Sorting method and system for superfine mineral fine silt

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mineral sorting and processing, in particular to a sorting method and system for superfine mineral fine silt. The sorting method for the superfine mineral fine silt comprises the steps that the mineral fine silt is subjected to size mixing treatment and mineral surface modification treatment, and mineral modified slurry is obtained; carrying out mineralization, collection and separation on the mineral modified slurry to obtain rough concentrate pulp and tailings; the rough concentrate pulp is mineralized again, collected and separated to obtain concentrate and final tailings; defoaming and concentrating before the rough concentrate pulp is mineralized, collected and separated again to obtain concentrated rough concentrate pulp; and the concentrated rough concentrate pulp is mineralized again, collected and separated to obtain concentrate and final tailings. According to the method, a strategy of collapsing the three-phase mineralized foam of the superfine mineral particles and reconstructing floating is provided, so that the stability of the multi-stage mineralized foam of the fine silt mineral is improved, the particle size limit of effective separation and processing of the micro-fine mineral is widened, and effective recovery of valuable metals in the superfine mineral fine silt is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation and processing, and in particular to a method and system for separating ultrafine mineral mud. Background Art

[0002] At present, after spodumene ore is ground and dissociated, the yield of mineral fine mud produced by physical desludging is concentrated in 8%-15%, and the particle size is generally less than 20μm. The content of Li2O in the mineral fine mud is basically equivalent to or only slightly lower than that of the original ore, and is usually discarded with the tailings, resulting in the loss of valuable metals in the mineral fine mud.

[0003] The generation of mineral fine mud is mainly limited by the particle size distribution of the target mineral and its symbiotic relationship with the gangue minerals. Especially when the lithium-containing minerals are fine or micro-fine and have a close and complex relationship with the gangue minerals, more mineral fine mud is generated by physical mechanical force crushing and dissociation, and the problem of lithium metal loss with desludging is more prominent. Secondly, the mineral crushing and dissociation are easily affected by the difference in hardness of different minerals, which makes the particle size of different minerals in the same ore crushing process different, and also makes some lithium-containing minerals over-crushed and lost with fine mud minerals. Because the particle size of mineral fine mud is small (≤20μm), the specific surface area of ​​mineral particles is large, and the reaction activity is high. The physical and chemical properties of the target minerals and gangue minerals in the fine mud are obviously similar, especially the surface properties, making it difficult for existing gravity separation-magnetic separation-flotation and other technologies to achieve selective enrichment of lithium minerals from mineral fine mud. Based on this, how to effectively recover valuable metals from ultra-fine mineral fine mud is one of the common problems in mineral resource processing. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect of the prior art that it is difficult to effectively recover valuable metals from ultrafine mineral mud, thereby providing a method and system for sorting ultrafine mineral mud to solve the above problem.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for sorting ultrafine mineral mud comprises: performing slurry adjustment treatment on the mineral mud and performing mineral surface modification treatment on the mineral surface to obtain mineral modified slurry; performing mineral modified slurry mineralization, capture and separation to obtain coarse concentrate slurry and tailings; performing re-mineralization, capture and separation on the coarse concentrate slurry to obtain concentrate and final tailings; performing defoaming and concentration on the coarse concentrate slurry before performing re-mineralization, capture and separation to obtain concentrated coarse concentrate slurry; and obtaining concentrate and final tailings by performing re-mineralization, capture and separation on the concentrated coarse concentrate slurry.

[0007] Preferably, the process of using the mineral modified slurry for mineralization capture and separation is: adding a collector to the mineral modified slurry for mineralization treatment, and flotation separation of the mineralized slurry to obtain coarse concentrate and tailings;

[0008] And / or, the mineral surface modification treatment is: adding a dispersing regulator, a high OH - Specifically, first add the dispersion regulator and stir for 2-6 minutes, then add the high OH - The active adjuster is stirred for 2-20 minutes, and finally the metal ion activator is added and stirred for 2-6 minutes;

[0009] Preferably, the dispersion regulator is carbonate and / or lignin sulfonate;

[0010] and / or, the high OH - The active adjusting agent is sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide;

[0011] And / or, the metal ion activator is at least one of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and ferric chloride;

[0012] and / or, based on the dry ore of the feed, the amount of the dispersion regulator is 100-8000 g / t;

[0013] and / or, based on the dry ore of the feed, the high OH - The dosage of active regulator is 100-1000g / t;

[0014] and / or, based on the dry ore of the feed material, the amount of the metal ion activator is 50-500 g / t;

[0015] And / or, the flotation separation process includes: aerating the mineralized pulp to quickly form a gas-liquid-solid three-phase mineralized foam and performing rapid roughing and scavenging to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings. The rapid roughing and scavenging of the present invention are carried out in a shallow trough flotation machine or a jet flotation machine to adjust process conditions such as flotation time, flotation liquid level, and aeration volume. The operation process condition control is selected according to actual needs to achieve rapid floating separation of lithium minerals and gangue minerals through roughing-scavenging operations.

[0016] Preferably, the carbonate includes sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and ammonium carbonate;

[0017] And / or, the lignin sulfonate includes sodium lignin sulfonate, potassium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate, ammonium lignin sulfonate;

[0018] And / or, the rough selection is performed 1-2 times;

[0019] And / or, the time for each stage of rough selection is 2-10 minutes;

[0020] And / or, the scanning is performed 1-2 times;

[0021] And / or, the time for each scanning operation is 2-10 minutes.

[0022] Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the mineral modified slurry is 15-35%;

[0023] And / or, the collector is an anionic collector, preferably at least one of a fatty acid collector, an organic sulfonic acid collector, an organic sulfuric acid collector, a hydroxamic acid collector, and an organic phosphonic acid collector;

[0024] And / or, based on the dry ore of the feed, the amount of the collector is 200-4000 g / t.

