Foundation pit displacement monitoring system and protection method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a foundation pit displacement monitoring system and a protection method thereof. According to the method, by establishing a mathematical model, such as a linear regression or time sequence model, the sub-module can reveal the inherent law and trend of the foundation pit displacement, and a scientific basis is provided for predicting the future displacement change. The prediction capability enables an engineering team to recognize potential risks in advance and take preventive measures, thereby avoiding accidents. And secondly, the data modeling analysis sub-module improves the interpretation capability of the monitoring system through model verification and parameter optimization, so that the system not only can describe phenomena, but also can deeply understand reasons behind. The deep analysis provides powerful support for engineering decision, so that the whole foundation pit displacement monitoring system not only is a monitoring tool, but also becomes a management platform with perspectiveness and strategic guiding significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation pit displacement monitoring, and specifically relates to a foundation pit displacement monitoring system and a protection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Foundation pit engineering refers to an engineering project that digs a foundation pit of a certain depth and width below the ground to meet the needs of urban construction, transportation, water conservancy and other engineering projects, and carries out construction activities such as buildings and structures on the upper part. Foundation pit engineering is an important basic engineering in urban construction, which is of great significance to ensuring the quality and safety of the project. With the acceleration of urbanization, foundation pit engineering plays an increasingly important role in urban construction. However, the safety issues of foundation pit engineering are also becoming increasingly prominent, among which foundation pit displacement monitoring is a key link to ensure the safety of foundation pit construction. With the continuous development of sensor technology, data transmission technology and data processing technology, the foundation pit displacement monitoring system based on modern information technology has gradually become.

[0003] However, in the existing technology, the monitoring system still has some deficiencies in data preprocessing and data modeling and analysis, such as inaccurate data cleaning and outlier detection, inaccurate mathematical model establishment, and unscientific warning threshold setting. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a foundation pit displacement monitoring system and a protection method thereof in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a foundation pit displacement monitoring system, the system comprising: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing and analysis module, a control and display module, a maintenance and guarantee module, a safety monitoring module and a safety early warning module;

[0006] The data processing and analysis module is internally provided with a data preprocessing submodule, a data management submodule, a data modeling and analysis submodule, an early warning and decision support submodule, and a user interface and interaction submodule;

[0007] The data acquisition module collects foundation pit displacement data through sensors, and these data are sent to the data processing and analysis module through the wired or wireless network of the data transmission module. The latter cleans, stores, analyzes and models the data. The processed data is passed to the control and display module for real-time monitoring and user interaction; at the same time, the maintenance and guarantee module ensures the stable operation of the entire system, the safety monitoring module monitors the safety status of the system, and the safety warning module issues warnings in time according to the output of the data processing and analysis module.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition module is the front end of the foundation pit displacement monitoring system, which is responsible for capturing detailed information of the foundation pit deformation in real time. The module contains a variety of sensors, including inclinometers, surface displacement sensors, laser rangefinders and strain gauges, which are used to measure the horizontal displacement of underground soil, surface displacement, strain of supporting structures and distance changes, respectively. The sensors have high precision and good environmental adaptability to ensure accurate data collection under various harsh conditions. In addition, the data acquisition module also includes a data acquisition unit, which is responsible for converting the analog signals collected from the sensors into digital signals, and performing preliminary data verification and packaging for subsequent transmission and processing.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the data transmission module is responsible for reliably and efficiently transmitting the digital signals collected by the data acquisition module to the data processing and analysis module. The module includes two modes of wired and wireless transmission. The wired transmission includes Ethernet or serial communication lines, and the wireless transmission uses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, and NB-IoT technologies. During the data transmission process, the module is also responsible for ensuring the integrity and order of the data packets, as well as handling transmission errors that occur. In order to improve the stability and security of data transmission, the module also includes a signal amplifier, a modem, and an encryption device to adapt to different engineering environments and data transmission requirements.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the data preprocessing submodule identifies and removes abnormal data beyond the normal range through an outlier detection algorithm, such as the IQR method.

[0011] The calculation formula is: IQR = Q3-Q1; where Q3 and Q1 are the third quartile and first quartile of the data respectively. An outlier is defined as a data point that is less than Q1-1.5×IQR or greater than Q3+1.5×IQR;

[0012] The data management submodule is responsible for storing, backing up and indexing monitoring data to ensure data security and query efficiency, including:

[0013] Database management: Use MySQL relational database management system to store data. The data is organized in tables, each table contains multiple fields, including timestamp, sensor ID, displacement value.

