Main bearing mechanism of small shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a main bearing mechanism of a small shield tunneling machine, and relates to the technical field of small shield tunneling machines, the main bearing mechanism comprises a main shaft, a drill bit and a rotating ring plate, one end of the main shaft is fixedly connected with a driving assembly, and the other end of the main shaft is fixedly connected with the drill bit. During use, when excavation operation needs to be carried out at the position close to the ground in a short distance or excavation needs to be carried out under the ground with simple geology, the multiple sets of rotating ring plates can be staggered in the front-back direction, the rotating ring plates and the drill bits are spliced to form the cutter head, the cutter head is changed into a conical shape, and therefore the acting face of the cutter head and a tunnel is increased; after installation, the main shaft and the cutter head are driven by the motor to rotate, the cutter can gradually permeate into a soil body, cutting force applied instantaneously is reduced, tunnel digging is achieved, the contact face of the conical cutter head and the front end of a tunnel is large, so that the cutter head can conveniently grind the tunnel, mixing of the soil body and a high-pressure solution is accelerated, disturbance to soil can be effectively reduced, and the tunnel digging efficiency is improved. And the risk in the construction process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of small shield machines, and in particular to a main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine. Background Art

[0002] A small shield machine is a mechanical equipment specially designed for underground tunnel construction, usually used for tunnel excavation with a diameter between 1 meter and 4 meters. Its main function is to cut the soil through a rotating cutterhead and transport the excavated soil to the ground through a conveying system. At the same time, the tunnel lining is installed during the excavation process to ensure the stability of the tunnel. Small shield machines are widely used in urban infrastructure construction, such as underground pipelines, drainage systems, and subways. Due to their small size, small shield machines can flexibly cope with complex underground environments during construction, and are particularly suitable for construction in densely populated urban areas. They are usually equipped with advanced navigation systems that can achieve precise excavation control and reduce the impact on surrounding buildings and the ground. In addition, the construction speed of small shield machines is fast, which can effectively shorten the project cycle and reduce construction costs. With the acceleration of urbanization, small shield machines are increasingly used in urban underground projects and have become an important tool for modern tunnel construction. Compared with large shield machines, small shield machines are small in size and more flexible, but their construction capacity is relatively weak. They are suitable for short-distance and small-diameter tunnel construction. Small shield machines have advantages in cost, transportation, and construction speed, and are ideal for urban underground engineering construction.

[0003] The main bearing shaft of a small shield machine is an important structural component of the shield machine, mainly used to support and transfer the main load of the shield machine. It is usually located at the front of the shield machine, connecting the cutterhead and the machine body, and is responsible for transmitting the force generated by the cutterhead when cutting in the soil to other parts of the shield machine. The design of the main bearing shaft needs to take into account strength, rigidity and wear resistance to ensure stable operation in complex underground environments.

