Heterogeneous fluid interface sorting method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a heterogeneous fluid interface sorting method and a heterogeneous fluid interface sorting device. According to the method, in the upward flowing process of heterogeneous fluid, a flow velocity boundary interface is formed by changing the flowing cross section area, and dispersed phase separation is achieved through the selectivity of the interface to dispersed phases. A device used for realizing the method comprises a feeding column, a sorting column and a gathering and transporting box, a column body of the feeding column is perpendicular to the ground plane, the sorting column is vertically fixed above the feeding column through the gathering and transporting box, a lower opening of the sorting column is parallel to an upper opening of the feeding column, the interval between the two planes is a dispersed phase inner outlet, and the gathering and transporting box surrounds and contains the dispersed phase inner outlet. According to the heterogeneous fluid interface sorting method, the working efficiency of similar sorting devices is improved, meanwhile, the problem that the inner wall of a non-moving part sorting device is seriously abraded is solved, multi-stage sorting can be achieved in one-way feeding, and the heterogeneous fluid interface sorting method is a new technology and device in heterogeneous sorting and separating technologies and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The method can be applied to the fields of chemical engineering, petroleum, light industry, medicine, food, spinning, metallurgy, mineral separation, coal, environmental protection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heterogeneous separation, and relates to a method and a device for separating a dispersed phase in a heterogeneous fluid without moving parts. Background Art

[0002] In the known heterogeneous separation technology without moving parts, the devices designed by gravity, inertial force and centrifugal force include gravity settlers, inertial separators and cyclones of various structures and specifications, and various filtering devices designed and applied by fluid pressure difference. Among these technologies and devices: gravity settlers or sedimentation devices are easy to operate, reliable in operation, and low in operating costs. They are widely used in the production process of solid-liquid separation, gas-solid separation, and liquid-liquid separation, but they are large in size and low in efficiency; inertial separators are mainly used for gas-solid separation, and they also have the defect of low efficiency; cyclones are widely used because of their high efficiency. There are two devices, cyclone separators and hydrocyclone separators, which are used for gas-solid separation and solid-liquid separation respectively, but due to the large power consumption, they also bring about the problems of severe inner wall wear and poor operating stability; filtering devices will consume filter materials, and at the same time, they need to be cleaned or replaced quantitatively or regularly, which relatively increases the production cost and operating cost. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for separating heterogeneous fluids at the interface in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the known technology. The heterogeneous fluid interface separation method of the present invention improves the working efficiency of similar separation devices, while also overcoming the problem of severe wear of the inner wall of the separation device without moving parts, and can achieve multi-stage separation in one-way feeding.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is a method for separating heterogeneous fluid interfaces. The method utilizes the dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid to flow vertically upward with the continuous phase under the condition that the dispersed phase is equal to or greater than the minimum conveying flow rate of the dispersed phase, and reduces the flow rate of the fluid to the minimum conveying flow rate corresponding to the dispersed phase that does not need to be separated in the fluid, and then utilizes the boundary interface between the current flow rate and the original flow rate and the selectivity of the interface for the dispersed phase to achieve the separation of the dispersed phase. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: The object to be sorted is used as a dispersed phase, and then homogeneously mixed with a continuous phase to prepare a heterogeneous fluid;

[0006] Step 2, transporting the prepared heterogeneous fluid vertically upward into a vertical pipe, with a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum transport flow rate corresponding to the dispersion in the fluid;

[0007] Step 3, by changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid flow, the heterogeneous fluid transported vertically upward enters another pipe body with an increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flow, and the flow rate is reduced to the minimum transport flow rate corresponding to the dispersed phase in the fluid that does not need to be sorted;

[0008] Step 4, at the outer edge of the velocity boundary interface formed by connecting the above two velocity boundary points, the dispersed phase to be separated in the heterogeneous fluid is recovered to achieve separation of the dispersed phase;

[0009] The dispersed phase refers to solid powder or liquid droplets that exist in a dispersed state in a fluid;

[0010] The continuous phase is a flowable liquid or gas.

