Aluminum alloy, preparation method, wire drawing method, cable and equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.002 to 0.02 percent of B, 0.50 to 0.60 percent of Si, 0.60 to 0.70 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 1.3 percent of (Mg + Si), 1.16 to 1.25 percent of Mg / Si and the balance of Al. 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Er (Erbium); 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Y; 0.08 to 0.10 percent of Fe; (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) < = 0.008%, and the balance aluminum and inevitable impurities. Impurities are removed by adding a proper amount of B element, so that the conductivity of the obtained material is improved; the tensile strength is improved by adding a proper amount of Mg element; the tensile strength and the heat treatment strengthening performance of the aluminum alloy are improved by adding a proper amount of Si element and controlling the ratio of silicon to magnesium; the refining of the grain size is realized by adding the elements Er and Y; the conductivity is improved by reducing the content of four impurity elements of V, Mn, Cr and Ti; through improved homogenization treatment and aging treatment, the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is also ensured, so that the high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy with good comprehensive performance is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of overhead conductors for power transmission lines, and in particular relates to an aluminum alloy, a preparation method, a wire drawing method, a cable and equipment. Background Art

[0002] How to make full use of line corridors to transmit more electricity and reduce line losses has become a hot topic in the power industry. It is urgent to develop new transmission line technologies that are more energy-saving and economical to support energy conservation, emission reduction, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of power grid transmission lines.

[0003] The Al-Mg-Si alloy system with magnesium and silicon as the main additive elements has a high strength, which can reach more than 1.8 times the strength of electrical hard aluminum. It has significant advantages such as low density, good conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance, and is widely used in the production of all-aluminum conductors. Compared with traditional steel-core aluminum alloy stranded wire, the all-aluminum alloy stranded wire (AAAC) made of Al-Mg-Si alloy monofilaments can well avoid electrical corrosion, which can improve the transmission efficiency and reduce the maintenance cost of the transmission line. Under the same current carrying capacity, the Al-Mg-Si alloy stranded wire has the advantages of high strength, light weight, and large tensile force to weight ratio. Therefore, without changing the height of the line, the Al-Mg-Si alloy stranded wire can increase the span, reduce the number of transmission towers, and reduce the cost of line engineering. It can be used in new transmission lines, lines in heavily polluted and corrosive areas, capacity expansion and transformation lines, ultra-high voltage AC / DC lines, and large-span transmission lines.

[0004] Al-Mg-Si alloy series belong to heat treatment strengthening alloys, and their strength and conductivity can be further controlled by solid solution + aging heat treatment. The precipitation of dispersed strengthening phase β during aging treatment is the main reason for improving the strength of the alloy, but the high-density aging precipitation phase will also increase the scattering of electrons, thus adversely affecting the electrical conductivity of the alloy.

[0005] The mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Al-Mg-Si system aluminum alloy materials are closely related to their microstructural characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution for optimizing the composition formula and adapting the preparation process to achieve the best matching of the mechanical and electrical properties of Al-Mg-Si system aluminum alloy materials, and obtain an aluminum alloy with excellent comprehensive properties of high conductivity and high strength. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of optimal matching of mechanical and electrical properties of Al-Mg-Si system aluminum alloy materials, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy with good comprehensive properties of high conductivity and high strength.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to adopt the following technical solutions to achieve:

[0008] An aluminum alloy comprises the following components in weight percentage: B: 0.002-0.02%, Si: 0.50-0.60%, Mg: 0.60-0.70%, (Mg+Si)≤1.3%, Mg / Si=1.16-1.25; Er: 0.02-0.03%; Y: 0.02-0.03%; Fe: 0.08-0.10%; (Cr+Mn+V+Ti)≤0.008%, and the balance is aluminum and unavoidable impurities.

[0009] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy, which is used to prepare the aluminum alloy. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0010] Melting: Add the following to the molten industrial pure aluminum ingot at 720℃~730℃:

[0011] Add Al-B master alloy for boronization treatment, and the B element content is controlled at 0.002-0.02% by weight;

[0012] After the static treatment, add Al-Si master alloy, the Si element content is controlled within 0.50-0.60% by weight, and stir after melting; add Al-Mg master alloy, the Mg element content is controlled within 0.60-0.70% by weight, and (Mg+Si) is ≤1.3%, Mg / Si=1.16-1.25, and stir after melting; add Al-Er master alloy and Al-Y master alloy, the Er element content is controlled within 0.02-0.03% by weight, and the Y element content is controlled within 0.02-0.03% by weight;

[0013] After the master alloy is completely melted, it is mixed and stirred to obtain a molten aluminum alloy liquid;

[0014] Refining:

[0015] At 720° C.-730° C., high-purity argon gas and a refining agent are introduced from the bottom of the molten aluminum alloy to perform refining to obtain a refined aluminum alloy liquid;

[0016] Filtration and casting:

[0017] The refined aluminum alloy liquid is filtered through a ceramic filter at 710° C.-720° C. to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated mold, and the aluminum alloy ingot is obtained after cooling.

[0018] Preferably, the mixing and stirring comprises: multiple electromagnetic stirrings, each stirring lasting 10 to 15 minutes, with an interval of 10 to 15 minutes between two stirrings.

[0019] Preferably, the ceramic filter screen comprises two-stage filter screens, wherein the porosity of the first-stage filter screen is 70%, and the mesh size is 70-75 meshes, and the porosity of the second-stage filter screen is 80%, and the mesh size is 75-80 meshes.

[0020] Preferably, preheating the mold includes: preheating at 200° C. to 250° C. for 1 h to 2 h.

