Water-washing-free dyeing method for polyester
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411187232.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
AI Technical Summary
In the existing polyester fiber dyeing process, the use of dispersant causes wastewater pollution and dyes to penetrate into the fiber, limiting the application range of polyester water-free washing and dyeing, especially the medium and dark dye formulas are difficult to achieve water-free washing process.
Use organic solvent to dissolve the dispersed dye, combine ultrasonic wave and high-speed stirring to form a uniform dispersion liquid, and add anti-swimming agent, uniform dye and puffing agent to the dye bath, so that the dispersed dye can penetrate into the fiber efficiently at high temperature, achieving no Uniform dyeing of dispersants.
In the absence of water washing, efficient penetration and uniform dyeing of the internal dyes of the fibers have been achieved, which expands the scope of application of polyester water-free washing and dyeing, reduces wastewater treatment pressure, and improves dyeing fastness and uniformity.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of fabric dyeing technology, and in particular to a waterless dyeing method for polyester. Background Art
[0002] Polyester fiber is a hydrophobic fiber, often dyed with hydrophobic disperse dyes. Disperse dyes are insoluble in water, and during manufacturing, they are ground together with a large amount of dispersant to control the particle size of the disperse dye to 1-2 micrometers. This ensures the disperse dye is uniformly dispersed in water during use, facilitating factory operations. However, the use of dispersants can have some negative effects. For example, in intermittent high-temperature, high-pressure dyeing processes, the dispersant remains in the dye bath, generating large amounts of wastewater with high COD and color values, burdening wastewater treatment. In continuous hot-melt dyeing processes, the presence of dispersant causes the dye to remain primarily on the fiber surface, preventing penetration into the fiber interior, ultimately resulting in floating dye and increasing the difficulty of post-processing.
[0003] Taking into account environmental protection and cost requirements, hot melt dyeing, with its unique advantages of high efficiency and low cost, is increasingly valued by printing and dyeing plants, and is considered one of the important candidate processes for waterless dyeing of polyester. However, due to the presence of a large amount of dispersant in the dye, only light and medium-light color formulations can truly achieve waterless dyeing. For medium and dark color formulations with larger dye usage, waterless dyeing cannot be achieved, resulting in insufficient coverage of waterless dyeing technology for polyester. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for dyeing polyester without water washing.
[0005] The basic principles of this invention are explained as follows:
[0006] 1) Disperse dyes are dissolved in an organic solvent with high solubility and good water compatibility to form a disperse dye solution of a certain concentration. This solution is then mixed with water and subjected to high-power ultrasound and high-speed stirring. Since disperse dyes are insoluble in water, they precipitate as solids. Under the solvation effect of the organic solvent, the cavitation effect of the ultrasound, and the vigorous stirring, the particle size of the precipitated dye is controlled within a very small range, allowing it to be uniformly suspended in water, forming a temporarily stable dispersion. This method allows for the production of a uniform dispersion without the aid of a dispersant.
[0007] 2) After adding anti-migration agents and other auxiliaries to the dispersion, a dye bath can be formed to dye polyester fabrics. After padding, the disperse dye is applied to the surface of the polyester fibers, and color is developed at high temperature. Since the disperse dye is not bound by the dispersant, it can penetrate into the fiber interior very efficiently. Even with a relatively high dye dosage, the amount of dye remaining on the fiber surface is very small. The dyed fabric can achieve extremely excellent color fastness without washing.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0009] This invention provides a method for dyeing polyester without washing, comprising the following steps:
[0010] S1. Mix the disperse dye with the organic solvent to form a mixture;
[0011] S2. The mixture is mixed with water under ultrasonic and stirring conditions to form a dispersion;
[0012] S3. Add an anti-migration agent, a leveling agent, and a swelling agent to the dispersion to obtain a dye bath;
[0013] S4. Immerse the polyester fabric in the dye bath, pad, dry, and develop color to obtain the dyed fabric.
[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the disperse dye to the organic solvent is 1:(1-10); more preferably, the mass ratio of the disperse dye to the organic solvent is 1:(1-9).
[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the disperse dye includes at least one of disperse red, disperse orange, disperse yellow, disperse blue, disperse violet, disperse black, and disperse turquoise blue; more preferably, the disperse dye includes at least one of CI disperse red 60, 92, 152; CI disperse orange 25, 31; CI disperse yellow 54, 114, 163, 211; CI disperse blue 56, 60, 87, 165, 183; CI disperse violet 26, disperse black ECT300, and disperse turquoise blue.
