Integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy project exploration

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of stratum exploration sampling control technology, and specifically to a drilling and sampling integrated device for water conservancy project exploration. The present invention first obtains real-time images and ultrasonic images of the drilled rock during the survey process, and obtains the rock mass smoothness coefficient of each edge line in the real-time image; further divides the real-time image to obtain each layer of rock formation area; further obtains the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image according to the morphological similarity characteristics and rock mass smoothness coefficient similarity characteristics of all edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area and the adjacent inner edge lines; further obtains the sampling frequency of the current core drilling according to the grayscale distribution characteristics in the ultrasonic image, the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient and the preset sampling frequency, and the grayscale similarity characteristics of the ultrasonic images of the current sampling rock formation and the historical adjacent sampling rock formation, effectively improving the accuracy and efficiency of rock formation exploration, optimizing the utilization of sampling resources, and improving the overall effect of water conservancy project exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of stratum exploration sampling control, and in particular to a drilling and sampling integrated device for water conservancy engineering exploration. Background Art

[0002] Before the construction of a water conservancy project, it is necessary to evaluate the current engineering geological conditions to help construction personnel design the current construction design structure, prevent potential geological hazards and ensure engineering safety. When determining the engineering geological conditions, it is generally necessary to obtain actual samples of underground rocks and soil through drilling and sampling, and determine the current distribution of rocks at different depths through experimental analysis.

[0003] In water conservancy project exploration, geological conditions are highly complex and variable. The geological structures, rock types and soil properties in different regions are different. Traditional sampling methods are often based on experience and fixed patterns, lacking in-depth analysis and adaptive adjustment of specific geological conditions. This method may lead to excessive sampling in some areas and insufficient sampling in other key areas, such as excessive sampling in locations with stable rock structures and too little sampling in rock formations with variable rock structures, thus affecting the accuracy and reliability of the exploration results. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problem of inappropriate sampling frequency in water conservancy project exploration, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated drilling and sampling device for water conservancy project exploration, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] A drilling and sampling integrated device for water conservancy engineering exploration, comprising a device body and a sampling control system for adjusting the sampling frequency of core drilling; the sampling control system comprises a collection and preprocessing module, a stratification module, a rock layer change analysis module, and a sampling adjustment module;

[0006] The acquisition and preprocessing module is used to obtain real-time images and ultrasonic images of the drilled rock during the survey process; perform edge detection on the real-time image; and obtain the rock mass smoothness coefficient of each edge line based on the length characteristics and change characteristics of each edge line;

[0007] A stratification module is used to determine the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole according to the grayscale characteristics of the pixel points in the real-time image; on the perpendicular line connecting the center of the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole and the edge of the real-time image, the connecting line is equally divided into a preset number of parts, and a circle is drawn in the real-time image with the center of the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole as the center of the circle and the distance between each equally divided point and the center of the circle as the radius, and each circular ring is used as a layer of rock layer area;

[0008] The rock formation variation analysis module is used to sort according to the position of each circle ring and the center of the circle, select any edge line in any rock formation area in the non-innermost circle ring as the target edge line; obtain the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient of the target edge line according to the morphological similarity characteristics between the target edge line and the nearest edge line in the adjacent inner rock formation area, and the similarity characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient; obtain the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image according to the rock formation continuity sub-coefficients of all the edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area;

[0009] The sampling adjustment module is used to obtain the initial sampling frequency of the current rock layer according to the grayscale distribution characteristics in the ultrasonic image, combined with the rock layer fluctuation change coefficient and the preset sampling frequency; and obtain the sampling frequency of the current core drilling according to the grayscale similarity characteristics of the ultrasonic images of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, combined with the initial sampling frequency.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the rock formation continuum coefficient includes:

[0011] Recording the nearest edge line in the inner rock layer area adjacent to the target edge line as the target matching edge line;

[0012] The DTW similarity between the target edge line and the target matching edge line, and the minimum distance between the endpoints of the target edge line and the endpoints of the target matching edge line are obtained; the rock formation continuous sub-coefficient of the target edge line is obtained according to the similarity characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient between the target edge line and the target matching edge line, the DTW similarity and the minimum distance; the similarity characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient and the DTW similarity are both positively correlated with the rock formation continuous sub-coefficient; the minimum distance is negatively correlated with the rock formation continuous sub-coefficient.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the rock formation continuum coefficient includes:

[0014] The negative correlation mapping value of the sum of the rock formation continuous sub-coefficients of all the edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area is used as the rock formation variation coefficient of each non-innermost rock formation area;

[0015] The normalized result of the maximum rock formation variation coefficient is used as the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image.

