Rural drinking water safety monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of drinking water safety monitoring, and discloses a rural drinking water safety monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: S1, water sample collection; s2, monitoring a water sample; s3, data acquisition and transmission; s4, data processing and analysis; s5, early warning; s6, water quality reporting, water quality safety of rural drinking water sources and water delivery pipe networks is ensured by monitoring and evaluating water quality parameters in real time, potential water quality problems can be found and dealt with in time through regular and instant monitoring, health risks caused by water quality pollution are reduced, automatic and continuous water quality monitoring and data transmission are achieved, and the water quality monitoring efficiency is improved. The frequency of manual sampling and inspection is reduced, the monitoring efficiency is greatly improved, real-time collection and analysis of data also shorten the problem discovery and response time, the response speed is improved, and a scientific basis is provided for water quality management and decision making through comprehensive water quality index CWQI calculation and water quality report generation. A decision maker can analyze according to data and trends in the report.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drinking water safety monitoring, and in particular to a method for monitoring rural drinking water safety. Background Art

[0002] Rural drinking water safety is an important issue related to the life and health of rural residents. Rural drinking water safety means that rural residents can obtain sufficient, clean and affordable drinking water in a timely and convenient manner. Rural drinking water safety includes four evaluation indicators: water quality, water quantity, water convenience and water supply guarantee rate.

[0003] Rural drinking water safety first refers to the safety of drinking water. Safe drinking water refers to drinking water that a person can drink throughout his life without causing harm to his health. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, lifelong drinking is based on an average life expectancy of 70 years and is calculated based on 2L of drinking water per person per day. In addition, safe drinking water should also include daily personal hygiene water, that is, water for washing face, bathing, gargling, etc. If the water contains harmful substances, these substances may enter the human body through skin contact, respiratory absorption, etc. when bathing or gargling, thus affecting human health.

[0004] The existing rural drinking water safety is directly related to the health and life safety of farmers and is an important infrastructure for rural development. Traditional water quality monitoring methods often rely on manual sampling and inspection, which have problems such as low monitoring efficiency, slow response speed, and insufficient data accuracy. It is difficult to detect and respond to water pollution incidents in a timely manner. Therefore, a monitoring method for rural drinking water safety is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring method for rural drinking water safety to solve the problem raised in the above background technology that the existing rural drinking water safety is directly related to the health and life safety of farmers and is an important infrastructure for rural development. Traditional water quality monitoring methods often rely on manual sampling and inspection, and have problems such as low monitoring efficiency, slow response speed, and insufficient data accuracy, making it difficult to promptly detect and respond to water pollution incidents.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for monitoring rural drinking water safety, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Water sample collection;

[0008] S2, water sample monitoring;

[0009] S3, data collection and transmission;

[0010] S4, data processing and analysis;

[0011] S5, early warning;

[0012] S6. Water quality report.

[0013] Preferably, in S1 above, the water sample collection includes multiple sampling points, and the sampling points are rural drinking water sources and key nodes of water supply pipelines, and water quality monitoring stations are set up at the key nodes.

[0014] Preferably, in S2 above, the water sample monitoring is to measure the pH value, turbidity, residual chlorine and heavy metal content of the collected water samples.

[0015] Preferably, in S3 above, the sensor of the water quality monitoring station collects water quality parameters in real time and sends the data to a central data processing center via wireless transmission.

[0016] Preferably, in S4, the data processing and analysis includes the following sub-steps:

[0017] S401, data preprocessing;

[0018] S402. Water quality evaluation.

[0019] Preferably, in S402, the water quality evaluation is calculated using a comprehensive water quality index (CWQI);

[0020] The calculation formula of the comprehensive water quality index CWQI is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Where n is the number of water quality parameters involved in the evaluation, Wi is the weight of the i-th water quality parameter, Wi is determined according to the degree of its impact on health risks, and QIi is the quality index of the i-th water quality parameter, which is calculated based on the ratio of the actual measured value to the standard limit.

[0023] Preferably, the calculation formula of the quality index QIi of the water quality parameter is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where Ci is the actual measured value of the i-th water quality parameter, Cmin and Cmax are the minimum and maximum allowable concentrations of the parameter, respectively.

