Ore body collection method

Abstract

The invention relates to an ore body collection method. The method comprises the steps that a first collection area of an ore body is sequentially divided into a plurality of first collection ore sections in the length direction of the ore body; collecting a first collection ore section; after collection of one first collection ore section is completed, waste rocks are used for in-situ filling; spraying concrete on the surface of the filled waste rock layer by layer; and collecting the adjacent first collection ore section. The concrete is thinly sprayed layer by layer in a spraying mode, so that the concrete can be rapidly solidified, and the situations that the concrete flows and accumulates to the bottom of an ore body due to gravity when not solidified, so that an ore outlet is blocked, and the surface of an upper waste rock pile cannot be solidified due to the fact that the upper concrete is vacant when flowing to the lower portion can be effectively reduced. After the barren rocks are filled, the concrete is thinly sprayed layer by layer, so that a mining area can be supported, the collapse probability is reduced, fallen ores cannot be mixed with the filled barren rocks when the next first collecting ore section is collected, and the dilution probability of the mined ores is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of ore collection, and in particular, to an ore collection method. Background Art

[0002] Some of the ore bodies to be mined are extremely thin ore bodies. Shallow hole mining methods such as wall cutting and filling mining method, shallow hole ore retention method and upward layered filling method are usually used for the mining of such ore bodies. Mining refers to the process of extracting ore from a block that has completed the mining and cutting work. The above methods are used in the mining process of steeply inclined, broken and extremely thin ore bodies, which have problems such as high safety risks and low mining efficiency. In order to improve the stability of the upper and lower plate rocks of the mining site, a large amount of support is required in the mining site. If the mine waste rock is used for filling to support the mining site, the waste rock filled in when the ore body is mined is also easy to mix into the ore pile, increasing the probability of ore depletion and reducing the mining efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ore body recovery method to solve the problem that the probability of ore depletion increases due to excessive mixing of waste rock in the existing ore recovery process.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides an ore body mining method, comprising: Dividing the first collection area of ​​the ore body into a plurality of first collection ore sections in sequence along the length direction of the ore body; mining a first mining section; After the mining of a first mining section is completed, in-situ filling is carried out with waste rock; Spray concrete layer by layer on the surface of the filled waste rock; The adjacent first mining section is mined.

[0005] Optionally, an extension direction of the first mining section and a height direction of the ore body form an acute angle with each other.

[0006] Optionally, the ore body collection method further comprises: At the bottom of the ore body, a vein transport lane is opened along the length direction of the ore body; A plurality of openable and closable funnels connected with the ore body are arranged at intervals on the top of the vein transport tunnel.

[0007] Optionally, after the step of providing a plurality of funnels at intervals on the top of the vein transport tunnel, which are openably and closably connected to the ore body, the ore body collection method includes: A first connecting tunnel extending away from the ore body is respectively opened at both ends of the ore body in the length direction; A pedestrian skylight extending away from the vein transport lane is provided at the other end of the first connecting lane; A plurality of second connecting tunnels connected to the ore body are arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the pedestrian skylight.

[0008] Optionally, the extension direction of the pedestrian shaft is the same as the extension direction of a side of the ore body close to the pedestrian shaft in height.

[0009] Optionally, the ore body collection method includes: The second connecting lanes of the two pedestrian atriums are arranged one by one; An intra-vein drilling tunnel is arranged on the side of the second connecting tunnel close to the ore body, and the intra-vein drilling tunnel connects the two corresponding second connecting tunnels on the two pedestrian skylights. The intra-vein drilling tunnel divides the ore body into a plurality of blasting mining sections in sequence along the height direction of the ore body.

[0010] Optionally, a plurality of first mining sections overlap with a plurality of blasting sections to form a plurality of blocks to be mined. In the step of mining a first mining section, the ore body mining method includes: Placing a plurality of blasting pieces in the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel, and the plurality of blasting pieces are respectively located in the intra-vein rock drilling tunnels adjacent to and above a plurality of blocks to be mined corresponding to the same first mining section; The explosive element is remotely detonated.

[0011] Optionally, in the step of spraying concrete layer by layer on the surface of the filled waste rock, the ore body collection method includes: Enter the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel and spray concrete layer by layer on the surface of the waste rock filled corresponding to the adjacent to-be-mined block below the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel.

[0012] Optionally, the ore body further includes a second collection area disposed adjacent to the first collection area, and the ore body collection method further includes: Dividing the second collection area into a plurality of second collection ore sections along the length direction of the ore body; After completing the collection of the first collection area, sequentially collect multiple second collection ore sections; After the mining of the second mining section is completed, the second mining section is filled with waste rock.