[0014] Data backup: Perform database backup operations regularly, using full backup or incremental backup strategies. The backup process is defined as:

[0015] Backup(DB)=Copy(DB,BackupLocation)

[0016] Among them, DB is the database and BackupLocation is the backup storage location.

[0017] Data index: To improve query efficiency, create indexes for key columns in the database. The index creation process uses B-tree or hash indexes.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the data modeling and analysis submodule conducts in-depth analysis on the preprocessed data, establishes a mathematical model, and makes predictions. The mathematical modeling uses the least squares method to fit the linear model to describe the data. y=ax+b+∈; where y is the displacement, x is the time, a and b are the model parameters, and ∈ is the error term;

[0019] The data modeling and analysis submodule uses the ARIMA model to predict future displacement, and the calculation formula is:

[0020] (1-φ1L-…-φ p L p )(1-L) d y t =c+(1-θ1L-…-θ q L q )∈ t Where L is the lag operator, φp, θq, d and c are model parameters.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the early warning and decision support submodule provides early warning and decision support based on the analysis results, and the early warning threshold setting of the early warning and decision support submodule is determined based on the engineering safety standards and historical data analysis. The calculation formula is: Threshold = μ + k × σ; where μ is the displacement mean, σ is the displacement standard deviation, and k is the coefficient, which represents the multiple of the standard deviation; when the monitoring data exceeds the threshold, the early warning system triggers an early warning through an algorithm: then a report and suggestions are generated to provide a basis for engineering decision-making. The report generation process includes data summary, chart drawing, and conclusion writing.

[0022] The user interface and interaction submodule include multiple functional areas, including a data display area, a control panel, an early warning notification area, and a system status indicator. The data display area intuitively displays monitoring data in various forms such as charts, tables, and three-dimensional models, including displacement-time curves, sensor reading tables, and three-dimensional simulation views of foundation pits. The control panel allows users to customize monitoring parameters, including setting early warning thresholds, selecting monitoring frequencies, and adjusting data collection times. The early warning notification area displays any early warning information issued by the system in real time, including the warning level, trigger time, and recommended countermeasures. The system status indicator displays the current operating status of the system, including whether data transmission is normal and whether the sensor is online.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the control and display module provides the user with an interface for interacting with the monitoring system, as well as a platform for real-time monitoring of the status of the foundation pit. The module includes a user interface and an interactive submodule, which displays monitoring data through a graphical user interface or a web interface, and provides a control panel for users to adjust system settings. The data display part includes charts, tables and three-dimensional models to intuitively display key indicators of displacement and strain. The control function allows users to remotely configure sensor parameters, set warning thresholds and trigger conditions, and manage monitoring processes. The design of the entire module is intended to improve the operability and information transparency of the system.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the maintenance and protection module ensures the long-term stable operation and reliability of the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system. The module includes system self-check, backup power supply and protection device components. The system self-check function regularly checks the working status of sensors and transmission equipment, and promptly detects and reports potential problems. The backup power supply such as an uninterruptible power supply ensures that the system can continue to work when the main power supply is interrupted.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the security monitoring module is responsible for real-time monitoring of the operating status of the monitoring system to ensure the security of data collection, transmission and processing. This module includes real-time monitoring of sensor readings, monitoring of system hardware status, and maintenance of network security. It can detect abnormal fluctuations in sensor readings, identify hardware failures, and monitor the risk of network attacks or data leaks. Through these monitoring measures, the security monitoring module ensures the accuracy of monitoring data and the overall security of the system;

[0026] The safety warning module warns of potential foundation pit safety issues based on the output results of the data processing and analysis module and the preset warning threshold. This module includes warning threshold setting, warning system and decision support submodule. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold, the warning system will automatically trigger an alarm and notify relevant personnel through the control and display module. At the same time, the decision support submodule will generate detailed reports and suggestions to guide the engineering team to take appropriate emergency measures. The safety warning module is a key safety line of defense in the foundation pit displacement monitoring system and is crucial to ensuring engineering safety.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, a protection method for a foundation pit displacement monitoring system comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1: Install sensors: Install various sensors at the predetermined locations of the foundation pit according to the design requirements. Sensor calibration: Calibrate the installed sensors to ensure accurate readings;

[0029] S2: System configuration: set system parameters, including data collection frequency and warning threshold; Network settings: configure the data transmission network to ensure smooth communication between the sensor and the data processing center;