[0026] Preferably, in S5, the water quality level is determined according to the CWQI value, and when the CWQI exceeds a preset threshold, an early warning is triggered, and relevant departments and residents are notified immediately.

[0027] Preferably, in S6, a water quality monitoring report is regularly generated according to the CWQI value to analyze the trend of water quality changes.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects:

[0029] 1. Ensure the water quality safety of rural drinking water sources and water pipelines through real-time monitoring and evaluation of water quality parameters. Through regular and immediate monitoring, potential water quality problems can be discovered and responded to in a timely manner, reducing health risks caused by water pollution. Automated and continuous water quality monitoring and data transmission reduce the frequency of manual sampling and inspection, greatly improving monitoring efficiency. The immediate collection and analysis of data also shortens the time for problem discovery and response, and improves response speed.

[0030] 2. The calculation of the comprehensive water quality index CWQI and the generation of water quality reports provide a scientific basis for water quality management and decision-making. Decision-makers can formulate more reasonable and effective water quality management strategies based on the data and trend analysis in the report. When water quality problems occur, relevant departments and residents can be notified immediately, which enhances the public's right to know and participation in water quality safety, and helps to create a good atmosphere for the whole society to pay attention to and participate in water quality protection.

[0031] 3. When a sudden water pollution incident occurs, the early warning mechanism can be quickly activated and the relevant departments and residents can be notified, which provides a strong guarantee for timely emergency measures. Through the analysis of historical data and simulation prediction, a scientific decision-making basis can be provided for emergency response. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by this application.

[0036] Example

[0037] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for monitoring rural drinking water safety, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1. Water sample collection: Water sample collection includes multiple sampling points. The sampling points are rural drinking water sources and key nodes of water supply pipelines. Water quality monitoring stations are set up at key nodes.

[0039] In rural areas, drinking water sources, such as groundwater wells, rivers, lakes, and key nodes of water pipe networks, such as pumping stations, pipe network intersections, and end-user access points, are selected as sampling points. Sampling plans are set up at these locations to ensure that the entire water supply chain from source to user is covered. Water quality monitoring stations are set up at key nodes to lay a physical foundation for subsequent real-time monitoring.

[0040] S2. Water sample monitoring: Water sample monitoring is to measure the pH value, turbidity, residual chlorine and heavy metal content of the collected water samples. Instruments are used on-site at the water quality monitoring station to measure multiple indicators, including but not limited to pH value, turbidity, residual chlorine and heavy metal content. The pH value indicates the acidity and alkalinity of the water, the turbidity reflects the amount of suspended matter in the water, the residual chlorine measures the disinfectant residue to ensure microbial safety, and the heavy metal content is directly related to long-term health risks.

[0041] pH value: reflects the acidity and alkalinity of water and has an important impact on aquatic life and human health.

[0042] Turbidity: Indicates the amount of suspended matter in water. High turbidity may indicate that the water source is polluted or improperly treated.

[0043] Residual chlorine: It is the free chlorine or combined chlorine remaining in the water after chlorination, which is used to indicate the disinfection effect. However, excessive or low residual chlorine may have adverse effects on human health.

[0044] Heavy metal content: Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury are harmful to the human body. Their content in water needs to be strictly controlled. Water quality parameters need to be monitored and evaluated in real time to ensure the water quality safety of rural drinking water sources and water pipelines. Through regular and immediate monitoring, potential water quality problems can be discovered and responded to in a timely manner, reducing health risks caused by water pollution.

[0045] S3. Data collection and transmission: The sensors at the water quality monitoring station collect water quality parameters in real time and send the data to the central data processing center through wireless transmission. The water quality monitoring station is equipped with a variety of sensors. The sensors automatically and continuously monitor water quality parameters and transmit the data to the central data processing center in real time through wireless networks such as 4G / 5G and LoRaWAN, realizing real-time data collection and analysis. There is no need for frequent manual sampling and inspection, which improves efficiency and response speed. Automated and continuous water quality monitoring and data transmission reduce the frequency of manual sampling and inspection, greatly improve monitoring efficiency, and real-time data collection and analysis also shortens the time for problem discovery and response, and improves response speed.

