Preparation method of proton exchange membrane electrode and proton exchange membrane electrode
The method of coating and layering catalyst materials on gas diffusion layers with precise coating and spraying techniques addresses the issues of membrane flatness and resistance in traditional methods, resulting in improved power generation performance and cost-effectiveness.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411327925.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-27
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods for preparing proton exchange membrane electrodes result in poor flatness of the proton exchange membrane and changes in the catalyst layer structure, leading to increased interface resistance and altered pore structures, which affect the power generation performance.
A method involving coating a first catalyst material on a gas diffusion layer, forming a proton exchange membrane layer with an ionomer solution, and a second catalyst layer, utilizing slot coating, ultrasonic spraying, and hot pressing to enhance interface matching and reduce resistance.
Improves the flatness and pore structure of the proton exchange membrane electrode, reducing interface resistance and ohmic impedance, thereby enhancing power generation efficiency and reducing preparation costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN119208629A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular to a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode and a proton exchange membrane electrode. Background Art
[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are highly efficient and environmentally friendly power generation devices that use hydrogen and oxygen as fuel. They can be widely used in mobile charging equipment, fixed power stations, fuel cell vehicles, etc. At present, fuel cells are developing rapidly towards commercialization and higher maturity.
[0003] As the core component of fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane electrode is composed of a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst, an anode catalyst, and a carbon paper gas diffusion layer. However, in the traditional preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode, the surface morphology of the proton exchange membrane is greatly damaged, resulting in poor flatness of the proton exchange membrane, and may also cause changes in the structure of the catalyst layer, causing the interface resistance between the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane to increase, resulting in changes in the internal pore structure of the catalyst layer, affecting the catalytic effect of the catalyst layer, and thus further affecting the power generation performance of the proton exchange membrane electrode. Summary of the invention
[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode and a proton exchange membrane electrode, which can improve the flatness of the proton exchange membrane and improve the internal pore structure of the catalyst layer, thereby enhancing the power generation performance of the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layer, and further improving the power generation effect of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode, comprising:
[0006] providing a first gas diffusion layer and a second gas diffusion layer;
[0007] coating a first catalyst material on one side of the first gas diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer;
[0008] Applying an ionomer solution on a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a proton exchange membrane layer;
[0009] Disposing a second catalyst material on a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a second catalyst layer;
[0010] The second gas diffusion layer is disposed on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer.
[0011] In some embodiments, coating a first catalyst material on one side of the first gas diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer includes:
[0012] coating the first catalyst material onto one side of the first gas diffusion layer by a slot coating process;
[0013] The first catalyst material is dried by a gradient temperature drying process to obtain the first catalyst layer.
[0014] In some embodiments, coating the first catalyst material onto one side of the first gas diffusion layer by a slot coating process includes:
[0015] The first catalyst material is coated at least twice by a slot coating process, wherein coating parameters of at least two slot coating processes are different, and the coating parameters include at least one of coating speed, slot width, heating temperature and waiting time.
[0016] In some embodiments, coating the ionomer solution on a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a proton exchange membrane layer comprises:
[0017] The ionomer solution is sprayed onto a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by an ultrasonic spraying process.
[0018] In some embodiments, spraying the ionomer solution onto a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by an ultrasonic spraying process comprises:
[0019] The ionomer solution is sprayed at least twice by an ultrasonic spraying process, wherein the spraying parameters of the at least two ultrasonic spraying processes are different, and the spraying parameters include at least one of a spraying speed, a heating temperature and a spraying amount.
[0020] In some embodiments, the second catalyst material is disposed on a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a second catalyst layer, comprising:
[0021] The second catalyst material is sprayed onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a spraying process.
[0022] In some embodiments, spraying the second catalyst material onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a spraying process comprises:
[0023] forming a barrier layer on a layer of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, wherein the barrier layer is located at an edge region of the proton exchange membrane layer;
[0024] Spraying a second catalyst material onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a spraying process;
[0025] The barrier layer is removed, wherein a size of an orthographic projection of the second catalyst layer toward the first gas diffusion layer is smaller than a size of an orthographic projection of the proton exchange membrane layer toward the first gas diffusion layer.
