Modular road temperature control anti-freezing device and method based on phase change material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of road temperature control, and particularly relates to a modular road temperature control anti-freezing device and method based on a phase change material. According to the technical scheme, the modular road temperature control anti-freezing device based on the phase change material comprises a plurality of modular devices arranged on a cement stabilized macadam base layer, and each modular device comprises a vertical supporting shell; a protective layer, a heat conducting layer, a PCM core layer, a heating device, a PCM core layer, a heating device, a PCM core layer, an insulating layer and a bottom supporting layer are sequentially arranged in the vertical supporting shell from top to bottom, and the top of the vertical supporting shell is connected with a top supporting structure; and the control system is electrically connected with the heating device. The modular road temperature control anti-freezing device and method based on the phase change material are efficient, durable and high in adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of road temperature control, and in particular relates to a modular road temperature control and antifreeze device and method based on phase change materials. Background Art

[0002] Traditional roads are prone to ice or rutting under extreme weather conditions, affecting driving safety. Phase change materials (PCM) have broad application prospects in the field of road temperature control due to their excellent thermal regulation performance. However, the application of PCM in roads in the existing technology still has the following shortcomings:

[0003] 1) Low thermal conductivity: Most PCMs have poor thermal conductivity and are difficult to respond quickly to temperature changes.

[0004] 2) Insufficient mechanical strength: Directly incorporating PCM into pavement materials will reduce the bearing capacity and durability of the road.

[0005] 3) Single phase change temperature: It is difficult to adapt to the needs of different climate regions and seasonal changes.

[0006] 4) Low system integration: Existing technologies are mostly designed for single functions and lack an overall solution with multi-functional collaboration.

[0007] 5) Difficult maintenance: After PCM is mixed with pavement materials, it is difficult to replace or maintain.

[0008] 6) Poor long-term stability: PCM is prone to performance degradation after multiple phase change cycles.

[0009] 7) Insufficient environmental adaptability: Existing technologies are unable to cope with extremely cold weather at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular road temperature control and antifreeze device and method based on phase change materials which is efficient, durable and highly adaptable.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0012] A modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change material comprises a plurality of modular devices arranged on a cement stabilized gravel base, wherein the modular devices comprise a vertical support shell, a protective layer, a heat conducting layer, a PCM core layer, a heating device, a PCM core layer, a heating device, a PCM core layer, an insulating layer and a bottom support layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the vertical support shell, and the top of the vertical support shell is connected to a top support structure; and a control system is also included, which is electrically connected to the heating device.

[0013] The present invention achieves efficient thermal management and excellent mechanical properties through a reasonable combination of a protective layer, a heat-conducting layer, a PCM core layer, an insulating layer and a bottom support layer. The present invention adopts a multi-layer structure design, which can prevent the road surface from icing in cold weather and reduce the road surface temperature and reduce the formation of rutting in hot weather.

[0014] The present invention is easy to install, replace and maintain through modular design, which greatly improves the practicality and life of the system. The modular design of the present invention provides the possibility of integrating sensors and intelligent control systems in the future, and is expected to realize intelligent road temperature control.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the protective layer includes modified polyurethane, carbon nanotubes, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles; the material of the thermal conductive layer includes graphene / aluminum composite materials and carbon fibers. The present invention uses graphene / aluminum composite materials and carbon fibers to construct the thermal conductive layer, which significantly improves the thermal conduction efficiency and enables the system to respond quickly to temperature changes. The present invention utilizes a protective layer reinforced with modified polyurethane and nanomaterials, combined with a bottom support layer of glass fiber reinforced composite materials, to greatly improve the system's compression, bending and impact resistance.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the PCM core layer is a PCM core layer based on calcium chloride hexahydrate or a PCM core layer based on bio-based materials; the components of the PCM core layer based on calcium chloride hexahydrate include calcium chloride hexahydrate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, graphene nanosheets, borax, expanded graphite, silicon dioxide nanoparticles, paraffin, nano-alumina, and ethylene glycol; the components of the PCM core layer based on bio-based materials include lauric acid, capric acid, chitosan nanofibers, graphene oxide, β-cyclodextrin, montmorillonite, and citric acid. The present invention significantly improves the cycle stability and long-term performance of PCM through microencapsulation technology and nanomaterial enhancement.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating device includes a carbon fiber heating cable pre-buried under the PCM core layer, and a temperature sensor embedded in different positions of the PCM core layer, and the carbon fiber heating cable and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control system respectively. The present invention can adjust the phase change temperature. Through the design of different PCM formulas, the phase change temperature can be adjusted according to specific application scenarios to meet the needs of different climate regions. The present invention selects bio-based materials and renewable resources to reduce negative impacts on the environment.