[0016] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the initial sampling frequency includes:

[0017] Intercepting the acoustic wave image of the current depth range in the ultrasonic image; obtaining a grayscale distribution histogram of the acoustic wave image, analyzing the grayscale fluctuation characteristics of the acoustic wave image using the grayscale distribution histogram, and obtaining the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation; the grayscale fluctuation characteristics are positively correlated with the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation;

[0018] The initial sampling frequency of the current rock formation is obtained according to the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient, the preset sampling frequency and the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient; the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient, the preset sampling frequency and the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient are all positively correlated with the initial sampling frequency.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient includes:

[0020] The grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation is obtained according to the grayscale range and the variance of the number of grayscale pixels in the grayscale distribution histogram; the grayscale range and the variance of the number of grayscale pixels are both positively correlated with the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for acquiring the sampling frequency of the current core drilling includes:

[0022] According to the similar characteristics of the grayscale variation coefficient of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, combined with the similar characteristics of the grayscale level corresponding to the grayscale peak in the grayscale distribution histogram, the possible coefficient of the same rock mass is obtained; the similar characteristics of the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer and the similar characteristics of the grayscale level are both positively correlated with the possible coefficient of the same rock mass;

[0023] According to the same rock mass possible coefficient and the initial sampling frequency, the sampling frequency of the current core drilling is obtained; the same rock mass possible coefficient is negatively correlated with the sampling frequency of the current core drilling; the initial sampling frequency is positively correlated with the sampling frequency of the current core drilling.

[0024] Further, the method for obtaining the sampling frequency of the current core drilling according to the same rock mass possibility coefficient and the initial sampling frequency includes:

[0025] The product of the negative correlation mapping and normalization result of the possible coefficients of the same rock mass and the initial sampling frequency is used as the sampling frequency of the current core drilling.

[0026] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the rock mass smoothness coefficient includes:

[0027] In each of the edge lines, the rock smoothness coefficient of each edge line is obtained based on the difference characteristics of the normal directions of all adjacent pixel points combined with the number of pixel points of the edge line; the difference characteristics of the normal directions of all adjacent pixel points are negatively correlated with the rock smoothness coefficient; the number of pixel points is positively correlated with the rock smoothness coefficient.

[0028] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole includes:

[0029] Threshold segmentation is performed on the real-time image to obtain a binary image, and the largest connected domain with a pixel value of 0 in the binary image is used as the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole.

[0030] Furthermore, the algorithm used for the edge detection is the Canny edge detection algorithm.

[0031] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention adjusts the sampling frequency of core drilling by setting a sampling control system in the integrated drilling and sampling equipment used for water conservancy project exploration; firstly, real-time images and ultrasonic images of the drilled rocks in the survey process are obtained to provide a data basis for subsequent analysis, and the rock mass smoothness coefficient of each edge line in the real-time image is obtained, and the smoothness characteristics of the rock mass are reflected through the change characteristics of the edge line, which is convenient for subsequent analysis of the type change of the rock mass and adjustment of the sampling frequency of core drilling; the real-time image is further divided to obtain the area of ​​each rock layer, so that the change of the rock layer is more clear and accurate in the image, and the change of the rock layer with the depth can be intuitively displayed, so as to accurately adjust the acquisition frequency; further, in order to analyze the change characteristics of the rock layer, each rock layer area is selected and connected with the ultrasonic image. The inner adjacent rock layer area is compared, and the continuity characteristics of the rock layer are analyzed through the similar characteristics of the edge line, and the rock layer fluctuation variation coefficient is finally obtained, which provides a basis for the final adjustment of the sampling frequency, making the exploration process more targeted and adaptable; further, according to the gray distribution characteristics in the ultrasonic image, combined with the rock layer fluctuation variation coefficient and the preset sampling frequency, the initial sampling frequency of the current rock layer is obtained, the density and uniformity of the rock layer are analyzed with the help of the ultrasonic image, and the continuity and variation characteristics inside the rock layer are integrated to adjust the sampling frequency and enhance the sampling adaptability; finally, according to the gray similarity characteristics of the ultrasonic image of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, the similar characteristics of the two adjacent sampling rock layers are analyzed, and the sampling frequency of the current core drilling is obtained in combination with the initial sampling frequency. The present invention analyzes the continuity characteristics of the rock mass in the real-time image, and combines the continuity characteristics of the rock mass in the ultrasonic image to obtain the sampling frequency of the current core drilling, effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of rock layer exploration, optimizes the utilization of sampling resources, and improves the overall effect of water conservancy project exploration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 A system block diagram of a sampling control system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A real-time image of a rock being drilled during a survey is provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 An ultrasonic image of a rock in a borehole during a survey is provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom layer area of ​​a borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of rock formation area division provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 An acoustic wave image is provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following is a detailed description of the specific implementation method, structure, features and effects of a drilling and sampling integrated device for water conservancy engineering exploration proposed by the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0041] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0042] The specific scheme of the integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy project exploration provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, a drilling rig and a matching drill bit are used to drill holes, a camera and an acoustic probe device are installed on the bottom hole device of the drill bit, real-time images and ultrasonic images of the current core drilling are obtained, the images are analyzed using a sampling control system, the current rock formation changes are obtained, the sampling frequency of the core drilling is adjusted, and finally the core drill bit and the core tube are used to collect cylindrical samples of underground rocks.