[0030] S3: Start the sensor to start collecting foundation pit displacement data in real time, and transmit the collected data to the data processing and analysis module via wired or wireless means;

[0031] S4: Identify and process abnormal data, detect and remove outliers through IQR method, and interpolate missing data;

[0032] S5: Store the preprocessed data in the database. Back up the database regularly to prevent data loss;

[0033] S6: Perform statistical analysis on the stored data, calculate the mean and variance, establish a displacement-time relationship model, and predict the displacement trend;

[0034] S7: Monitor the operating status of the system to ensure the safety of data collection and transmission. Set warning thresholds based on safety standards and data analysis results. When the monitoring data exceeds the threshold, the warning system is triggered;

[0035] S8: Notify relevant personnel to take action through the control and display module. Generate reports and suggestions to provide a basis for engineering decision-making, and record all monitoring data and related events, including early warning and response measures. Generate monitoring reports regularly for engineering management and record keeping, and then the protection process of the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system can be completed.

[0036] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. In the present invention, through precise data cleaning and outlier detection, this submodule can ensure the accuracy and consistency of the foundation pit displacement monitoring data, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring results. Secondly, the data completion function fills in the missing values ​​in the data through interpolation and other technologies, ensuring the integrity and continuity of the data sequence, which is crucial for analyzing the time series characteristics of foundation pit displacement. Therefore, the data preprocessing submodule provides a stable and clean data source for the entire monitoring system, which is the basis for the effective operation of the subsequent advanced analysis and early warning system.

[0038] 2. In the present invention, by establishing a mathematical model, such as a linear regression or time series model, this submodule can reveal the inherent laws and trends of foundation pit displacement, and provide a scientific basis for predicting future displacement changes. This predictive capability enables the engineering team to identify potential risks in advance and take preventive measures to avoid accidents. Secondly, the data modeling and analysis submodule improves the explanatory power of the monitoring system through model verification and parameter optimization, so that the system can not only describe the phenomenon, but also deeply understand the reasons behind it. This in-depth analysis provides strong support for engineering decision-making, making the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system not only a monitoring tool, but also a management platform with forward-looking and strategic guidance significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is the overall system block diagram of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the data processing and analysis module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0042] Reference Figure 1-2 ,

[0043] A foundation pit displacement monitoring system, the system includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing and analysis module, a control and display module, a maintenance and guarantee module, a safety monitoring module and a safety early warning module;

[0044] The data processing and analysis module is internally provided with a data preprocessing submodule, a data management submodule, a data modeling and analysis submodule, an early warning and decision support submodule, and a user interface and interaction submodule;

[0045] The data acquisition module collects foundation pit displacement data through sensors, and these data are sent to the data processing and analysis module through the wired or wireless network of the data transmission module. The latter cleans, stores, analyzes and models the data. The processed data is passed to the control and display module for real-time monitoring and user interaction. At the same time, the maintenance and guarantee module ensures the stable operation of the entire system, the safety monitoring module monitors the safety status of the system, and the safety warning module issues warnings in time according to the output of the data processing and analysis module.

[0046] The data acquisition module is the front end of the foundation pit displacement monitoring system, responsible for capturing detailed information about the foundation pit deformation in real time. The module contains a variety of sensors, such as inclinometers, surface displacement sensors, laser rangefinders, and strain gauges, which are used to measure the horizontal displacement of underground soil, surface displacement, strain of supporting structures, and distance changes, respectively. Sensors usually have high precision and good environmental adaptability to ensure accurate data collection under various harsh conditions. In addition, the data acquisition module also includes a data acquisition unit, which is responsible for converting the analog signals collected from the sensors into digital signals, and performing preliminary data verification and packaging for subsequent transmission and processing.

[0047] The data transmission module is responsible for reliably and efficiently transmitting the digital signals collected by the data acquisition module to the data processing and analysis module. The module includes both wired and wireless transmission methods. Wired transmission is such as Ethernet or serial communication lines, while wireless transmission uses technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, and NB-IoT. During data transmission, the module is also responsible for ensuring the integrity and order of data packets, as well as handling transmission errors. In order to improve the stability and security of data transmission, the module also includes signal amplifiers, modems, and encryption devices to adapt to different engineering environments and data transmission requirements.

[0048] The data preprocessing submodule identifies and removes abnormal data that are beyond the normal range through outlier detection algorithms, such as the IQR (interquartile range) method.