[0018] A method for assembling a modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change materials, comprising the following steps:

[0019] T1: stack the functional layers in the order of protective layer, thermal conductive layer, PCM core layer, heating device, PCM core layer, heating device, PCM core layer, insulating layer and bottom support layer;

[0020] T2: Apply epoxy resin adhesive between each functional layer;

[0021] T3: placing the stacked multilayer structure in a press and applying pressure;

[0022] T4: Heating and curing, followed by slow cooling to room temperature;

[0023] T5: Edge treatment and waterproof sealing of assembled modules.

[0024] The present invention is easy to install, replace and maintain through modular design, which greatly improves the practicality and life of the system. The modular design of the present invention provides the possibility of integrating sensors and intelligent control systems in the future, and is expected to realize intelligent road temperature control.

[0025] A modular road temperature control and antifreeze method based on phase change materials comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1: Regularly or randomly inspect the PCM core layer to determine whether the road surface has an icing risk;

[0027] S2: Calculate the heat required for the road when there is a risk of icing;

[0028] S3: Adjust the power of the heating device until the road surface temperature is greater than 0°C.

[0029] The present invention can adjust the working condition of the heating device until the road surface temperature is greater than 0°C when there is a risk of icing on the road surface, thereby realizing automatic regulation of the road surface temperature.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of step S1 are:

[0031] S11: Get the weather forecast for the next seven days and the accurate weather forecast for the day;

[0032] S12: Acquire road surface temperature sensor data and PCM core layer temperature data;

[0033] S13: Determine whether there is a risk of icing on the road surface, based on the road surface temperature being less than 1°C within the next 24 hours.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of step S2 are:

[0035] S21: Calculate the heat required for the road;

[0036] S22: Estimate heat loss;

[0037] S23: Calculate the required supplementary calories;

[0038] S24: Consider the latent heat effect of the PCM core layer;

[0039] S25: Correct the heat required for the road.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of step S3 are:

[0041] S31: Calculate the target temperature of the PCM core layer according to the heat diffusion formula;

[0042] S32: Adjust the power of the heating device;

[0043] S33: determining whether the PCM core layer temperature reaches the target; if not, continuing to adjust the heating device power; if reaching the target, maintaining the heating device power;

[0044] S34: Monitor the road surface temperature; if the road surface temperature is > 0°C, maintain the current state; if the road surface temperature is ≤ 0°C, increase the power of the heating device.

[0045] As a preferred solution of the present invention, in step S3, the heating module is powered by a solar device or municipal electricity. The present invention innovatively integrates solar panels and electric heating devices, and uses the current generated by solar energy to directly heat the PCM core layer, which not only improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system, but also enhances the performance of the temperature control system in extreme cold weather, and realizes sustainable road deicing function.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0047] 1. The present invention achieves efficient thermal management and excellent mechanical properties through a reasonable combination of protective layer, heat-conducting layer, PCM core layer, insulating layer and bottom support layer. The present invention adopts a multi-layer structure design, which can prevent the road surface from icing in cold weather and reduce the road surface temperature and reduce the formation of rutting in hot weather.