[0044] See also Figure 1 , which shows a system block diagram of a sampling control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, specifically comprising: an acquisition and preprocessing module 101, a stratification module 102, a rock formation change analysis module 103 and a sampling adjustment module 104.

[0045] The acquisition and preprocessing module 101 is used to obtain real-time images and ultrasonic images of the drilled rock during the survey process; perform edge detection on the real-time image; and obtain the rock mass smoothness coefficient of each edge line based on the length characteristics and change characteristics of each edge line.

[0046] See also Figure 2 , which shows a real-time image of a rock drilled during a survey process provided by an embodiment of the present invention; please refer to Figure 3 , which shows an ultrasonic image of a drilled rock during a survey process provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Since different rock layers are damaged differently by the drill bit, the edge lines in the holes formed by harder rock bodies are longer and smoother, while the softer rock bodies are broken more thoroughly, and the edge lines are shorter and rougher. Therefore, the smooth characteristics of the rock body can be reflected by the changing characteristics of the edge lines, and then the changes in the rock body types can be analyzed and the sampling frequency of core drilling can be adjusted. Therefore, edge detection is performed on the real-time image; the rock smoothness coefficient of each edge line is obtained according to the length characteristics and change characteristics of each edge line.

[0048] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the existing Canny edge detection algorithm is used to perform edge detection on the real-time image to obtain the edge line; considering that when the edge line is relatively straight and smooth, the change of the edge line is relatively gentle, and the extension direction of adjacent pixels on the edge line is relatively consistent, the normal direction is relatively similar at this time, and the edge continuity is stronger. The longer the length, the greater the hardness of the rock, and the smoother it is after being damaged by the drill bit. Based on this, in each edge line, according to the difference characteristics of the normal directions of all adjacent pixels, combined with the number of pixels of the edge line, the rock smoothness coefficient of each edge line is obtained; the difference characteristics of the normal directions of all adjacent pixels are negatively correlated with the rock smoothness coefficient; the number of pixels is positively correlated with the rock smoothness coefficient.

[0049] As an example, the calculation formula for the rock mass smoothness coefficient includes:

[0050] ;

[0051] Wherein, v represents the serial number of the edge line in the real-time image; represents the rock mass smoothness coefficient of the vth edge line; Indicates the number of pixels on the vth edge line; Indicates the sequence number of the pixel; Represents the angle value of the normal direction of the i-th pixel on the v-th edge line; Represents the angle value of the normal direction of the i-1th pixel on the vth edge line; Indicates the preset divide-by-zero positive parameter. In this example, ; Indicates taking the absolute value.

[0052] In the calculation formula of the rock mass smoothness coefficient, the difference characteristics of the normal direction of adjacent pixels are expressed by the absolute value of the difference, and the negative correlation mapping is performed by taking the reciprocal method to adjust the correlation relationship, thereby indicating the consistency of the extension direction of adjacent pixels and the change characteristics of the edge line. The smaller it is, the more consistent the normal direction is, the straighter the edge line is, which reflects that the rock mass is smoother and the rock mass smoothness coefficient is larger; The larger it is, the stronger the continuity of the edge line, the more incomplete the rock mass is broken, and the greater the rock mass smoothness coefficient.

[0053] It should be noted that, in one embodiment of the present invention, the lower left corner of the real-time image is taken as the origin of the coordinates, the real-time image is placed in a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, the positive direction of the horizontal axis is 0 degrees, and the unit of the angle in the normal direction is degree. In other embodiments of the present invention, the implementer can set other preset positive parameters divided by zero, set the angle unit to radians, and can also use other negative correlation mapping methods, such as using an exponential function with the natural constant e as the base. Perform negative correlation mapping, x represents the independent variable.

[0054] The stratification module 102 is used to determine the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole according to the grayscale characteristics of the pixel points in the real-time image; on the perpendicular line connecting the center of the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole and the edge of the real-time image, the connecting line is divided into a preset number of equal parts, and a circle is drawn in the real-time image with the center of the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole as the center of the circle and the distance between each equal division point and the center of the circle as the radius, and each circular ring is a layer of rock layer area.