[0026] In some embodiments, the second gas diffusion layer is provided on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, comprising:
[0027] The second gas diffusion layer is disposed on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a hot pressing process.
[0028] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a proton exchange membrane electrode, comprising:
[0029] The proton exchange membrane electrode is prepared by any one of the preparation methods of the proton exchange membrane electrode described in the first aspect.
[0030] In some embodiments, the first catalyst layer includes a cathode catalytic material and the second catalyst layer includes an anode catalytic material.
[0031] The present application provides a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode and a proton exchange membrane electrode. By coating a first catalyst material on the surface of a first gas diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer, the penetration depth of the microporous layer between the first catalyst material and the first gas diffusion layer can be adjusted, thereby increasing the interface matching between the first catalyst layer and the first gas diffusion layer, and at the same time, the gas in the first gas diffusion layer can reach the first catalyst layer faster. By coating an ionomer solution on a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a proton exchange membrane layer, the morphology and pore structure of the surface of the first catalyst layer can be adjusted. , forming an interface structure with strong interaction, which can avoid the damage of water generated during the power generation process to the interface structure, reduce the risk of peeling between the first catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, and facilitate the adjustment of the thickness of the proton exchange membrane layer, which is convenient for reducing the ohmic impedance, and can also reduce the interface resistance, improve the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and form a second catalyst layer by spraying the second catalyst material on the side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, which can further reduce the interface resistance between the second catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, and then can enhance the power generation performance of the proton exchange membrane layer and the catalyst layer, and improve the power generation effect of the proton exchange membrane electrode. In addition, the preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the present application can also reduce the difficulty of preparing the proton exchange membrane electrode, save the preparation cost of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and is suitable for the batch preparation of the proton exchange membrane electrode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or related technical descriptions will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0033] FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a proton exchange membrane electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application.
[0035] Description of reference numerals:
[0036] 100 - first gas diffusion layer, 200 - first catalyst layer, 300 - proton exchange membrane layer, 400 - second catalyst layer, 500 - second gas diffusion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.
[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.
[0039] When used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and " / the" may also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include / comprise" or "have" and the like specify the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof. At the same time, in this specification, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.
[0040] It should be noted that the traditional preparation methods of proton exchange membrane electrodes include catalyst coating membrane method, gas diffusion electrode method and transfer method. The catalyst coating membrane method is to coat the cathode and anode catalysts on both sides of the proton exchange membrane respectively, and then hot press with carbon paper to obtain the same interface structure of the cathode and anode catalyst layer-proton exchange membrane layer in the proton exchange membrane electrode, both of which are in contact with the proton exchange membrane with a flat surface. The contact resistance between the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane is small in this method, but during the formation of the catalyst layer, the solvent may cause the proton exchange membrane to swell, affecting the flatness of the proton exchange membrane, and thus affecting the performance of the proton exchange membrane. The gas diffusion electrode method is to coat the cathode and anode catalysts on the gas diffusion layer respectively, and then hot press with the proton exchange membrane to obtain a symmetrical structure of the cathode and anode catalyst layer-membrane layer interface. This method has a compact structure, but the contact resistance between the membrane and the catalyst layer will be relatively large. The transfer method is to coat the catalyst layer on a transfer substrate to form a catalyst layer, and then transfer the catalyst layer to the surface of the proton exchange membrane through a thermal transfer process. The effect of the solvent in the catalyst on the membrane swelling can be avoided to a certain extent, but the interface resistance between the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane in the obtained proton exchange membrane electrode is relatively large. At the same time, the catalyst layer has undergone a heat drying and a hot pressing process, and the catalyst layer will be more compact, affecting the pore structure in the catalyst layer, and thus affecting the performance of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0041] Therefore, in the traditional preparation method of proton exchange membrane electrode, the surface morphology of the proton exchange membrane is greatly damaged, resulting in poor flatness of the proton exchange membrane. It may also cause changes in the structure of the catalyst layer, causing the interface resistance between the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane to increase, resulting in changes in the internal pore structure of the catalyst layer, affecting the catalytic effect of the catalyst layer, and further affecting the power generation performance of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0042] As shown in FIG1 , a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode, comprising:
[0043] Step S110 : providing a first gas diffusion layer and a second gas diffusion layer.
