Genetic algorithm optimization-based research method and research system for broadband high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a research method and a research system of a broadband efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, a mathematical model of the sound absorption structure is established according to theories such as an acoustoelectric analogy method, a composite micro-perforated plate calculation finite element model is established by using COMSOL software, and sound absorption characteristic research of the composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure is carried out. And finally, based on the research and an object-oriented programming language C + +, a sound absorption structure design and optimization platform of the composite micro-perforated panel is developed, the platform performs optimization analysis on basic structure parameters of the composite micro-perforated panel by using a genetic algorithm, and various parameter values with the widest frequency band and the best sound absorption effect are found in a given range. The optimal sound absorption structure under the given thickness is obtained; according to the invention, a new idea is provided for sound absorption performance optimization of an acoustic structure, and a reference is provided for broadband noise control of equipment in the ship field by using a novel micro-perforated plate structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of noise control, and is aimed at cabin noise of equipment in the fields of ships, rail transit, aerospace, vehicle transportation, etc., and specifically relates to a research method and a research system for a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization. Background Art

[0002] As equipment in the fields of ships, rail transit, aerospace, and vehicle transportation develops towards large-scale, lightweight, heavy-loaded, and high-speed, the noise problem caused by it is becoming increasingly prominent. At present, the main noise sources of ships include: main engine, auxiliary machinery, exhaust port, propeller, and thruster. Long-term exposure to high-intensity noise environment can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, headache, insomnia, anxiety, and depression, and even affect people's cognition and work efficiency. In addition, noise can also cause interference and harm to marine life and destroy the ecological balance of the ocean. Therefore, it is very necessary to control noise on ships.

[0003] At present, there are three main methods to control cabin noise. The first is to control it from the sound source to prevent the generation of noise; the second is to take measures on the propagation path to block the propagation of noise; the third is to isolate the receiving end to reduce the damage of noise to the receiving end. The common control measures are to control the noise on the propagation path, mainly including sound absorption, sound insulation, and noise elimination. At present, the main technical approach to solve the cabin noise problem is to lay sound-absorbing materials inside the cabin. Commonly used sound-absorbing materials are mainly divided into two categories: porous sound-absorbing materials and resonant sound-absorbing structures. Porous sound-absorbing materials include foam sound-absorbing materials and fiber sound-absorbing materials. The sound absorption performance of foam sound-absorbing materials varies greatly depending on the matrix, mainly including foam glass, foam metal, polymer-based foam, etc.; fiber sound-absorbing materials mainly include glass fiber, slag wool, stainless steel fiber, etc. Porous sound-absorbing materials mainly absorb sound through porous structures to reduce the reflection and propagation of sound. Compared with porous materials, micro-perforated plates are a structure that can effectively absorb broadband noise. They are also clean, pollution-free, high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant, and able to withstand the impact of high-speed airflow.

[0004] Regarding the research on micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structures, most of them are currently based on simple series or parallel structures. There are few composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structures with excellent broadband sound absorption effects. It is necessary to study and develop a research method for composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structures in order to quickly obtain the structural parameters of composite micro-perforated plates with the best sound absorption effects. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a research method and a research system for a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, and proposes a solution for optimizing noise control in the equipment cabin.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The embodiment of the present invention provides a research method for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Based on the theory of acoustic-electric analogy, a mathematical model of the sound absorption structure is established, the mathematical expressions of the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate are imported, MATLAB is used as a tool to program and calculate the theoretical results, a theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve is drawn, and the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate is studied, and a theoretical study on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate is carried out;

[0009] Step 2: Based on the established mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate, a finite element model is established using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software, and the composite micro-perforated plate is simulated and analyzed to calculate the simulated sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate is studied, and a simulation study on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate is carried out;

[0010] Step 3, develop a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure design and optimization platform based on mathematical models, finite element models and object-oriented programming language C++, and use genetic algorithms to optimize the structural parameters that have the most significant impact on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, so as to obtain the composite micro-perforated plate structural parameters with the best sound absorption effect under given conditions.