[0048] 2. The modular design of the present invention facilitates installation, replacement and maintenance, greatly improving the practicality and life of the system. The modular design of the present invention provides the possibility of integrating sensors and intelligent control systems in the future, and is expected to realize intelligent road temperature control.

[0049] 3. When there is a risk of icing on the road surface, the present invention can adjust the working condition of the heating device until the road surface temperature is greater than 0°C, thereby realizing automatic control of the road surface temperature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the road structure;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the modular device;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a partial structural diagram of a modular device;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the antifreeze method of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1-modular device; 2-cement stabilized crushed stone base; 3-graded crushed stone base; 4-asphalt and asphalt concrete layer; 5-cement concrete precast blocks; 6-stone shoulder guard; 7-hard plastic pipe; 8-solar device; 9-isolation belt; 11-protective layer; 12-thermal conductive layer; 13-PCM core layer; 14-heating device; 15-insulating layer; 16-bottom support layer; 17-vertical support shell; 18-top support structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0056] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the road of this embodiment includes an isolation belt 9, on which a solar energy device 8 is installed, and road units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the isolation belt 9, and the road units include a graded gravel base layer 3, on which a cement stabilized gravel base layer 2 is arranged, on which a number of modular devices 1 are laid, and on which asphalt and asphalt concrete layers are laid, a rubble shoulder 6 is arranged on the side of the graded gravel base layer 3, and a cement concrete prefabricated block 5 is arranged on the top of the rubble shoulder 6, and a number of modular devices 1 are arranged between the cement concrete prefabricated block 5 and the isolation belt 9, and a drainage ditch is arranged in the cement stabilized gravel base layer 2, and the drainage ditch is connected to a hard plastic pipe 7, and the other end of the hard plastic pipe 7 extends out of the rubble shoulder 6.

[0058] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the modular device 1 includes a vertical support shell 17, in which a protective layer 11, a heat conductive layer 12, a PCM core layer 13, a heating device 14, a PCM core layer 13, a heating device 14, a PCM core layer 13, an insulating layer 15 and a bottom support layer 16 are arranged from top to bottom, and the top of the vertical support shell 17 is connected to a top support structure 18; and also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the heating device 14.

[0059] Protective layer 11 (high-strength composite material, providing compression and wear resistance):

[0060] 1) Material composition: modified polyurethane (80 wt%), carbon nanotubes (10 wt%), and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (10 wt%).

[0061] 2) Preparation method:

[0062] a) Carbon nanotubes (diameter 10-50 nm, length 1-10 μm) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (particle size 20-50 nm) were dispersed in isopropanol and ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes (power 400 W, frequency 40 kHz).

[0063] b) The dispersion was slowly added into liquid modified polyurethane (Shore hardness 70A) preheated to 60° C., with a stirring speed of 2000 rpm for 30 minutes.

[0064] c) The mixture was degassed under vacuum at 70°C for 15 minutes.

[0065] d) The degassed mixture was injected into a mold preheated to 60°C (the thickness can be adjusted) and cured at 80°C for 4 hours.

[0066] e) The cured protective layer 11 is naturally cooled to 25° C. at room temperature.

[0067] Thermal conductive layer 12 (thermal conductive material to ensure rapid heat transfer):

[0068] 1) Material composition: graphene / aluminum composite material (90wt%), carbon fiber (10wt%).

[0069] 2) Preparation method:

[0070] a) Preparation of graphene / aluminum composite materials:

[0071] a1) Graphene is prepared by liquid phase exfoliation method, and the sheet size is controlled to be 1-5 μm and the thickness is less than 10 nm.

[0072] a2) Graphene was dispersed in anhydrous ethanol at a concentration of 2 mg / mL and ultrasonically treated for 1 hour (power 500 W, frequency 35 kHz).

[0073] a3) Spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 μm was prepared by plasma spheroidization.

[0074] a4) Spherical aluminum powder was added to the graphene dispersion at a mass ratio of 9:1, and mechanically stirred for 2 hours (rotation speed 3000 rpm).