[0021] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a wire drawing method for aluminum alloy, the method comprising the following steps:

[0022] The aluminum alloy ingot or the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the aluminum alloy preparation method is kept at 530° C.-550° C. for 4-6 hours for homogenization treatment, and then cooled to 480° C.-510° C. and continuously rolled into an aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0023] Drawing the aluminum alloy round rod on a wire drawing machine at a speed of 6-8 m / s, the wire drawing temperature is 40-45° C., and a hard alloy cold drawing die is used for multiple drawing to obtain an aluminum alloy monofilament;

[0024] The aluminum alloy single wire is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace to obtain a single wire made of aluminum alloy.

[0025] Preferably, the aging treatment comprises: aging treatment at 170° C. to 180° C. for 4 to 6 hours, and air cooling to room temperature in the furnace after the aging treatment.

[0026] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a cable, wherein part or all of the conductors of the cable are made of the aluminum alloy mentioned above.

[0027] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a production equipment, which includes: one or more processors; the processor is used to store one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the aluminum alloy preparation method or the aluminum alloy wire drawing method is implemented.

[0028] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a processor-readable storage device on which a control program is stored. When the control program is executed, the aluminum alloy preparation method or the aluminum alloy wire drawing method is implemented.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The invention discloses an aluminum alloy. The single-wire aluminum alloy comprises, by weight percentage, the following: B: 0.002-0.02%, Si: 0.50-0.60%, Mg: 0.60-0.70%, (Mg+Si)≤1.3%, Mg / Si=1.16-1.25; Er: 0.02-0.03%; Y: 0.02-0.03%; Fe: 0.08-0.10%; (Cr+Mn+V+Ti)≤0.008%, and the balance is aluminum and inevitable impurities. The present invention can react with transition impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, and Ti by adding B element, so that they are transformed from a solid solution state to a compound state and deposited at the bottom of the melt, thereby achieving the purpose of purification and improving the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy; by adding Mg element, magnesium and silicon in the Al-Mg-Si alloy form a Mg2Si strengthening phase, which strengthens the alloy and improves the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy; by adding Si element and controlling the silicon-magnesium ratio, the tensile strength and heat treatment strengthening performance of the aluminum alloy are improved; by adding rare earth element Er, the grain size of the aluminum alloy can be refined; by adding a trace amount of rare earth element Y, the second phase distributed at the grain boundary in the aluminum alloy is increased, the resistance of grain boundary migration is increased, thereby hindering the growth of grains and further refining the grains; and by reducing the four impurity elements of V, Mn, Cr, and Ti, the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy can be improved.

[0031] In the aluminum alloy wire drawing method of the present invention, the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy is guaranteed while the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved through homogenization treatment after casting and aging treatment after drawing.

[0032] The invention prepares a high-conductivity, high-strength aluminum alloy for overhead wires with room temperature (20°C) conductivity ≥56.0% IACS, tensile strength ≥305.0 MPa, and elongation ≥3.6% by improving the aluminum alloy formula and improving the wire drawing method, thereby obtaining an aluminum alloy with good comprehensive properties of high conductivity and high strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The metallographic diagram of an aluminum alloy of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to help understand the content of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The purpose of the present invention is to develop a high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy for overhead transmission lines in the power industry, so as to solve the technical problems of low conductivity and large transmission line loss of conventional 52.5% IACS to 53.0% IACS high strength aluminum alloy single wires.

[0037] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses an aluminum alloy, which comprises, by weight percentage, the following: B: 0.002-0.02%, Si: 0.50-0.60%, Mg: 0.60-0.70%, (Mg+Si)≤1.3%, Mg / Si=1.16-1.25; Er: 0.02-0.03%; Y: 0.02-0.03%; Fe: 0.08-0.10%; (Cr+Mn+V+Ti)≤0.008%, and the balance is aluminum and unavoidable impurities.

[0038] The role and mechanism of each alloying element are as follows:

[0039] B: Reducing impurity elements helps improve the conductivity of aluminum conductors. If impurity elements exist in a solid solution state, they have a greater impact on the conductivity. Borization treatment is an effective method to reduce the impurity content. That is, after adding a certain amount of B element to the aluminum alloy, it can react with transition group impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, and Ti, so that it changes from a solid solution state to a compound state and deposits at the bottom of the melt, thereby achieving the purpose of purification and helping to improve the conductivity of the aluminum alloy.

[0040] Mg: Magnesium has a significant effect on strengthening aluminum. For every 1% increase in magnesium, the tensile strength increases by about 34MPa. In Al-Mg-Si alloys, magnesium and silicon will form a Mg2Si strengthening phase, which strengthens the alloy; at the same time, the Mg2Si strengthening phase will also have a certain effect on the electrical conductivity of the alloy. Usually, when the Mg content is low, the conductivity of the alloy is high but the strength is low, but when magnesium is excessive and Mg2Si is fully precipitated after aging treatment, the alloy has a higher conductivity. The present invention achieves a good balance between high strength and high conductivity by controlling the Mg element content.

[0041] Si: Silicon is added to improve the casting performance and welding fluidity of aluminum alloys, and at the same time, it makes aluminum alloys have higher mechanical properties. Since it can form some compounds in the alloy, the alloy can be heat-treated and strengthened. As the Si content increases, the conductivity of the alloy decreases. This is because the amount of free Si in the aluminum matrix increases with the increase of the Si content in the alloy. Si is a semiconductor and has a much higher resistivity than the aluminum matrix. Therefore, an excessive increase in the Si content will reduce the effective conductive cross-sectional area of ​​the aluminum matrix and reduce the conductivity of the alloy.