[0011] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, step 1 specifically includes:

[0012] Step 1.1, based on the acoustic-electric analogy theory, the equivalent circuit diagram of the single-layer micro-perforated plate is obtained, and the impedance formula and sound absorption coefficient formula of the single-layer micro-perforated plate are derived;

[0013] Step 1.2, based on the single-layer micro-perforated plate theory and combined with the series-parallel coupling mechanism of the micro-perforated plate, the equivalent circuit diagram of the composite micro-perforated plate is obtained, and the impedance formula of the composite micro-perforated plate is derived;

[0014] Step 1.3, based on the theory of composite micro-perforated plate, MATLAB programming is performed to establish a mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate;

[0015] Step 1.4, based on the mathematical model, preliminarily determine the structural form and size parameters of the composite micro-perforated plate, use MATLAB as a tool to calculate the theoretical results, draw the theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and further analyze the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite structure, and carry out research on the sound absorption characteristics of the sound-absorbing structure.

[0016] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically includes:

[0017] Step 2.1, select pressure acoustics and frequency domain physics in COMSOL, and build a three-dimensional geometric model of the structure according to the design dimensions of the composite micro-perforated plate structure. The material is defined as air in the material library;

[0018] Step 2.2, based on the real physical scene, set the domain and boundary conditions of the model, set the background sound pressure field as the sound wave incident domain, the incident wave is a plane wave, the incident sound wave amplitude is 1Pa, and the incident direction is the normal of the incident surface; to simulate the situation where the outgoing wave is absorbed in the process of propagating away from the sound source, set the following in the direction of the outgoing wave: the perfect matching layer; the model micro-perforated plate uses the internal perforated plate boundary condition, the contact part of the side wall of each composite micro-perforated plate uses the internal hard sound field boundary, and the overall outer surface of the model is set as the hard sound field boundary;

[0019] Step 2.3, select the mesh of the side with the most objects in the geometric model and use the mapped mesh generator, and then complete the meshing by sweeping;

[0020] Step 2.4, set the sound wave energy integration surface between the perfect matching layer and the background sound pressure field, set the integral formula of the incident sound energy and the reflected sound energy, obtain the total incident sound energy and the total reflected sound energy, add a one-dimensional drawing group to the results, and enter the sound absorption coefficient calculation formula based on the energy method to calculate the simulated sound absorption coefficient curve of the composite micro-perforated plate.

[0021] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, when the composite micro-perforated plate is meshed in step 2.3, the mesh size is smaller than 1 / 6 of the minimum sound wave wavelength in air.

[0022] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, step 3 specifically includes:

[0023] Step 3.1, the aperture, thickness, porosity, and back cavity depth of each micro-perforated plate are set as decision variables;

[0024] Step 3.2, taking the maximum average sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption coefficient curve in a given frequency band under white noise conditions as the optimization goal, construct the objective function:

[0025]

[0026] In formula (5), f l 、f u They represent the upper and lower limits of a given frequency band, avg(α) represents the average vertical incident sound absorption coefficient of a given frequency band, and α(f i ) represents the corresponding frequency f i Normal incidence sound absorption coefficient, h = fi+1 -f i , is f l With f u The step length between

[0027] Step 3.3, considering the restrictions of actual processing conditions on structural parameters, set the following constraints: total thickness of the sound absorbing structure, micro-perforated plate aperture range, plate thickness range, and porosity range;

[0028] Step 3.4, input the above conditions into the platform, obtain and output the optimized structural parameters.

[0029] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a research system for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, which includes a theoretical model calculation module, a simulation model calculation module and a genetic algorithm optimization design module;

[0030] The theoretical model calculation module establishes a mathematical model of the sound absorption structure based on the theory of acoustic-electric analogy, imports the mathematical expressions of the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate, uses MATLAB as a tool to program and calculate to obtain theoretical results, draws a theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve, and studies the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, and conducts theoretical research on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate;

[0031] The simulation model calculation module is based on the established mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate, uses COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software to establish a finite element model, performs simulation analysis on the composite micro-perforated plate, calculates the simulated sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and studies the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, and conducts simulation research on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate;

[0032] The genetic algorithm optimization design module develops a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure design and optimization platform based on mathematical models, finite element models and object-oriented programming language C++, and uses genetic algorithms to optimize the structural parameters that have the most significant impact on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, so as to obtain the composite micro-perforated plate structural parameters with the best sound absorption effect under given conditions.