[0011] The minimum conveying velocity of the dispersed phase refers to the minimum velocity required for the dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid to flow vertically upward with the continuous phase;

[0012] The minimum conveying flow rate corresponding to the dispersed phase that does not need to be sorted refers to the minimum flow rate required when the dispersed phase that does not need to be sorted flows vertically upward with the continuous phase in the heterogeneous fluid;

[0013] The so-called selectivity refers to the fact that different dispersed phases are affected by their density, particle size, shape and the interaction force between them and the continuous phase, and the corresponding minimum conveying flow rate in the continuous phase is different and the corresponding flow rate boundary interface is also different.

[0014] Furthermore, different dispersed phases are vertically stacked in the same sorting device at their corresponding minimum conveying flow rates in the order of flow rates, so as to realize multi-stage synchronous sorting of different dispersed phases.

[0015] Furthermore, the dispersed phase obtained by sorting is re-selected, re-selected, ..., or re-selected in N stages using the same method, thereby effectively increasing the proportion of the selected dispersed phase in the obtained dispersed phase.

[0016] Furthermore, the heterogeneous fluid interface separation method is combined with flotation, magnetic separation, gravity separation, electrostatic separation, chemical separation, screening and bacterial separation according to the separation process to construct a circulation process to achieve efficient separation of powders.

[0017] The device used to realize the above-mentioned sorting method is as follows:

[0018] The present invention also discloses a heterogeneous fluid interface sorting device, comprising a feed column, a sorting column, a collecting box, an overflow trough or a head, the column center lines of the feed column and the sorting column coincide, the center of the device body is perpendicular to the ground plane, the feed column is at the bottom, the sorting column is at the top, and a dispersed phase inner outlet is arranged between the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column or on the dividing line; the collecting box surrounds and contains the dispersed phase inner outlet, the sorting column is connected and fixed to the feed column through the collecting box, and the upper end of the feed column is fixedly connected to the overflow trough or the head;

[0019] The feed column is a cylindrical tube, or a truncated cone tube, or a tube that is a combination of a cylindrical tube and a truncated cone. The upper opening is perpendicular to the center line of the tube, and the feed opening is arranged at the bottom end or bottom of the tube. The feed opening is provided with a feed joint as required.

[0020] The sorting column is composed of a sorting section A and a tail section W. The sorting section A is a truncated cone-shaped tube body or a cylindrical tube body, and the tail section W is a cylindrical tube body. The tail section W is on the top and the sorting section A is on the bottom, and they are vertically connected. The cone angle of the sorting section A of the truncated cone-shaped tube body is less than 120°.

[0021] The gathering and transporting box is a box body, the bottom surface of which is composed of one or more inclined surfaces, the feed port is arranged in coordination with the dispersed phase inner outlet, at least one discharge port is arranged at the bottom, at least one continuous phase input interface J is arranged on the box body, and the pressure monitoring port is arranged as needed;

[0022] The dispersed phase internal outlet refers to the interval t between the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column, or the hole on the boundary line between the feed column and the sorting column. The two planes of the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column are perpendicular to their center lines.

[0023] Furthermore, the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column have the same shape and the same direction, and the plane center lines of the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column coincide with each other.

[0024] Furthermore, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section A of the separation column at any location is greater than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the upper opening of the feed column.

[0025] The present invention also discloses a multi-stage sorting device for a heterogeneous fluid interface, in which the tail flow section W of the sorting column of the previous sorting device is used as the feed column of the next sorting device, and then the collecting box and the sorting column of the next sorting device are connected, and so on and so forth are vertically connected to form a multi-stage sorting device for a heterogeneous fluid interface.

[0026] A heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting device is disclosed. The discharge port of the previous stage sorting device is connected with the feed port of the next stage sorting device through a pipe, and the heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting device is formed by connecting them in series.

[0027] Furthermore, in two or more heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting devices, after removing the tail flow section W of the sorting column of each sorting device, all the multi-stage sorting devices are tightly combined and connected together in parallel with an integrally constructed tail flow section, sharing an integrally constructed tail flow section to form medium and large heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting devices.