[0025] Preferably, the fatty acid collector includes oxidized paraffin soap, oleic acid, sodium oleate, tall oil, naphthenic acid soap, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linoleic acid, sodium stearate;

[0026] And / or, the organic sulfonic acid collector includes sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl sulfonate, and sodium petroleum sulfonate;

[0027] And / or, the organic sulfuric acid collector includes sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium hexadecyl sulfate;

[0028] And / or, the hydroxamic acid collector includes alkyl hydroxamic acid, benzohydroxamic acid, salicylic hydroxamic acid;

[0029] And / or, the organic phosphonic acid collector includes styrenephosphonic acid, α-hydroxy(carbocyanine)phosphonic acid, (1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl)-butylphosphonic acid, and toluenephosphonic acid.

[0030] Preferably, the defoaming and concentration comprises electric perturbation defoaming and concentration and / or ultrasonic defoaming and concentration;

[0031] And / or, the defoaming and concentration time is 2-10min;

[0032] And / or, the mass percentage concentration of the concentrated coarse concentrate slurry is 25-45%.

[0033] Preferably, the process of electric disturbance defoaming and concentration comprises: pumping the coarse concentrate into a dielectrophoresis device and forming a tangential jet to collapse the foam, and applying voltage to form electrophoresis to rapidly settle and concentrate the mineral particles;

[0034] And / or, the ultrasonic defoaming and concentrating process includes: ultrasonic defoaming the coarse concentrate, and then standing and concentrating.

[0035] The present invention also provides a system for sorting ultrafine spodumene mineral fine mud, comprising a dispersing and slurry adjusting mechanism, a surface selective dissolution and modification mechanism, a surface activation and slurry adjusting mechanism, a first capture and mineralization mechanism, a rapid rough flotation mechanism, a defoaming mechanism, a concentration mechanism, a second capture and mineralization mechanism and a concentration and re-purification mechanism which are connected in sequence.

[0036] Preferably, the defoaming mechanism comprises a jet defoaming mechanism or an ultrasonic defoaming mechanism, preferably a jet defoaming mechanism;

[0037] And / or, the concentration mechanism includes an electric disturbance concentration mechanism and a static concentration mechanism, preferably an electric disturbance concentration mechanism;

[0038] And / or, the first capture mineralization mechanism is also connected to a scavenging, collecting and tailings discarding mechanism;

[0039] And / or, the second capture and mineralization mechanism is also connected to a fine sweeping and ore collection and tailings discarding mechanism;

[0040] And / or, the concentrating mechanism is also directly connected to the dispersing and slurry mixing mechanism through a return water pipeline.

[0041] The method and system for separating ultrafine mineral mud of the present invention are not limited to the recovery of lithium metal from spodumene mineral mud. The flotation process and reagent system can be changed, and the metal recovery from other types of oxide minerals (such as cassiterite, fluorocarbon cerium rare earth, fluorite, beryl, etc.) and sulfide minerals by physical desludging is also well adaptable.

[0042] In the present invention, the amount of collector is adjusted according to actual conditions in the scavenging and fine scavenging operations and the re-mineralization collection and separation roughing operations. Generally, the amount of collector is 50-1000 g / t.

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0044] 1. A method for sorting ultrafine mineral mud, comprising: performing slurry adjustment treatment on the mineral mud and mineral surface modification treatment to obtain mineral modified slurry; using the mineral modified slurry to perform mineralization, capture and separation to obtain coarse concentrate slurry and tailings; re-mineralizing, capturing and separating the coarse concentrate slurry to obtain concentrate and final tailings; before re-mineralizing, capturing and separating the coarse concentrate slurry, defoaming and concentrating the coarse concentrate slurry to obtain concentrated coarse concentrate slurry; and re-mineralizing, capturing and separating the concentrated coarse concentrate slurry to obtain concentrate and final tailings. In view of the problem that existing sorting and processing technologies are relatively non-selective for ultrafine (≤20μm) mineral particles and it is difficult to effectively and selectively enrich and recover valuable metals from fine mud minerals, the present invention proposes a strategy for the collapse and reconstruction of the three-phase mineralization foam of ultrafine mineral particles to break through the regulation of the stable behavior of the mineralization foam in the flotation process of fine mud minerals; specifically, the dilute concentration of the roughing foam product is first collapsed, and then settled to be effectively concentrated, and then the collector is simultaneously contacted with the collector to collect the mineral, thereby improving the stability of the multi-stage mineralization foam of the fine mud mineral, and improving the high-selective separation efficiency of the target metal and gangue minerals in the fine mud mineral, thereby broadening the particle size limit for effective sorting and processing of micro-fine minerals, improving the recovery rate of the target metal in the ultrafine mineral fine mud, obtaining high-quality concentrate products, and increasing the economic benefits of the enterprise.

[0045] 2. In the ultra-fine mineral mud separation method of the present invention, the present invention sequentially adds a dispersing regulator, a high OH - The modification treatment is carried out by the activity regulator and the metal ion activator, the function of which is to adjust the surface properties of fine mud minerals and gangue minerals, strengthen the difference in mineral surface properties, and make the separation of ultrafine metal minerals relatively selective.

[0046] 3. In the method for separating ultrafine mineral mud of the present invention, the present invention adopts a type of anionic collector with fast flotation and excellent selectivity to quickly capture the target mineral and float it to a foam product, while raising the relative selectivity of the collector, making it easier to desorb the charge competition in the subsequent concentration operation, so that the fine mud mineral foam loaded by the collector is easily broken by electrostatic disturbance and quickly settled and concentrated. The flotation method is used for roughing, which is also to selectively give out the target mineral particles as quickly as possible, reduce the gangue from entering the concentration operation, avoid negative impact on flotation, and obtain the target mineral foam coarse concentrate product as quickly as possible to the greatest extent.