[0033] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a program of a comprehensive platform. When the platform runs on a computer, the computer executes a research method for a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0034] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device includes a processor and a memory, wherein a platform program is stored in the memory, and the processor calls the platform program stored in the memory to execute a research method for a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization in the above embodiment.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a research method and system for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) Based on the series-parallel coupling mechanism, a type of composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure with excellent broadband sound absorption effect is studied and designed. (2) A composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption performance research and structural optimization design platform is developed to provide a certain reference for engineering noise control. (3) Starting from the problem of broadband and efficient noise reduction, a set of composite micro-perforated plate structure design, performance analysis, and optimization design methods are systematically summarized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A flowchart of a research method for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 2 A flow chart of a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption performance research and structural optimization design platform is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the calculation process of a theoretical model in a research method for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the calculation process of a simulation model in a research method for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a genetic algorithm optimization design process in a research method for a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization is provided for an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a research method for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Based on the theory of acoustic-electric analogy, a mathematical model of the sound absorption structure is established, the mathematical expressions of the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate are imported, MATLAB is used as a tool to program and calculate the theoretical results, a theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve is drawn, and the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate is studied, and a theoretical study on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate is carried out;

[0045] Step 2: Based on the established mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate, a finite element model is established using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software, and the composite micro-perforated plate is simulated and analyzed to calculate the simulated sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate is studied, and a simulation study on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate is carried out;

[0046] Step 3, develop a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure design and optimization platform based on mathematical models, finite element models and object-oriented programming language C++, and use genetic algorithms to optimize the structural parameters that have the most significant impact on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, so as to obtain the composite micro-perforated plate structural parameters with the best sound absorption effect under given conditions.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, step 1 specifically includes: step 1.1, based on the acoustic-electric analogy theory, the equivalent circuit diagram of the single-layer microperforated plate is obtained, and the impedance formula and sound absorption coefficient formula of the single-layer microperforated plate are derived. Step 1.2, based on the single-layer microperforated plate theory, combined with the series-parallel coupling mechanism of the microperforated plate, the equivalent circuit diagram of the composite microperforated plate is obtained, and the impedance formula of the composite microperforated plate is derived. Step 1.3, based on the composite microperforated plate theory, MATLAB programming is performed to establish a mathematical model of the composite microperforated plate. Step 1.4, based on the mathematical model, the structural form and size parameters of the composite microperforated plate are preliminarily determined, and MATLAB is used as a tool to calculate the theoretical results, and the theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve of the composite microperforated plate in the full frequency band is drawn, and the influence of each structural parameter on the sound absorption effect of the composite structure is further analyzed, and the sound absorption characteristics of the sound-absorbing structure are studied.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, step 2 specifically includes: step 2.1, select pressure acoustics and frequency domain physics in COMSOL, establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the structure according to the design dimensions of the composite micro-perforated plate structure, and define the material as air in the material library. Step 2.2, based on the real physical scene, set the domain and boundary conditions of the model, set the background sound pressure field as the sound wave incident domain, the incident wave is a plane wave, the incident sound wave amplitude is 1Pa, and the incident direction is the normal of the incident surface; to simulate the situation where the outgoing wave is absorbed during the propagation away from the sound source, set the perfect matching layer in the outgoing wave direction; the model micro-perforated plate uses the internal perforated plate boundary condition, the contact part of the side wall of each composite micro-perforated plate uses the internal hard sound field boundary, and the overall outer surface of the model is set as the hard sound field boundary.

[0049] Step 2.3, select the mesh with the most objects in the geometric model and use the mapped mesh generator, and then complete the meshing by sweeping; when meshing the composite micro-perforated plate in step 2.3, the mesh size is smaller than 1 / 6 of the minimum sound wave wavelength in the air. Step 2.4, set the sound wave energy integration surface between the perfect matching layer and the background sound pressure field, set the incident sound energy and reflected sound energy integration formula, obtain the incident total sound energy and reflected total sound energy, add a one-dimensional drawing group to the results, and enter the sound absorption coefficient calculation formula based on the energy method to calculate the simulated sound absorption coefficient curve of the composite micro-perforated plate.

[0050] The sound absorption coefficient is the ratio of the sound energy absorbed by the material (including the transmitted sound energy) to the total sound energy incident on the material. The sound energy absorbed by the material is: W diss =W i -W r (1); in formula (1), W i -Incident sound energy (J), W r -Reflected sound energy (J).

[0051] By setting up an "acoustic wave energy integration surface" between the "perfectly matched layer" and the "background sound pressure field" and integrating the incident plane of the sound wave, the total amount of incident sound energy W can be obtained. i and the energy of the reflected sound wave W r .