[0028] Furthermore, one or a group of spiral blades are arranged in the inner cavity of the feed column, or an inner column and a spiral plate structure are added to the lower end of the inner cavity of the feed column, and the spiral plate rises around the inner column.

[0029] Furthermore, a conduit is provided between the separation column and the collecting and transporting box.

[0030] Furthermore, a speed regulating component is arranged in the inner cavity of the sorting column; the speed regulating component refers to a replaceable and detachable solid column or barrel and its bracket which are vertically fixed in the center of the inner cavity of the sorting column.

[0031] Furthermore, a pressure monitoring port is provided on the body of the sorting column as required.

[0032] Furthermore, a pressure monitoring port is provided on the gathering and transportation box body as required.

[0033] Furthermore, a continuous phase input interface is provided on the collecting box body as required.

[0034] Furthermore, supporting legs are provided as required, and the supporting connection points of the supporting legs are on the shell of the feed column, or the sorting column, or the collecting and transporting box.

[0035] The above-mentioned heterogeneous fluid interface sorting method and device can achieve the expected sorting or separation of the dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid under various pressures, and is used in chemical, petroleum, light industry, medicine, food, textile, metallurgy, mineral processing, coal, environmental protection and other fields.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the heterogeneous fluid interface sorting method can effectively improve the working efficiency of the sorting or separation device without moving parts, has small pressure loss, good operating stability, easy automatic control, low operating cost, and avoids the problem of serious wear of the inner wall of the device. Moreover, multi-stage sorting can be achieved in one feeding, which is a new technical approach and device in heterogeneous sorting and separation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure and a separation method of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure and a separation method of another heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure and a separation method of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device provided with internal parts in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure and a separation method of another heterogeneous fluid interface separation device provided with an internal part in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 AA section view;

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device provided with a conduit in the present invention;

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a partial cross-sectional view showing the working structure of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device with a speed regulating component in the present invention;

[0047] Fig.10 It is a half-section schematic diagram of the working structure of another heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention;

[0048] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the working structure of a vertical series type heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage separation device in the present invention;

[0049] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the working structure of a parallel series type heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage separation device in the present invention;

[0050] Fig.13 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the working structure of a large or medium-sized heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention;

[0051] Fig.14 It is a linear process symbol created according to the technical method described in the present invention;

[0052] Fig.15 It is a simplified process flow chart for metal mineral separation using the technical method of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.16It is a mineral processing process constructed by combining the technical method described in the present invention with the flotation method;

[0054] Explanation of the numbers and letters in the figure: 1. Feed column; 2. Sorting column; 3. Gathering box; 4. Spiral blade; 5. Inner column; 6. Spiral plate; 7. Overflow trough; 8. Conduit; 9. Leg; 10. Feed joint; 11. End cap; 12. Discharge joint; 13. Pipe; 14. Bracket; 15. Speed ​​regulating part; A. Sorting section; W. Wake section; F. Dispersed phase; L. Continuous phase; M. Interface; P. Pressure monitoring port; C. Discharge port; J. Interface; N. Sorting unit;

[0055] Explanation of symbols in the figure: - heavy dispersed phase; ——light dispersed phase; arrows indicate flow direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The purpose of the present invention is to sort or separate the dispersed phase F in the heterogeneous fluid. The dispersed phase F refers to the solid powder or liquid droplets in the heterogeneous fluid.

[0057] The interface described in the present invention refers to the minimum upward transport flow velocity corresponding to the dispersed phase F in the heterogeneous fluid and the dividing point below the flow velocity, and the boundary interface M formed by connecting with each other on the fluid flow cross section; since the flow velocity of the tube wall of the feed column 1 is less than the central flow velocity, the flow velocity of the fluid decreases after leaving the feed column 1, and the shape of the boundary interface M between the reduced flow velocity and the original flow velocity must be a central bulge.

[0058] Due to the differences in the structure of the dispersed phase F in the heterogeneous fluid, the heterogeneous fluid composed of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase with different structures corresponds to a minimum transport flow rate. When the flow rate corresponding to the flow rate boundary interface M is equal to or higher than the minimum transport flow rate of the heterogeneous fluid, the dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid will inevitably be blocked by the interface M when falling. The boundary interface M with different flow rates corresponds to dispersed phases with different structures. The transport flow rate required for the light dispersed phase is inevitably smaller than the transport flow rate required for the heavy dispersed phase, making the sorting or separation of the dispersed phase a reality.