[0044] Exemplarily, the first gas diffusion layer includes carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, etc., and has a size corresponding to the required effective reaction area of the proton exchange membrane electrode, for example, 2.5 cm to 50 cm x 2.5 cm to 50 cm.
[0045] Step S120 , coating a first catalyst material on one side of the first gas diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer.
[0046] Exemplarily, the thickness of the first catalyst layer is 2 μm to 20 μm, and the depth of penetration of the catalyst layer into the first gas diffusion layer is 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.
[0047] Step S130 , coating an ionomer solution on a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a proton exchange membrane layer.
[0048] Exemplarily, the ionomer solution includes perfluorosulfonic acid, sulfonated polyaromatic and the like solutions, with a mass fraction of 5 wt % to 15 wt %. The thickness of the proton exchange membrane layer is 3 μm to 20 μm.
[0049] Step S140 , disposing a second catalyst material on a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a second catalyst layer.
[0050] Exemplarily, the thickness of the first catalyst layer is 2 μm to 20 μm.
[0051] Step S150 , disposing a second gas diffusion layer on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer.
[0052] Exemplarily, the second gas diffusion layer includes carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, etc., and has a size equal to the area of the second catalyst layer.
[0053] Exemplarily, before the step of coating the first catalyst material on one side of the first gas diffusion layer, the first catalyst material and the second catalyst material can be preformed. The adhesive can be added to the solvent by dripping, ultrasonically dispersed at room temperature to obtain a mixed solvent, and then a certain amount of catalyst powder is taken and added to the dispersed mixed solvent, and ultrasonically dispersed in an ice-water bath, so that the catalyst is dispersed in the mixed solvent to form a first catalyst material and a second catalyst material with a high solid content. Among them, the solid content of the first catalyst slurry and the second catalyst slurry is 10wt% to 30wt%. The above-mentioned adhesive includes a perfluorosulfonic acid dispersion, and the mass fraction of perfluorosulfonic acid is 1wt%-10wt%. The solvent includes alcohols, for example, pure solvents of alcohols such as isopropanol, n-propanol, anhydrous ethanol, or mixed solvents of alcohols and water, and the volume ratio of alcohols to water is 10:1 to 1:10. The dispersion temperature of room temperature ultrasonic dispersion is 20°C to 30°C, and the ultrasonic time is 2min to 10min. The dispersion temperature of ice water bath ultrasonic dispersion is 0°C to 4°C, and the ultrasonic time is 10min to 40min.
[0054] It should be noted that the first catalyst materials include Pt / C, Pt alloys, and MXC (M refers to non-precious metals, X refers to heteroatoms such as N, S, and P, and C refers to activated carbons such as Vulcan-XC-72, BP, and Ketjen); the corresponding second catalyst materials include PtRu / C, Pt / C, and non-precious metal catalysts.
[0055] The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application forms a first catalyst layer by coating a first catalyst material on the surface of a first gas diffusion layer, so that the penetration depth of the microporous layer between the first catalyst material and the first gas diffusion layer can be adjusted, thereby increasing the interface matching between the first catalyst layer and the first gas diffusion layer, and at the same time, the gas in the first gas diffusion layer can reach the first catalyst layer faster. The proton exchange membrane layer is formed by coating an ionomer solution on the side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer. According to the morphology and pore structure of the surface of the first catalyst layer, a strongly interactive interface structure can be formed, which can avoid the damage of the interface structure by water generated during the power generation process, reduce the risk of peeling between the first catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, facilitate the adjustment of the thickness of the proton exchange membrane layer, facilitate the reduction of ohmic impedance, and also reduce the interface resistance, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode. The second catalyst layer is formed by spraying a second catalyst material on the side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, which can further reduce the interface resistance between the second catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, thereby enhancing the power generation performance of the proton exchange membrane layer and the catalyst layer, and improving the power generation effect of the proton exchange membrane electrode. In addition, the preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the present application can also reduce the difficulty of preparing the proton exchange membrane electrode, save the preparation cost of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and is suitable for batch preparation of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0056] In some feasible embodiments, a first catalyst material is coated on one side of a first gas diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer, including: coating the first catalyst material on one side of the first gas diffusion layer by a slit coating process; and drying the first catalyst material by a gradient temperature drying process to obtain the first catalyst layer.