[0049] The calculation formula is: IQR = Q3-Q1; where Q3 and Q1 are the third quartile and first quartile of the data respectively. An outlier is defined as a data point that is less than Q1-1.5×IQR or greater than Q3+1.5×IQR;

[0050] The data management submodule is responsible for storing, backing up, and indexing monitoring data to ensure data security and query efficiency, including:

[0051] Database management: MySQL relational database management system is used to store data. The data is organized in tables, and each table contains multiple fields, such as timestamp, sensor ID, displacement value, etc.

[0052] Data backup: Perform database backup operations regularly, and you can use full backup or incremental backup strategies. The backup process is defined as:

[0053] Backup(DB)=Copy(DB,BackupLocation)

[0054] Among them, DB is the database and BackupLocation is the backup storage location.

[0055] Data index: To improve query efficiency, create indexes for key columns in the database (such as timestamps). The index creation process can use B-tree or hash indexes.

[0056] The data modeling and analysis submodule conducts in-depth analysis on the preprocessed data, establishes a mathematical model, and makes predictions. The mathematical modeling uses the least squares method to fit the linear model to describe the data. y=ax+b+∈; where y is the displacement, x is the time, a and b are the model parameters, and ∈ is the error term;

[0057] The data modeling and analysis submodule uses the ARIMA model to predict future displacements. The calculation formula is:

[0058] (1-φ1L-…-φ p L p )(1-L) d y t =c+(1-θ1L-…-θ q L q )∈ t Where L is the lag operator, φp, θq, d and c are model parameters.

[0059] The early warning and decision support submodule provides early warning and decision support based on the analysis results. The early warning threshold setting of the early warning and decision support submodule is determined based on engineering safety standards and historical data analysis. The calculation formula is: Threshold = μ + k × σ; where μ is the displacement mean, σ is the displacement standard deviation, and k is the coefficient, which represents the multiple of the standard deviation; when the monitoring data exceeds the threshold, the early warning system triggers an early warning through an algorithm: then a report and suggestions are generated to provide a basis for engineering decision-making. The report generation process includes data summary, chart drawing, and conclusion writing.

[0060] The user interface and interaction submodule contains multiple functional areas, such as the data display area, control panel, warning notification area and system status indicator. The data display area intuitively displays monitoring data in various forms such as charts, tables and 3D models, such as displacement-time curves, sensor reading tables and 3D simulation views of foundation pits. The control panel allows users to customize monitoring parameters, such as setting warning thresholds, selecting monitoring frequencies and adjusting data collection time. The warning notification area displays any warning information issued by the system in real time, including warning level, trigger time and recommended countermeasures. The system status indicator shows the current operating status of the system, such as whether data transmission is normal and whether the sensor is online.

[0061] The control and display module provides users with an interface for interacting with the monitoring system, as well as a platform for real-time monitoring of the status of the foundation pit. This module includes a user interface and an interactive sub-module, which displays monitoring data through a graphical user interface (GUI) or a web interface, and provides a control panel for users to adjust system settings. The data display section includes charts, tables, and three-dimensional models to intuitively display key indicators such as displacement and strain. The control function allows users to remotely configure sensor parameters, set warning thresholds and trigger conditions, and manage monitoring processes. The entire module is designed to improve the system's operability and information transparency.

[0062] The maintenance and assurance module ensures the long-term stable operation and reliability of the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system. The module includes components such as system self-check, backup power supply and protective devices. The system self-check function regularly checks the working status of sensors and transmission equipment, and promptly detects and reports potential problems. Backup power supplies such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) ensure that the system can continue to work when the main power is interrupted. Protective devices such as dustproof, waterproof and shockproof measures protect sensors from external environmental factors. The maintenance and assurance module is the key guarantee for the continued functioning of the system.

[0063] The security monitoring module is responsible for real-time monitoring of the operating status of the monitoring system and ensuring the security of data collection, transmission and processing. This module includes real-time monitoring of sensor readings, monitoring of system hardware status, and maintenance of network security. It can detect abnormal fluctuations in sensor readings, identify hardware failures, and monitor the risk of network attacks or data leaks. Through these monitoring measures, the security monitoring module ensures the accuracy of monitoring data and the overall security of the system;

[0064] The safety warning module warns of potential foundation pit safety issues based on the output results of the data processing and analysis module and the preset warning threshold. This module includes sub-modules such as warning threshold setting, warning system, and decision support. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold, the warning system will automatically trigger an alarm and notify relevant personnel through the control and display module. At the same time, the decision support sub-module will generate detailed reports and suggestions to guide the engineering team to take appropriate emergency measures. The safety warning module is a key safety line of defense in the foundation pit displacement monitoring system and is crucial to ensuring engineering safety.