[0075] a5) The mixture was filtered and dried under vacuum at 60°C for 12 hours.

[0076] a6) The dried powder was hot-pressed and sintered at 600°C for 2 hours under argon protection and a pressure of 50 MPa.

[0077] b) The prepared graphene / aluminum composite material is crushed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve.

[0078] c) Short chopped carbon fibers (length 3-5 mm, diameter 7 μm) are mixed with graphene / aluminum composite powder and placed in a mold.

[0079] d) Hot pressing at 700°C, pressure 100 MPa, holding time 30 minutes.

[0080] e) cooling naturally to room temperature to obtain a heat conducting layer 12.

[0081] Heating device 14:

[0082] 1) Type: Carbon fiber heating cable.

[0083] 2) Power density: 60W / m 2 .

[0084] 3) Integration method:

[0085] a) Pre-buried carbon fiber heating cables under the PCM core layer 13 to ensure full contact with the PCM microcapsules.

[0086] b) Embed temperature sensors at different positions of the PCM core layer 13 to monitor the temperature distribution in real time.

[0087] c) The output end of the solar panel is connected to the control system, which adjusts the heating power according to the feedback from the temperature sensor and cuts off the heating system when the preset temperature is reached.

[0088] d) A wire channel is reserved in the insulating layer 15 to ensure the sealing and insulation of the system after integration.

[0089] PCM core layer 13 (main layer containing microencapsulated PCM):

[0090] PCM core layer based on calcium chloride hexahydrate 13:

[0091] 1) PCM microcapsule components:

[0092] Main ingredients: calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O): 70-75wt%;

[0093] Modifying additives:

[0094] Sodium chloride (NaCl): 3-5wt%;

[0095] Potassium chloride (KCl): 2-3 wt%;

[0096] Graphene nanosheets: 1-2wt%;

[0097] Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O): 0.5~1wt%;

[0098] Expanded graphite: 2-3wt%;

[0099] Silica nanoparticles: 1-2 wt%;

[0100] Paraffin (melting point 2-4°C): 10-15wt%;

[0101] Nano-alumina: 1-2wt%;

[0102] Ethylene glycol: 0.5~1wt%.

[0103] 2) Preparation of PCM microcapsule materials:

[0104] Calcium chloride hexahydrate: analytical grade, purity ≥98%;

[0105] Other inorganic salts: analytical grade, purity ≥ 99%;

[0106] Graphene nanosheets: thickness <10nm, lateral size 1-5μm;

[0107] Nano-alumina: particle size <50nm;

[0108] Silica nanoparticles: particle size <20nm;

[0109] Paraffin: melting point 2-4°C, purity ≥99%;

[0110] Ethylene glycol: analytical grade, purity ≥99.5%;

[0111] 3) Preparation steps of PCM microcapsules:

[0112] a) Main components of melt:

[0113] a1) Calcium chloride hexahydrate is stirred at 80°C.

[0114] a2) Stir using a mechanical stirrer at 300 rpm for 15 minutes.

[0115] b) Add inorganic salts: gradually add NaCl and KCl and continue stirring for 10 minutes.

[0116] c) Nanomaterial dispersion:

[0117] c1) dispersing graphene nanosheets, nano-alumina and silicon dioxide nanoparticles in a small amount of ethylene glycol.

[0118] c2) using an ultrasonic processor for 30 minutes (power: 400 W, frequency: 20 kHz).

[0119] d) Adding nanomaterials:

[0120] d1) Slowly adding the dispersed nanomaterials into the main melt.

[0121] d2) Stirring with a high shear mixer at 8000 rpm for 20 minutes.

[0122] e) Add other ingredients:

[0123] e1) Add paraffin wax preheated to 80°C.

[0124] e2) Add borax and expanded graphite.

[0125] e3) Continue stirring at high speed for 10 minutes.

[0126] f) Vacuum degassing: The mixture was placed in a vacuum degassing box and degassed at 0.1 MPa for 15 minutes to remove air bubbles.