[0004] The head of the shield machine, also called the front end or cutterhead of the shield machine, is generally configured as a cylindrical head to be suitable for most tunnel excavation projects. However, when construction is carried out close to the surface, the cylindrical head of the shield machine often needs to exert a large cutting force during the cutting process, causing the soil to be subjected to a large impact instantly. This instantaneous cutting can cause severe disturbance of the surrounding soil, increase the risk of soil instability, and have a greater impact on the ground. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine, which solves the problem that when construction is carried out close to the surface, the cylindrical head of the shield machine often needs to exert a large cutting force during the cutting process, causing the soil to be subjected to a large impact instantaneously. This instantaneous cutting can cause severe disturbance of the surrounding soil, increase the risk of soil instability, and have a greater impact on the ground.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine includes a main shaft, a drill bit and a rotating ring plate. One end of the main shaft is fixedly connected to a driving assembly, and the other end of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the drill bit. There are multiple groups of rotating ring plates, and the sizes of the multiple groups of rotating ring plates are reduced in sequence. There are multiple groups of connecting mechanisms slidably sleeved on the main shaft, and each group of rotating ring plates is matched and arranged on the corresponding connecting mechanism. The multiple groups of rotating ring plates are coaxially slidably sleeved with each other in sequence according to their sizes, and are coaxially arranged on the main shaft. Each group of rotating ring plates is equidistantly surrounded by multiple groups of cutting tools. A first telescopic assembly is matched between two adjacent groups of connecting mechanisms, and the connecting mechanism close to the drill bit is fixedly connected to the drill bit.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: each group of the connecting mechanisms includes a first connecting ring plate slidably sleeved on the main shaft, each group of the first connecting ring plates is equidistantly and fixedly connected with multiple groups of first support plates, and each group of the first support plates is fixedly connected to the corresponding rotating ring plate.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the longitudinal section of the main shaft is arranged in a polygonal shape.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the driving assembly includes a motor, and the output end of the motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the main shaft.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: a second connecting ring plate is slidably sleeved on the main shaft, the second connecting ring plate is arranged between the motor and multiple groups of first connecting ring plates, the second connecting ring plate is connected to the adjacent first connecting ring plates through the first telescopic component, the second connecting ring plate is fixedly connected to the second telescopic component on the side away from the first telescopic component, the second telescopic component is fixedly connected to the main shaft at one end away from the second connecting ring plate, and multiple groups of second support plates are equidistantly fixedly connected to the second connecting ring plate, and side ring plates are provided on each group of the second support plates in cooperation with each other.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the drill bit and the side ring plate are both provided with spiral patterns, and the spiral patterns on the drill bit and the side ring plate have the same winding direction.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the first telescopic assembly and the second telescopic assembly are both hydraulic telescopic sleeves.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the size of the first telescopic component located at the front is smaller than the size of the first telescopic component located at the back.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0016] 1. In the present invention, when it is used, when it is necessary to perform excavation operations at a short distance close to the ground, or when excavation is performed underground in a geologically simple area, the spacing between multiple groups of first connecting ring plates can be increased by the first telescopic assembly, and the first connecting ring plates drive the first support plates to move, and the first support plates drive multiple groups of rotating ring plates to stagger with each other in the front-to-back direction, so that the rotating ring plates and the drill bits are spliced ​​together to form a cutter head that changes into a cone, thereby increasing the action surface between the cutter head and the tunnel. After installation, the main shaft and the cutter head are driven to rotate by a motor, and the tool can gradually penetrate into the soil, reducing the cutting force applied instantly and realizing tunnel excavation. Since the contact surface between the conical cutter head and the front end of the tunnel is large, it is convenient for the cutter head to grind the tunnel, thereby accelerating the mixing of the soil and the high-pressure solution, which can effectively reduce the disturbance to the soil and reduce the risk during the construction process.

[0017] 2. In the present invention, when encountering complex strata such as multiple rocks and pebbles, or when the tunnel is required to be longer, the first telescopic component can be used to reduce the spacing between multiple groups of first connecting ring plates, thereby driving the multiple groups of first connecting ring plates to be on the same plane, so that the tool is under uniform pressure during the cutting process, thereby providing a more stable cutting ability and reducing the possibility of tool damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the overall longitudinal section of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall rear view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the main shaft of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. spindle; 2. drill bit; 3. first connecting ring plate; 4. first support plate; 5. rotating ring plate; 6. tool; 7. motor; 8. first telescopic assembly; 9. second telescopic assembly; 10. second connecting ring plate; 11. second support plate; 12. side ring plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention is a main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine, a main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine, characterized in that it includes a main shaft 1, a drill bit 2 and a rotating ring plate 5, one end of the main shaft 1 is fixedly connected with a driving component, the driving component can drive the main shaft 1 to rotate, the other end of the main shaft 1 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 2, a plurality of rotating ring plates 5 are provided, and the sizes of the plurality of rotating ring plates 5 are successively reduced, a plurality of connecting mechanisms are slidably sleeved on the main shaft 1, each group of rotating ring plates 5 are matched and arranged on the corresponding connecting mechanism, and the plurality of rotating ring plates 5 are mutually synchronized in size. The shafts are slidably sleeved and are all coaxially arranged on the main shaft 1, so that each set of rotating ring plates 5 and the drill bit 2 are spliced ​​together to form a cutter head. The cutter head is driven to rotate by the main shaft 1 to realize underground excavation operations. Each set of rotating ring plates 5 is evenly surrounded by multiple sets of cutters 6. A first telescopic component 8 is provided between two adjacent sets of connecting mechanisms. The first telescopic component 8 can adjust the distance between the two adjacent sets of connecting mechanisms, and then adjust the relative positions of the multiple sets of rotating ring plates 5. The connecting mechanism close to the drill bit 2 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 2; when in use, when a short distance is required When excavating at a position close to the ground, or when excavating underground with simple geology, the first telescopic component 8 can be used to increase the spacing between multiple groups of connecting mechanisms, so that multiple groups of rotating ring plates 5 are staggered in the front-to-back direction, so that the rotating ring plates 5 and the drill bit 2 are spliced ​​together to form a cutter head that changes into a cone, thereby increasing the action surface between the cutter head and the tunnel. After installation, the main shaft 1 and the cutter head are driven to rotate by the driving component, and the tool 6 can gradually penetrate into the soil, reducing the cutting force applied instantly, and realizing tunnel excavation. Since the contact surface between the conical cutter head and the front end of the tunnel is large, it is convenient for the cutter head to grind the tunnel, thereby accelerating the mixing of the soil and the high-pressure solution, which can effectively reduce the disturbance of the soil and reduce the risk during the construction process. When encountering complex strata such as rocks and pebbles, or the tunnel is required to be longer, the first telescopic component 8 can be used to reduce the spacing between multiple groups of connecting mechanisms, thereby driving multiple groups of first connecting ring plates 3 to be on the same plane, so that the tool 6 is subjected to uniform pressure during the cutting process, thereby providing a more stable cutting ability and reducing the possibility of damage to the tool 6.