[0057] For example, the slit width may be 10 μm to 100 μm, the coating speed may be 0.1 m / min to 1.5 m / min, and the heating temperature may be 50° C. to 80° C.
[0058] The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application forms the first catalyst layer through a slit coating process, which can improve the formation speed and formation accuracy of the first catalyst layer, further improve the thickness uniformity of the first catalyst layer, prevent pollutants from entering through a closed coating system, improve the utilization rate of the coating slurry, enhance the stability of the coating slurry, further save the preparation cost of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and is suitable for batch preparation of proton exchange membrane electrodes.
[0059] In some feasible embodiments, coating the first catalyst material to one side of the first gas diffusion layer through a slit coating process includes: coating the first catalyst material at least twice through the slit coating process, wherein the coating parameters of at least two slit coating processes are different, and the coating parameters include at least one of coating speed, slit width, heating temperature and waiting time.
[0060] Exemplarily, during the first coating process, the slit width is 60 μm to 100 μm, the coating speed is 0.5 m / min to 1.5 m / min, and the heating temperature is 60° C. to 80° C. After the first coating is completed, wait for 2 min to 10 min to complete the first drying. During the second coating process, the slit width is 10 μm to 80 μm, the coating speed is 0.1 m / min to 1.2 m / min, and the heating temperature is 50° C. to 70° C. to form the first catalyst layer.
[0061] The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application forms the first catalyst layer in steps by multi-layer slit coating, so that the permeation interface between the first gas diffusion layer and the first catalyst layer, and the remaining first catalyst layer are formed separately, thereby improving the ability to regulate the penetration depth of the microporous layer between the first catalyst material and the first gas diffusion layer, and further increasing the interface matching between the first catalyst layer and the first gas diffusion layer, so that the gas in the first gas diffusion layer reaches the first catalyst layer faster, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode and improving the electrical performance of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0062] In some feasible embodiments, an ionomer solution is coated on a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a proton exchange membrane layer, including: spraying the ionomer solution to the side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by an ultrasonic spraying process.
[0063] For example, the ionomer solution can be added into an ultrasonic sprayer, and the spraying speed is set to 10 μL / min to 100 μL / min, and the heating temperature is set to 40° C. to 80° C.
[0064] The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application forms a proton exchange membrane layer through an ultrasonic spraying process, which can improve the thickness uniformity of the proton exchange membrane layer, and can form an interface structure with strong interaction according to the morphology and pore structure of the surface of the first catalyst layer, thereby avoiding the damage of the interface structure by water generated during the power generation process, reducing the risk of peeling between the first catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, facilitating the adjustment of the thickness of the proton exchange membrane layer, facilitating the reduction of ohmic impedance, and also reducing interface resistance, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode and improving the electrical properties of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0065] In some feasible embodiments, the ionomer solution is sprayed onto a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by an ultrasonic spraying process, comprising: spraying the ionomer solution at least twice by an ultrasonic spraying process, wherein the spraying parameters of at least the two ultrasonic spraying processes are different, and the spraying parameters include at least one of a spraying speed, a heating temperature, and a spraying amount.
[0066] For example, in the first spraying process, the spraying speed may be 10 μL / min to 50 μL / min, the heating temperature may be 60° C. to 80° C., and the spraying volume may be 200 μL / cm 2 Up to 900 μL / cm 2 In the second spraying process, the spraying speed can be 40μL / min to 100μL / min, the heating temperature is 40℃ to 70℃, and the spraying volume is 1mL / cm 2 Up to 5mL / cm 2 .
[0067] The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application forms the proton exchange membrane layer in steps through multi-layer ultrasonic spraying, which can further improve the thickness uniformity of the proton exchange membrane layer, enhance the interaction between the first catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, improve the stability, reliability and safety of the interface during the power generation process, reduce the risk of peeling between the first catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, reduce the ohmic impedance, and reduce the interface resistance, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode and improving the electrical performance of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0068] In some feasible embodiments, a second catalyst material is disposed on a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form the second catalyst layer, comprising: spraying the second catalyst material to the side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer through a spraying process.
[0069] For example, the spraying speed may be 10 μL / min to 50 μL / min, and the heating temperature may be 60° C. to 80° C.