[0127] g) Cooling molding:

[0128] g1) Pour the mixture into preheated moulds.

[0129] g2) Cool to room temperature at a rate of 1°C / min.

[0130] h) Microencapsulation:

[0131] h1) Preparation of microcapsules using interfacial polymerization.

[0132] h2) The shell material is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0133] h3) The average particle size of the microcapsules is controlled at 50-100 μm.

[0134] i) Drying and sieving:

[0135] i1) Dry in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 24 hours.

[0136] i2) Sieve using a 100 mesh sieve.

[0137] j) PCM material performance parameters:

[0138] Table 1 is a table of PCM material performance parameters based on calcium chloride hexahydrate:

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] k) Preparation of PCM core layer 13:

[0142] k1) Mixing microcapsule PCM with liquid epoxy resin.

[0143] k2) Add chopped carbon fiber and stir evenly.

[0144] k3) The mixture is injected into a mold and vacuum degassed.

[0145] k4) Curing at 80°C for 4 hours.

[0146] PCM core layer based on bio-based materials 13:

[0147] 1) PCM microcapsule components:

[0148] Main ingredients: Lauric acid: 60-65wt% (Lauric acid is a renewable bio-based material with a phase transition temperature of about 43°C, which can be lowered to the required temperature by compounding with other materials).

[0149] Modifying additives:

[0150] Capric acid: 20-25 wt% (it forms a eutectic with lauric acid and can significantly reduce the phase transition temperature);

[0151] Chitosan nanofiber: 3-5wt% (bio-based nanomaterial, which can improve thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, and has good biocompatibility);

[0152] Graphene oxide: 1-2 wt% (significantly improves thermal conductivity and may produce a synergistic effect with chitosan);

[0153] β-Cyclodextrin: 2-3 wt% (can form inclusion complexes with fatty acids to improve material stability and heat storage capacity);

[0154] Montmorillonite: 3-4wt% (natural nano-layered silicate, which can improve the shape stability and thermal stability of the material);

[0155] Citric acid: 1-2 wt% (acts as a natural nucleating agent to reduce supercooling phenomenon).

[0156] 2) Preparation of PCM microcapsule materials:

[0157] Lauric acid and capric acid: food grade, purity ≥99%;

[0158] Chitosan nanofibers: length 100-500nm, diameter 10-50nm;

[0159] Graphene oxide: sheet diameter 0.5-5 μm, thickness <2 nm;

[0160] β-cyclodextrin: food grade, purity ≥98%;

[0161] Montmorillonite: nanometer grade, purity ≥95%;

[0162] Citric acid: food grade, purity ≥99.5%.

[0163] 2) Preparation steps of PCM microcapsules:

[0164] a) Preparation of fatty acid eutectic melt:

[0165] a1) Mix lauric acid and capric acid in appropriate proportions.

[0166] a2) Heat to melt in a 50°C water bath and stir evenly.

[0167] b) Functionalization of nanomaterials:

[0168] b1) Dispersing chitosan nanofibers in deionized water.

[0169] b2) adding graphene oxide and subjecting to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes (power: 300 W, frequency: 40 kHz).

[0170] b3) Add β-cyclodextrin and continue ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes.

[0171] c) Preparation of nanocomposite materials:

[0172] c1) slowly adding the functionalized nanomaterial suspension into the fatty acid eutectic.

[0173] c2) using a high shear mixer at 10000 rpm for 30 minutes.

[0174] d) Montmorillonite reinforcement:

[0175] d1) The montmorillonite was dried under vacuum at 80°C for 4 hours.

[0176] d2) Slowly add montmorillonite to the mixture and continue high shear mixing for 15 minutes.

[0177] e) Adding nucleating agent:

[0178] e1) When the mixture has cooled to 45°C, citric acid is added.

[0179] e2) Stir gently for 10 minutes to ensure even distribution.