[0055] Taking into account that there may be rock layer images of different depths in the same image, and the rock layer closer to the edge of the image is shallower, in order to facilitate a more detailed analysis of the changes in the rock layer, the image is divided into different rock layer areas; considering that the bottom layer of the borehole is the deepest and has the least light, the bottom layer of the borehole is located first, and different rock layer areas are divided from the bottom layer of the borehole to the surrounding areas. Since the borehole is usually circular, the vertical line connecting the center of the bottom layer of the borehole and the edge of the real-time image is divided into a preset number of parts. With the center of the bottom layer of the borehole as the center of the circle and the distance between each dividing point and the center of the circle as the radius, a circle is drawn in the real-time image, and each ring is regarded as a layer of rock layer area; this uniform inter-layer division can make the changes in the rock layer appear more clearly and accurately in the image, and can intuitively show the changes in the rock layer with depth, thereby accurately adjusting the acquisition frequency.

[0056] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, in the real-time image, the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole has the least illumination and the smallest grayscale value, so the real-time image is threshold segmented to obtain a binary image, and the largest connected domain with a pixel value of 0 in the binary image is taken as the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole.

[0057] As an example, use the OTSU algorithm to perform threshold segmentation on a real-time image and obtain a binary image. Figure 4 , which shows a schematic diagram of the bottom layer area of ​​a drilling provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] As an example, the line connecting the center point of the bottom layer of the borehole and the vertical line on the right side of the real-time image is divided into five equal parts, and the points are sorted from left to right based on the center point. Since the circle corresponding to the first equal point overlaps with most of the bottom layer of the borehole, and it is difficult to observe the direction of the edge line due to insufficient light, the bottom layer of the borehole is directly taken as the circle corresponding to the first equal point, and the circles corresponding to the second, third, fourth and fifth equal points are obtained in turn. The circular rings corresponding to the adjacent equal points are a layer of rock layer; please refer to Figure 5 , which shows a schematic diagram of rock formation area division provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 The center of is the bottom layer of the borehole, which is also the circle corresponding to the first equally divided point. From the inside to the outside, there are circles corresponding to the second equally divided point, the third equally divided point, the fourth equally divided point, and the fifth equally divided point.

[0059] It should be noted that the OTSU algorithm is already an existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0060] The rock formation variation analysis module 103 is used to sort according to the position of each circular ring and the center of the circle, and select any edge line in any rock formation area in the non-innermost circular ring as the target edge line; obtain the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient of the target edge line based on the morphological similarity between the target edge line and the nearest edge line in the adjacent inner rock formation area, and the similarity of the rock mass smoothness coefficient; obtain the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image based on the rock formation continuity sub-coefficients of all edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to analyze the changing characteristics of rock formations, each rock formation area is selected to be compared with the inner adjacent rock formation area, and the continuity characteristics of the rock formation are analyzed through the similar characteristics of the edge lines, and finally the rock formation fluctuation change coefficient is obtained, so it is used to sort according to the position of each circle and the center of the circle, and any edge line in any rock formation area that is not in the innermost circle is selected as the target edge line; considering that the more similar the shape of the target edge line and the nearest edge line in the adjacent inner rock formation area are, the more similar the rock smoothness coefficient is, the more similar the two edge lines are, and the stronger the continuity of the rock formation is, so according to the similarity of the shape of the target edge line and the nearest edge line in the adjacent inner rock formation area, and the similarity of the rock smoothness coefficient, the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient of the target edge line is obtained, which provides a basis for the subsequent comprehensive analysis of the rock formation fluctuation change characteristics by integrating all edge lines of each layer.

[0062] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the nearest edge line in the inner rock layer region adjacent to the target edge line is recorded as the target matching edge line;

[0063] Considering that the greater the DTW similarity of the two curves, the greater the morphological similarity of the two curves, reflecting that the continuity of the rock layer is stronger and the rock layer continuity sub-coefficient is larger; at the same time, the closer the distance between the two edge lines is, the stronger the continuity of the edge texture is, and the larger the rock layer continuity sub-coefficient is; considering that the rock mass smoothness coefficient represents the smoothness characteristics of the edge line, the rock mass continuity sub-coefficient is obtained by combining the similar characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient;

[0064] Based on this, the DTW similarity between the target edge line and the target matching edge line, as well as the minimum distance between the endpoints of the target edge line and the target matching edge line are obtained; the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient of the target edge line is obtained according to the similarity characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient between the target edge line and the target matching edge line, the DTW similarity and the minimum distance; the similarity characteristics of the body smoothness coefficient and the DTW similarity are both positively correlated with the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient; the minimum distance is negatively correlated with the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient.

