Method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ginger peel residue processing, and particularly relates to a method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder and application of the ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder in antioxidant products. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the powder of the soluble dietary fibers is prepared by taking ginger peel residues as raw materials and coupling a steam explosion technology and a superfine grinding technology. The prepared ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder not only has high-content soluble dietary fibers, but also shows more excellent properties in the aspects of water-holding capacity, expansibility, filling and compression molding performance, grease adsorption capacity and other characteristics compared with those before modification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ginger peel residue processing, and particularly relates to a method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder and application of the method in antioxidant products. Background Art

[0002] Due to its unique flavor and special utilization value, the demand for ginger is increasing year by year with the improvement of people's living standards and the diversification of deep-processed products. At present, ginger products are mainly primary products such as fresh ginger, pickled ginger, and dehydrated ginger. With the rapid development of the modern food industry, the deep processing technology is constantly improving. Health and leisure products such as ginger tea, ginger preserves, and ginger juice drinks with relatively simple processing technology are gradually on the market. Deep-processed products such as ginger essential oil, ginger oleoresin, and ginger protease are also developing rapidly. However, during the process of ginger harvesting, processing, storage and transportation, 20-50% of waste will be generated, mainly including ginger peel residue, ginger straw, etc. In particular, ginger peel residue is rich in dietary fiber, but mainly insoluble dietary fiber. Due to the lack of effective processing technology, the problem of difficult resource utilization is prominent.

[0003] Regarding the extraction and modification of dietary fiber in ginger, a master's thesis has disclosed that the material used is ginger, and the main methods are chemical modification and cellulase modification. After modification, the dietary fiber is characterized. The results in the article show that when the total dietary fiber content of some varieties of ginger is 15.94%, the insoluble dietary fiber content reaches 14.2%; when the total dietary fiber content of some varieties is 17.76%, the insoluble dietary fiber content reaches 15.8%; when the total dietary fiber content of some varieties is 17.95%, the insoluble dietary fiber content reaches 15.7%; it can be seen that most of the dietary fiber in ginger is insoluble dietary fiber. Similarly, most of the ginger peel is insoluble dietary fiber, which has relatively low physiological activity and health care functions and can only be used as fillers or additives. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the insoluble dietary fiber in order to increase the added value and better resource utilization.

[0004] Therefore, how to modify the insoluble dietary fiber contained in ginger peel residue, including maintaining its excellent water holding capacity, swelling power, oil adsorption capacity and other properties after modification, is a key issue in solving the resource utilization of ginger peel residue. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder. The method uses dry ginger peel residue as raw material, and couples steam explosion and ultrafine grinding technology to prepare soluble dietary fiber powder. In this application, the results of modifying the dietary fiber of ginger peel residue by a single ultrafine grinding treatment method are investigated respectively, and the results of modifying the dietary fiber of ginger peel residue by combining steam explosion and ultrafine grinding technology are also investigated, which provides a basic reference for the modification and resource utilization of dietary fiber of ginger peel residue.

[0006] The method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder in the present application comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Take dried ginger peel residue, rehydrate it, and adjust the moisture content to 30-40%;

[0008] (2) Steam explosion treatment of rehydrated materials, control the pressure between 0.9-1.5Mpa; the pressure holding time is between 90-150s;

[0009] (3) Dry the material in (2), coarsely grind it, and then ultrafine grind it for 5-25 minutes.

[0010] Based on the above method, when it is necessary to modify the powder to obtain the smallest average particle size;

[0011] Or, when it is necessary to modify the powder to obtain a powder with high soluble dietary fiber content;

[0012] Alternatively, when it is necessary to obtain a powder with a high DPPH free radical scavenging rate, the ginger peel residue is modified by the following method:

[0013] (1) Take dried ginger peel residue, rehydrate it, and adjust the moisture content to 35%;

[0014] (2) Steam explosion treatment of rehydrated materials, controlling the pressure at 0.9 MPa and the pressure holding time at 150 s;

[0015] (3) Dry the material in (2), coarsely grind it, and then ultrafine grind it for 10 minutes.

[0016] When it is necessary to obtain a powder with a high DPPH free radical scavenging rate, the ginger peel residue can also be modified by the following method:

[0017] (1) Take dried ginger peel residue, rehydrate it, and adjust the moisture content to 35%;

[0018] (2) Steam explosion treatment of rehydrated materials, controlling the pressure at 1.5 MPa and holding the pressure for 90 seconds;

[0019] (3) Dry the material in (2), coarsely grind it, and then ultrafine grind it for 10 minutes.