[0180] f) Emulsification microencapsulation:

[0181] f1) Chitosan was used as the shell material and microcapsules were prepared by a composite emulsification-centrifugation method.

[0182] f2) Control the particle size of the microcapsules within the range of 20 to 50 μm.

[0183] g) Freeze drying: The microcapsule suspension is freeze-dried to obtain a powdery product.

[0184] h) Heat treatment: The powder was heat treated at 70°C for 2 hours under an inert atmosphere to improve the crystallinity.

[0185] i) PCM material performance parameters:

[0186] Table 2 shows the performance parameters of PCM materials based on bio-based materials:

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] k) Preparation of PCM core layer 13:

[0190] k1) Mixing microcapsule PCM with liquid epoxy resin.

[0191] k2) Add chopped carbon fiber and stir evenly.

[0192] k3) The mixture is injected into a mold and vacuum degassed.

[0193] k4) Curing at 80°C for 4 hours.

[0194] Insulation layer 15 (insulation material to prevent heat from transferring downwards):

[0195] 1) Material composition: modified polyurethane foam (95wt%), aerogel (5wt%).

[0196] 2) Preparation method:

[0197] a) hydrophobic silica aerogel (particle size 50-100 nm, specific surface area>800 m 2 / g) was vacuum dried at 80°C for 4 hours.

[0198] b) Slowly adding the dried aerogel powder into liquid polyurethane prepolymer (NCO%=30±1%) at a stirring speed of 1500 rpm for 20 minutes.

[0199] c) Add polyether polyol (hydroxyl value 330-360 mgKOH / g) and stir evenly.

[0200] d) adding a blowing agent (a mixture of water and cyclopentane, mass ratio 1:1) and a catalyst (triethylenediamine, 0.5 wt%), and stirring for 10 seconds.

[0201] e) The mixture was quickly injected into a mold and foamed and cured at 40° C. for 30 minutes.

[0202] f) The foamed insulating layer 15 is post-cured at 60° C. for 2 hours.

[0203] Bottom support layer 16 (provides structural strength and stability):

[0204] 1) Material composition: glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material (100wt%).

[0205] 2) Preparation method:

[0206] a) Glass fiber cloth (E glass, surface density 300g / m 2 )Cut to the required size.

[0207] b) Preparation of epoxy resin matrix: bisphenol A epoxy resin and curing agent (epoxy group: active hydrogen = 1:1) were mixed, and 0.5 wt% of accelerator was added.

[0208] c) Using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process:

[0209] c1) Lay the glass fiber cloth in a mold, and control the fiber volume fraction to 55±2%.

[0210] c2) Seal the mold and evacuate to -0.09MPa.

[0211] c3) Inject epoxy resin matrix to wet the fibers.

[0212] c4) Curing at 80°C for 2 hours followed by post-curing at 120°C for 1 hour.

[0213] d) demoulding the cured composite material and cutting it into required sizes.

[0214] The vertical support shell 17 has high structural strength and weak heat diffusion capability. The top support structure 18 transfers the vertical load to the vertical support shell 17 .

[0215] The solar device 8 is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell with a conversion efficiency of ≥21%, and is installed on both sides of the road or in the central isolation zone 9.

[0216] The assembly method of the modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change material of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0217] T1: stacking the functional layers in the order of protective layer 11, heat conducting layer 12, PCM core layer 13, heating device 14, PCM core layer 13, heating device 14, PCM core layer 13, insulating layer 15 and bottom supporting layer 16;

[0218] T2: Apply a thin layer of epoxy resin adhesive (shear strength>15MPa) between each functional layer;

[0219] T3: Place the stacked multilayer structure in a press and apply a pressure of 5 MPa;

[0220] T4: Curing at 80°C for 2 hours, then slowly cooling to room temperature;

[0221] T5: Edge treatment and waterproof sealing of assembled modules.