[0047] 4. In the method for separating ultrafine mineral mud of the present invention, the method of electric perturbation defoaming and concentration can promote the directional migration of mineral particles after defoaming of the three-phase mineralized foam (coarse concentrate-collector-bubble) and achieve the concentration effect, while simultaneously solving the problem of negatively affecting the selectivity of selected mineral separation due to foam stickiness, thereby further improving the selectivity of mineral separation.

[0048] 5. In the method for separating ultrafine mineral mud of the present invention, a process flow of segmented flotation and segmented tailings disposal is adopted to reduce the potential accumulation of medium ore products in the system process and improve the adaptability of the overall system. Specifically, tailings 1 are discharged after roughing and scavenging of the raw materials, and then the concentrate obtained from the roughing is selected and separated. After the selected tailings in the selection operation section are subjected to fine scavenging, a tailing 2 is obtained; after the tailings 1 + tailings 2 are combined, they are discarded as the total tailings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the sorting system of ultrafine spodumene mineral mud in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 11-dispersion and slurry adjustment mechanism, 12-surface selective dissolution and modification mechanism, 13-surface activation and slurry adjustment mechanism, 21-first capture and mineralization mechanism, 31-rapid rough flotation mechanism, 32-scavenging, ore collection and tailings discarding mechanism, 41-jet defoaming mechanism, 42-electric disturbance concentration mechanism, 51-second capture and mineralization mechanism, 52-concentration and re-purification mechanism, 53-fine scavenging and tailings discarding mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the best mode of implementation, nor to limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior arts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0053] If no specific experimental steps or conditions are specified in the examples, the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the literature in the field can be used. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained commercially.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] A low-grade spodumene mine in Xinjiang has a Li2O content of 0.75% in its raw ore. Fine-grained spodumene minerals account for a large proportion and are closely associated with gangue minerals. Secondly, some lithium-containing minerals are easily muddied when ground, and 70% of them are ground to -0.074mm. When desludging with a hydrocyclone, the yield of fine mud products desludging by the hydrocyclone reaches 15%-18%, and the content of mineral particles of -0.020mm particle size in the fine mud minerals accounts for ≥99.3%. The lithium-containing minerals in the fine mud products are mainly spodumene, lithium aluminum phosphate, lithium mica, etc. The median diameter D50 of the mineral particles is 7.5μm, and the Li2O content is 0.72% on average. Compared with the raw ore, the proportion / loss rate of lithium in the fine mud desludging by the cyclone is 13%-16%; the fine mud mineral is an ultrafine (≤20μm) spodumene-containing mineral raw material, and it is difficult to effectively recover lithium metal in the fine mud with existing technology and processes.

[0056] In this regard, this embodiment provides a system for separating ultra-fine mineral mud, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a dispersed pulping mechanism 11, a surface selective dissolution modification mechanism 12, a surface activated pulping mechanism 13, a first capture mineralization mechanism 21, a rapid rough flotation mechanism 31, a jet defoaming mechanism 41, an electric disturbance concentration mechanism 42, a second capture mineralization mechanism 51 and a concentration re-purification mechanism 52 connected in sequence. Among them, the electric disturbance concentration mechanism 42 is connected to the dispersed pulping mechanism 11 through a return water pipeline to realize the return water utilization. The first capture mineralization mechanism 21 and the second capture mineralization mechanism 51 are respectively connected to the scavenging and collecting ore and tailings discarding mechanism 32 and the fine scavenging and collecting ore and tailings discarding mechanism 53 for scavenging and tailings discarding.

[0057] The specific steps of fine mud separation using the above-mentioned separation system are as follows:

[0058] 1) Preparation for mineral surface slurry modification: The mineral fine mud material is introduced into the mixing barrel of the dispersing slurry modification mechanism 11, and the slurry is configured to be a 20% solution slurry, and 3000g / t sodium carbonate is added as a dispersing regulator of fine mud mineral particles relative to the feed dry ore (the same below), and the slurry is stirred for 3 minutes to disperse the slurry; then, it is introduced into the mixing barrel of the surface selective dissolution modification mechanism 12 and 400g / t sodium hydroxide is added as a high OH - The active adjuster is stirred and slurried for 5 minutes to increase the dissolution selectivity between the spodumene mineral surface and the gangue mineral surface and improve the difference in mineral surface properties; then, it is introduced into the stirring barrel in the surface activation slurry mixing mechanism 13 and 100g / t of calcium chloride is added as a metal ion activator, and the slurry is stirred and slurried for 3 minutes, so that the alkali scrubbing and dissolution surface adsorbs metal ions and is activated, and the slurry is modified and activated by the lithium-containing mineral surface.

[0059] 2) Mineral capture and roughing mineralization: The slurry obtained in step 1) is introduced into the first capture and mineralization mechanism 21, and a highly hydrolyzed and highly segregated mixed anion collector combination of oxidized paraffin soap (731) + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate = 600 + 300 + 100 g / t is added. The capture and mineralization stirring and slurry mixing time is 3 minutes to obtain a mineralized slurry; wherein the collector combination used is conducive to the selective mineralization adsorption of lithium-containing minerals, forming a relatively stable roughing mineralization foam, and aerating it to quickly form a three-phase mineralization foam, thereby promoting the rapid rough flotation of fine mud minerals.

[0060] 3) Control of mineral roughing-scavenging rapid flotation process: The mineralized slurry obtained in step 2) is introduced into a short tank flotation machine with rapid flotation function in the rapid rough flotation mechanism 31 for a roughing operation, and the rapid roughing of fine mud minerals is accelerated by aeration. The separation time of the rapid rough flotation is 2 minutes, and a roughing concentrate foam with a mass concentration of 12% is obtained. The slurry at the bottom of the tank is introduced into the scavenging collection and tailings discarding mechanism 32, and a combination of oxidized paraffin soap, sodium oleate and sodium dodecyl sulfate in an amount of 180+90+30 g / t relative to the original feed dry ore is added for scavenging operation. The scavenging operation time is 4 minutes. The foam product obtained by scavenging is returned to the rough flotation operation, and the tailings obtained are the sorting tailings 1.