[0013] Optionally, before the step of collecting the first first collection ore section, the ore body collection method includes: A cutting well extending in the height direction of the ore body is opened at the edge of the ore body, and the cutting well is located at the edge of the first first mining section.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, the ore body is divided into multiple first mining sections. After the collection of each first mining section is completed, waste rock is filled and concrete is sprayed to solidify the surface of the filling area as a whole. Spraying concrete layer by layer in a thin manner can not only make the concrete solidify quickly, but also effectively reduce the concrete flowing and accumulating to the bottom of the ore body due to gravity when it is not solidified, resulting in blockage of the mine outlet, and the upper concrete flows to the bottom and the upper concrete is missing. The surface of the upper waste rock pile cannot be solidified. Spraying concrete layer by layer after filling the waste rock can not only support the mining area and reduce the probability of landslides, but also the fallen ore will not be mixed with the filled waste rock when collecting in the next first mining section, reducing the probability of depletion of the mined ore.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an ore body and tunnel structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a side view of an ore body and tunnel structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 3 is a top view of a tunnel structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram after the first acquisition area is acquired and filled according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram after the ore body is collected and filled according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a flowchart of an ore body mining method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a flowchart of an ore body mining method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Description of Reference Numerals 1-ore body; 11-first mining section; 12-blasting section; 13-block to be mined; 14-second mining section; 2-vein transport tunnel; 21-funnel; 210-side wall; 3-pedestrian skylight; 31-first connecting tunnel; 32-second connecting tunnel; 4-intra-vein drilling tunnel; 5-cutting shaft; 6-concrete-waste mixed filling area; 7-waste filling area; 8-ore. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and is not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0025] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, directional words such as "inner" and "outer" are defined with respect to the outline of the corresponding component. The use of the terms "first", "second", etc. is intended to distinguish different components and does not have order and importance. In addition, in the following description, when referring to the drawings, unless otherwise explained, the same reference numerals in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a method for collecting ore bodies is provided, including step 601, that is, firstly dividing the first collecting area of ​​the ore body 1 into a plurality of first collecting ore sections 11 in sequence along the length direction of the ore body 1. After the first collecting ore section 11 is divided, step 602 is executed to collect a first collecting ore section 11. The collecting method can be in the form of chiseling or blasting, which is not limited in the present disclosure. After the collection of a first collecting ore section 11 is completed, step 603 is executed to fill it in situ with waste rock to support the mine. After the waste rock filling is completed, step 604 is executed to spray concrete layer by layer on the surface of the filled waste rock to form a concrete waste rock mixed filling area 6. Here, spraying concrete layer by layer means first spraying a thin layer of concrete on the surface of the filled waste rock, and then spraying a thin layer of concrete when the concrete is half dry, repeating the above actions, spraying the concrete layer by layer, until the concrete layer reaches the target thickness and stops. After the concrete is sprayed and dried, step 605 is executed to collect the adjacent first collection ore section 11, and steps 602 to 605 are repeated until the first collection area is collected. Here, the thickness of the concrete layer can be sprayed 50mm, which can ensure the consolidation of the waste rock in the filling surface layer and the concrete, so that the waste rock and the mined ore 8 are not mixed.

[0027] Through the above technical solution, the ore body 1 is divided into a plurality of first mining sections 11. After the collection of each first mining section 11 is completed, waste rock is filled and concrete is sprayed to solidify the surface of the filling area as a whole. Spraying concrete layer by layer in a thin manner can not only make the concrete solidify quickly, but also effectively reduce the concrete flowing and accumulating to the bottom of the ore body 1 due to gravity when it is not solidified, resulting in blockage of the mine outlet, and the upper concrete flows to the bottom and the upper concrete is missing, so that the upper waste rock pile surface cannot be solidified. Spraying concrete layer by layer after filling the waste rock can not only support the mining area and reduce the probability of collapse, but also when the next first mining section 11 is collected, the fallen ore 8 will not be mixed with the filled waste rock, reducing the probability of depletion of the mined ore 8.

[0028] It should be noted that if Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the extension direction of the first mining section 11 can form an acute angle with the height direction of the ore body 1. In this way, after the ore 8 in the first mining section 11 is mined, the surface of the concrete-waste mixed filling area 6 formed after filling with waste rock and spraying concrete can form a self-sliding slope. When the ore 8 in the next adjacent first mining section 11 is mined, the fallen ore 8 can roll down to the bottom of the ore body 1 along the self-sliding slope. The slope can provide a buffer, reduce the falling speed of the ore 8, and improve the safety of mining.