[0042] Fe: Iron is harmful to the mechanical properties of cast aluminum because it usually appears as coarse primary crystals or in the form of aluminum-iron-silicon compounds, which increase the hardness of aluminum to a certain extent, but reduce the plasticity of aluminum. Iron can increase the strength of aluminum conductors without significantly reducing their conductivity. However, excessive Fe content will significantly increase its resistivity. Therefore, by controlling the content range of iron elements to avoid the formation of coarse crystals, the strength is increased while avoiding a significant decrease in plasticity. The Fe element mainly comes from the industrial pure aluminum ingot raw materials used, and the content is very small, which basically meets the control requirements; at the same time, the rare earth elements Er and Y will also react with trace amounts of Fe elements, and some of the formed compounds are removed in the form of slag. At the same time, during the preparation process, try to avoid contact with iron tools to prevent the introduction of new Fe elements, so that the Fe content in the aluminum alloy meets the requirements of the final control range.

[0043] Er: By adding a trace amount of rare earth element Er, the morphology and size of Si phase in eutectic AlSi alloy or hypereutectic AlSi alloy can be modified. The refinement effect of rare earth Er on aluminum alloy is mainly that during the nucleation and growth of α-Al grains, most of Si and Er atoms cannot enter the grains, and are mainly enriched at the front of the solid-liquid interface, so the composition is supercooled, which hinders the growth of primary α-Al; in addition, Er and Al generate compound Al3Er to provide a core for heterogeneous nucleation, increase the nucleation rate, and achieve grain refinement. In the aging process of Al-Mg-Si alloy, it can promote the formation of other precipitation phases, thereby refining the grain structure, hindering dislocation movement and the merging of subgrain boundaries, increasing the recrystallization temperature, and improving the strength.

[0044] Y: A trace amount of rare earth element Y is added to aluminum. The atomic size of element Y and Al is quite different. Y enters the Al lattice, causing lattice distortion and increasing the free energy of the system. Therefore, in order to reduce the Gibbs free energy of the system, most Y-containing compounds can only be distributed at the grain boundaries to form tiny rare earth compounds. On the other hand, due to the addition of Y, the second phase distributed at the grain boundaries in the aluminum alloy increases, and the resistance to grain boundary migration increases, thereby hindering the growth of grains and refining the grains. In addition, the generated Al3Y can serve as the core of heterogeneous nucleation, increasing the nucleation rate, thereby achieving the effect of refining the grains.

[0045] V, Mn, Cr, Ti: These four elements are impurity elements in electrical pure aluminum. When Cr, Mn, V, and Ti impurity elements in aluminum exist in a solid solution state, they can easily absorb free electrons in the material and fill their incomplete electron layers. The reduction in the number of free electrons that play a conductive role will lead to an increase in the resistivity of the aluminum material. Studies have shown that the harmful effect of each 1% (Cr+Mn+V+Ti) of impurity elements on the conductivity of aluminum conductors is 5 times that of each 1% of Si elements. It can be seen that strictly controlling the content of Cr, Mn, V, and Ti impurity elements plays an important role in ensuring the conductivity of aluminum conductors.

[0046] The present invention can react with transition group impurity elements Cr, Mn, V, Ti, etc. by adding B element, so that they are transformed from solid solution state to chemical state and deposited at the bottom of the melt, thereby achieving the purpose of purification and improving the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy; by adding Mg element, magnesium and silicon in the Al-Mg-Si alloy will form Mg2Si strengthening phase, which has a strengthening effect on the alloy and improves the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy; by adding Si element and controlling the silicon-magnesium ratio, the tensile strength and heat treatment strengthening performance of the aluminum alloy are improved; by adding rare earth element Er, the grain size of the aluminum alloy can be refined; by adding a trace amount of rare earth element Y, the distribution of The second phase at the grain boundary increases, and the resistance to grain boundary migration increases, thereby hindering the growth of grains and further refining the grains; the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy can be improved by reducing the four impurity elements of V, Mn, Cr, and Ti; through the homogenization treatment after casting and the aging treatment after drawing, the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved while the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy is also guaranteed, thereby preparing a high-conductivity, high-strength single-wire aluminum alloy for overhead wires with a room temperature (20°C) electrical conductivity ≥56.0% IACS, a tensile strength ≥305.0MPa, and an elongation ≥3.6%, thereby obtaining a single-wire aluminum alloy with good comprehensive properties of high conductivity and high strength.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy, the components and their mass percentages are:

[0049]

[0050] The method for preparing the above-mentioned high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

[0051] 1) Melting: After melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with an Al purity of 99.7% (mass percentage) at 750° C., the master alloys are added in sequence at 730° C., wherein the mass percentage of B in the Al-B master alloy is 2.0%, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Mg in the Al-Mg master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Er in the Al-Er master alloy is 2%, and the mass percentage of Y in the Al-Y master alloy is 2%;

[0052] 2) Refining: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1) is controlled at 730° C. High-purity argon gas (purity of 99.99%) and a refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid. After ventilation for 15 minutes, the liquid is stirred for 20 minutes and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging.

[0053] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is filtered through an Al2O3 double-stage ceramic filter at 720°C to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0054] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is homogenized and then continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;

[0055] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn into a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament through 12 passes;

[0056] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace; after the aging treatment, the monofilament is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to finally obtain a 3.84 mm diameter high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy round monofilament material.