[0065] The method comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1: Install sensors: Install various sensors at the predetermined locations of the foundation pit according to the design requirements. Sensor calibration: Calibrate the installed sensors to ensure accurate readings;

[0067] S2: System configuration: set system parameters, including data collection frequency and warning threshold; Network settings: configure the data transmission network to ensure smooth communication between the sensor and the data processing center;

[0068] S3: Start the sensor to start collecting foundation pit displacement data in real time, and transmit the collected data to the data processing and analysis module via wired or wireless means;

[0069] S4: Identify and process abnormal data, detect and remove outliers through IQR method, and interpolate missing data;

[0070] S5: Store the preprocessed data in the database. Back up the database regularly to prevent data loss;

[0071] S6: Perform statistical analysis on the stored data, calculate the mean and variance, establish a displacement-time relationship model, and predict the displacement trend;

[0072] S7: Monitor the operating status of the system to ensure the safety of data collection and transmission. Set warning thresholds based on safety standards and data analysis results. When the monitoring data exceeds the threshold, the warning system is triggered;

[0073] S8: Notify relevant personnel to take action through the control and display module. Generate reports and suggestions to provide a basis for engineering decision-making, and record all monitoring data and related events, including early warning and response measures. Generate monitoring reports regularly for engineering management and record keeping, and then the protection process of the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system can be completed.

[0074] In the present invention, through precise data cleaning and outlier detection, this submodule can ensure the accuracy and consistency of the foundation pit displacement monitoring data, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring results. Secondly, the data completion function fills in the missing values ​​in the data through interpolation and other technologies, ensuring the integrity and continuity of the data sequence, which is crucial for analyzing the time series characteristics of foundation pit displacement. Therefore, the data preprocessing submodule provides a stable and clean data source for the entire monitoring system, which is the basis for the effective operation of the subsequent advanced analysis and early warning system.

[0075] In the present invention, by establishing a mathematical model, such as a linear regression or time series model, this submodule can reveal the inherent laws and trends of foundation pit displacement, providing a scientific basis for predicting future displacement changes. This predictive capability enables the engineering team to identify potential risks in advance and take preventive measures to avoid accidents. Secondly, the data modeling and analysis submodule improves the interpretation ability of the monitoring system through model verification and parameter optimization, so that the system can not only describe the phenomenon, but also deeply understand the reasons behind it. This in-depth analysis provides strong support for engineering decision-making, making the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system not only a monitoring tool, but also a management platform with forward-looking and strategic guidance significance.

[0076] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0077] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system, characterized in that: The system includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing and analysis module, a control and display module, a maintenance and guarantee module, a safety monitoring module and a safety early warning module; The data processing and analysis module is internally provided with a data preprocessing submodule, a data management submodule, a data modeling and analysis submodule, an early warning and decision support submodule, and a user interface and interaction submodule; The data acquisition module collects foundation pit displacement data through sensors, and these data are sent to the data processing and analysis module through the wired or wireless network of the data transmission module. The latter cleans, stores, analyzes and models the data. The processed data is passed to the control and display module for real-time monitoring and user interaction; at the same time, the maintenance and guarantee module ensures the stable operation of the entire system, the safety monitoring module monitors the safety status of the system, and the safety warning module issues warnings in time according to the output of the data processing and analysis module.

2. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module is the front end of the foundation pit displacement monitoring system, responsible for capturing detailed information on foundation pit deformation in real time; the module contains a variety of sensors, including inclinometers, surface displacement sensors, laser rangefinders and strain gauges, which are used to measure the horizontal displacement of underground soil, surface displacement, strain of supporting structures and distance changes respectively.

3. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data transmission module is responsible for reliably and efficiently transmitting the digital signals collected by the data acquisition module to the data processing and analysis module; the module includes two transmission modes: wired and wireless. Wired transmission includes Ethernet or serial communication lines, and wireless transmission uses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, and NB-IoT technologies.

4. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data preprocessing submodule identifies and removes abnormal data beyond the normal range through an outlier detection algorithm, such as the IQR method; The calculation formula is: IQR = Q3-Q1; where Q3 and Q1 are the third quartile and the first quartile of the data respectively; outliers are defined as data points that are less than Q1-1.5×IQR or greater than Q3+1.5×IQR; The data management submodule is responsible for storing, backing up and indexing monitoring data to ensure data security and query efficiency, including: Database management: Use MySQL relational database management system to store data; data is organized in tables, each table contains multiple fields, including timestamp, sensor ID, displacement value; Data backup: Perform database backup operations regularly, using full backup or incremental backup strategies; the backup process is defined as: Backup(DB)=Copy(DB,BackupLocation) Among them, DB is the database, BackupLocation is the backup storage location; Data index: To improve query efficiency, create indexes for key columns in the database; the index creation process uses B-tree or hash indexes.

5. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data modeling and analysis submodule conducts in-depth analysis on the preprocessed data, establishes a mathematical model, and makes predictions. The mathematical modeling uses the least squares method to fit the linear model to describe the data; y=ax+b+∈; where y is the displacement, x is the time, a and b are the model parameters, and ∈ is the error term; The data modeling and analysis submodule uses the ARIMA model to predict future displacement, and the calculation formula is: (1-φ1L-…-φ p L p )(1-L)d y t=c+(1-θ1L-…-θ q L q )∈ t Where L is the lag operator, φp, θq, d and c are model parameters.

6. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The early warning and decision support submodule provides early warning and decision support according to the analysis results. The early warning threshold setting of the early warning and decision support submodule is determined based on engineering safety standards and historical data analysis; The calculation formula is: Threshold = μ + k × σ; where μ is the displacement mean, σ is the displacement standard deviation, and k is the coefficient, which represents the multiple of the standard deviation. When the monitoring data exceeds the threshold, the early warning system triggers an early warning through an algorithm: a report and recommendations are then generated to provide a basis for engineering decision-making; the report generation process includes data summary, chart drawing, and conclusion writing; The user interface and interaction submodule includes multiple functional areas, including a data display area, a control panel, an early warning notification area and a system status indicator.

7. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control and display module provides users with an interface for interacting with the monitoring system and a platform for real-time monitoring of the foundation pit status; the module includes a user interface and an interactive sub-module, which displays monitoring data through a graphical user interface or a web interface, and provides a control panel for users to adjust system settings; the data display part includes charts, tables and three-dimensional models to intuitively display key indicators of displacement and strain.

8. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The maintenance and guarantee module ensures the long-term stable operation and reliability of the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system; the module includes system self-check, backup power supply and protective device components; the system self-check function regularly checks the working status of sensors and transmission equipment, and promptly discovers and reports potential problems; backup power supplies such as uninterruptible power supplies ensure that the system can continue to work when the main power supply is interrupted.

9. A foundation pit displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The security monitoring module is responsible for real-time monitoring of the operating status of the monitoring system to ensure the safety of data collection, transmission and processing; this module includes real-time monitoring of sensor readings, monitoring of system hardware status and maintenance of network security; It can detect unusual fluctuations in sensor readings, identify hardware failures, and monitor the risk of cyberattacks or data breaches; Through these monitoring measures, the security monitoring module ensures the accuracy of monitoring data and the overall security of the system; The safety warning module warns of potential foundation pit safety issues based on the output results of the data processing and analysis module and the preset warning threshold; This module includes warning threshold setting, warning system and decision support sub-modules.

10. The protection method of a foundation pit displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Install sensors: Install various sensors at the predetermined positions of the foundation pit according to the design requirements; Sensor calibration: Calibrate the installed sensors to ensure accurate readings; S2: System configuration: set system parameters, including data collection frequency and warning threshold; Network settings: configure the data transmission network to ensure smooth communication between the sensor and the data processing center; S3: Start the sensor to start collecting foundation pit displacement data in real time, and transmit the collected data to the data processing and analysis module via wired or wireless means; S4: Identify and process abnormal data, detect and remove outliers through the IQR method; interpolate missing data; S5: Store the preprocessed data in the database; regularly back up the database to prevent data loss; S6: Statistically analyze the stored data, calculate the mean and variance; establish a displacement-time relationship model, and predict the displacement trend; S7: Monitor the operating status of the system to ensure the safety of data collection and transmission; set warning thresholds based on safety standards and data analysis results; trigger the warning system when the monitoring data exceeds the threshold; S8: Notify relevant personnel to take action through the control and display module; generate reports and suggestions to provide a basis for engineering decision-making, and record all monitoring data and related events, including early warning and response measures; regularly generate monitoring reports for engineering management and record keeping, after which the protection process of the entire foundation pit displacement monitoring system can be completed.

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