[0052]

[0053] In formulas (2) and (3), pi is the incident sound pressure (Pa); pr is the reflected sound pressure (Pa); ps is the total sound pressure on the incident plane (Pa); ρ0 is the air density (kg / m 3 ); S-total area of ​​the integral surface, i.e. the total area of ​​the sound wave incident surface (m 2 ).

[0054] The sound absorption coefficient is:

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, step 3 specifically includes: step 3.1, setting the aperture, thickness, porosity and back cavity depth of each micro-perforated plate as decision variables. Step 3.2, taking the maximum average sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption coefficient curve in a given frequency band under white noise conditions as the optimization target, constructing an objective function.

[0056]

[0057] In formula (5), f l 、f u They represent the upper and lower limits of a given frequency band, avg(α) represents the average vertical incident sound absorption coefficient of a given frequency band, and α(f i ) represents the corresponding frequency f i Normal incidence sound absorption coefficient, h = f i+1 -f i , is f l With f u The step length between

[0058] Step 3.3, considering the restrictions of actual processing conditions on structural parameters, set the following constraints: total thickness of the sound absorbing structure, pore size range of the micro-perforated plate, plate thickness range, and porosity range.

[0059] Step 3.4, input the above conditions into the platform, obtain and output the optimized structural parameters.

[0060] As mentioned above, based on the series-parallel coupling mechanism of micro-perforated plates, the present invention proposes a composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure with broadband and efficient sound absorption effect, establishes a mathematical model of the sound-absorbing structure according to theories such as the acoustic-electric analogy method, and uses COMSOL software to establish a computational finite element model of the composite micro-perforated plate, and conducts research on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure. Finally, based on the above research and the object-oriented programming language C++, a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure design and optimization platform is developed. This platform uses a genetic algorithm to optimize and analyze the basic structural parameters of the composite micro-perforated plate, and realizes the search for the parameter values ​​with the widest frequency band and the best sound absorption effect within a given range, so as to obtain the best sound absorption structure under a given thickness.

[0061] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a research system for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, which includes a theoretical model calculation module, a simulation model calculation module and a genetic algorithm optimization design module;

[0062] The theoretical model calculation module establishes a mathematical model of the sound absorption structure based on the theory of acoustic-electric analogy, imports the mathematical expressions of the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate, uses MATLAB as a tool to program and calculate to obtain theoretical results, draws a theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve, and studies the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, and conducts theoretical research on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate;

[0063] The simulation model calculation module is based on the established mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate, uses COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software to establish a finite element model, performs simulation analysis on the composite micro-perforated plate, calculates the simulated sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and studies the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, and conducts simulation research on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate;

[0064] The genetic algorithm optimization design module develops a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure design and optimization platform based on mathematical models, finite element models and object-oriented programming language C++, and uses genetic algorithms to optimize the structural parameters that have the most significant impact on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, so as to obtain the composite micro-perforated plate structural parameters with the best sound absorption effect under given conditions.

[0065] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a program of a comprehensive platform. When the platform runs on a computer, the computer executes a research method for a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0066] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device includes a processor and a memory, wherein a platform program is stored in the memory, and the processor calls the platform program stored in the memory to execute a research method for a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization in the above embodiment.

[0067] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A research method for a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Based on the theory of acoustic-electric analogy, a mathematical model of the sound absorption structure is established, the mathematical expressions of the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate are imported, MATLAB is used as a tool to program and calculate the theoretical results, a theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve is drawn, and the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate is studied, and a theoretical study on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate is carried out; Step 2: Based on the established mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate, a finite element model is established using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software, and the composite micro-perforated plate is simulated and analyzed to calculate the simulated sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate is studied, and a simulation study on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate is carried out; Step 3, develop a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure design and optimization platform based on mathematical models, finite element models and object-oriented programming language C++, and use genetic algorithms to optimize the structural parameters that have the most significant impact on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, so as to obtain the composite micro-perforated plate structural parameters with the best sound absorption effect under given conditions.

2. The research method of a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 1 specifically includes: Step 1.1, based on the acoustic-electric analogy theory, the equivalent circuit diagram of the single-layer micro-perforated plate is obtained, and the impedance formula and sound absorption coefficient formula of the single-layer micro-perforated plate are derived; Step 1.2, based on the single-layer micro-perforated plate theory and combined with the series-parallel coupling mechanism of the micro-perforated plate, the equivalent circuit diagram of the composite micro-perforated plate is obtained, and the impedance formula of the composite micro-perforated plate is derived; Step 1.3, based on the theory of composite micro-perforated plate, MATLAB programming is performed to establish a mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate; Step 1.4, based on the mathematical model, preliminarily determine the structural form and size parameters of the composite micro-perforated plate, use MATLAB as a tool to calculate the theoretical results, draw the theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and further analyze the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite structure, and carry out research on the sound absorption characteristics of the sound-absorbing structure.