[0029] Furthermore, if Figure 7 As shown, the ore body collection method may also include step 702, that is, at the bottom of the ore body 1, a vein transport tunnel 2 is opened along the length direction of the ore body 1. After the excavation of the vein transport tunnel 2 is completed, step 703 is performed, and a plurality of funnels 21 that can be opened and closed and connected to the ore body 1 are provided at intervals at the top of the vein transport tunnel 2. Here, both step 702 and step 703 can be performed before the step of collecting a first collection ore section 11, so that when the ore 8 in the corresponding first collection ore section 11 falls to the bottom of the ore body 1 after mining, it can fall into the funnel 21. When collecting the ore 8, the mine car can be allowed to enter the vein transport tunnel 2, and the mine car drives to the bottom of the funnel 21. The personnel only need to control the opening and closing of the funnel 21 below the funnel 21 to make the ore 8 fall into the mine car, and the collection amount of the ore 8 in the vein transport tunnel 2 can be controlled. It should be noted that in the step of providing a plurality of openable and closable funnels 21 connected to the ore body 1 at intervals on the top of the vein transport tunnel 2, shallow holes can be drilled on the top of the vein transport tunnel 2 to collect ore 8 at a height of about 2 m, and a plurality of spaced side walls 210 are made of concrete in the empty area after collection, and a funnel 21 is formed between two adjacent side walls 210 as a bottom structure, and an openable and closable door can be provided at the bottom of the funnel 21, and the collection amount of the ore 8 can be controlled by opening and closing the door at the bottom of the funnel 21.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, Figures 1 to 7 As shown, after the step of providing a plurality of funnels 21 openably and closably connected to the ore body 1 at intervals on the top of the vein transport tunnel 2, the ore body collection method may further include step 704, respectively providing first connecting tunnels 31 extending away from the ore body 1 at both ends in the length direction of the ore body 1, and after the first connecting tunnel 31 is built, executing step 705, providing a pedestrian skylight 3 extending away from the vein transport tunnel 2 at the other end of the first connecting tunnel 31, wherein the extension direction of the pedestrian skylight 3 is the same as the extension direction of the side of the ore body 1 close to the pedestrian skylight 3 in height, when the surface of the ore body 1 close to the pedestrian skylight 3 extends vertically upward, the pedestrian skylight 3 may also extend vertically upward, and when the surface of the ore body 1 close to the pedestrian skylight 3 forms an angle with the horizontal plane, the pedestrian skylight 3 may also form the same angle with the horizontal plane, that is, the pedestrian skylight 3 and the surface of the ore body 1 close to the pedestrian skylight 3 may be arranged in parallel, which may be beneficial to the mining of the ore 8 and reduce the probability of accidents and structure collapse. After the pedestrian skylight 3 is erected, step 706 is executed. A plurality of second connecting tunnels 32 connected to the ore body 1 are arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the pedestrian skylight 3. By arranging the pedestrian skylight 3 and a plurality of second connecting tunnels 32 at a height, the conditions at different positions of the ore body 1 can be observed in time, so as to adjust the mining and mining frequency in time according to the conditions of the mining area.

[0031] Furthermore, if Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, when setting the second connecting tunnel 32, step 707 can also be included, and the second connecting tunnels 32 of the two pedestrian skylights 3 are set one by one. After the second connecting tunnels 32 on both sides are set, step 708 is executed to set an intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4 on the side of the second connecting tunnel 32 close to the ore body 1, and the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4 connects the two corresponding second connecting tunnels 32 on the two pedestrian skylights 3. The intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4 divides the ore body 1 into multiple blasting sections 12 in sequence along the height direction of the ore body 1. By dividing the blasting sections 12, the ore body 1 is blasted in sections in height, which reduces the height of a single blasting, ensures that the ore body 1 can be fully blasted, and improves the collection efficiency.

[0032] In addition, before the step of mining the first mining section 11, Figure 7 As shown, the ore body collection method may further include step 709, where a cutting well 5 extending in the height direction of the ore body 1 is opened at the edge of the ore body 1, and the cutting well 5 is located at the edge of the first first collection ore section 11. The cutting well 5 can provide position compensation for the initial blasting, and can guide the first first collection ore section 11 to blast in the direction of the cutting well 5, so as to reduce the impact on the rock mass or ore body 1 in other directions, and prevent the situation that the blasting affects other structures in the mine and causes landslides due to insufficient space in the mine during the initial blasting.