[0061] 4) Jet defoaming of coarse concentrate - synchronous electric disturbance concentration control: After the coarse concentrate foam obtained in step 3) is collected in the jet defoaming mechanism 41, a pressure flow is formed by pumping, and introduced into the electric disturbance concentration mechanism 42 through a discharge port equipped with a 0.3mm conductive titanium wire mesh. The titanium wire mesh electrode is subjected to an external positive voltage to compete with the anion collector on the mineralized foam of the coarse concentrate to enhance the degassing and defoaming effects. In this process, the synergistic defoaming method of jet disturbance and electric disturbance is adopted to enhance the defoaming of the coarse concentrate foam product; In the first step, the cathode of the electric disturbance is arranged below the defoaming and concentrating tank. The fine mineral particles after defoaming move toward the bottom of the tank in a direction due to the electric disturbance, and the supernatant at the top of the electric disturbance tank is discharged from the tank body by drainage. After being treated with electric disturbance for 3 minutes, a coarse concentrate slurry concentrated 2.5 times relative to the coarse concentrate foam is obtained, and a 30% concentrated coarse concentrate solution is obtained. In addition, the supernatant discharged by drainage is returned to the dispersion slurry adjusting mechanism 11, thereby achieving the purpose of one-step defoaming and electric disturbance concentration of the dilute coarse concentrate foam.

[0062] 5) Remineralization and separation of concentrated coarse concentrate minerals: The concentrated coarse concentrate solution obtained in step 4) is introduced into the second capture and mineralization mechanism 51, and a combination of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate in an amount of 180+90+30 g / t relative to the original feed dry ore is added to carry out secondary selective mineralization of lithium-containing minerals. Subsequently, the mineralized slurry is introduced into the flotation machine of the concentration and repurification mechanism 52 for a concentration and separation operation. The concentration and separation time is 3 minutes. The foam product obtained by the concentration and separation is the lithium-containing mineral concentrate product; the product remaining in the tank is introduced into the fine sweeping and ore collection and tailings discarding mechanism 53 for a fine sweeping and selection. During the fine sweeping and selection operation, a combination of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate collector of 180+90+30 g / t is added. The fine sweeping and selection foam is returned to the concentration operation. The bottom product of the fine sweeping and selection is the selection tailings 2. The selection tailings 2 and the selection tailings 1 formed in step 3) are mixed to form the total tailings.

[0063] The system process flow of steps 1)-5) forms a closed-circuit flotation process of 1 coarse 1 sweep 1 fine 1 fine sweep, which is suitable for highly selective recovery of lithium-containing minerals from ultrafine (≤20μm) spodumene fine mud. The fine mud mineral raw material is processed by the system and method of the present invention, and the technical indicators of Li2O content of 4.0% and Li2O recovery rate of 65% are obtained relative to the fine mud raw material, realizing efficient recovery of lithium-containing minerals from ultrafine fine mud minerals.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the defoaming method and the concentration method are changed: the defoaming mechanism adopts an ultrasonic defoaming mechanism, and the concentration mechanism adopts a static concentration mechanism. The specific defoaming and concentration steps are: the rough concentrate is ultrasonically defoamed for 10 minutes, and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes to obtain a concentrated rough concentrate slurry concentrated 2.5 times. The other conditions are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0066] The lithium concentrate obtained in this embodiment has a Li2O content of 3.6% and a recovery rate of 48%. This process can effectively alleviate the problem of large-scale accumulation of middlings. The recovery efficiency of Li2O minerals can be appropriately improved after concentration. However, ultrasonic defoaming and ultrafine mineral particle concentration need to be carried out step by step, and the processing time is very long.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] This embodiment provides a method for separating ultrafine mineral mud. The separation system used is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0069] 1) Preparation for surface slurry modification of minerals: The above-mentioned mineral fine mud material is introduced into the stirring barrel of the dispersing slurry modification mechanism 11, and the slurry is configured to be a 15% solution slurry, and 800g / t sodium lignin sulfonate is added as a dispersing regulator of fine mud mineral particles relative to the feed dry ore (the same below), and the slurry is stirred and adjusted for 2 minutes to disperse the slurry; then, it is introduced into the stirring barrel of the surface selective dissolution modification mechanism 12 and 100g / t potassium hydroxide is added as a high OH - The active adjuster is stirred and slurried for 20 minutes to increase the dissolution selectivity between the spodumene mineral surface and the gangue mineral surface and improve the difference in mineral surface properties; then, it is introduced into the stirring barrel in the surface activation slurry mixing mechanism 13 and 500g / t of ferric chloride is added as a metal ion activator, and the slurry is stirred and slurried for 2 minutes, so that the alkali scrubbing and dissolution surface adsorbs metal ions and is activated, and the slurry is modified and activated by the lithium-containing mineral surface.

[0070] 2) Mineral capture and roughing mineralization: The slurry obtained in step 1) is introduced into the first capture and mineralization mechanism 21, and a highly hydrolyzed and highly segregated mixed anion collector combination of oxidized paraffin soap (731) + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate = 2400 + 1200 + 400 g / t is added. The capture and mineralization stirring and slurry mixing time is 2 minutes to obtain a mineralized slurry; wherein the collector combination used is conducive to the selective mineralization adsorption of lithium-containing minerals, forming a relatively stable roughing mineralization foam, and aerating it to quickly form a three-phase mineralization foam, thereby promoting the rapid rough flotation of fine mud minerals.