[0020] Preferably, in (3), during drying, the material is placed in a hot air drying oven and dried at 60° C. to reduce the moisture content of the material to below 12%.

[0021] In addition, the dried material is firstly coarsely pulverized by a pulverizer, and then ultrafinely pulverized by a wall-breaking ultrafine pulverizer.

[0022] The application of the ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder obtained by the modification method in antioxidant products is also the key content to be protected by the present invention. The above product is preferably food.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] (1) In the present application, the steam explosion technology is coupled with the ultrafine grinding technology, and the soluble dietary fiber content in the obtained ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder is much higher than that in the control group and also much higher than that in the single ultrafine grinding modification treatment group; thus providing a new way for the resource utilization of ginger peel residue;

[0025] (2) This application also provides a method for modifying and obtaining ginger peel residue dietary fiber with the smallest average particle size. The average particle size of the obtained powder is significantly lower than that of the control group, with the smallest particle size being only 20.55 μm;

[0026] (3) In the process of modifying the dietary fiber of ginger peel residue in the present application, other properties are significantly enhanced, such as water holding capacity, expansion capacity, filling and compression molding performance, oil adsorption capacity, etc., which are better than before modification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The particle size distribution diagram of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue with different modification treatments;

[0028] Figure 2 The effects of different modification treatments on the microstructure of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue;

[0029] Figure 3 The effect of different modification treatments on the water holding capacity of GPDF ultrafine powder;

[0030] Figure 4 The effect of different modification treatments on the expansion force of GPDF ultrafine powder;

[0031] Figure 5 The effect of different modification treatments on the oil adsorption capacity of GPDF ultrafine powder;

[0032] Figure 6 The effect of different modification treatments on the bulk density of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue;

[0033] Figure 7The effect of different modification treatments on the DPPH free radical scavenging rate of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue;

[0034] Figure 8 The color of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue after different modification treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0036] The raw materials and instruments in this application are as follows:

[0037] Ginger peel residue: provided by Anqiu Linfu Food Co., Ltd.

[0038] Q-80 steam explosion test machine: Hebi Zhengdao Qibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; BW-Z6L low temperature wall-breaking ultrafine pulverizer: Shandong Baishun Machinery Co., Ltd.;

[0039] RXH-B-1 hot air circulation oven: Jiangyin Hongda Powder Equipment Co., Ltd. RH-600A high-speed pulverizer: Yongkang Ronghao Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.;

[0040] BT-9300H laser particle size distribution analyzer: Dandong Better Instrument Co., Ltd.;

[0041] WSC-S Colorimeter: Shanghai Yidian Physical Optical Instrument Co., Ltd. MB23 Moisture Analyzer: Ohaus Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The modified ginger peel residue dietary fiber is prepared by the following specific steps:

[0044] Group 1:

[0045] Preparation of modified ginger peel dietary fiber powder by single ultrafine grinding

[0046] Take 100 g of dry ginger peel residue, coarsely grind it with a high-speed grinder (RH-600A high-speed grinder), and then use a wall-breaking superfine grinder (BW-Z6L low-temperature wall-breaking superfine grinder) for superfine grinding. The superfine grinding times are 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min and 25 min, respectively, corresponding to samples C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5, and the modified ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder is bagged for later use.

[0047] The following treatments were used as controls:

[0048] Take 100 g of dried ginger peel residue, coarsely grind it with a high-speed grinder (RH-600A high-speed grinder), pass it through a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside.

[0049] Group 2:

[0050] Preparation of modified ginger peel dietary fiber powder (hereinafter referred to as GPDF) by steam explosion coupled with ultrafine grinding

[0051] (1) 100 g of dried ginger peel residue was taken, and the moisture content of the material was adjusted to 35% by rehydration overnight, and then steam explosion treatment was performed (equipment: Q-80 steam explosion test machine). After the steam explosion treatment, the material was placed in a hot air oven (RXH-B-1 hot air circulation oven) at 60° C. to dry the moisture content to below 12%;

[0052] (2) The dry material is first coarsely crushed by a high-speed pulverizer, and then ultrafinely crushed by a wall-breaking ultrafine pulverizer;