[0026] In the present invention, in order to achieve the support for the rotating ring plate 5, each group of connecting mechanisms includes a first connecting ring plate 3 slidably sleeved on the main shaft 1, and each group of first connecting ring plates 3 is equidistantly and fixedly connected with a plurality of first support plates 4, and each group of first support plates 4 is fixedly connected to the corresponding rotating ring plate 5; when the first connecting ring plate 3 needs to be rotated, the main shaft 1 can be driven to rotate by the driving assembly, and the main shaft 1 drives the first connecting ring plate 3 to rotate, and the first connecting ring plate 3 drives the rotating ring plate 5 to rotate through the first support plate 4, and each group of first support plates 4 supports the corresponding rotating ring plate 5.

[0027] In the present invention, in order to facilitate the transmission of the main shaft 1, the longitudinal section of the main shaft 1 is set to be polygonal, that is, the main shaft 1 is in the shape of a prism; when the main shaft 1 rotates, the prism-shaped main shaft 1 has a more obvious driving effect on the first connecting ring plate 3, thereby improving the transmission of torque.

[0028] In the present invention, in order to realize the driving of the main shaft 1, the driving assembly includes a motor 7, and the output end of the motor 7 is coaxially fixedly connected to the main shaft 1; the main shaft 1 can be driven by the motor 7, thereby driving the drill bit 2 and the rotating ring plate 5 to rotate, and maintaining the cutting state of the drill bit 2 and the rotating ring plate 5 on the tunnel.

[0029] In the present invention, in order to facilitate the processing of the soil at the edge of the cutter disc, a second connecting ring plate 10 is slidably sleeved on the main shaft 1, and the second connecting ring plate 10 is arranged between the motor 7 and multiple groups of first connecting ring plates 3. The second connecting ring plate 10 is connected to the adjacent first connecting ring plates 3 through the first telescopic component 8. The second connecting ring plate 10 is fixedly connected to the second telescopic component 9 on the side away from the first telescopic component 8. The second telescopic component 9 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 1 at one end away from the second connecting ring plate 10. Multiple groups of second support plates 11 are equidistantly and fixedly connected to the second connecting ring plate 10, and each group of second support plates 11 is provided with side ring plates 12 in cooperation with each other; the side ring plates 12 are arranged at the edge of the cutter disc, so as to facilitate pushing the soil at the edge of the cutter disc. When the first telescopic component 8 is extended, the second telescopic component 9 will drive the second connecting ring plate 10 to contract, so as to facilitate the movement of the first connecting ring plate 3 on the first telescopic component 8.

[0030] In the present invention, in order to ensure the tunnel excavation effect, spiral patterns are provided on the drill bit 2 and the side ring plate 12, and the spiral patterns on the drill bit 2 and the side ring plate 12 have the same winding direction; when the drill bit 2 rotates, the spiral patterns on the drill bit 2 can drive the soil blocks in front of the rotating ring plate 5, thereby facilitating the cutting of the soil blocks, and the side ring plate 12 can drive the soil blocks to both sides, thereby facilitating the advancement of the cutter head.

[0031] In the present invention, in order to realize the driving of the first connecting ring plate 3 and the second connecting ring plate 10, the first telescopic assembly 8 and the second telescopic assembly 9 are both hydraulic telescopic sleeves; the hydraulic telescopic sleeves are sleeved on the main shaft 1, so as to facilitate pushing the first connecting ring plate 3 and the second connecting ring plate 10 to slide along the main shaft 1.

[0032] In the present invention, in order to control the spacing between the rotating ring plates 5 when they move away from each other, the size of the first telescopic component 8 at the front position is smaller than the size of the first telescopic component 8 at the rear position; so that the first connecting ring plate 3 at the front position can move a smaller distance, while the first connecting ring plate 3 at the rear position can move a larger distance, thereby facilitating the adjustment and maintenance of the state of the conical cutter disc.