[0071] 3) Control of mineral roughing-scavenging rapid flotation process: The mineralized slurry obtained in step 2) is introduced into the short tank flotation machine with rapid flotation function in the rapid rough flotation mechanism 31 for one roughing, and the rapid roughing of fine mud minerals is accelerated by aeration. The separation time of the rapid rough flotation is 1 min, and a roughing concentrate foam with a mass concentration of 12% is obtained. The slurry at the bottom of the tank is introduced into the scavenging ore collection and tailings discarding mechanism 32, and a combination of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate is added with 180+90+30 g / t of the original feed dry ore for one scavenging operation. The time of each scavenging operation is 10 min. The foam product obtained by scavenging is returned to the rough flotation operation, and the tailings obtained are the sorting tailings 1.

[0072] 4) Coarse concentrate jet defoaming-synchronous electric disturbance concentration control: After the coarse concentrate foam obtained in step 3) is collected in the jet defoaming mechanism 41, a pressure flow is formed by pumping, and introduced into the electric disturbance concentration mechanism 42 through the discharge port equipped with a 0.3mm conductive titanium wire mesh. The titanium wire mesh electrode is subjected to an external positive voltage to compete with the anion collector on the coarse concentrate mineralized foam to enhance the de-drug and defoaming effects. In this process, the synergistic defoaming method of jet disturbance and electric disturbance is adopted to enhance the defoaming of the coarse concentrate foam product; In the same step, the cathode of the electric disturbance is arranged below the defoaming and concentrating tank. The fine mineral particles after defoaming move toward the bottom of the tank in a direction due to the electric disturbance, and the supernatant at the top of the electric disturbance tank is discharged from the tank body by drainage. After being treated with electric disturbance for 2 minutes, a coarse concentrate slurry that is 2 times concentrated with respect to the coarse concentrate foam is obtained, and a 25% concentrated coarse concentrate solution is obtained. In addition, the supernatant discharged by drainage is returned to the dispersion slurry adjusting mechanism 11, thereby achieving the purpose of one-step defoaming and electric disturbance concentration of the dilute coarse concentrate foam.

[0073] 5) Remineralization and separation of concentrated coarse concentrate minerals: The concentrated coarse concentrate solution obtained in step 4) is introduced into the second capture and mineralization mechanism 51, and a combination of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate in an amount of 180+90+30 g / t relative to the original feed dry ore is added to carry out secondary selective mineralization of lithium-containing minerals. Subsequently, the mineralized slurry is introduced into the flotation machine of the concentration and repurification mechanism 52 for a concentration and separation operation. The concentration and separation time is 3 minutes. The foam product obtained by the concentration and separation is the lithium-containing mineral concentrate product; the product remaining in the tank is introduced into the fine sweeping and ore collection and tailings discarding mechanism 53 for a fine sweeping and selection. During the fine sweeping and selection operation, a combination of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate collector of 180+90+30 g / t is added. The fine sweeping and selection foam is returned to the concentration operation. The bottom product of the fine sweeping and selection is the selection tailings 2. The selection tailings 2 and the selection tailings 1 formed in step 3) are mixed to form the total tailings.

[0074] The system process flow of steps 1)-5) forms a closed-circuit flotation process of 1 coarse 1 sweep 1 fine 1 fine sweep, which is suitable for highly selective recovery of lithium-containing minerals from ultrafine (≤20μm) spodumene fine mud. The fine mud mineral raw material is processed by the system and method of the present invention, and the technical indicators of Li2O content of 3.95% and Li2O recovery rate of 63% are obtained relative to the fine mud raw material, realizing efficient recovery of lithium-containing minerals from ultrafine fine mud minerals.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] This embodiment provides a method for separating ultrafine mineral mud. The separation system used is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0077] 1) Preparation for mineral surface slurry modification: The mineral fine mud material is introduced into the mixing barrel of the dispersing slurry modification mechanism 11, and the slurry is configured to be a 35% solution slurry, and 100g / t sodium carbonate is added as a dispersing regulator of fine mud mineral particles relative to the feed dry ore (the same below), and the slurry is stirred for 6 minutes to disperse the slurry; then, it is introduced into the mixing barrel of the surface selective dissolution modification mechanism 12 and 1000g / t sodium hydroxide is added as a high OH - The active adjuster is stirred and slurried for 2 minutes to increase the dissolution selectivity between the spodumene mineral surface and the gangue mineral surface and improve the difference in mineral surface properties; then, it is introduced into the stirring barrel in the surface activation slurry mixing mechanism 13 and 50g / t of magnesium chloride is added as a metal ion activator, and the slurry is stirred and slurried for 6 minutes, so that the alkali scrubbing and dissolution surface adsorbs metal ions and is activated, and the slurry is modified and activated by the lithium-containing mineral surface.

[0078] 2) Mineral capture and roughing mineralization: The slurry obtained in step 1) is introduced into the first capture and mineralization mechanism 21, and a highly hydrolyzed and highly segregated mixed anion collector combination of oxidized paraffin soap (731) + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate = 120 + 60 + 20 g / t is added. The capture and mineralization stirring and slurry mixing time is 6 minutes to obtain a mineralized slurry; wherein the collector combination used is conducive to the selective mineralization adsorption of lithium-containing minerals, forming a relatively stable roughing mineralization foam, and aerating it to quickly form a three-phase mineralization foam, thereby promoting the rapid rough flotation of fine mud minerals.

[0079] 3) Control of mineral roughing-scavenging rapid flotation process: The mineralized slurry obtained in step 2) is introduced into the short tank flotation machine with rapid flotation function in the rapid rough flotation mechanism 31 for two roughing operations, and the rapid roughing of fine mud minerals is accelerated by aeration. The separation time of each stage of rapid rough flotation is 10 minutes, and a roughing concentrate foam with a mass concentration of 15% is obtained. The slurry at the bottom of the tank is introduced into the scavenging collection and tailings discarding mechanism 32, and a combination of oxidized paraffin soap, sodium oleate and sodium dodecyl sulfate is added with a concentration of 120+60+20g / t relative to the original feed dry ore to carry out two scavenging operations. The scavenging operation time is 2 minutes. The foam product obtained by scavenging is returned to the rough flotation operation, and the tailings obtained are the sorting tailings 1.