[0065] As an example, the calculation formula of the rock formation continuum coefficient includes:

[0066] ;

[0067] Wherein, u represents the serial number of the edge line in the real-time image; represents the rock mass smoothness coefficient of the uth target edge line; The rock formation continuity coefficient representing the vth target edge line; The DTW similarity between the u-th target edge line and the target matching edge line; The rock mass smoothness coefficient of the target matching edge line of the vth target edge line; Indicates taking the absolute value; Indicates the minimum distance between the target edge line endpoint and the target matching edge line endpoint; Indicates the preset divide-by-zero positive parameter. In this example, .

[0068] In the calculation formula of the rock formation continuum coefficient, the distance between the target edge line endpoint and the target matching edge line endpoint is measured by the Euclidean distance to obtain the minimum distance; The larger it is, the greater the morphological similarity of the two curves is, reflecting that the continuity of the rock formation is stronger and the rock formation continuity coefficient is larger; The smaller it is, the closer the distance between the two edge lines is, which means that the continuity of the edge texture is stronger and the rock layer continuity coefficient is larger. The difference characteristics of the rock smoothness coefficient between the target edge line and the target matching edge line are expressed by the absolute value of the difference, and then the negative correlation mapping is performed by taking the inverse, which indicates the similar characteristics of the rock smoothness coefficient between the target edge line and the target matching edge line. The smaller it is, the more similar the rock smoothness coefficients of the target edge line and the target matching edge line are, the more likely they are to belong to the same rock formation, and the larger the rock formation continuity coefficient is.

[0069] It should be noted that the coordinates of the pixel points in the target edge line and the target matching edge line are respectively formed into corresponding coordinate point sets, and then the DTW similarity is obtained. The method of obtaining the DTW similarity is a technical means well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here. In other embodiments of the present invention, the implementer may also use The function performs negative correlation mapping, and can also obtain Manhattan distance and other methods to replace DTW similarity, such as obtaining the Manhattan distance of the pixel points in the target edge line and the target matching edge line, and the ratio of the Manhattan distance to the total number of pixel points in the target edge line and the target matching edge line, using After the function is negatively correlated, it is used as Manhattan similarity.

[0070] In another embodiment of the present invention, the implementer may also sort the pixel points in the target edge line in a clockwise direction, and use the sorting number and the two-dimensional coordinates of the pixel points to form the three-dimensional coordinates of the pixel points, and obtain the three-dimensional coordinate point set of the target edge line. Similarly, obtain the three-dimensional coordinate point set of the pixel points in the target matching edge line, and obtain the DTW similarity of the two three-dimensional coordinate point sets.

[0071] It should be noted that, in one embodiment of the present invention, for an edge line crossing a multi-layer rock formation area, the rock formation with the most pixel points on the edge line is taken as the rock formation to which this pixel point belongs; in other embodiments of the present invention, the implementer may also ignore the edge line crossing a multi-layer rock formation area; and the edge line may also be segmented on the boundary line of the rock formation area, i.e., a circular ring.

[0072] After analyzing all target edge lines and obtaining the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient, the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient of all edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area can be used to integrate the rock formation continuity characteristics of the entire rock formation area, obtain the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image, characterize the change and fluctuation characteristics of the current rock formation, and provide a basis for the final adjustment of the sampling frequency, making the exploration process more targeted and adaptable, and being able to more efficiently and accurately reflect the actual situation of the geological layer structure, thereby improving the reliability and scientific nature of the exploration results.

[0073] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the negative correlation mapping value of the sum of the rock formation continuity sub-coefficients of all edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area is used as the rock formation variation coefficient of each non-innermost rock formation area; the rock formation continuity characteristics of each non-innermost rock formation area are represented by the sum value, and the rock formation variation characteristics of each non-innermost rock formation area are represented by the negative correlation mapping;

[0074] Considering that the maximum rock formation variation coefficient represents the extreme value of the rock formation variation in the current real-time image and fully characterizes the variation characteristics of the rock formation, the normalized result of the maximum rock formation variation coefficient is used as the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image.

[0075] As an example, by Function for negative correlation mapping; using The function is normalized, wherein the normalized element set is all the rock formation variation coefficients of the current real-time image. In other embodiments of the present invention, negative correlation mapping can also be performed by taking the inverse, or the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient can be obtained by using the maximum and minimum value normalization method based on the rock formation variation coefficient in the historical image.

[0076] The sampling adjustment module 104 is used to obtain the initial sampling frequency of the current rock layer according to the grayscale distribution characteristics in the ultrasonic image, combined with the rock layer fluctuation change coefficient and the preset sampling frequency; and obtain the sampling frequency of the current core drilling according to the grayscale similarity characteristics of the ultrasonic images of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, combined with the initial sampling frequency.