[0046] S4, data processing and analysis; data processing and analysis includes the following sub-steps:

[0047] S401, data preprocessing, data preprocessing includes data cleaning, noise filtering, data correction, outlier detection and processing, and standardization;

[0048] Data cleaning:

[0049] Missing value processing: Check whether there are missing values ​​in the data set, and select a filling method based on the specific situation, using the mean, median, previous or next valid value to fill, or delete records with missing values;

[0050] Duplicate data processing: Identify and remove duplicate records in the data set to ensure that each observation is independent;

[0051] Noise filtering:

[0052] Time series smoothing: For continuously collected water quality data, methods such as moving average, exponential smoothing or median filtering can be used to remove random noise;

[0053] Frequency domain filtering: For signals containing periodic interference, they can be converted to the frequency domain and use low-pass, high-pass or band-pass filters to remove noise in a specific frequency range;

[0054] Data correction:

[0055] Instrument calibration: Correct the measured value according to the sensor's calibration curve or calibration factor to eliminate the error of the instrument itself.

[0056] Environmental factor correction: Consider the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and air pressure on water quality parameter measurement, and use known correction formulas or models to make adjustments;

[0057] Outlier detection and processing:

[0058] Statistical methods: Use box plot analysis, Z-score or IQR (interquartile range) methods to identify data points outside the normal range.

[0059] Model-based methods: Use machine learning models, such as Isolation Forest and DBSCAN clustering, to automatically identify outliers.

[0060] Treatment method: Once outliers are identified, you can choose to delete, replace, replace with the mean, median or other reasonable estimates, or investigate to confirm the authenticity of the data.

[0061] Standardization: In order to unify the dimensions or ranges of different water quality parameters, it may be necessary to standardize the data, such as z-score standardization, or normalize them, such as min-max scaling, to facilitate comparison and comprehensive analysis;

[0062] S402. Water quality evaluation.

[0063] Water quality evaluation is calculated using the Comprehensive Water Quality Index (CWQI);

[0064] The calculation formula of comprehensive water quality index CWQI is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Where n is the number of water quality parameters involved in the evaluation, Wi is the weight of the i-th water quality parameter, Wi is determined according to the degree of its impact on health risks, and QIi is the quality index of the i-th water quality parameter, which is calculated based on the ratio of the actual measured value to the standard limit.

[0067] The calculation formula of the quality index QIi of water quality parameters is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, Ci is the actual measured value of the i-th water quality parameter, Cmin and Cmax are the minimum and maximum allowable concentrations of the parameter, respectively. CWQI can comprehensively and comprehensively reflect the overall quality of the water body by considering multiple water quality parameters and assigning corresponding weights (Wi) to each parameter. It can more accurately reflect the complexity and diversity of water quality than a single indicator evaluation. The determination of weight Wi is based on the degree of impact of water quality parameters on health risks, making the evaluation results more scientific and objective. At the same time, the calculation of the quality index QIi is based on the ratio of the actual measured value to the standard limit, which avoids the subjectivity of human judgment and improves the accuracy of the evaluation results. As a single value, CWQI can intuitively represent the quality of water, which is convenient for the public, policy makers and managers to understand and apply. It is of great significance for water resource protection, water quality improvement and water quality management decision-making. The calculation method of CWQI can be adjusted according to different water quality standards and needs. For example, the minimum allowable concentration (Cmin) and maximum allowable concentration (Cmax) of water quality parameters can be modified according to the water quality requirements of a specific region or industry, and the weight of each parameter can be adjusted to adapt to different evaluation scenarios and needs.

[0070] The calculation of the comprehensive water quality index (CWQI) and the generation of water quality reports provide a scientific basis for water quality management and decision-making. Decision makers can formulate more reasonable and effective water quality management strategies based on the data and trend analysis in the reports.

[0071] S5. Early warning: The water quality level is determined based on the CWQI value. When the CWQI exceeds the preset threshold, an early warning is triggered, and relevant departments and residents are notified immediately. CWQI is a comprehensive evaluation indicator that takes into account multiple water quality parameters and can more comprehensively reflect the water quality status.

[0072] Early warning mechanism: The preset threshold is determined based on local water quality standards, historical data and risk assessment results. Once the CWQI exceeds the threshold, the system immediately starts the early warning process and notifies relevant personnel through SMS, email, APP push, etc.