[0059] The heterogeneous fluid interface separation method of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: The object to be sorted is used as a dispersed phase F, and then homogeneously mixed with a continuous phase L to prepare a heterogeneous fluid. The continuous phase L can be liquid or gas;

[0061] Step 2: The prepared heterogeneous fluid is vertically transported upward into a vertical tube, and the flow rate is equal to or greater than the minimum transport flow rate u corresponding to the dispersed phase F in the fluid; in the device described in the present invention, the flow rate u refers to the flow rate of the heterogeneous fluid flowing out of the feed column 1; at this flow rate, the dispersed phase F in the heterogeneous fluid will not fall during the vertical upward transport process, which effectively ensures that the feed column 1 can work continuously; it can be seen that the flow cross-sectional area S1 of the upper outlet of the feed column 1 must meet the following requirements:

[0062] S1≤Q / u Formula 1

[0063] Step 3, adopting the method of changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid flow, so that the heterogeneous fluid transported vertically upward enters another pipe body with an increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flow, and reduces its flow rate to the minimum transport flow rate u1 corresponding to the dispersed phase that does not need to be sorted (relatively light) in the fluid; specifically, in the device described in the present invention, it refers to the flow rate at the end of the sorting section A in the sorting column 2; at this flow rate, the continuous phase L, or the dispersed phase that does not need to be sorted (relatively light) will continue to flow upward with the continuous phase, and the dispersed phase F that needs to be separated or selected will be in the sorting section A because of the stall under the action of gravity. The flow cross-sectional area increases after the fluid enters the separation section A of the separation column 2 from the feed column 1, and the flow velocity is inevitably reduced. There must be an upwardly convex boundary interface M at the upper opening of the feed column 1 between the reduced flow velocity and the original flow velocity. The dispersed phase F to be selected in the separation section A of the separation column 2 must be blocked by the interface M when falling downward. It can be seen that when the flow velocity of the heterogeneous fluid reaching the end point of the separation section A of the separation column 2 is the minimum conveying flow velocity u1 corresponding to the dispersed phase that does not need to be selected, the flow cross-sectional area S2 at the end point of the separation section A must meet the following requirements:

[0064] S2=Q / u1 Formula 2

[0065] Step four, after the dispersed phase F to be separated or selected is blocked by the interface M in the sorting section A of the sorting column 2, since the interface M is convex upward along the upper mouth of the feed column 1, the upper edge of the feed column 1 is the outer edge of the flow velocity boundary interface M described in the present invention, and the dispersed phase F to be separated or selected is affected by the convexity of the flow velocity interface M and the driving force of the flow velocity and moves toward the outer edge of the interface M, and finally enters the collecting box 3 from the dispersed phase inner outlet set at the upper edge of the feed column 1, thereby realizing the sorting of the dispersed phase F.

[0066] In formulas 1 and 2: Q represents the working flow rate of the heterogeneous fluid; S1 represents the flow cross-sectional area at the outlet of the feed column 1; S2 represents the flow cross-sectional area at the end point of the separation section A of the separation column 2; u represents the critical flow velocity of the heterogeneous fluid; u1 represents the critical flow velocity corresponding to the non-selected (relatively light) dispersed phase.