[0053] Set the following five treatment groups, and the parameters in (1) and (2) are:

[0054] QC1: steam explosion pressure 0.9MPa + pressure holding time 90s + ultrafine grinding time 10min; QC2: steam explosion pressure 0.9MPa + pressure holding time 120s + ultrafine grinding time 10min; QC3: steam explosion pressure 0.9MPa + pressure holding time 150s + ultrafine grinding time 10min; QC4: steam explosion pressure 1.2MPa + pressure holding time 90s + ultrafine grinding time 10min; QC5: steam explosion pressure 1.5MPa + pressure holding time 90s + ultrafine grinding time 10min;

[0055] After processing, the powder is bagged for later use.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Investigate the effects of different treatments on the particle size, specific surface area and microstructure of GPDF powder

[0058] (1) Determination of the particle size and specific surface area of ​​different sample powders in Example 1

[0059] Using isobutanol as sedimentation medium, the particle size distribution and specific surface area of ​​ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue were analyzed by laser particle size distribution analyzer.

[0060] The particle size of a powder not only affects its sensory quality, but also changes the physical, chemical and functional properties of the powder. 10 , D 50 , D 90 They represent the cumulative rates of 10%, 50%, and 90% when the particle size of the powder is less than a certain value, respectively. 50The median value of the particle size, also known as the median diameter or average particle size, is the most representative. Therefore, Table 1 focuses on D 10 , D 50 , D 90 .

[0061] Note: Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05, n=3), the same below.

[0062] Table 1 Effects of different modification treatments on particle size and specific surface area of ​​ginger peel residue ultrafine powder

[0063]

[0064] Attached Figure 1 The particle size distribution diagram of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue with different modification treatments is shown in Table 1 and Appendix. Figure 1 , the analysis is as follows:

[0065] 10 kinds of ultrafine powder D 50 The sizes are:

[0066] QC4>C5>C10>QC1>QC5>QC2>C25>C15>C20>QC3.

[0067] Within a certain range, as the ultrafine grinding time increases, the average particle size of the ginger peel residue ultrafine powder shows a trend of first decreasing and then slightly increasing, reaching a minimum value of 21.82μm at C20. And within a certain range, as the steam pressure holding time increases, the average particle size of the powder decreases significantly, reaching a minimum value of 20.55μm at QC3. Overall, compared with a single ultrafine grinding treatment (C10), the use of steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding treatment can obtain powders with a smaller average particle size. The span is used to characterize the width of the powder particle size distribution. The larger the span, the more dispersed the particle size distribution. From Tables 1 and Figure 1 It can be seen that the most uniform powder size can be obtained by C20 treatment.

[0068] The use of steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding treatment can obtain more uniform powders than single ultrafine grinding. Within a certain range, from the overall point of view, as the ultrafine grinding and steam pressure holding time increase, the specific surface area of ​​the powder gradually increases. The QC3 treatment can obtain the largest specific surface area, reaching 0.266m 2 / g, which is 111% higher than that of single ultrafine grinding treatment (C10), followed by C25 treatment. This shows that appropriate ultrafine grinding and steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding treatment can effectively reduce the particle size of powders, make the powders more uniform and obtain a larger specific surface area.

[0069] To obtain dietary fiber powder with the smallest average particle size, it can be processed according to QC3.

[0070] (2) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the samples in Example 1

[0071] The specific steps are as follows: dry the ultrafine powder sample of ginger peel residue in an oven at 60°C to constant mass, then use sputtering coating method to gold-plate the surface, observe and photograph it under electron microscope, and obtain scanning electron microscope pictures of different magnifications.

[0072] Figure 2 The effect of different modification treatments on the microstructure of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue. Figure 2 It can be seen from the 500-fold magnification that with the extension of ultrafine grinding time, the particle size of GPDF ultrafine powder gradually becomes smaller, more and more uniform. The same rule can be found with the increase of steam explosion pressure and the extension of pressure holding time. This process may degrade the dense structure of macromolecular insoluble dietary fiber into small molecular soluble fiber components with smaller particle size. After 5000 times magnification, with the extension of ultrafine grinding time, pressure holding time and the increase of steam explosion pressure, the surface of the powder particles gradually changes from the original relatively smooth and flat structure to an uneven rough structure. Small microporous cavity structures can also be found in some areas. This structure is loose and prone to breakage and fragmentation. There are many active groups on the surface of ginger fiber molecules themselves, which can adsorb or chelate bile acid, cholesterol, and endogenous and exogenous toxins in the intestine, and are more conducive to the occurrence of various physiological activity reactions. The rough and cavity structures formed after different ultrafine grinding and steam explosion treatments greatly increase the surface area of ​​ginger dietary fiber ultrafine powder, which is conducive to improving its adsorption and physiological activity.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] Investigating the effects of different modification treatments on the dietary fiber content of GPDF ultrafine powder