[0077] The grayscale distribution characteristics of ultrasonic images can reflect the density and uniformity of rock formations. By analyzing the grayscale distribution, the structural complexity and physical properties of the rock formations can be determined, providing a basis for sampling. The rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient reflects the continuity and variation characteristics inside the rock formation. Therefore, based on the grayscale distribution characteristics in the ultrasonic image, combined with the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient and the preset sampling frequency, the initial sampling frequency of the current rock formation is obtained, and the sampling frequency is dynamically adjusted according to the grayscale distribution and fluctuation changes to enhance the sampling adaptability.

[0078] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that the rock layer involved in the ultrasonic image is relatively large, the acoustic wave image of the current depth range is intercepted in the ultrasonic image to accurately analyze the range. Figure 6 , which shows an acoustic wave image provided by an embodiment of the present invention; considering that the grayscale histogram can intuitively and quantitatively reflect the grayscale distribution characteristics of the rock formation in the current depth range, the more violent the grayscale fluctuation is, the worse the consistency of the rock formation is, and the more the rock formation types change, so the grayscale distribution histogram of the acoustic wave image is obtained, and the grayscale distribution histogram is used to analyze the violent grayscale fluctuation characteristics of the acoustic wave image to obtain the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation; the violent grayscale fluctuation characteristics are positively correlated with the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation;

[0079] The initial sampling frequency of the current rock formation is obtained according to the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient, the preset sampling frequency and the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient; the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient, the preset sampling frequency and the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient are all positively correlated with the initial sampling frequency.

[0080] As an example, the calculation formula for the initial sampling frequency includes:

[0081] ;

[0082] in, represents the initial sampling frequency; Indicates the preset sampling frequency; express Normalization function; It represents the coefficient of variation of rock formation fluctuation; Represents the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer.

[0083] In the calculation formula of the initial sampling frequency, the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient is supplemented and corrected by the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient. In this way, the changing characteristics of the rock formation in the real-time image and the acoustic wave image are integrated to jointly adjust the initial sampling frequency, while limiting the adjustment range of the initial sampling frequency. Normalization is performed and the maximum value of K is limited to 2k.

[0084] Among them, in one embodiment of the present invention, , every 10 meters is a sampling rock layer, 5 equally spaced samplings are performed every 10 meters, and K is updated once every 10 meters. The range corresponding to the acoustic wave image is also the depth range of each sampling rock layer. Function for the current When normalizing, the element set is the last three updates of K. In other embodiments of the present invention, the implementer can update K based on the history Using linear normalization, the current Perform linear normalization.

[0085] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is considered that the larger the grayscale range is, the larger the grayscale range of the rock layer pixels is, the less concentrated the grayscale is, the more possible rock layer types are, the more violent the grayscale fluctuation is, and the larger the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer is; at the same time, it is considered that the larger the variance of the number of grayscale pixels is, the more chaotic the grayscale distribution is, the more violent the grayscale fluctuation is, the greater the rock layer changes, and the larger the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer is, so the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer is obtained according to the grayscale range and the variance of the number of grayscale pixels in the grayscale distribution histogram; the grayscale range and the variance of the number of grayscale pixels are both positively correlated with the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer.

[0086] As an example, positive correlation mapping is performed by multiplication, and the product of the gray level range and the variance of the number of gray level pixels is used as the gray level variation coefficient of the rock formation.

[0087] In other embodiments of the present invention, positive correlation mapping can also be performed by addition, such as taking the sum of the grayscale range and the variance of the number of grayscale pixels as the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation; the chaotic characteristics of the grayscale distribution can also be expressed by the average absolute deviation of the number of grayscale pixels. The average absolute deviation, the more chaotic the grayscale distribution, the more drastic the grayscale fluctuation, the variance can be replaced to obtain the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present invention, it is also considered that when the ultrasonic images of adjacent sampling rock formations are similar, it indicates that the rock mass is relatively consistent, which can also be used as a basis for adjusting the sampling frequency. Therefore, the sampling frequency of the current core drilling is obtained based on the grayscale similarity characteristics of the ultrasonic images of the current sampling rock formation and the historical adjacent sampling rock formation, combined with the initial sampling frequency, which can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of rock formation exploration, optimize the utilization of sampling resources, and improve the overall effect of water conservancy project exploration.

[0089] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, every 10 meters is used as a sampling rock layer;

[0090] The grayscale variation coefficient of rock layers characterizes the grayscale variation characteristics of the acoustic wave image. The more similar the grayscale variation coefficients of rock layers are, the more likely they are to belong to the same type of rock layers, and the smaller the sampling frequency needs to be to improve the sampling efficiency. At the same time, the closer the grayscale peaks of adjacent rock layers are, the more similar the physical properties of these rock layers are, which further indicates that they may belong to the same rock mass, and the smaller the sampling frequency is.