[0067] The device described in the present invention is composed of a feed column 1, a sorting column 2, a collecting box 3, an overflow trough 7 or a head 11, and also includes a spiral blade 4, an inner column 5, a spiral plate 6, a conduit 8, a leg 9, a feed joint 10, a discharge joint 12, a pipe 13, a bracket 14, and a speed regulating part 15; the feed column 1 and the sorting column 2 are connected to each other through the collecting box 3, the center lines of the main bodies coincide, and they are installed perpendicular to the ground plane, the feed column 1 is at the bottom, the sorting column 2 is at the top, the gap between the feed column 1 and the sorting column 2, or the hole on the dividing line is the inner outlet of the dispersed phase separation, the upper plane of the feed column 1 and the lower plane of the sorting column 2 are both perpendicular to their center lines, and the collecting box 3 surrounds and contains the inner outlet of the dispersed phase separation; the outer edge of the upper plane of the sorting column 2 is fixedly connected to the overflow trough 7, or is fixedly connected to the head 11 above the upper plane; the support connection point of the leg 9 is on the shell of the feed column 1, or the sorting column 2, or the collecting box 3;

[0068] The feed column 1 is a cylindrical tube, or a truncated cone tube, or a tube that is a combination of a cylindrical tube and a truncated cone, the upper opening is perpendicular to the center line of the tube, and the feed opening is arranged at the bottom end or bottom of the tube;

[0069] Furthermore, the feed column 1 is provided with one or a group of spiral blades in the inner cavity as required, the rotation direction of the blades is consistent, and the rotation center coincides with the center of the feed column 1, or an inner column and a spiral plate structure are added to the lower end of the inner cavity of the feed column 1, and the spiral plate rises around the feed column shell and the inner column; the above-mentioned internal parts added to the feed column 1 have the function of forcing the upward-flowing fluid to rotate;

[0070] Furthermore, a feed connector 10 is connected to the feed port at the bottom of the feed column, and the direction of the feed port is changed by the feed connector 10 to facilitate connection with the feed pipeline;

[0071] The sorting column 2 is composed of a sorting section A and a tail section W. The sorting section A is a truncated cone-shaped tube or a column-shaped tube. The tail section W is on the top and the sorting section A is on the bottom, which are vertically connected. The cone angle of the sorting section A of the truncated cone-shaped tube is less than 120°. The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the sorting section A at any point is greater than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the upper opening of the feed column 1. The lower opening of the sorting column 2 and the upper opening of the feed column 1 have the same shape and the same direction, and the center lines of the planes of the two openings coincide. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the sorting parameters , a speed regulating assembly can be arranged in the inner cavity of the sorting column 2 as needed; the speed regulating assembly is composed of a bracket 14 and a speed regulating member 15, and the speed regulating member 15 is fixed to the center of the inner cavity of the sorting column 2 through the bracket 14; the speed regulating member 15 is a replaceable and detachable solid or hollow cylinder, or a cone, or a truncated cone, and its function is to adjust the flow rate of the fluid in the sorting column 2; the pressure monitoring port on the column of the sorting column 2 is arranged as needed, and its purpose is to provide pressure parameters for the sorting system and the collection and transportation box 3;

[0072] The collecting box 3 is an annular box body, the inner ring surface can be borrowed from or partially borrowed from the shell of the feed column 1 and the separation column 2, the bottom surface is composed of one or more inclined surfaces, the feed port is at the upper end of the inner ring, the discharge port is set at the bottom of the collecting box 3, at least one is set, at least one continuous phase input interface J is set on the box body, and the pressure monitoring port is set as needed; the collecting box 3 and the dispersed phase separation outlets between the feed column 1 and the separation column 2 are connected and connected. During operation, the collecting box 3 can effectively avoid interference with the flow rate and flow velocity of the separation column 2 through the regulation of the continuous phase input; in large and medium-sized devices, the collecting box 3 can be combined in sections;

[0073] Furthermore, a conduit 8 is provided between the separation column 2 and the collecting tank 3 as required; in the operation of complete separation of the dispersed phase, the continuous phase can be directly introduced into the collecting tank 3 through the conduit 8;

[0074] Furthermore, the tail flow section W of the sorting column 2 of the previous sorting device is used as the feed column of the next sorting device, and then connected to the collecting box and the sorting column of the next sorting device, and so on and so forth, vertically connected to form a heterogeneous interface multi-stage sorting device;

[0075] Furthermore, the discharge port of the previous stage sorting device is connected to the feed port of the next stage sorting device through the pipe 13, and so on and so forth are connected in series to form a heterogeneous interface multi-stage sorting device.