[0057] Specifically, the order of adding the intermediate alloys in step 1) is as follows: adding Al-B intermediate alloy at 730°C, and electromagnetically stirring the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times; standing for 30 minutes after the boronization treatment is completed; adding Al-Si intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, then adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, and finally adding Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy at 730°C. Use a stirrer to electromagnetically stir the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times. Then stand for 30 minutes;

[0058] Specifically, the amount of the refining agent added in step 2) is 0.30% of the total amount of the charge;

[0059] Specifically, the Al2O3 ceramic filter screen of the double-stage filtration in step 3) has a first-stage filter screen mesh of 70 mesh and a second-stage filter screen mesh of 75 mesh; the copper mold preheating temperature is 250°C, and the preheating time is 1.0h; the size of the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is Ф23mm×380mm;

[0060] Specifically, the aluminum alloy ingot described in step 4) is first subjected to a homogenization treatment at 550° C. for 4 hours before rolling, and then cooled to 510° C. and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0061] Specifically, the 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod described in step 5) is drawn using a hard alloy cold drawing die, the drawing speed is 8 m / s, and the drawing temperature is 45° C.;

[0062] Specifically, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round single wire in step 6) is 180° C., and the aging treatment time is 4 hours.

[0063] The stirring in the present invention is carried out while maintaining the temperature.

[0064] The high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy prepared by the above scheme has a room temperature (20° C.) conductivity of 56.0% IACS, a tensile strength of 314.0 MPa, and an elongation of 4.3%. Figure 1 The metallographic diagram of a high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy of the present invention.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] A high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy, the components and their mass percentages are:

[0067]

[0068] The method for preparing the above-mentioned high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

[0069] 1) Melting: After melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with an Al purity of 99.7% (mass percentage) at 730° C., the master alloys are added in sequence at 720° C., wherein the mass percentage of B in the Al-B master alloy is 2.0%, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Mg in the Al-Mg master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Er in the Al-Er master alloy is 2%, and the mass percentage of Y in the Al-Y master alloy is 2%;

[0070] 2) Refining: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1) is controlled at 720° C. High-purity argon gas (purity of 99.99%) and a refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid. After ventilation for 10 minutes, the liquid is stirred for 20 minutes and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging.

[0071] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is filtered through an Al2O3 double-stage ceramic filter at 710°C to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0072] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is homogenized and then continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;

[0073] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn into a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament through 12 passes;

[0074] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace; after the aging treatment, the monofilament is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to finally obtain a 3.84 mm diameter high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy round monofilament material.

[0075] Specifically, the order of adding the intermediate alloys in step 1) is as follows: adding Al-B intermediate alloy at 720°C, and electromagnetically stirring the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between two times; standing for 30 minutes after the boronization treatment is completed; adding Al-Si intermediate alloy at 720°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, then adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy at 720°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, and finally adding Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy together at 730°C. Use a stirrer to electromagnetically stir the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 10 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 10 minutes between two times. Then stand for 30 minutes;

[0076] Specifically, the amount of the refining agent added in step 2) is 0.25% of the total amount of the charge;

[0077] Specifically, the Al2O3 ceramic filter screen of the double-stage filtration in step 3) has a first-stage filter screen mesh of 75 mesh and a second-stage filter screen mesh of 80 mesh; the preheating temperature of the copper mold is 200°C and the preheating time is 2.0h; the size of the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is Ф23mm×380mm;

[0078] Specifically, the aluminum alloy ingot described in step 4) is first subjected to a homogenization treatment at 530° C. for 6 hours before rolling, and then cooled to 480° C. and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0079] Specifically, the 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod described in step 5) is drawn using a hard alloy cold drawing die, the drawing speed is 6 m / s, and the drawing temperature is 40° C.;

[0080] Specifically, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round single wire in step 6) is 170° C., and the aging treatment time is 6 hours.

[0081] The high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy prepared by the above scheme has a room temperature (20° C.) conductivity of 56.2% IACS, a tensile strength of 310.2 MPa, and an elongation of 4.1%.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] A high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy, the components and their mass percentages are:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] The method for preparing the above-mentioned high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

[0087] 1) Melting: After melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with an Al purity of 99.7% (mass percentage) at 730° C., add master alloys in sequence at 730° C., wherein the mass percentage of B in the Al-B master alloy is 2.0%, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Mg in the Al-Mg master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Er in the Al-Er master alloy is 2%, and the mass percentage of Y in the Al-Y master alloy is 2%;

[0088] 2) Refining: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1) is controlled at 730° C. High-purity argon gas (purity of 99.99%) and a refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid. After ventilation for 15 minutes, the liquid is stirred for 20 minutes and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging.

[0089] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is filtered through an Al2O3 double-stage ceramic filter at 720°C to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0090] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is homogenized and then continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;

[0091] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn into a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament through 12 passes;

[0092] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace; after the aging treatment, the monofilament is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to finally obtain a 3.84 mm diameter high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy round monofilament material.

[0093] Specifically, the order of adding the intermediate alloys in step 1) is as follows: adding Al-B intermediate alloy at 730°C, and electromagnetically stirring the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times; standing for 30 minutes after the boronization treatment is completed; adding Al-Si intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, then adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, and finally adding Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy at 730°C. Use a stirrer to electromagnetically stir the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times. Then stand for 30 minutes;

[0094] Specifically, the amount of the refining agent added in step 2) is 0.25% of the total amount of the charge;

[0095] Specifically, the Al2O3 ceramic filter screen of the double-stage filtration in step 3) has a first-stage filter screen mesh of 70 mesh and a second-stage filter screen mesh of 80 mesh; the preheating temperature of the copper mold is 230°C and the preheating time is 2.0h; the size of the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is Ф23mm×380mm;

[0096] Specifically, the aluminum alloy ingot described in step 4) is first subjected to a homogenization treatment at 550° C. for 4 hours before rolling, and then cooled to 510° C. and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0097] Specifically, the 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod described in step 5) is drawn using a hard alloy cold drawing die, the drawing speed is 6 m / s, and the drawing temperature is 45° C.;

[0098] Specifically, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round single wire in step 6) is 175° C., and the aging treatment time is 5 hours.