[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the organic solvent includes at least one of amide solvents and sulfoxide solvents; more preferably, the organic solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and tetramethylurea (TMU); even more preferably, the organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
[0017] Specifically, the organic solvent needs to have the properties of high solubility for disperse dyes, good miscibility with water, low cost, and low toxicity. High solubility for disperse dyes allows for the production of high-strength dye mother liquor, which can reduce costs; good miscibility with water ensures a more uniform dye bath.
[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of the mixture to water is 1:(1-15); more preferably, the mass ratio of the mixture to water is 1:(8-13).
[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the power of the ultrasound is greater than 5000W; more preferably, the power of the ultrasound is 7000-10000W.
[0020] Specifically, the cavitation effect of ultrasound can generate extremely strong impact force in a short time, causing disperse dye particles to drop to the micron level, which plays an important role in forming small-diameter disperse dye particles.
[0021] Preferably, in step S2, the stirring speed is greater than 1000 rpm; more preferably, the stirring speed is 1000-10000 rpm; even more preferably, the stirring speed is 4000-8000 rpm.
[0022] Specifically, high-speed stirring can provide strong shearing action, which is beneficial for the formation of micron-sized disperse dye particles.
[0023] Preferably, in step S2, before the mixture is mixed with water, an emulsifier is added to the water.
[0024] Preferably, the amount of emulsifier used is 0-10% of the mass of water; more preferably, the amount of emulsifier used is 0-5% of the mass of water.
[0025] Preferably, the emulsifier includes at least one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (APEO), sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (10) ether carboxylate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
[0026] Specifically, the emulsifier can improve the dispersibility of disperse dyes.
[0027] Preferably, in step S3, the concentration of the anti-migration agent in the dye bath is (1-6) g / L; more preferably, the concentration of the anti-migration agent in the dye bath is (1-5) g / L.
[0028] Preferably, the anti-migratory agent includes at least one of carbomer, polyoxyethylene stearate, acrylate-acrylate copolymer, and acrylate-acrylamide copolymer.
[0029] Preferably, in step S3, the concentration of the leveling agent in the dye bath is (0.2-1.5) g / L; more preferably, the concentration of the leveling agent in the dye bath is (0.2-1) g / L.
[0030] Preferably, the leveling agent comprises at least one of glyceryl ether oleate, oleic acid polyoxyethylene ester, tristyrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, tristyrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, and naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate.
[0031] Specifically, the addition of the leveling agent helps to achieve uniform dyeing.
[0032] Preferably, in step S3, the concentration of the swelling agent in the dye bath is (1-6) g / L; more preferably, the concentration of the swelling agent in the dye bath is (2-5) g / L.
[0033] Preferably, the expanding agent includes at least one of benzyl benzoate, ethylene glycol dibenzoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, methyl salicylate, citrate, and dialkyl terephthalate.
[0034] Specifically, the swelling agent is a small-molecule oil-soluble aromatic compound that can quickly penetrate into the fiber at high temperatures and plasticize the polyester fiber, making the pores of the polyester fiber larger at high temperatures and making it easier for disperse dyes to diffuse.
[0035] Preferably, in step S3, the pH value of the dye bath is 4-6.
[0036] Preferably, the pH value of the dye bath is adjusted by adding a pH adjuster.
[0037] Preferably, the pH adjuster is at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, ammonium sulfate, acetate buffer, citric acid buffer, and ammonium sulfate buffer.
[0038] Specifically, adjusting the pH of the dye bath to 4-6 can correct the color of the dye.
[0039] Preferably, in step S4, the mass ratio of the polyester fabric to the dye bath is 1:(30-60); more preferably, the mass ratio of the polyester fabric to the dye bath is 1:(35-55).
[0040] Preferably, in step S4, during the impregnation and rolling process, the pressure of the pressure roller is 1-10 kg; more preferably, the pressure of the pressure roller is 4-6 kg.
[0041] Preferably, in step S4, during the impregnation process, the liquid content of the polyester fabric is 30-50 wt%; more preferably, the liquid content of the polyester fabric is 35-45 wt%.
[0042] Preferably, in step S4, the rolling process includes one-dip-one-roll or two-dip-two-roll.
[0043] Preferably, in step S4, the drying temperature is 80-120°C; more preferably, the drying temperature is 90-110°C.