[0076] In two or more heterogeneous interface multi-stage separation devices, after removing the separation column tail flow section W of each separation device, all multi-stage separation devices are closely combined and connected in parallel with an integral tail flow section, and a medium or large heterogeneous fluid interface separation device composed of a common integral tail flow section is formed, as shown in the attached Fig.13 The large and medium-sized heterogeneous fluid interface separation device shown.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure and separation method of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention, Figure 2 yes Figure 1A partial enlarged schematic diagram of . In this embodiment, the feed column 1, the sorting column 2, and the collecting box 3 are the basic structure of the heterogeneous fluid interface sorting device; wherein, the sorting column 2 is composed of a sorting section A and a tail flow section W, and the sorting column 2 is arranged above the feed column 1 and fixed to each other by the collecting box 3; the lower opening of the sorting section A of the sorting column 2 and the upper opening of the feed column 1 are in the same plane, with the same shape and direction, and the centers of the two openings coincide; the dispersed phase inner outlet of the device is arranged between the bottom plane of the sorting column 2 and the upper plane of the feed column 1, and the spacing t is determined according to the heterogeneous fluid structure, and the collecting box 3 surrounds and contains the dispersed phase inner outlet; the sorting section A of the sorting column 2 is provided with a pressure monitoring interface P2, and the collecting box 3 is provided with a pressure monitoring interface P1 and a continuous phase interface J; the sorting section A of the sorting column 2 is an inverted truncated cone circular configuration, with an angle θ<120°, and its specific angle is determined according to the stall falling speed of the dispersed phase F and the particle size, and its tube wall slope should be able to ensure that the dispersed phase F does not deposit on the inclined wall;

[0079] During operation, the flow rate of the heterogeneous fluid at the outlet of the feed column 1 is equal to or slightly greater than the minimum conveying flow rate u of the fluid flowing upward; in order to completely separate the dispersed phase F, only the continuous phase L exists in the tail flow section W, and the flow rate at the end of the separation section A of the separation column 2 is reduced in a decreasing manner to reach a value less than the minimum conveying flow rate u1 corresponding to the dispersed phase F of the fluid. The specific separation process is as follows:

[0080] (i) The heterogeneous fluid enters the separation column 2 from the bottom of the feed column 1 upward; since the flow rate of the heterogeneous fluid in the feed column 1 is equal to or slightly greater than the minimum upward conveying flow rate u of the fluid, the dispersed phase F does not fall;

[0081] (ii) After the heterogeneous fluid enters the separation section A of the separation column 2, the flow cross-sectional area increases and the flow velocity decreases. There is an upwardly convex boundary interface M between the flow velocity and the flow velocity at the outlet of the feed column 1; when the heterogeneous fluid reaches the end of the separation section A of the separation column 2, its flow velocity is less than the minimum conveying flow velocity u1 corresponding to all dispersed phases F of the fluid, and the dispersed phases F in the flow velocity are all in a stall state below another flow velocity boundary interface M1, and there is no condition to enter the tail flow section W of the separation column 2. All dispersed phases F will fall due to stalling; when the dispersed phase F falls to the interface M, it is blocked by the flow velocity and is affected by the convexity of the interface M and Due to the effect of gravity, the dispersed phase F can only jump and migrate to the edge of the interface M, and finally enter the collecting box 3; in this process, since the flow rate of the sorting section A of the sorting column 2 decreases according to the slope, there will be countless relatively different flow rates in the vertical interval of the sorting section A, and at the same time, there will be countless flow rate boundary interfaces, corresponding to the dispersed phase F of different masses or particle sizes. The relatively light dispersed phase is in the upper layer and falls on the inclined surface of the sorting section A, and then slides down to the dispersed phase inner outlet; since the flow rate of the sorting section A near the inclined surface is the lowest flow rate among the flow rates at various positions in the cross section, it will not prevent the light dispersed phase from sliding down along the inclined surface;

[0082] (III) In order to make the sorted or separated dispersed phase F flow out from the discharge port C of the collecting tank 3 and prevent the fluid in the sorting column 2 from disorderly entering the collecting tank 3 due to the pressure difference, the continuous phase L fluid is injected into the collecting tank 3 through the continuous phase interface J in synchronization with the heterogeneous fluid; at the same time, according to the measurement data of the pressure monitoring interfaces P1 and P2, the working pressure P1 of the fluid in the collecting tank 3 is controlled to be equal to or slightly less than the working pressure P2 of the fluid in the sorting column 2;

[0083] (iv) collecting the dispersed phase F from the discharge port C of the collecting box 3 to achieve the separation or separation of the dispersed phase; recovering the continuous phase L fluid from the top of the tail flow section W of the sorting column 2 to complete the entire process of separating the dispersed phase F.