[0070] The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application forms the second catalyst layer through a spraying process, which can further improve the thickness uniformity of the second catalyst layer, thereby further reducing the interface resistance between the second catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane layer, and further improving the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode and improving the electrical performance of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0071] In some feasible embodiments, the second catalyst material is sprayed onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer through a spraying process, including: forming a barrier layer on a layer of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, wherein the barrier layer is located at an edge region of the proton exchange membrane layer; spraying the second catalyst material onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer through a spraying process; and removing the barrier layer, wherein a size of an orthographic projection of the second catalyst layer toward the first gas diffusion layer is smaller than a size of an orthographic projection of the proton exchange membrane layer toward the first gas diffusion layer.
[0072] Exemplarily, the barrier layer is used to shield the component structure within 0.5 cm to 1 cm of the edge of the proton exchange membrane layer, so that the size of the orthographic projection of the second catalyst layer toward the first gas diffusion layer is smaller than the size of the orthographic projection of the proton exchange membrane layer toward the first gas diffusion layer.
[0073] In some feasible embodiments, disposing the second gas diffusion layer on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer includes: disposing the second gas diffusion layer on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a hot pressing process.
[0074] Exemplarily, a fixed component with an opening in the middle can be arranged on the surface of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, so that the edge of the second catalyst layer coincides with the edge of the opening of the fixed component, and the second gas diffusion layer is arranged on the surface of the fixed component away from the first gas diffusion layer. The second gas diffusion layer and the second catalyst layer are assembled by a hot pressing process. The material of the fixed component includes a sealing material, and the upper and lower plates are heated to a temperature of 90°C to 150°C during the hot pressing process, the hot pressing pressure is 0.5MPa to 3MPa, and the hot pressing time is 60s to 180s.
[0075] The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application connects the second catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer through a hot pressing process, which can improve the preparation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode, reduce the difficulty of preparing the proton exchange membrane electrode, avoid the swelling effect of the solvent in the catalyst on the proton exchange membrane layer, and further improve the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode and improve the electrical performance of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0076] As shown in FIG2 , the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a proton exchange membrane electrode, comprising: a proton exchange membrane electrode prepared by any one of the proton exchange membrane electrode preparation methods in the first aspect above. The proton exchange membrane electrode comprises: a first gas diffusion layer 100, a first catalyst layer 200, a proton exchange membrane layer 300, a second catalyst layer 400 and a second gas diffusion layer 500.
[0077] The proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application forms the first catalyst layer 200 by coating the first catalyst material on the surface of the first gas diffusion layer 100, so that the penetration depth of the microporous layer between the first catalyst material and the first gas diffusion layer 100 can be adjusted, thereby increasing the interface matching between the first catalyst layer 200 and the first gas diffusion layer 100, and at the same time, the gas in the first gas diffusion layer 100 can reach the first catalyst layer 200 faster. By coating the ionomer solution on the side of the first catalyst layer 200 away from the first gas diffusion layer 100 to form the proton exchange membrane layer 300, the morphology and pore structure of the surface of the first catalyst layer 200 can be formed. The interface structure with strong effect can avoid the damage of water generated during the power generation process to the interface structure, reduce the risk of peeling between the first catalyst layer 200 and the proton exchange membrane layer 300, and can be convenient for adjusting the thickness of the proton exchange membrane layer 300, so as to reduce the ohmic impedance, and can also reduce the interface resistance, improve the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and form the second catalyst layer 400 by spraying the second catalyst material on the side of the proton exchange membrane layer 300 away from the first gas diffusion layer 100, which can further reduce the interface resistance between the second catalyst layer 400 and the proton exchange membrane layer 300, and then can enhance the power generation performance of the proton exchange membrane layer 300 and the catalyst layer, and improve the power generation effect of the proton exchange membrane electrode. In addition, the preparation method of the proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the present application can also reduce the difficulty of preparing the proton exchange membrane electrode, save the preparation cost of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and is suitable for the batch preparation of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0078] In some feasible embodiments, the first catalyst layer 200 includes a cathode catalytic material, and the second catalyst layer 400 includes an anode catalytic material.