[0073] Immediate notification: ensure that relevant personnel can obtain early warning information in a timely manner and take necessary measures to protect drinking water sources and water supply systems. When there is a problem with water quality, relevant departments and residents can be notified immediately, which enhances the public's right to know and participation in water quality safety, and helps to create a good atmosphere for the whole society to pay attention to and participate in water quality protection.

[0074] S6. Water quality report: Generate water quality monitoring reports regularly based on CWQI values ​​and analyze water quality change trends.

[0075] Regular reporting: Generate water quality monitoring reports regularly, such as daily, weekly, and monthly, based on monitoring needs and management requirements.

[0076] Water quality change trends: By analyzing and comparing historical data, we can identify trends and patterns in water quality changes, and provide a basis for future water quality prediction and management.

[0077] Scientific decision-making: The water quality report not only reflects the current water quality status, but also provides data support and decision-making suggestions to help relevant departments formulate more scientific and reasonable water quality management strategies. When a sudden water pollution incident occurs, the early warning mechanism can be quickly activated and the relevant departments and residents can be notified, providing a strong guarantee for the timely adoption of emergency measures. Through the analysis of historical data and simulation prediction, a scientific decision-making basis can be provided for emergency response.

[0078] Generate water quality monitoring reports regularly based on the CWQI value and analyze water quality change trends.

[0079] In summary, by real-time monitoring and evaluation of water quality parameters, the water quality safety of rural drinking water sources and water pipelines can be ensured. Through regular and immediate monitoring, potential water quality problems can be discovered and responded to in a timely manner, reducing the health risks caused by water pollution. Automated and continuous water quality monitoring and data transmission reduce the frequency of manual sampling and inspection, greatly improving monitoring efficiency. The immediate collection and analysis of data also shortens the time for problem discovery and response, and improves response speed.

[0080] The calculation of the comprehensive water quality index CWQI and the generation of water quality reports provide a scientific basis for water quality management and decision-making. Decision makers can formulate more reasonable and effective water quality management strategies based on the data and trend analysis in the report. When water quality problems occur, relevant departments and residents can be notified immediately, which enhances the public's right to know and participation in water quality safety, and helps to create a good atmosphere for the whole society to pay attention to and participate in water quality protection.

[0081] In the event of a sudden water pollution incident, the early warning mechanism can be quickly activated and relevant departments and residents can be notified, providing a strong guarantee for timely emergency measures. Through the analysis of historical data and simulation prediction, a scientific decision-making basis can be provided for emergency response.

[0082] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention may be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations and / or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention may be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Water sample collection; S2, water sample monitoring; S3, data collection and transmission; S4, data processing and analysis; S5, early warning; S6. Water quality report.

2. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the water sample collection includes multiple sampling points, which are rural drinking water sources and key nodes of water supply networks, and water quality monitoring stations are set up at the key nodes.

3. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the water sample monitoring is to measure the pH value, turbidity, residual chlorine and heavy metal content of the collected water samples.

4. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S3, the sensors of the water quality monitoring station collect water quality parameters in real time and send the data to the central data processing center via wireless transmission.

5. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S4, the data processing and analysis includes the following sub-steps: S401, data preprocessing; S402. Water quality assessment.

6. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S402, the water quality evaluation is calculated using a comprehensive water quality index (CWQI); The calculation formula of the comprehensive water quality index CWQI is as follows: Where n is the number of water quality parameters involved in the evaluation, Wi is the weight of the i-th water quality parameter, Wi is determined according to the degree of its impact on health risks, and QIi is the quality index of the i-th water quality parameter, which is calculated based on the ratio of the actual measured value to the standard limit.

7. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the quality index QIi of the water quality parameter is as follows: Where Ci is the actual measured value of the i-th water quality parameter, Cmin and Cmax are the minimum and maximum allowable concentrations of the parameter, respectively.

8. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S5, the water quality level is determined based on the CWQI value, and an early warning is triggered when the CWQI exceeds the preset threshold, immediately notifying relevant departments and residents.

9. A method for monitoring rural drinking water safety according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S6, a water quality monitoring report is generated regularly based on the CWQI value to analyze the trend of water quality changes.

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