[0033] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: when it is used, when it is necessary to perform excavation operations at a short distance close to the ground, or when excavation is performed underground in a geologically simple area, the spacing between the multiple groups of first connecting ring plates 3 can be increased by the first telescopic assembly 8, and the first connecting ring plates 3 drive the first support plates 4 to move, and the first support plates 4 drive the multiple groups of rotating ring plates 5 to stagger with each other in the front-to-back direction, so that the rotating ring plates 5 and the drill bit 2 are spliced ​​together to form a cutter disc that changes to a cone, thereby increasing the working surface of the cutter disc and the tunnel. After installation, the motor 7 drives the main shaft 1 and the cutter disc to rotate, and the tool 6 can gradually penetrate into the soil, reducing the cutting force applied instantly. force to realize tunnel excavation. Since the contact surface between the conical cutter head and the front end of the tunnel is large, it is convenient for the cutter head to grind the tunnel, thereby accelerating the mixing of the soil and the high-pressure solution, which can effectively reduce the disturbance of the soil and reduce the risk during the construction process. When encountering complex formations such as rocks and pebbles, or when the tunnel is required to be long, the first telescopic component 8 can be used to reduce the spacing between the multiple groups of first connecting ring plates 3, so that the multiple groups of first connecting ring plates 3 are all on the same plane, so that the cutter 6 is subjected to uniform pressure during the cutting process, thereby providing a more stable cutting ability and reducing the possibility of damage to the cutter 6;

[0034] The side ring plate 12 is arranged at the edge of the cutter disc, so as to facilitate pushing the soil at the edge of the cutter disc. When the first telescopic assembly 8 is extended, the second telescopic assembly 9 will drive the second connecting ring plate 10 to contract, so as to facilitate the movement of the first connecting ring plate 3 on the first telescopic assembly 8. When the drill bit 2 rotates, the spiral pattern on the drill bit 2 can drive the soil block in front of the rotating ring plate 5, so as to facilitate the cutting of the soil block. The side ring plate 12 can drive the soil block to both sides, so as to facilitate the advancement of the cutter disc. The first connecting ring plate 3 at the front position can move a smaller distance, while the first connecting ring plate 3 at the rear position can move a larger distance, so as to facilitate the adjustment and maintenance of the state of the conical cutter disc.

[0035] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main shaft (1), a drill bit (2) and a rotating ring plate (5), wherein one end of the main shaft (1) is fixedly connected to a driving assembly, and the other end of the main shaft (1) is fixedly connected to the drill bit (2). The rotating ring plates (5) are provided in multiple groups, and the sizes of the multiple groups of rotating ring plates (5) are successively reduced. The main shaft (1) is slidably sleeved with multiple groups of connecting mechanisms, and each group of the rotating ring plates (5) is matched and arranged on the corresponding connecting mechanisms. The multiple groups of the rotating ring plates (5) are coaxially slidably sleeved with each other in sequence according to their sizes, and are all coaxially arranged on the main shaft (1). Each group of the rotating ring plates (5) is evenly surrounded by multiple groups of cutting tools (6). A first telescopic assembly (8) is matched and arranged between two adjacent groups of the connecting mechanisms, and the connecting mechanism close to the drill bit (2) is fixedly connected to the drill bit (2).

2. A main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each group of the connecting mechanisms comprises a first connecting ring plate (3) slidably sleeved on the main shaft (1), and each group of the first connecting ring plates (3) is equidistantly and fixedly connected with a plurality of first support plates (4), and each group of the first support plates (4) is fixedly connected to a corresponding rotating ring plate (5).

3. The main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the main shaft (1) is arranged in a polygonal shape.

4. The main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a motor (7), and the output end of the motor (7) is coaxially fixedly connected to the main shaft (1).

5. The main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A second connecting ring plate (10) is slidably sleeved on the main shaft (1), and the second connecting ring plate (10) is arranged between the motor (7) and a plurality of groups of first connecting ring plates (3). The second connecting ring plate (10) is connected to the adjacent first connecting ring plates (3) through a first telescopic component (8). A second telescopic component (9) is fixedly connected to the side of the second connecting ring plate (10) away from the first telescopic component (8), and an end of the second telescopic component (9) away from the second connecting ring plate (10) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (1). A plurality of groups of second support plates (11) are equidistantly and fixedly connected to the second connecting ring plate (10), and each group of the second support plates (11) is provided with a side ring plate (12) that cooperates with each other.

6. The main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drill bit (2) and the side ring plate (12) are both provided with spiral patterns, and the spiral patterns on the drill bit (2) and the side ring plate (12) have the same winding direction.

7. The main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first telescopic assembly (8) and the second telescopic assembly (9) are both hydraulic telescopic sleeves.

8. The main bearing shaft mechanism of a small shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The size of the first telescopic component (8) located closer to the front is smaller than the size of the first telescopic component (8) located closer to the back.

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