[0079] It should be noted that by setting the first catalyst layer 200 as the cathode catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer 400 as the anode catalyst layer, when the hydrogen fuel enters the anode of the fuel cell, it can reach the surface of the second catalyst layer 400 through the diffusion effect of the second gas diffusion layer 500, so that it can be decomposed into positively charged protons (H+) and negatively charged electrons (e-) under the catalytic effect of the second catalyst layer 400, wherein the protons can pass through the proton exchange membrane layer 300 to reach the cathode of the fuel cell, and the electrons are blocked by the proton exchange membrane layer 300 and flow to the cathode through the load along the external circuit. In addition, when oxygen reaches the surface of the first catalyst layer 200 through the first gas diffusion layer 100, it can catalyze the reduction reaction of electrons, protons and oxygen under the catalytic effect of the first catalyst layer 200 to generate water.
[0080] The proton exchange membrane electrode provided in the embodiment of the present application can accelerate the speed at which the gas in the first gas diffusion layer 100 reaches the first catalyst layer 200 by improving the interface matching between the first catalyst layer 200 and the first gas diffusion layer 100, and at the same time, can form an interface structure with strong interaction at the interface between the first catalyst layer 200 and the proton exchange membrane layer 300, thereby avoiding the damage of the interface structure by water generated during the power generation process, reducing the risk of peeling between the first catalyst layer 200 and the proton exchange membrane layer 300, facilitating the adjustment of the thickness of the proton exchange membrane layer 300, facilitating the reduction of ohmic impedance, and reducing interface resistance, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrode, further reducing the interface resistance between the second catalyst layer 400 and the proton exchange membrane layer 300, reducing the overall interface resistance of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and suppressing the power loss during the power generation process, thereby enhancing the power generation performance of the proton exchange membrane layer 300 and the catalyst layer, improving the power generation effect of the proton exchange membrane electrode, and improving the stability and reliability of the proton exchange membrane electrode.
[0081] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "some embodiments", "other embodiments", "ideal embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
[0082] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0083] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent application shall be subject to the attached claims.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode, characterized in that: include: providing a first gas diffusion layer and a second gas diffusion layer; coating a first catalyst material on one side of the first gas diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer; coating an ionomer solution on a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a proton exchange membrane layer; Disposing a second catalyst material on a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a second catalyst layer; The second gas diffusion layer is disposed on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer.
2. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first catalyst material is coated on one side of the first gas diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer, comprising: coating the first catalyst material onto one side of the first gas diffusion layer by a slot coating process; The first catalyst material is dried by a gradient temperature drying process to obtain the first catalyst layer.
3. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of coating the first catalyst material onto one side of the first gas diffusion layer by a slot coating process comprises: The first catalyst material is coated at least twice by a slot coating process, wherein coating parameters of at least two slot coating processes are different, and the coating parameters include at least one of coating speed, slot width, heating temperature and waiting time.
4. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of coating the ionomer solution on the side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a proton exchange membrane layer comprises: The ionomer solution is sprayed onto a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by an ultrasonic spraying process.
5. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of spraying the ionomer solution onto a side of the first catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by an ultrasonic spraying process comprises: The ionomer solution is sprayed at least twice by an ultrasonic spraying process, wherein the spraying parameters of the at least two ultrasonic spraying processes are different, and the spraying parameters include at least one of a spraying speed, a heating temperature and a spraying amount.
6. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second catalyst material is arranged on a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer to form a second catalyst layer, comprising: The second catalyst material is sprayed onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a spraying process.
7. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of spraying the second catalyst material onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a spraying process comprises: forming a barrier layer on a layer of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, wherein the barrier layer is located at an edge region of the proton exchange membrane layer; Spraying a second catalyst material onto a side of the proton exchange membrane layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a spraying process; The barrier layer is removed, wherein a size of an orthographic projection of the second catalyst layer toward the first gas diffusion layer is smaller than a size of an orthographic projection of the proton exchange membrane layer toward the first gas diffusion layer.
8. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second gas diffusion layer is arranged on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer, comprising: The second gas diffusion layer is disposed on a side of the second catalyst layer away from the first gas diffusion layer by a hot pressing process.
9. A proton exchange membrane electrode, characterized in that: include: The proton exchange membrane electrode is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The proton exchange membrane electrode according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first catalyst layer includes a cathode catalytic material, and the second catalyst layer includes an anode catalytic material.