[0080] 4) Jet defoaming of coarse concentrate - synchronous electric disturbance concentration control: After the coarse concentrate foam obtained in step 3) is collected in the jet defoaming mechanism 41, a pressure flow is formed by pumping, and introduced into the electric disturbance concentration mechanism 42 through a discharge port equipped with a 0.3mm conductive titanium wire mesh. The titanium wire mesh electrode is subjected to an external positive voltage to compete with the anion collector on the mineralized foam of the coarse concentrate to enhance the degassing and defoaming effects. In this process, the synergistic defoaming method of jet disturbance and electric disturbance is adopted to enhance the defoaming of the coarse concentrate foam product; In one step, the cathode of the electric disturbance is arranged below the defoaming and concentrating tank. The fine mineral particles after defoaming move toward the bottom of the tank in a direction due to the electric disturbance, and the supernatant on the upper part of the electric disturbance tank is discharged from the tank body by drainage. After being treated with electric disturbance for 10 minutes, a coarse concentrate slurry that is 3 times concentrated with respect to the coarse concentrate foam is obtained, and a 45% concentrated coarse concentrate solution is obtained. In addition, the supernatant discharged by drainage is returned to the dispersion slurry adjusting mechanism 11, thereby achieving the purpose of one-step defoaming and electric disturbance concentration of the dilute coarse concentrate foam.

[0081] 5) Remineralization and separation of concentrated coarse concentrate minerals: The concentrated coarse concentrate solution obtained in step 4) is introduced into the second capture mineralization mechanism 51, and a combination of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate in an amount of 120+60+20 g / t relative to the original feed dry ore is added to carry out secondary selective mineralization of lithium-containing minerals. Subsequently, the mineralized slurry is introduced into the flotation machine of the concentration and repurification mechanism 52 for a concentration and separation operation. The concentration and separation time is 3 minutes. The foam product obtained by the concentration and separation is the lithium-containing mineral concentrate product; the product remaining in the tank is introduced into the fine sweeping and ore collection and tailings discarding mechanism 53 for a fine sweeping and selection. The fine sweeping and selection operation adds a combined collector of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate of 120+60+20 g / t. The fine sweeping and selection foam is returned to the concentration operation. The bottom product of the fine sweeping and selection is the selection tailings 2. The selection tailings 2 and the selection tailings 1 formed in step 3) are mixed to form the total tailings.

[0082] The system process flow of steps 1)-5) forms a closed-circuit flotation process of 2 coarse 2 sweep 1 fine 1 fine sweep, which is suitable for highly selective recovery of lithium-containing minerals from ultrafine (≤20μm) spodumene fine mud. The fine mud mineral raw material is processed by the system and method of the present invention, and the technical indicators of Li2O content of 3.82% and Li2O recovery rate of 65% are obtained relative to the fine mud raw material, realizing efficient recovery of lithium-containing minerals from ultrafine fine mud minerals.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] This comparative example provides a separation method, which is different from Example 1 in that mineralized foam collapse and reconstructing flotation are not performed, and the process route is a 1 roughing 1 sweeping 2 fine-medium ore sequential return process, and other conditions are the same as Example 1. The specific steps are:

[0085] 1) Preparation for mineral surface slurry modification: The mineral fine mud material is slurried to prepare a 20% solution slurry, and 3000g / t sodium carbonate is added as a dispersion regulator for fine mud mineral particles relative to the feed dry ore (the same below), and the slurry is stirred for 3 minutes to disperse the slurry; then, 400g / t sodium hydroxide is added as a high OH - The active adjuster is stirred and slurried for 5 minutes to increase the dissolution selectivity between the spodumene mineral surface and the gangue mineral surface and improve the difference in mineral surface properties; then, 100g / t of calcium chloride is added as a metal ion activator and the slurry is stirred and slurried for 3 minutes, so that the alkali scrubbing and dissolution surface adsorbs metal ions and is activated, and the slurry is modified and activated by the lithium-containing mineral surface.

[0086] 2) Mineral capture and roughing mineralization: add oxidized paraffin soap (731) + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate = 600 + 300 + 100 g / t of a highly hydrolyzed and highly segregated mixed anion collector combination to the slurry obtained in step 1), stir and slurry for capture and mineralization for 3 minutes to obtain a mineralized slurry; wherein the collector combination used is conducive to the selective mineralization adsorption of lithium-containing minerals, forming a relatively stable roughing mineralization foam, and aerating it to quickly form a three-phase mineralization foam, thereby promoting the rapid rough flotation of fine mud minerals.

[0087] 3) Control of mineral roughing-scavenging rapid flotation process: the mineralized slurry obtained in step 2) is introduced into a short tank flotation machine with rapid flotation function for a roughing operation, and the rapid roughing of fine mud minerals is accelerated by aeration. The separation time of rapid rough flotation is 2 minutes, and a roughing concentrate foam A with a mass concentration of 12% is obtained. A combination of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate at a concentration of 180+90+30 g / t relative to the original feed dry ore is added to the bottom slurry B for a scavenging operation. The scavenging operation time is 4 minutes, and a scavenging foam C is obtained. The scavenged bottom product is tailings; the foam product A enters the selection I operation for selection, the foam product D obtained by the selection I enters the selection II operation, and the bottom product E obtained by the selection I is mixed with the scavenging foam C and returned to the roughing operation; the foam separated and output by the selection II is the concentrate product, and the bottom product F is sequentially returned to the selection I operation. Among them, 180+90+30g / t of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate combined collector is added in each concentrating operation.