[0091] Based on this, the possible coefficient of the same rock mass is obtained according to the similar characteristics of the grayscale variation coefficient of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, combined with the similar characteristics of the grayscale peak corresponding to the grayscale level in the grayscale distribution histogram; the similar characteristics of the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer and the similar characteristics of the grayscale level are positively correlated with the possible coefficient of the same rock mass;

[0092] According to the same rock mass possibility coefficient and the initial sampling frequency, the sampling frequency of the current core drilling is obtained; the same rock mass possibility coefficient is negatively correlated with the current core drilling sampling frequency; the initial sampling frequency is positively correlated with the current core drilling sampling frequency.

[0093] As an example, the negative correlation of the possible coefficients of the same rock mass is mapped and normalized, and the product of the result and the initial sampling frequency is used as the sampling frequency of the current core drilling. The calculation formula of the sampling frequency of the current core drilling includes:

[0094] ;

[0095] in, represents the initial sampling frequency; Indicates the sampling frequency of the current core drilling; express Normalization function; Indicates the possible coefficient of the same rock mass; Indicates the preset control parameters. , in this example ; Indicates rounding up.

[0096] In the current calculation formula of the sampling frequency of core drilling, The negative correlation mapping of the possibility coefficient of the same rock mass is obtained in this way and the result is normalized; the larger the possibility coefficient of the same rock mass is, the more likely it is that the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer belong to the same type of rock layer, the less the need for sampling, and the lower the sampling frequency, so as to improve the sampling efficiency.

[0097] It should be noted that Function for the current When normalizing, the element set is the last three updates of K. In other embodiments of the present invention, the implementer may also The function performs negative correlation mapping and normalization.

[0098] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the possible coefficient of the same rock mass includes:

[0099] ;

[0100] in, Indicates the possible coefficient of the same rock mass; Indicates the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient of the current sampling rock formation; Represents the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient of the historical adjacent sampling rock formations of the current sampling rock formation; The gray level corresponding to the gray level peak in the gray distribution histogram of the acoustic wave image of the current sampling rock formation; Indicates the historical adjacent sampling rock layers of the current sampling rock layer, the grayscale peak in the grayscale distribution histogram of the acoustic wave image corresponds to the grayscale level; Indicates the preset divide-by-zero positive parameter. In this example, .

[0101] In the calculation formula of the possible coefficient of the same rock mass, the difference characteristics between the data are expressed by the absolute value of the difference, and the similar characteristics of the grayscale variation coefficient of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, and the similar characteristics of the grayscale peak corresponding to the grayscale level in the grayscale distribution histogram are expressed by taking the reciprocal. The more similar the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer, the more likely it is that they belong to the same type of rock layer, and the larger the possible coefficient of the same rock mass. At the same time, the closer the grayscale peak values ​​of adjacent rock layers are, the more similar the physical properties of these rock layers are, which further indicates that they may belong to the same rock mass, and the larger the possible coefficient of the same rock mass.

[0102] In summary, in response to the technical problem of inappropriate sampling frequency in water conservancy project exploration, the present invention provides an integrated drilling and sampling device for water conservancy project exploration. The present invention first obtains the real-time image and ultrasonic image of the drilled rock during the survey process, and performs edge detection on the real-time image to obtain the rock mass smoothness coefficient of each edge line; further divides the real-time image to obtain each layer of rock formation area; further obtains the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image according to the morphological similarity characteristics and rock mass smoothness coefficient similarity characteristics of all edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area and the adjacent inner edge lines; further obtains the sampling frequency of the current core drilling according to the grayscale distribution characteristics in the ultrasonic image, the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient and the preset sampling frequency, and the grayscale similarity characteristics of the ultrasonic image of the current sampling rock formation and the historical adjacent sampling rock formation. The present invention analyzes the continuity characteristics of the rock mass in the real-time image, and at the same time combines the continuity characteristics of the rock mass in the ultrasonic image to obtain the sampling frequency of the current core drilling, effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of rock formation exploration, optimizes the utilization of sampling resources, and improves the overall effect of water conservancy project exploration.