[0099] The high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy prepared by the above scheme has a room temperature (20° C.) conductivity of 56.4% IACS, a tensile strength of 305.4 MPa, and an elongation of 3.6%.

[0100] Example 5

[0101] A high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy, the components and their mass percentages are:

[0102]

[0103] The method for preparing the above-mentioned high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

[0104] 1) Melting: After melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with an Al purity of 99.7% (mass percentage) at 740° C., the master alloys are added in sequence at 725° C., wherein the mass percentage of B in the Al-B master alloy is 2.0%, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Mg in the Al-Mg master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Er in the Al-Er master alloy is 2%, and the mass percentage of Y in the Al-Y master alloy is 2%;

[0105] 2) Refining: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1) is controlled at 725° C. High-purity argon gas (purity of 99.99%) and a refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid. After ventilation for 15 minutes, the liquid is stirred for 20 minutes and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging.

[0106] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is filtered through an Al2O3 double-stage ceramic filter at 715°C to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0107] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is homogenized and then continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;

[0108] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn into a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament through 12 passes;

[0109] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace; after the aging treatment, the monofilament is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to finally obtain a 3.84 mm diameter high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy round monofilament material.

[0110] Specifically, the order of adding the intermediate alloys in step 1) is as follows: adding Al-B intermediate alloy at 725°C, and electromagnetically stirring the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between two times; standing for 30 minutes after the boronization treatment is completed; adding Al-Si intermediate alloy at 725°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, then adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy at 725°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, and finally adding Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy together at 725°C. Use a stirrer to electromagnetically stir the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between two times. Then stand for 30 minutes;

[0111] Specifically, the amount of the refining agent added in step 2) is 0.26% of the total amount of the charge;

[0112] Specifically, the Al2O3 ceramic filter screen of the double-stage filtration in step 3) has a first-stage filter screen mesh of 70 mesh and a second-stage filter screen mesh of 80 mesh; the copper mold preheating temperature is 250°C, and the preheating time is 1.5h; the size of the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is Ф23mm×380mm;

[0113] Specifically, the aluminum alloy ingot described in step 4) is first subjected to a homogenization treatment at 540° C. for 5 hours before rolling, and then cooled to 500° C. and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0114] Specifically, the 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod described in step 5) is drawn using a hard alloy cold drawing die, the drawing speed is 7 m / s, and the drawing temperature is 45° C.;

[0115] Specifically, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round single wire in step 6) is 175° C., and the aging treatment time is 4 hours.

[0116] The room temperature (20° C.) conductivity of the high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy prepared by the above scheme is 56.3% IACS, the tensile strength is 308.1 MPa, and the elongation is 3.8%.

[0117] Example 6

[0118] A high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy, the components and their mass percentages are:

[0119]

[0120] The method for preparing the above-mentioned high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

[0121] 1) Melting: After melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with an Al purity of 99.7% (mass percentage) at 730° C., add master alloys in sequence at 730° C., wherein the mass percentage of B in the Al-B master alloy is 2.0%, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Mg in the Al-Mg master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Er in the Al-Er master alloy is 2%, and the mass percentage of Y in the Al-Y master alloy is 2%;

[0122] 2) Refining: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1) is controlled at 720° C. High-purity argon gas (purity of 99.99%) and a refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid. After ventilation for 15 minutes, the liquid is stirred for 20 minutes and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging.

[0123] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is filtered through an Al2O3 double-stage ceramic filter at 720°C to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0124] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is homogenized and then continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;

[0125] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn into a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament through 12 passes;

[0126] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace; after the aging treatment, the monofilament is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to finally obtain a 3.84 mm diameter high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy round monofilament material.

[0127] Specifically, the order of adding the intermediate alloys in step 1) is as follows: adding Al-B intermediate alloy at 730°C, and electromagnetically stirring the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times; standing for 30 minutes after the boronization treatment is completed; adding Al-Si intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, then adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, and finally adding Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy at 730°C. Use a stirrer to electromagnetically stir the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times. Then stand for 30 minutes;

[0128] Specifically, the amount of the refining agent added in step 2) is 0.25% of the total amount of the charge;

[0129] Specifically, the Al2O3 ceramic filter screen of the double-stage filtration in step 3) has a first-stage filter screen mesh of 75 mesh and a second-stage filter screen mesh of 80 mesh; the preheating temperature of the copper mold is 230°C and the preheating time is 2h; the size of the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is Ф23mm×380mm;

[0130] Specifically, the aluminum alloy ingot described in step 4) is first subjected to a homogenization treatment at 530° C. for 5 hours before rolling, and then cooled to 490° C. and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0131] Specifically, the 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod described in step 5) is drawn using a hard alloy cold drawing die, the drawing speed is 6 m / s, and the drawing temperature is 40° C.;

[0132] Specifically, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round single wire in step 6) is 170° C., and the aging treatment time is 5 hours.

[0133] The room temperature (20° C.) conductivity of the high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy prepared by the above scheme is 56.1% IACS, the tensile strength is 312.5 MPa, and the elongation is 4.2%.