[0222] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0223] 1) Multi-layer structure design: Through the reasonable combination of protection layer 11, heat conductive layer 12, PCM core layer 13, insulation layer 15 and bottom support layer 16, efficient thermal management and excellent mechanical properties are achieved.

[0224] 2) Efficient heat conduction: The heat conduction layer 12 is constructed using graphene / aluminum composite materials and carbon fibers, which significantly improves the heat conduction efficiency and enables the system to respond quickly to temperature changes.

[0225] 3) Optimization of mechanical properties: The protective layer 11 reinforced with modified polyurethane and nanomaterials, combined with the bottom support layer 16 of glass fiber reinforced composite materials, greatly improves the system's compression, bending and impact resistance.

[0226] 4) Adjustable phase change temperature: Through the design of different PCM formulas, the phase change temperature can be adjusted according to the specific application scenarios to meet the needs of different climate zones.

[0227] 5) Modular design: easy to install, replace and maintain, greatly improving the practicality and life of the system.

[0228] 6) Long-term stability: The cycle stability and long-term performance of PCM are significantly improved through microencapsulation technology and nanomaterial enhancement.

[0229] 7) All-weather adaptability: The multi-layer structure design can prevent the road surface from icing in cold weather and reduce the road surface temperature and the formation of rutting in hot weather.

[0230] 8) Environmentally friendly: Use bio-based materials and renewable resources to reduce negative impact on the environment.

[0231] 9) Potential for intelligent temperature control: The modular design provides the possibility for the integration of sensors and intelligent control systems in the future, which is expected to realize intelligent road temperature control.

[0232] 10) Solar assisted heating system: The present invention innovatively integrates solar panels and electric heating devices 14, using the current generated by solar energy to directly heat the PCM core layer 13. This design not only improves the energy efficiency of the system, but also enhances the performance of the temperature control system in extreme cold weather, achieving sustainable road deicing.

[0233] like Figure 4 As shown, the modular road temperature control and antifreeze method based on phase change materials in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0234] S1: Regularly or randomly check the PCM core layer 13 to determine whether there is a risk of icing on the road surface:

[0235] S11: Get the weather forecast for the next seven days and the accurate weather forecast for the day;

[0236] S12: Acquire road surface temperature sensor data and PCM core layer 13 temperature data;

[0237] S13: Determine whether there is a risk of icing on the road surface, based on the road surface temperature being less than 1°C within the next 24 hours.

[0238] S2: Calculate the heat required for the road when there is a risk of icing:

[0239] S21: Calculate the heat required for the road;

[0240] S22: Estimate heat loss;

[0241] S23: Calculate the required supplementary calories;

[0242] S24: considering the latent heat effect of the PCM core layer 13;

[0243] S25: Correct the heat required for the road.

[0244] S3: Adjust the power of the heating device 14 until the road surface temperature is greater than 0°C:

[0245] S31: Calculating the target temperature of the PCM core layer 13 according to the heat diffusion formula;

[0246] S32: Adjust the power of the heating device 14;

[0247] S33: determining whether the temperature of the PCM core layer 13 reaches the target; if not, continuing to adjust the power of the heating device 14; if reaching the target, maintaining the power of the heating device 14;

[0248] S34: monitor the road surface temperature; if the road surface temperature is greater than 0°C, maintain the current state; if the road surface temperature is less than or equal to 0°C, increase the power of the heating device 14.

[0249] In step S3, the heating module is powered by the solar device 8 or municipal electricity. The present invention innovatively integrates the solar panel and the electric heating device 14, and uses the current generated by solar energy to directly heat the PCM core layer 13, which not only improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system, but also enhances the performance of the temperature control system in extreme cold weather, and realizes sustainable road deicing function.

[0250] The present invention can adjust the working condition of the heating device 14 until the road surface temperature is greater than 0° C. when there is a risk of icing on the road surface, thereby realizing automatic control of the road surface temperature.