[0103] It should be noted that the sequence of the above embodiments of the present invention is only for description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0104] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A drilling and sampling integrated device for water conservancy project exploration, comprising a device body, characterized in that: It also includes a sampling control system for adjusting the sampling frequency of core drilling; the sampling control system includes a collection and preprocessing module, a stratification module, a rock formation change analysis module, and a sampling adjustment module; The acquisition and preprocessing module is used to obtain real-time images and ultrasonic images of the drilled rock during the survey; Performing edge detection on the real-time image; obtaining the rock mass smoothness coefficient of each edge line according to the length characteristics and change characteristics of each edge line; A stratification module is used to determine the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole according to the grayscale characteristics of the pixel points in the real-time image; on the perpendicular line connecting the center of the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole and the edge of the real-time image, the connecting line is equally divided into a preset number of parts, and a circle is drawn in the real-time image with the center of the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole as the center of the circle and the distance between each equally divided point and the center of the circle as the radius, and each circular ring is used as a layer of rock layer area; The rock formation variation analysis module is used to sort according to the position of each circle ring and the center of the circle, select any edge line in any rock formation area in the non-innermost circle ring as the target edge line; obtain the rock formation continuity sub-coefficient of the target edge line according to the morphological similarity characteristics between the target edge line and the nearest edge line in the adjacent inner rock formation area, and the similarity characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient; obtain the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image according to the rock formation continuity sub-coefficients of all the edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area; A sampling adjustment module is used to obtain the initial sampling frequency of the current rock layer according to the grayscale distribution characteristics in the ultrasonic image, combined with the rock layer fluctuation variation coefficient and the preset sampling frequency; according to the grayscale similarity characteristics of the ultrasonic images of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, combined with the initial sampling frequency, to obtain the sampling frequency of the current core drilling; The method for obtaining the rock formation continuum coefficient includes: Recording the nearest edge line in the inner rock layer area adjacent to the target edge line as the target matching edge line; Obtaining the DTW similarity between the target edge line and the target matching edge line, and the minimum distance between the endpoint of the target edge line and the endpoint of the target matching edge line; obtaining the rock formation continuous sub-coefficient of the target edge line according to the similarity characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient between the target edge line and the target matching edge line, the DTW similarity and the minimum distance; the similarity characteristics of the rock mass smoothness coefficient and the DTW similarity are both positively correlated with the rock formation continuous sub-coefficient; the minimum distance is negatively correlated with the rock formation continuous sub-coefficient; The method for obtaining the rock mass smoothness coefficient includes: In each of the edge lines, the rock smoothness coefficient of each edge line is obtained based on the difference characteristics of the normal directions of all adjacent pixel points combined with the number of pixel points of the edge line; the difference characteristics of the normal directions of all adjacent pixel points are negatively correlated with the rock smoothness coefficient; the number of pixel points is positively correlated with the rock smoothness coefficient.

2. The integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy engineering exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for obtaining the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient includes: The negative correlation mapping value of the sum of the rock formation continuous sub-coefficients of all the edge lines in each non-innermost rock formation area is used as the rock formation variation coefficient of each non-innermost rock formation area; The normalized result of the maximum rock formation variation coefficient is used as the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient of the real-time image.

3. The integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy engineering exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for obtaining the initial sampling frequency includes: Intercepting the acoustic wave image of the current depth range in the ultrasonic image; obtaining a grayscale distribution histogram of the acoustic wave image, analyzing the grayscale fluctuation characteristics of the acoustic wave image using the grayscale distribution histogram, and obtaining the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation; the grayscale fluctuation characteristics are positively correlated with the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation; The initial sampling frequency of the current rock formation is obtained according to the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient, the preset sampling frequency and the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient; the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient, the preset sampling frequency and the rock formation fluctuation variation coefficient are all positively correlated with the initial sampling frequency.

4. The integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy engineering exploration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The method for obtaining the rock formation grayscale variation coefficient includes: The grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation is obtained according to the grayscale range and the variance of the number of grayscale pixels in the grayscale distribution histogram; the grayscale range and the variance of the number of grayscale pixels are both positively correlated with the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock formation.

5. The integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy engineering exploration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The method for obtaining the sampling frequency of the current core drilling includes: According to the similar characteristics of the grayscale variation coefficient of the current sampling rock layer and the historical adjacent sampling rock layer, combined with the similar characteristics of the grayscale level corresponding to the grayscale peak in the grayscale distribution histogram, the possible coefficient of the same rock mass is obtained; the similar characteristics of the grayscale variation coefficient of the rock layer and the similar characteristics of the grayscale level are both positively correlated with the possible coefficient of the same rock mass; According to the same rock mass possible coefficient and the initial sampling frequency, the sampling frequency of the current core drilling is obtained; the same rock mass possible coefficient is negatively correlated with the sampling frequency of the current core drilling; the initial sampling frequency is positively correlated with the sampling frequency of the current core drilling.

6. The integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy engineering exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the sampling frequency of current core drilling according to the same rock mass possible coefficient and the initial sampling frequency includes: The product of the negative correlation mapping and normalization result of the possible coefficients of the same rock mass and the initial sampling frequency is used as the sampling frequency of the current core drilling.

7. The integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy engineering exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for obtaining the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole comprises: Threshold segmentation is performed on the real-time image to obtain a binary image, and the largest connected domain with a pixel value of 0 in the binary image is used as the bottom layer area of ​​the borehole.

8. The integrated drilling and sampling equipment for water conservancy engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The algorithm used for the edge detection is the Canny edge detection algorithm.

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