[0134] Example 7

[0135] A high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy, the components and their mass percentages are:

[0136]

[0137] The method for preparing the above-mentioned high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

[0138] 1) Melting: After melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with an Al purity of 99.7% (mass percentage) at 730° C., add master alloys in sequence at 730° C., wherein the mass percentage of B in the Al-B master alloy is 2.0%, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Mg in the Al-Mg master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Er in the Al-Er master alloy is 2%, and the mass percentage of Y in the Al-Y master alloy is 2%;

[0139] 2) Refining: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1) is controlled at 720° C. High-purity argon gas (purity of 99.99%) and a refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid. After ventilation for 15 minutes, the liquid is stirred for 20 minutes and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging.

[0140] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is filtered through an Al2O3 double-stage ceramic filter at 720°C to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0141] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is homogenized and then continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;

[0142] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn into a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament through 12 passes;

[0143] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace; after the aging treatment, the monofilament is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to finally obtain a 3.84 mm diameter high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy round monofilament material.

[0144] Specifically, the order of adding the intermediate alloys in step 1) is as follows: adding Al-B intermediate alloy at 730°C, and electromagnetically stirring the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times; standing for 30 minutes after the boronization treatment is completed; adding Al-Si intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, then adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, and finally adding Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy at 730°C. Use a stirrer to electromagnetically stir the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times. Then stand for 30 minutes;

[0145] Specifically, the amount of the refining agent added in step 2) is 0.25% of the total amount of the charge;

[0146] Specifically, the Al2O3 ceramic filter screen of the double-stage filtration in step 3) has a first-stage filter screen mesh of 75 mesh and a second-stage filter screen mesh of 80 mesh; the preheating temperature of the copper mold is 230°C and the preheating time is 2h; the size of the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is Ф23mm×380mm;

[0147] Specifically, the aluminum alloy ingot described in step 4) is first subjected to a homogenization treatment at 530° C. for 5 hours before rolling, and then cooled to 490° C. and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0148] Specifically, the 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod described in step 5) is drawn using a hard alloy cold drawing die, the drawing speed is 6 m / s, and the drawing temperature is 40° C.;

[0149] Specifically, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round single wire in step 6) is 170° C., and the aging treatment time is 5 hours.

[0150] The high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy prepared by the above scheme has a room temperature (20° C.) conductivity of 56.6% IACS, a tensile strength of 305.2 MPa, and an elongation of 3.6%.

[0151] Example 8

[0152] A high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy, the components and their mass percentages are:

[0153]

[0154] The method for preparing the above-mentioned high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

[0155] 1) Melting: After melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with an Al purity of 99.7% (mass percentage) at 730° C., add master alloys in sequence at 730° C., wherein the mass percentage of B in the Al-B master alloy is 2.0%, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Mg in the Al-Mg master alloy is 10%, the mass percentage of Er in the Al-Er master alloy is 2%, and the mass percentage of Y in the Al-Y master alloy is 2%;

[0156] 2) Refining: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1) is controlled at 720° C. High-purity argon gas (purity of 99.99%) and a refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid. After ventilation for 15 minutes, the liquid is stirred for 20 minutes and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging.

[0157] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is filtered through an Al2O3 double-stage ceramic filter at 720°C to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0158] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is homogenized and then continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;

[0159] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn into a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament through 12 passes;

[0160] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace; after the aging treatment, the monofilament is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to finally obtain a 3.84 mm diameter high conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy round monofilament material.

[0161] Specifically, the order of adding the intermediate alloys in step 1) is as follows: adding Al-B intermediate alloy at 730°C, and electromagnetically stirring the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times; standing for 30 minutes after the boronization treatment is completed; adding Al-Si intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, then adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy at 730°C, stirring and keeping warm for 20 minutes, and finally adding Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy at 730°C. Use a stirrer to electromagnetically stir the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 15 minutes each time, for a total of 3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes between the two times. Then stand for 30 minutes;

[0162] Specifically, the amount of the refining agent added in step 2) is 0.25% of the total amount of the charge;

[0163] Specifically, the Al2O3 ceramic filter screen of the double-stage filtration in step 3) has a first-stage filter screen mesh of 75 mesh and a second-stage filter screen mesh of 80 mesh; the preheating temperature of the copper mold is 230°C and the preheating time is 2h; the size of the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is Ф23mm×380mm;

[0164] Specifically, the aluminum alloy ingot described in step 4) is first subjected to a homogenization treatment at 530° C. for 5 hours before rolling, and then cooled to 490° C. and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0165] Specifically, the 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod described in step 5) is drawn using a hard alloy cold drawing die, the drawing speed is 6 m / s, and the drawing temperature is 40° C.;

[0166] Specifically, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round single wire in step 6) is 170° C., and the aging treatment time is 5 hours.

[0167] The room temperature (20° C.) conductivity of the high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy prepared by the above scheme is 56.0% IACS, the tensile strength is 314.6 MPa, and the elongation is 4.3%.

[0168] The comparative analysis of the effects of each implementation technology is as follows:

[0169] Table 1 Composition of aluminum alloy monofilament materials prepared in Example (wt%)

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] Table 2 Performance test results of aluminum alloy monofilament prepared in Example

[0173]

[0174] From the data analysis of Table 2, it can be seen that the comprehensive performance of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material of the present invention has obvious advantages, especially the room temperature (20°C) electrical conductivity ≥56.0% IACS, room temperature tensile strength ≥305.0 MPa, and elongation ≥3.6%.