[0044] Preferably, in step S4, the color development temperature is 60-210℃ and the time is 1-2 min; more preferably, the color development temperature of high-temperature disperse dyes is 200-210℃ and the time is 1-2 min; the color development temperature of medium-temperature disperse dyes is 190-200℃ and the time is 1-2 min; and the color development temperature of low-temperature disperse dyes is 180-190℃ and the time is 1-2 min.
[0045] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0046] The polyester no-wash dyeing method provided by this invention can obtain a uniform dispersed dye dispersion without the aid of a dispersant. The dispersed dye can efficiently penetrate into the fiber during the dyeing process, and the dyed fabric can achieve good color fastness without washing. Moreover, the dyeing is uniform and free of pinholes, resulting in a high yield. This method reduces the treatment pressure of high COD and color value wastewater caused by the use of dispersants, which helps to save costs. This method is applicable to light and medium-light color formulations as well as medium-dark and dark color formulations, with a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description
[0047] Figure 1 This is a picture showing the dyeing effect of the finished fabric 1;
[0048] Figure 2 This is a picture showing the dyeing effect of the finished fabric 2.
[0049] Figure 3 The image shows the dyeing effect of the finished fabric.
[0050] Figure 4 The image shows the dyeing effect of the finished fabric (4).
[0051] Figure 5 For comparison, see the dyeing effect diagram of fabric 1;
[0052] Figure 6 For comparison, see the dyeing effect of fabric 2. Detailed Implementation
[0053] The present invention is further described in detail below using specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, and apparatus used in the examples and comparative examples are available from conventional commercial sources or by conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, all experimental or testing methods are conventional in the art.
[0054] Example 1
[0055] S1. Weigh 2g of HAP-2BL filter cake of magenta disperse dye and dissolve it in 18g of N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain an organic dye solution;
[0056] S2. Add 170g of water and 10g of emulsifier tristyrene-phenol polyoxyethylene ether to a container equipped with an ultrasonic wave and a stirring paddle / dispersion plate. At a stirring speed of 5000rpm and an ultrasonic power of 5000W, slowly pour the dye organic solution into the water. At this time, the dye precipitates out as micron-sized particles suspended in the water to form a dispersion.
[0057] S3. Add 2 g / L of benzyl benzoate (swelling agent), 5 g / L of TS-20 (anti-migration agent), 1 g / L of XPO4 (leveling agent), and 0.2 g / L of acetic acid to the dispersion, stir well, and obtain a dye bath with a pH of 5.
[0058] S4. Weigh 5g of polyester milk silk fabric and immerse it in the dye bath. Dip and rub twice (pressure of roller 5kg, liquid content 40wt%), dry at 100℃, and develop color at 180℃ for 2min to obtain finished fabric 1.
[0059] Example 2
[0060] S1. Weigh 2g of HAP-6G filter cake of turquoise disperse dye and dissolve it in 18g of dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain an organic dye solution;
[0061] S2. Add 250g of water and 8g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate emulsifier to a container equipped with an ultrasonic wave and a stirring paddle / dispersion plate. At a stirring speed of 8000rpm and an ultrasonic power of 8000W, slowly pour the dye organic solution into the water. At this time, the dye precipitates out as micron-sized particles suspended in the water to form a dispersion.
[0062] S3. Add 2 g / L of benzyl benzoate (swelling agent), 1 g / L of carbomer (anti-migration agent), 1 g / L of polyoxyethylene oleate (leveling agent), and 0.2 g / L of citric acid to the dispersion, stir well, and obtain a dye bath with a pH of 5.
[0063] S4. Weigh 5g of polyester milk silk fabric and immerse it in the dye bath. Perform two dips and two nips (pressure of 5kg roller, liquid content of 40wt%), dry at 100℃, and develop color at 180℃ for 2min to obtain finished fabric 2.
[0064] Example 3
[0065] S1. Weigh 5g of yellow disperse dye HAP-GL filter cake and dissolve it in 15g of tetramethylurea to obtain an organic dye solution;
[0066] S2. Add 250g of water and 8g of emulsifier fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (Pingpingjia O-30) to a container equipped with an ultrasonic wave and a stirring paddle / dispersion plate. At a stirring speed of 6000rpm and an ultrasonic power of 7000W, slowly pour the dye organic solution into the water. At this time, the dye precipitates out as micron-sized particles suspended in the water to form a dispersion.
[0067] S3. Add 5 g / L of swelling agent ethylene glycol dibenzoate, 1 g / L of anti-migration agent polyoxyethylene stearate, 1 g / L of leveling agent polyoxyethylene oleate, and 1 g / L of ammonium sulfate to the dispersion, stir evenly, and obtain a dye bath with a pH value of 4.