[0075] Table 2 Effects of different modification treatments on dietary fiber content of GPDF ultrafine powder

[0076]

[0077] Table 2 shows the effects of different modification treatments on the soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content of GPDF ultrafine powder. It can be seen from the table that compared with the control, after ultrafine grinding and steam explosion modification, its SDF increased significantly, while IDF decreased significantly. With the extension of ultrafine grinding time, the SDF content generally increased first and then slightly decreased, with a maximum value at C20, reaching 5.58%, an increase of 66.57% over the control. With the extension of holding time and the increase of steam explosion pressure, SDF showed an upward trend, with a maximum value at QC3, reaching 6.59%, an increase of 96.72% over the control. At the same time, it can be found that the use of steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding modification can significantly increase the SDF content compared with single ultrafine modification, and can be increased by up to 69.85% compared with single ultrafine modification. The reason may be that the material is in the ultrafine grinding chamber, and the high-speed and high-intensity impact of the stainless steel grinding medium, as well as the high-speed collision and shearing between the powders, degrades the long-chain macromolecular insoluble dietary fiber into short-chain small-molecule soluble dietary fiber. The ultrafine grinding time is too long, and part of the SDF is also degraded, resulting in a slight decrease in the SDF content. During the steam explosion process, the insoluble dietary fiber is affected by the thermal effect and the jet impact force generated by the instantaneous pressure relief under high temperature and high pressure conditions, which makes the structure of the ginger dietary fiber loose, and the macromolecular polysaccharides are degraded, and the molecular weight is reduced, resulting in an increase in the soluble dietary fiber content. When the steam explosion pressure intensity is too high, the soluble dietary fiber of ginger is over-degraded, and small molecular monosaccharides or oligosaccharides are generated, which are difficult to be precipitated by ethanol during measurement, resulting in a decrease in the soluble dietary fiber content. The superposition of the two modification treatments of steam explosion and ultrafine grinding can further improve this degradation and conversion effect.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] Investigate the effects of different modification treatments on other properties of GPDF ultrafine powder

[0080] (1) The effects of different modification treatments on the water holding capacity of GPDF ultrafine powder were investigated, as shown in the following table:

[0081] Table 3 Effects of different modification treatments on other properties of GPDF ultrafine powder dietary fiber

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] like Figure 3-Figure 7 As shown, the effects of different modification treatments on the water holding capacity of GPDF ultrafine powder, ultrafine powder expansion capacity, oil adsorption capacity, filling and compression molding performance, and DPPH free radical scavenging rate are shown in turn.

[0085] Combined with Table 3, and Figure 3-Figure 7 Analysis: From Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with the control, the water holding capacity of GPDF ultrafine powder was slightly reduced after steam explosion and low-temperature ultrafine grinding modification. The decrease in the C5 treatment group was the smallest, maintained at 3.96g / g, and the decrease in the QC3 group was the largest, only 2.2g / g.

[0086] About the expansion power of ultrafine powder: expansion power is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber with strong expansion power will produce a sense of fullness, which is conducive to the development of healthy foods such as weight loss. Compared with the control, the expansion power of GPDF ultrafine powder was significantly improved after steam explosion and low-temperature ultrafine grinding modification. Among them, the C5 treatment group had the strongest expansion power, reaching 5.4mL / g, which was 86.85% higher than the control. For steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding treatment, the QC1 treatment group had the best expansion power, reaching 4.63mL / g, which was 60.21% higher than the control.

[0087] Oil absorption capacity: Dietary fiber can effectively absorb oil and other ingredients in the digestive tract of the body, reducing the body's digestion and absorption of oil, and is an ideal food for people with hyperlipidemia and obesity. Compared with the control group, the oil absorption capacity of the product was improved after the QC4 and QC5 scheme modification treatments.