[0175] Example 9

[0176] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy, which is used to prepare an aluminum alloy as described in any one of Examples 1-8, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0177] 1) Melting: Select industrial pure aluminum ingots (purity ≥ 99.7% Al) and add them into the melting furnace for melting, and the melting temperature is maintained at 730℃~750℃; after the industrial pure aluminum ingots are completely melted, add Al-B master alloy (B content is 2% by mass) at 720℃~730℃ for boronization treatment; after standing for 30 minutes, keep warm at 720℃~730℃, add Al-Si master alloy (Si content is 10% by mass) and stir, keep warm for 20 minutes; add Al-Mg master alloy (Mg content is 10% by mass) at 720℃~730℃ and stir, keep warm for 20 minutes; finally add Al-Er (Er content is 2% by mass) and Al-Y (Y content is 2% by mass) master alloys. After the master alloy is completely melted, the aluminum alloy liquid is electromagnetically stirred, each stirring is 10~15 minutes, a total of 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10~15 minutes;

[0178] 2) Refining: The temperature of the aluminum alloy solution is controlled within the range of 720°C to 730°C, and a powdered refining agent is introduced into the bottom of the aluminum alloy solution obtained in step 1) using an inert gas argon (gas purity is 99.99%), and after aeration for 10 to 15 minutes, the mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes before slagging; the amount of the refining agent added is approximately 0.25% to 0.30% of the total amount of the charge;

[0179] 3) Filtration and casting: The aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 2) is first filtered through an aluminum oxide ceramic filter at 710° C. to remove impurities, wherein the porosity of the first filter is 70%, the mesh size is 70 to 75 meshes, and the porosity of the second filter is 80%, and the mesh size is 75 to 80 meshes; after the aluminum alloy liquid is filtered, it is cast at 710° C. to 720° C. in a copper mold that has been preheated at 200° C. to 250° C. for 1 h to 2 h to prepare an aluminum alloy ingot with a size of 23 mm × 380 mm;

[0180] 4) homogenization and rolling: the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in step 3) is kept at 530°C to 550°C for 4 to 6 hours, then cooled to 480°C to 510°C and continuously rolled into a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0181] 5) Wire drawing: The aluminum alloy round rod obtained in step 4) is drawn on a wire drawing machine at a speed of 6-8 m / s, and the wire drawing temperature is 40-45° C.; a hard alloy cold drawing die is used for 12 passes to obtain a 3.84 mm aluminum alloy round monofilament;

[0182] 6) Aging treatment: The aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained in step 5) is aged in a box-type heat treatment furnace for 4 to 6 hours at an aging temperature of 170°C to 180°C; after the aging, the monofilament is air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament with a diameter of 3.84 mm.

[0183] In the preparation method provided by the invention, Al-B master alloy is added and left to stand for 30 minutes, and then Al-Si master alloy, Al-Mg master alloy, Al-Er master alloy and Al-Y master alloy are added.

[0184] In the preparation method provided by the present invention, in step 1), after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is melted, an Al-B master alloy is added at 720° C. to 730° C. and allowed to stand for 30 minutes, an Al-Si master alloy is added at 720° C. to 730° C., stirred and kept warm for 20 minutes, then an Al-Mg master alloy is added at 720° C. to 730° C., stirred and kept warm for 20 minutes, and finally an Al-Er master alloy and an Al-Y master alloy are added together at 720° C. to 730° C.

[0185] The room temperature electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy for high-strength monofilament provided by the invention is ≥56.0% IACS, the tensile strength is ≥305.0 MPa, and the elongation is ≥3.6%.

[0186] The present invention can reduce the impurity content of the aluminum alloy and improve the electrical conductivity by adding B, Si, Mg, Er and Y elements to the aluminum alloy, and can also improve the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy by aging precipitation phase, thereby ensuring that the aluminum alloy material has high electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties. Its process characteristics are: firstly smelting, when the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted at 730℃~750℃, adding Al-B master alloy at 720℃~730℃ for boronization treatment, then adding Al-Si master alloy at 720℃~730℃, then adding Al-Mg at 720℃~730℃, and finally adding Al-Er and Al-Y master alloy at 720℃~730℃. The aluminum liquid is stirred with a mixer to make the alloy elements fully homogenized; the aluminum liquid is refined by dehydrogenation and slag removal with a refining agent, and the slag is removed after standing for 30 minutes; the aluminum alloy liquid is cast after double-stage filtration and impurity removal with an aluminum oxide ceramic filter, and a copper mold preheated at 200℃~250℃ is used to cast a 23mm×380mm aluminum alloy ingot; the aluminum alloy ingot is kept at 530℃~550℃ for 4~6h by homogenization and rolling, and then cooled to 480℃~510℃. After 0℃, the aluminum alloy round rod with a diameter of 9.5mm is continuously rolled by a rolling mill; the aluminum alloy round rod with a diameter of 9.5mm is drawn on a wire drawing machine at a speed of 6-8m / s, and a hard alloy cold drawing die is used for 12 drawing passes to obtain a Ф3.84mm aluminum alloy round monofilament; the obtained aluminum alloy round monofilament is heat treated at an aging temperature of 170℃-180℃ for 4-6h in a box-type heat treatment furnace, and air-cooled to room temperature after the aging, finally obtaining a Ф3.84mm high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy round monofilament.

[0187] The present invention adds trace amounts of B, Er and Y elements to the Al-Mg-Si alloy, and through homogenization treatment after casting and aging treatment after drawing, the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved while the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is also guaranteed. Thus, a high-conductivity and high-strength single-wire aluminum alloy for overhead wires with room temperature (20°C) conductivity ≥56.0% IACS, tensile strength ≥305.0MPa, and elongation ≥3.6% is prepared.