3. The research method of a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Step 2 specifically includes: Step 2.1, select pressure acoustics and frequency domain physics in COMSOL, and build a three-dimensional geometric model of the structure according to the design dimensions of the composite micro-perforated plate structure. The material is defined as air in the material library; Step 2.2, based on the real physical scene, set the domain and boundary conditions of the model, set the background sound pressure field as the sound wave incident domain, the incident wave is a plane wave, the incident sound wave amplitude is 1Pa, and the incident direction is the normal of the incident surface; to simulate the situation where the outgoing wave is absorbed in the process of propagating away from the sound source, set the following in the direction of the outgoing wave: the perfect matching layer; the model micro-perforated plate uses the internal perforated plate boundary condition, the contact part of the side wall of each composite micro-perforated plate uses the internal hard sound field boundary, and the overall outer surface of the model is set as the hard sound field boundary; Step 2.3, select the mesh of the side with the most objects in the geometric model and use the mapped mesh generator, and then complete the meshing by sweeping; Step 2.4, set the sound wave energy integration surface between the perfect matching layer and the background sound pressure field, set the integral formula of the incident sound energy and the reflected sound energy, obtain the total incident sound energy and the total reflected sound energy, add a one-dimensional drawing group to the results, and enter the sound absorption coefficient calculation formula based on the energy method to calculate the simulated sound absorption coefficient curve of the composite micro-perforated plate.

4. The method for researching a broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When meshing the composite micro-perforated plate in step 2.3, the mesh size is smaller than 1 / 6 of the minimum wavelength of sound waves in air.

5. The research method of a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Step 3 specifically includes: Step 3.1, the aperture, thickness, porosity, and back cavity depth of each micro-perforated plate are set as decision variables; Step 3.2, taking the maximum average sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption coefficient curve in a given frequency band under white noise conditions as the optimization goal, construct the objective function: In formula (5), f l 、f u They represent the upper and lower limits of a given frequency band, avg(α) represents the average vertical incident sound absorption coefficient of a given frequency band, and α(f i ) represents the corresponding frequency f i Normal incidence sound absorption coefficient, h = f i+1 -f i , is f l With f u The step length between Step 3.3, considering the restrictions of actual processing conditions on structural parameters, set the following constraints: total thickness of the sound absorbing structure, micro-perforated plate aperture range, plate thickness range, and porosity range; Step 3.4, input the above conditions into the platform, obtain and output the optimized structural parameters.

6. A research system for broadband and efficient composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization, characterized in that: It includes theoretical model calculation module, simulation model calculation module and genetic algorithm optimization design module; The theoretical model calculation module establishes a mathematical model of the sound absorption structure based on the theory of acoustic-electric analogy, imports the mathematical expressions of the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the composite micro-perforated plate, uses MATLAB as a tool to program and calculate to obtain theoretical results, draws a theoretical sound absorption coefficient curve, and studies the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, and conducts theoretical research on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate; The simulation model calculation module is based on the established mathematical model of the composite micro-perforated plate, uses COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software to establish a finite element model, performs simulation analysis on the composite micro-perforated plate, calculates the simulated sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate in the full frequency band, and studies the influence of various structural parameters on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, and conducts simulation research on the sound absorption characteristics of the composite micro-perforated plate; The genetic algorithm optimization design module develops a composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure design and optimization platform based on mathematical models, finite element models and object-oriented programming language C++, and uses genetic algorithms to optimize the structural parameters that have the most significant impact on the sound absorption effect of the composite micro-perforated plate, so as to obtain the composite micro-perforated plate structural parameters with the best sound absorption effect under given conditions.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a program of a comprehensive platform. When the platform runs on a computer, the computer executes the research method of a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure based on genetic algorithm optimization as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes a processor and a memory, wherein a platform program is stored in the memory, and the processor is used to execute the research method of a broadband and high-efficiency composite micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure based on genetic algorithm optimization as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 by calling the platform program stored in the memory.

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