[0068] S4. Weigh 5g of polyester milk silk fabric and immerse it in the dye bath. Perform two dips and two nips (pressure of 5kg roller, liquid content of 40wt%), dry at 100℃, and develop color at 180℃ for 2min to obtain the finished fabric 3.
[0069] Example 4
[0070] S1. Weigh 8g of black disperse dye HAP-4BL filter cake and dissolve it in 12g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to obtain an organic dye solution;
[0071] S2. Add 250g of water and 8g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate emulsifier to a container equipped with an ultrasonic wave and a stirring paddle / dispersion plate. At a stirring speed of 6000rpm and an ultrasonic power of 7500W, slowly pour the dye organic solution into the water. At this time, the dye precipitates out as micron-sized particles suspended in the water to form a dispersion.
[0072] S3. Add 2 g / L of swelling agent diethylene benzoate, 1 g / L of anti-migration agent polyoxyethylene stearate, 1 g / L of leveling agent polyoxyethylene oleate, and 1 g / L of ammonium sulfate to the dispersion, stir evenly, and obtain a dye bath with a pH value of 4.
[0073] S4. Weigh 5g of polyester milk silk fabric and immerse it in the dye bath. Perform two dips and two nips (pressure of 5kg roller, liquid content of 40wt%), dry at 100℃, and develop color at 180℃ for 2min to obtain the finished fabric 4.
[0074] Comparative Example 1
[0075] S1. Weigh 8g of black disperse dye HAP-4BL filter cake and dissolve it in 12g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to obtain an organic dye solution;
[0076] S2. Add 250g of water and 8g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate emulsifier to a container equipped with an ultrasonic wave and a stirring paddle / dispersion plate. At a stirring speed of 6000rpm, slowly pour the dye organic solution into the water. At this time, the dye precipitates out as visible particles suspended in the water to form a dispersion.
[0077] S3. Add 2 g / L of swelling agent diethylene benzoate, 1 g / L of anti-migration agent polyoxyethylene stearate, 1 g / L of leveling agent polyoxyethylene oleate, and 1 g / L of ammonium sulfate to the dispersion, stir evenly, and obtain a dye bath with a pH value of 4.
[0078] S4. Weigh 5g of polyester milk silk fabric and immerse it in the dye bath. Perform two dips and two nips (pressure of 5kg roller, liquid content of 40wt%), dry at 100℃, and develop color at 180℃ for 2min to obtain control fabric 1.
[0079] Comparative Example 2
[0080] S1. Weigh 8g of black disperse dye HAP-4BL filter cake and dissolve it in 12g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to obtain an organic dye solution;
[0081] S2. Add 250g of water and 8g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate emulsifier to a container equipped with an ultrasonic wave and a stirring paddle / dispersion plate. Under an ultrasonic power of 7500W, slowly pour the dye organic solution into the water. At this time, the dye precipitates out as visible particles suspended in the water, forming a dispersion.
[0082] S3. Add 2 g / L of swelling agent diethylene benzoate, 1 g / L of anti-migration agent polyoxyethylene stearate, 1 g / L of leveling agent polyoxyethylene oleate, and 1 g / L of ammonium sulfate to the dispersion, stir evenly, and obtain a dye bath with a pH value of 4.
[0083] S4. Weigh 5g of polyester milk silk fabric and immerse it in the dye bath. Perform two dips and two nips (pressure of 5kg roller, liquid content of 40wt%), dry at 100℃, and develop color at 180℃ for 2min to obtain control fabric 2.
[0084] Performance testing
[0085] 1. Use a Datacolor colorimeter to measure the K / S values of finished fabric 1-4 and control fabric 1-2;
[0086] 2. Test the rubbing fastness of finished fabric 1-4 and control fabric 1-2, referring to standard GB / T 8430-1998;
[0087] 3. Test the wash fastness of finished fabrics 1-4 and control fabrics 1-2, referring to the standard ISO 105C06 color fastness to washing (ISO standard);
[0088] 4. Visually inspect the dyeing uniformity of finished fabrics 1-4 and control fabrics 1-2.