[0088] The lithium concentrate obtained in this comparative example has a Li2O content of 3.5% and a recovery rate of 35%, and it is easy to have a large amount of accumulation of intermediate ore.

[0089] Comparative Example 2

[0090] This comparative example provides a separation method, which is different from Example 1 in that mineralized foam collapse and reconstructing flotation are not performed, and the process route is: 1 roughing 1 sweeping 2 fine 1 fine sweeping - medium ore returns in sequence, wherein the reagents and their dosages used are the same as those in Example 1. The specific steps are:

[0091] 1) Preparation for mineral surface slurry modification: The mineral fine mud material is slurried to prepare a 20% solution slurry, and 3000g / t sodium carbonate is added as a dispersion regulator for fine mud mineral particles relative to the feed dry ore (the same below), and the slurry is stirred for 3 minutes to disperse the slurry; then, 400g / t sodium hydroxide is added as a high OH - The active adjuster is stirred and slurried for 5 minutes to increase the dissolution selectivity between the spodumene mineral surface and the gangue mineral surface and improve the difference in mineral surface properties; then, 100g / t of calcium chloride is added as a metal ion activator and the slurry is stirred and slurried for 3 minutes, so that the alkali scrubbing and dissolution surface adsorbs metal ions and is activated, and the slurry is modified and activated by the lithium-containing mineral surface.

[0092] 2) Mineral capture and roughing mineralization: add oxidized paraffin soap (731) + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate = 600 + 300 + 100 g / t of a highly hydrolyzed and highly segregated mixed anion collector combination to the slurry obtained in step 1), stir and slurry for capture and mineralization for 3 minutes to obtain a mineralized slurry; wherein the collector combination used is conducive to the selective mineralization adsorption of lithium-containing minerals, forming a relatively stable roughing mineralization foam, and aerating it to quickly form a three-phase mineralization foam, thereby promoting the rapid rough flotation of fine mud minerals.

[0093] 3) Control of mineral roughing-scavenging rapid flotation process: The mineralized slurry obtained in step 2) is introduced into a short tank flotation machine with rapid flotation function for a roughing operation, and the rapid roughing of fine mud minerals is accelerated by aeration. The separation time of rapid rough flotation is 2 minutes, and a roughing concentrate foam A with a mass concentration of 12% is obtained. A combination of oxidized paraffin soap, sodium oleate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate in an amount of 180+90+30 g / t relative to the original feed dry ore is added to the slurry B at the bottom of the tank for a scavenging operation. The scavenging operation time is 4 minutes, and a scavenging concentrate foam A with a mass concentration of 12% is obtained. Foam C, scavenged foam C is then returned to the roughing operation, and the bottom product obtained by scavenging is tailings 1; foam product A enters the selection I operation for a selection, and the foam product D obtained by selection I enters the selection II, and the bottom product E obtained by selection I undergoes a fine scavenging, and foam F and fine scavenging tailings 2 are obtained after fine scavenging; foam product D is subjected to the selection II operation to produce a foam product, which is the concentrate product, and the bottom product G of the selection II is combined with the fine scavenging foam F and returned to the selection I operation; the scavenging tailings 1 and the fine scavenging tailings 2 are mixed to form the total tailings. Among them, 180+90+30g / t of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate combined collector is added to each selection operation and fine scavenging operation.

[0094] The lithium concentrate obtained in this comparative example has a Li2O content of 3.4% and a recovery rate of 37%. This process can effectively alleviate the problem of large accumulation of middlings, but the Li2O in the concentration operation is very easy to fall out of the tank and is difficult to be recovered.

[0095] Comparative Example 3

[0096] This comparative example provides a separation method, which is different from Example 1 in that mineralized foam collapse and reconstructing flotation are not performed, and the process route is: 1 roughing 1 scavenging 1 fine 1 fine scavenging - medium ore returns in sequence, wherein the reagents and their dosages used are the same as those in Example 1. The specific steps are:

[0097] 1) Preparation for mineral surface slurry modification: The mineral fine mud material is slurried to prepare a 20% solution slurry, and 3000g / t sodium carbonate is added as a dispersion regulator for fine mud mineral particles relative to the feed dry ore (the same below), and the slurry is stirred for 3 minutes to disperse the slurry; then, 400g / t sodium hydroxide is added as a high OH - The active adjuster is stirred and slurried for 5 minutes to increase the dissolution selectivity between the spodumene mineral surface and the gangue mineral surface and improve the difference in mineral surface properties; then, 100g / t of calcium chloride is added as a metal ion activator and the slurry is stirred and slurried for 3 minutes, so that the alkali scrubbing and dissolution surface adsorbs metal ions and is activated, and the slurry is modified and activated by the lithium-containing mineral surface.

[0098] 2) Mineral capture and roughing mineralization: add oxidized paraffin soap (731) + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfate = 600 + 300 + 100 g / t of a highly hydrolyzed and highly segregated mixed anion collector combination to the slurry obtained in step 1), stir and slurry for capture and mineralization for 3 minutes to obtain a mineralized slurry; wherein the collector combination used is conducive to the selective mineralization adsorption of lithium-containing minerals, forming a relatively stable roughing mineralization foam, and aerating it to quickly form a three-phase mineralization foam, thereby promoting the rapid rough flotation of fine mud minerals.