[0251] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned optional implementation modes. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention. However, no matter what changes are made in the shape or structure, all technical solutions that fall within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change materials, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of modular devices (1) arranged on a cement-stabilized crushed stone base layer (2), wherein the modular devices (1) comprise a vertical support shell (17), a protective layer (11), a heat-conducting layer (12), a PCM core layer (13), a heating device (14), a PCM core layer (13), a heating device (14), a PCM core layer (13), an insulating layer (15) and a bottom support layer (16) arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the vertical support shell (17), and a top support structure (18) is connected to the top of the vertical support shell (17); and the invention also comprises a control system, which is electrically connected to the heating device (14).

2. The modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The material of the protective layer (11) includes modified polyurethane, carbon nanotubes, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles; the material of the heat-conducting layer (12) includes graphene / aluminum composite material and carbon fiber.

3. The modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The PCM core layer (13) is a PCM core layer (13) based on calcium chloride hexahydrate or a PCM core layer (13) based on bio-based materials; the components of the PCM core layer (13) based on calcium chloride hexahydrate include calcium chloride hexahydrate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, graphene nanosheets, borax, expanded graphite, silicon dioxide nanoparticles, paraffin, nano-alumina, and ethylene glycol; the components of the PCM core layer (13) based on bio-based materials include lauric acid, capric acid, chitosan nanofibers, graphene oxide, β-cyclodextrin, montmorillonite, and citric acid.

4. The modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change material according to claim 3 is characterized by: The heating device (14) comprises a carbon fiber heating cable pre-buried below the PCM core layer (13) and temperature sensors embedded in different positions of the PCM core layer (13); the carbon fiber heating cable and the temperature sensors are electrically connected to a control system respectively.

5. A method for assembling a modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change materials, used for assembling a modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: T1: stacking the functional layers in the order of a protective layer (11), a heat conducting layer (12), a PCM core layer (13), a heating device (14), a PCM core layer (13), a heating device (14), a PCM core layer (13), an insulating layer (15) and a bottom supporting layer (16); T2: Apply epoxy resin adhesive between each functional layer; T3: placing the stacked multilayer structure in a press and applying pressure; T4: Heating and curing, followed by slow cooling to room temperature; T5: Edge treatment and waterproof sealing of assembled modules.

6. A modular road temperature control and antifreeze method based on phase change materials, using a modular road temperature control and antifreeze device based on phase change materials as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Regularly or randomly inspect the PCM core layer (13) to determine whether the road surface has an icing risk; S2: Calculate the heat required for the road when there is a risk of icing; S3: Adjust the power of the heating device (14) until the road surface temperature is greater than 0°C.

7. A modular road temperature control and antifreeze method based on phase change materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of step S1 are: S11: Get the weather forecast for the next seven days and the accurate weather forecast for the day; S12: Acquiring road surface temperature sensor data and PCM core layer (13) temperature data; S13: Determine whether there is a risk of icing on the road surface, based on the road surface temperature being less than 1°C within the next 24 hours.

8. The modular road temperature control and antifreeze method based on phase change materials according to claim 6 is characterized by: The specific steps of step S2 are: S21: Calculate the heat required for the road; S22: Estimate heat loss; S23: Calculate the required supplementary calories; S24: Consider the latent heat effect of the PCM core layer (13); S25: Correct the heat required for the road.

9. The modular road temperature control and antifreeze method based on phase change materials according to claim 6 is characterized by: The specific steps of step S3 are: S31: Calculating the target temperature of the PCM core layer (13) according to a heat diffusion formula; S32: adjusting the power of the heating device (14); S33: determining whether the temperature of the PCM core layer (13) reaches the target; if not, continuing to adjust the power of the heating device (14); if reaching the target, maintaining the power of the heating device (14); S34: monitor the road surface temperature; if the road surface temperature is greater than 0°C, maintain the current state; if the road surface temperature is less than or equal to 0°C, increase the power of the heating device (14).

10. A modular road temperature control and antifreeze method based on phase change materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S3, the heating module is powered by a solar device (8) or municipal electricity.

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