[0088] The action of ultraviolet rays and the presence of free radicals and ROS are the main factors leading to skin aging. The analysis of antioxidant activity such as DPPH radical scavenging rate of ultrafine powder of ginger peel residue can characterize its anti-aging activity. Therefore, this application focuses on the DPPH radical scavenging rate of powders after various modifications. From the perspective of DPPH radical scavenging rate, compared with the control group, QC3 and QC5 can reach about 92%, and QC1 can reach about 91.91%, which shows that after steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding treatment, the DPPH radical scavenging rate of the powder is significantly improved. Therefore, GPDF ultrafine powder can be used in antioxidant foods.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] Investigating the effects of different treatments on the color of ginger peel dietary fiber powder

[0091] Table 4 Effects of different modification treatments on the color of ginger peel residue ultrafine powder

[0092]

[0093] Color is an important indicator for evaluating product quality. In order to maintain the natural properties of the powder, no decolorization was performed in this experiment. As shown in Table 4, the L* values ​​are C20>C25>C10>C15>Control>C5>QC2>QC1>QC3>QC4>QC5.

[0094] In general, the color of ginger residue treated by steam explosion coupled with ultrafine grinding is generally darker than that of ginger residue treated by ultrafine grinding alone, and the color of ginger residue gradually deepens with the increase of steam explosion pressure and holding time. However, the color of ginger residue gradually becomes lighter with the extension of ultrafine grinding time.

[0095] In the a* value, the group treated with gas explosion coupled ultrafine grinding was obviously redder than the control group and the single ultrafine grinding treatment, and for the single ultrafine grinding treatment, the red color of the sample gradually became lighter with the extension of ultrafine grinding time.

[0096] In the b* value, the yellow color of the material after steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding treatment is obviously lighter than that of single ultrafine grinding treatment. It may be that as the ultrafine grinding time increases, some pigment components inside the material are destroyed by factors such as high-speed impact and shear force between materials, resulting in a lighter color. After steam explosion treatment, the internal components of the material are prone to Maillard reaction and caramelization reaction under high temperature and high pressure conditions, producing more dark substances. In summary, in the actual production and application process, it is necessary to select the corresponding processing method based on the specific requirements of the product for color. If you want to obtain a lighter-colored ginger residue ultrafine powder, try to choose a single ultrafine grinding form. If you want to obtain a slightly darker product, you can use steam explosion coupled ultrafine grinding.

Claims

1. A method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Take the dried ginger peel residue, rehydrate it, and adjust the moisture content to 30-40%; (2) After steam explosion treatment of rehydrated materials, the pressure is controlled between 0.9-1.5Mpa; the pressure holding time is between 90-150s; (3) Dry the material in (2), coarsely grind it, and then ultrafine grind it for 5-25 minutes.

2. The method for modifying the ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When modification is required to obtain powder with the smallest average particle size; Or, when it is necessary to modify the powder to obtain a high content of soluble dietary fiber; Alternatively, when it is necessary to obtain a powder with a high DPPH free radical scavenging rate, the ginger peel residue is modified by the following method: (1) Take the dried ginger peel residue, rehydrate it, and adjust the moisture content to 35%; (2) Steam explosion treatment of rehydrated materials, control the pressure at 0.9 MPa and maintain the pressure for 150 seconds; (3) Dry the material in (2), coarsely grind it, and then ultrafine grind it for 10 minutes.

3. The method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When it is necessary to obtain a powder with a high DPPH free radical scavenging rate, the ginger peel residue is modified by the following method: (1) Take the dried ginger peel residue, rehydrate it, and adjust the moisture content to 35%; (2) Steam explosion treatment of rehydrated materials, control the pressure at 1.5 MPa and maintain the pressure for 90 seconds; (3) Dry the material in (2), coarsely grind it, and then ultrafine grind it for 10 minutes.

4. The method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: (3) During drying, the material is placed in a hot air drying oven and dried at 60°C to reduce the moisture content of the material to below 12%.

5. The method for modifying ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: (3) The dried material is firstly coarsely pulverized by a pulverizer and then ultrafinely pulverized by a wall-breaking ultrafine pulverizer.

6. Application of the ginger peel residue dietary fiber powder obtained by modification according to the method described in claim 4 in antioxidant products.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The product described is a food.

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