[0188] Example 10

[0189] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a wire drawing method for aluminum alloy, the method comprising the following steps:

[0190] The aluminum alloy ingot or the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the aluminum alloy preparation method is kept at 530° C.-550° C. for 4-6 hours for homogenization treatment, and then cooled to 480° C.-510° C. and continuously rolled into an aluminum alloy round rod through a rolling mill;

[0191] Drawing the aluminum alloy round rod on a wire drawing machine at a speed of 6-8 m / s, at a wire drawing temperature of 40-45° C., using a hard alloy cold drawing die for multiple drawing processes to obtain an aluminum alloy monofilament;

[0192] The aluminum alloy single wire is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace to obtain the single wire made of aluminum alloy.

[0193] Preferably, the aging treatment comprises: aging treatment at 170° C. to 180° C. for 4 to 6 hours, and air cooling to room temperature in the furnace after the aging treatment.

[0194] For technical features and parameters not mentioned, please refer to Examples 1-9. Technical terms not described in detail are all prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0195] Embodiment 11

[0196] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a cable, wherein part or all of the conductors of the cable are made of an aluminum alloy as described in any one of Examples 1-8.

[0197] Example 12

[0198] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a production equipment, which includes: one or more processors; the processor is used to store one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, an aluminum alloy preparation method as described in Example 9 is implemented or an aluminum alloy wire drawing method as described in Example 10 is implemented.

[0199] The memory is used to store a computer program, and the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, which is suitable for implementing one or more instructions, and is specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to implement the corresponding method flow or corresponding function, so as to implement the steps of a method for preparing an aluminum alloy as described in Example 9, or to implement the steps of a wire drawing method of an aluminum alloy as described in Example 10.

[0200] Embodiment 13

[0201] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a processor-readable storage device on which a control program is stored. When the control program is executed, an aluminum alloy preparation method as described in Example 9 or an aluminum alloy wire drawing method as described in Example 10 is implemented.

[0202] The processor-readable storage device is specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device for storing programs and data. It is understandable that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both built-in storage media in a computer device and, of course, extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides a storage space, which stores the operating system of the terminal. In addition, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored in the storage space, and these instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the steps of a method for preparing an aluminum alloy as described in Example 9, or to implement the steps of a wire drawing method for an aluminum alloy as described in Example 10.

[0203] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy includes the following components by weight percentage: B: 0.002-0.02%, Si: 0.50-0.60%, Mg: 0.60-0.70%, (Mg+Si)≤1.3%, Mg / Si=1.16~1.25; Er: 0.02~0.03%; Y：0.02～0.03％； Fe: 0.08~0.10%; (Cr+Mn+V+Ti)≤0.008%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurities.

2. A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, characterized in that: For preparing an aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, the preparation method comprises the following steps: Smelting: At 720℃~730℃, add the following to the molten industrial pure aluminum ingot: Add Al-B master alloy for boronization treatment, and the B element content is controlled at 0.002-0.02% by weight; After the static treatment, add Al-Si master alloy, the Si content is controlled at 0.50-0.60% by weight, and then melt and keep warm with stirring; add Al-Mg master alloy, the Mg content is controlled at 0.60-0.70% by weight, and (Mg+Si) is ≤1.3%, Mg / Si=1.16-1.25, and then melt and keep warm with stirring; Adding Al-Er master alloy, the Er element content is controlled at 0.02-0.03% by weight; Add Al-Y master alloy, the Y element content is controlled at 0.02-0.03% by weight; After the master alloy is completely melted, it is mixed and stirred to obtain a molten aluminum alloy liquid; Refining: At 720° C.-730° C., high-purity argon gas and a refining agent are introduced from the bottom of the molten aluminum alloy to perform refining to obtain a refined aluminum alloy liquid; Filtration and casting: The refined aluminum alloy liquid is filtered through a ceramic filter at 710° C.-720° C. to remove impurities, and then cast into a preheated mold, and the aluminum alloy ingot is obtained after cooling.

3. A method for preparing an aluminum alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixing and stirring comprises: multiple electromagnetic stirrings, each stirring lasts for 10 to 15 minutes, and an interval of 10 to 15 minutes between two stirrings.

4. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ceramic filter screen comprises two-stage filter screens, wherein the porosity of the first-stage filter screen is 70%, and the mesh size is 70-75 meshes, and the porosity of the second-stage filter screen is 80%, and the mesh size is 75-80 meshes.

5. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: Preheating the mold includes: preheating at 200° C. to 250° C. for 1 h to 2 h.

6. A wire drawing method for aluminum alloy, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: The aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1 or the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the aluminum alloy preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 5 is kept at 530° C. to 550° C. for 4 to 6 hours for homogenization treatment, then cooled to 480° C. to 510° C., and continuously rolled into aluminum alloy round rods through a rolling mill; Drawing the aluminum alloy round rod on a wire drawing machine at a speed of 6-8 m / s, the wire drawing temperature is 40-45° C., and a hard alloy cold drawing die is used for multiple drawing to obtain an aluminum alloy monofilament; The aluminum alloy single wire is subjected to aging treatment in a box-type heat treatment furnace to obtain the single wire made of the aluminum alloy.

7. A wire drawing method for aluminum alloy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The aging treatment comprises: aging treatment at 170° C. to 180° C. for 4 to 6 hours, followed by air cooling to room temperature.

8. A cable, characterized in that: Part or all of the conductors of the cable are made of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1.

9. A production equipment, characterized in that: The device includes: one or more processors; the processor is used to store one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, an aluminum alloy preparation method as described in any one of claims 2 to 5 is implemented or an aluminum alloy wire drawing method as described in claim 6 or 7 is implemented.

10. A processor-readable storage device, characterized in that: A control program is stored thereon, and when the control program is executed, an aluminum alloy preparation method as described in any one of claims 2 to 5 or an aluminum alloy wire drawing method as described in claim 6 or 7 is implemented.

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