[0033] Furthermore, if Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, multiple first mining sections 11 overlap with multiple blasting sections 12 to form multiple blocks 13 to be mined. In the step of mining a first mining section 11, the ore body mining method may include step 710, placing multiple blasting pieces in the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4, and the multiple blasting pieces are respectively located in the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4 adjacent to the multiple blocks 13 to be mined corresponding to the same first mining section 11. Here, the length of the block 13 to be mined may be 3m-5m, which is not limited in the present disclosure. After the blasting pieces are manually placed at the specified position, the personnel withdraw from the mining area, and then step 711 is executed to remotely detonate the blasting pieces to blast the block 13 to be mined while ensuring the safety of the personnel.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 7 As shown, in the step of spraying concrete layer by layer on the surface of the filled waste rock, the ore body collection method may further include step 712, entering the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4, and spraying concrete layer by layer on the surface of the filled waste rock corresponding to the adjacent to-be-mined block 13 below the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4. The concrete spraying operation is performed in sections from the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel 4 with multiple layers of intervals in the height direction of the ore body 1, reducing the spraying dead angle, and further preventing the waste rock from mixing into the ore pile.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the ore body 1 may also include a second collection area adjacent to the first collection area, and the ore body collection method may also include step 701, after dividing the first collection area, dividing the second collection area into a plurality of second collection ore sections 14 along the length direction of the ore body 1, after completing the collection of the first collection area, executing step 713, sequentially collecting the plurality of second collection ore sections 14, after completing the collection of the second collection ore section 14, executing step 714, filling the second collection ore section 14 with waste rock. With the collection of ore 8 and the filling of waste rock, the funnel 21 is also continuously covered by the waste rock filling body along the length direction of the ore body 1, and when only 2 to 3 funnels 21 in the mining field can release ore, the remaining uncollected ore body 1 is the second collection area. Since the second collection area is located at the end of the ore body 1 and occupies a smaller volume of the ore body 1, even if the ores 8 in multiple second collection mining sections 14 are mined, the overall stability of the mining area will be less affected. Therefore, after the collection of multiple second collection mining sections 14 is completed, only waste rock is needed to be filled once to form a waste rock filling area 7. No concrete reinforcement is required, which can effectively reduce the overall mining time.

[0036] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0037] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0038] In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for collecting ore bodies, characterized in that: include: Dividing the first collection area of ​​the ore body into a plurality of first collection ore sections in sequence along the length direction of the ore body; mining a first mining section; After the mining of a first mining section is completed, in-situ filling is carried out with waste rock; Spray concrete layer by layer on the surface of the filled waste rock; The adjacent first mining section is mined.

2. The ore body mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: An extension direction of the first mining section and a height direction of the ore body form an acute angle with each other.

3. The ore body mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ore body collection method also includes: At the bottom of the ore body, a vein transport lane is opened along the length direction of the ore body; A plurality of openable and closable funnels connected with the ore body are arranged at intervals on the top of the vein transport tunnel.

4. The ore body mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the step of providing a plurality of funnels that can be opened and closed and connected to the ore body at intervals on the top of the vein transport tunnel, the ore body collection method includes: A first connecting tunnel extending away from the ore body is respectively opened at both ends of the ore body in the length direction; A pedestrian skylight extending away from the vein transport lane is provided at the other end of the first connecting lane; A plurality of second connecting tunnels connected to the ore body are arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the pedestrian skylight.

5. The ore body mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extension direction of the pedestrian skylight is the same as the extension direction of the side of the ore body close to the pedestrian skylight in height.

6. The ore body mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ore body collection method comprises: The second connecting lanes of the two pedestrian atriums are arranged one by one; An intra-vein drilling tunnel is arranged on the side of the second connecting tunnel close to the ore body, and the intra-vein drilling tunnel connects the two corresponding second connecting tunnels on the two pedestrian skylights. The intra-vein drilling tunnel divides the ore body into a plurality of blasting mining sections in sequence along the height direction of the ore body.

7. The ore body mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of first mining sections overlap with a plurality of blasting sections to form a plurality of blocks to be mined. In the step of mining a first mining section, the ore body mining method comprises: Placing a plurality of blasting pieces in the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel, and the plurality of blasting pieces are respectively located in the intra-vein rock drilling tunnels adjacent to and above a plurality of blocks to be mined corresponding to the same first mining section; The explosive element is remotely detonated.

8. The ore body mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step of spraying concrete layer by layer on the surface of the filled waste rock, the ore body collection method includes: Enter the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel and spray concrete layer by layer on the surface of the waste rock filled corresponding to the adjacent to-be-mined block below the intra-vein rock drilling tunnel.

9. The ore body mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ore body further includes a second collection area disposed adjacent to the first collection area, and the ore body collection method further includes: Dividing the second collection area into a plurality of second collection ore sections along the length direction of the ore body; After completing the collection of the first collection area, sequentially collect multiple second collection ore sections; After the mining of the second mining section is completed, the second mining section is filled with waste rock.

10. The ore body mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the step of mining the first mining section, the ore body mining method includes: A cutting well extending in the height direction of the ore body is opened at the edge of the ore body, and the cutting well is located at the edge of the first first mining section.

Images