[0089] The performance test results are shown in Table 1:
[0090] Table 1 Performance test results of finished fabric 1-4 and comparison fabric 1-2
[0091]
[0092] Table 1 shows the performance test results of finished fabrics 1-4 and control fabrics 1-2. As can be seen from Table 1, the K / S values of finished fabrics 1-4, obtained by dyeing polyester fabrics using the method provided in this application, are 14.6, 17.5, 15.5, and 18.0, respectively. A higher K / S value indicates a darker color, demonstrating that the method provided in this invention is applicable to both dark and light dye formulations, exhibiting a wide range of applicability. Finished fabrics 1-4 achieve a dry rubbing fastness grade of 4-5 and a wet rubbing fastness grade of 4; the color change fastness to washing is grade 4; the staining grade for nylon is 3-4; and the staining grades for other fabrics are 4-5. This indicates that the dyed fabrics obtained by the method provided in this invention can achieve extremely excellent color fastness even without washing.
[0093] Figure 1 This is a picture showing the dyeing effect of the finished fabric 1. Figure 2 This is a picture showing the dyeing effect of the finished fabric 2. Figure 3 This is a picture showing the dyeing effect of the finished fabric. Figure 4 This is a dyeing effect diagram of the finished fabric (image 4). Figure 1-4 It is known that the dyed fabric obtained by the method provided by the present invention is uniformly dyed without pitting and has a uniform color without washing.
[0094] Figure 5 To compare the dyeing effect of fabric 1, Figure 6 To compare the dyeing effect of fabric 2, by Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, high-power ultrasound and high-speed stirring were lacking in the step of dispersing disperse dye in water to form a dispersion, respectively. This resulted in poor dye dispersion, large particle size, uneven dye bath, and difficulty for disperse dye to penetrate into the fiber interior efficiently during the dyeing process. Consequently, the dyed fabric surface showed obvious pitting and uneven color.
[0095] The polyester waterless dyeing method provided by this invention uses the solvation effect of organic solvent, the cavitation effect of ultrasound, and the vigorous stirring effect to form a uniform dispersion of dye without dispersant. The disperse dye can efficiently penetrate into the fiber during the dyeing process. After dyeing, no water washing is required, and the dyed fabric can still have excellent color fastness. This not only reduces the wastewater treatment pressure caused by the water washing process, but also obtains dyed fabric with uniform color and no blemishes.
Claims
1. A polyester non-washing dyeing method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing disperse dyes with organic solvents to form a mixed solution; S2, mixing the mixed solution with water under ultrasonic and stirring conditions to form a dispersion; S3, adding an anti-migration agent, a leveling agent and a bulking agent to the dispersion to obtain a dye bath; S4, immersing the polyester fabric in the dye bath, padding, drying, and coloring to obtain a dyed fabric.
2. The polyester non-water-washing dyeing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the mass ratio of the disperse dye to the organic solvent is 1:(1-10).
3. The polyester non-water-washing dyeing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the disperse dye includes at least one of disperse red, disperse orange, disperse yellow, disperse blue, disperse violet, disperse black, and disperse turquoise; And / or, the organic solvent includes at least one of an amide solvent and a sulfoxide solvent.
4. The polyester non-water-washing dyeing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass ratio of the mixed liquid to water is 1:(5-15).
5. The polyester non-water-washing dyeing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the power of the ultrasound is greater than 5000W; And / or, the stirring speed is greater than 1000 rpm.
6. The polyester non-washing dyeing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the concentration of the anti-migration agent in the dye bath is (1-6) g / L; And / or, the concentration of the leveling agent in the dye bath is (0.2-1.5) g / L; and / or, the concentration of the bulking agent in the dye bath is (1-6) g / L; And / or, the pH value of the dye bath is 4-6.
7. The method for dyeing polyester without water washing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the anti-migration agent includes at least one of carbomer, polyoxyethylene stearate, acrylic acid-acrylic acid ester copolymer, and acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer; And / or, the leveling agent includes at least one of glycerol ether oleate, polyoxyethylene oleate, tristyrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, tristyrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, and naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate; And / or, the swelling agent includes at least one of benzyl benzoate, ethylene glycol dibenzoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, methyl salicylate, citrate, and dialkyl terephthalate.
8. The method for dyeing polyester without water washing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the mass ratio of the polyester fabric to the dye bath is 1:(30-60).
9. The method for dyeing polyester without water washing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, during the padding, the pressure of the pressing roller is 1-10 kg; and the liquid carrying rate of the polyester fabric is 30-50 wt%.
10. The polyester non-water-washing dyeing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the drying temperature is 80-120°C; And / or, the color development temperature is 60-210° C. and the time is 1-2 min.