[0099] 3) Control of mineral roughing-sweeping rapid flotation process: The mineralized slurry obtained in step 2) is introduced into a short tank flotation machine with rapid flotation function for a roughing process, and the rapid roughing of fine mud minerals is accelerated by aeration. The separation time of rapid rough flotation is 2 minutes, and a roughing concentrate foam A with a mass concentration of 12% is obtained. A combination of oxidized paraffin soap, sodium oleate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate in an amount of 180+90+30 g / t relative to the original feed dry ore is added to the slurry B at the bottom of the tank. 1 scavenging operation, the scavenging operation time is 4 minutes, and scavenging foam C is obtained. Scavenging foam C is then returned to the roughing operation, and the bottom product obtained by scavenging is tailings 1; foam product A enters the concentrating operation for a concentrating, and the concentrating foam product D is the concentrate product. The bottom product E obtained by concentrating undergoes a fine scavenging, and foam F and fine scavenging tailings 2 are obtained after fine scavenging; fine scavenging foam F is returned to the concentrating operation, and the scavenging tailings 1 and the fine scavenging tailings 2 are mixed to form the total tailings. Among them, 180+90+30g / t of oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate + sodium dodecyl sulfonate combined collector is added to each concentrating operation and fine scavenging operation.

[0100] The lithium concentrate obtained in this comparative example has a Li2O content of 3.1% and a recovery rate of 35%. This process can effectively alleviate the problem of large accumulation of middlings, but the Li2O in the concentration operation is very easy to fall out of the tank and is difficult to be recovered.

[0101] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating ultrafine mineral mud, comprising: Carrying out slurry preparation treatment on mineral fine mud and performing mineral surface modification treatment on mineral to obtain mineral modified slurry; The mineral modified slurry is used for mineralization, capture and separation to obtain coarse concentrate slurry and tailings; the coarse concentrate slurry is subjected to re-mineralization, capture and separation to obtain concentrate and final tailings; it is characterized in that before the coarse concentrate slurry is subjected to re-mineralization, capture and separation, defoaming and concentration are performed to obtain concentrated coarse concentrate slurry; the concentrate and final tailings are obtained by re-mineralization, capture and separation of the concentrated coarse concentrate slurry.

2. The sorting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of using mineral modified slurry for mineralization collection and separation is as follows: adding a collector to the mineral modified slurry for mineralization treatment, and flotation separation of the mineralized slurry to obtain coarse concentrate and tailings; And / or, the mineral surface modification treatment is: adding a dispersing regulator, a high OH - It is treated with activity regulator and metal ion activator.

3. The sorting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dispersion regulator is carbonate and / or lignin sulfonate; and / or, the high OH - The active adjusting agent is sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide; And / or, the metal ion activator is at least one of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and ferric chloride; and / or, based on the dry ore of the feed, the amount of the dispersion regulator is 100-8000 g / t; and / or, based on the dry ore of the feed, the high OH - The dosage of active regulator is 100-1000g / t; and / or, based on the dry ore of the feed material, the amount of the metal ion activator is 50-500 g / t; And / or, the flotation separation process includes: aerating the mineralized pulp to quickly form a gas-liquid-solid three-phase mineralized foam and performing rapid roughing and scavenging to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings.

4. The sorting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The carbonate includes sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and ammonium carbonate; And / or, the lignin sulfonate includes sodium lignin sulfonate, potassium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate, ammonium lignin sulfonate; And / or, the rough selection is performed 1-2 times; And / or, the time for each stage of rough selection is 2-10 minutes; And / or, the scanning is performed 1-2 times; And / or, the time for each scanning operation is 2-10 minutes.

5. The sorting method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The mass percentage concentration of the mineral modified slurry is 15-35%; And / or, the collector is an anionic collector, preferably at least one of a fatty acid collector, an organic sulfonic acid collector, an organic sulfuric acid collector, a hydroxamic acid collector, and an organic phosphonic acid collector; And / or, based on the dry ore of the feed, the amount of the collector is 200-4000 g / t.

6. The sorting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fatty acid collector includes oxidized paraffin soap, oleic acid, sodium oleate, tall oil, naphthenic acid soap, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linoleic acid, and sodium stearate; And / or, the organic sulfonic acid collector includes sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl sulfonate, and sodium petroleum sulfonate; And / or, the organic sulfuric acid collector includes sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium hexadecyl sulfate; And / or, the hydroxamic acid collector includes alkyl hydroxamic acid, benzohydroxamic acid, salicylic hydroxamic acid; And / or, the organic phosphonic acid collector includes styrenephosphonic acid, α-hydroxy(carbocyanine)phosphonic acid, (1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl)-butylphosphonic acid, and toluenephosphonic acid.

7. The sorting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The defoaming concentration includes electric perturbation defoaming concentration and / or ultrasonic defoaming concentration; And / or, the defoaming and concentration time is 2-10min; And / or, the mass percentage concentration of the concentrated coarse concentrate slurry is 25-45%.

8. The sorting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of electric disturbance defoaming and concentration includes: pumping the coarse concentrate into the dielectrophoresis device to form a tangential jet to collapse the foam, and applying voltage to form electrophoresis to quickly settle and concentrate the mineral particles; And / or, the ultrasonic defoaming and concentrating process includes: ultrasonic defoaming the coarse concentrate, and then standing and concentrating.

9. A system for sorting ultrafine spodumene mineral mud, characterized in that: It includes a dispersing and slurry adjusting mechanism, a surface selective dissolution and modification mechanism, a surface activation and slurry adjusting mechanism, a first collecting and mineralizing mechanism, a rapid rough flotation mechanism, a defoaming mechanism, a concentration mechanism, a second collecting and mineralizing mechanism and a concentration and re-purification mechanism which are connected in sequence.

10. The sorting system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The defoaming mechanism includes a jet defoaming mechanism and an ultrasonic defoaming mechanism, preferably a jet defoaming mechanism; And / or, the concentration mechanism includes an electric disturbance concentration mechanism and a static concentration mechanism, preferably an electric disturbance concentration mechanism; And / or, the first capture mineralization mechanism is also connected to a scavenging, collecting and tailings discarding mechanism; And / or, the second capture and mineralization mechanism is also connected to a fine sweeping and ore collection and tailings discarding mechanism; And / or, the concentrating mechanism is also directly connected to the dispersing and slurry mixing mechanism through a return water pipeline.

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