[0084] The method and device described in this embodiment are suitable for the sorting and separation of solid-liquid two-phase fluids, gas-solid two-phase fluids, gas-liquid two-phase fluids, and liquid-liquid two-phase fluids, and can be applied to various fields such as chemical industry, petroleum, light industry, medicine, food, textile, metallurgy, mineral processing, coal, and environmental protection.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] See also Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure and a separation method of another heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention, Figure 4 yes Figure 3The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the inner outlet of the dispersed phase is arranged between the upper plane of the feed column 1 and the lower plane of the separation column 2, and the gap t between the two planes is used as the inner outlet of the dispersed phase; another difference is that the pressure monitoring port P2 of the separation column 2 is arranged in the tail section W;

[0087] In this embodiment, the flow rate u1 of the heterogeneous fluid at the end of the separation section A of the sorting column 2 is equal to the minimum conveying flow rate of the non-selected dispersed phase. The non-selected dispersed phase is a relatively light dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid and can pass through the interface M1. The dispersed phase F falling into the collecting box 3 is a dispersed phase to be selected and is also a relatively heavy dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid. The gap at the outlet t in the dispersed phase is relatively an inclined surface, which has the advantage of minimizing the bottom plane area of ​​the sorting column 2, avoiding turbulence of the fluid at the outlet of the dispersed phase, and effectively improving the sorting effect.

[0088] The working method and purpose of the heterogeneous separation in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the partial working structure and separation method of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device provided with internal parts in the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the bottom inner cavity of the feed column 1 is provided with a spiral blade 4; the spiral blade 4 is connected and fixed through the tube wall of the feed column 1;

[0091] In this embodiment, the heterogeneous fluid rotates in the feed column 1 under the guidance of the spiral blade 4, which is conducive to the movement of the dispersed phase F toward the edge of the interface M under the action of centrifugal force, and can also prevent the dispersed phase F from being deposited on the inclined tube wall of the separation section A of the separation column 2.

[0092] The working method and purpose of the heterogeneous separation in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0093] Example 4

[0094] See also Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial working structure and a separation method of another heterogeneous fluid interface separation device provided with internal parts in the present invention, Figure 7 yes Figure 6AA cross-sectional view; the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the built-in components of the feed column 1 use an inner column 5 and a spiral plate 6, and the feeding method adopts tangential feeding. The spiral plate 6 is fixed between the inner column 5 and the tube wall of the feed column 1, and the spiral plate rises; in this embodiment, when the heterogeneous fluid enters the feed column 1 tangentially from the bottom, it rotates and rises along the spiral plate 6, and the effect is the same as that of embodiment 3; the use of tangential feeding can greatly increase the centrifugal force of the fluid and enhance the sorting ability of the device.

[0095] The heterogeneous separation operation mode of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, and the purpose is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0096] Example 5

[0097] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the partial working structure of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device provided with a conduit in the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the continuous phase required to be supplemented in the collecting tank 3 is supplied through the conduit 8 connected between the tail flow section W of the separation column 2 and the collecting tank 3, and the number of conduits 8 is reasonably configured according to the need to transport the dispersed phase outward from the collecting tank 3; in this embodiment, stable operation can be achieved by controlling the flow rate of the discharge port C, simplifying the separation device and the control process.

[0098] The working method and purpose of the heterogeneous separation in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0099] Example 6

[0100] See also Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the working structure of a heterogeneous fluid interface separation device with a speed regulating component in the present invention; the device shown in this embodiment is composed of a feed column 1, a separation column 2, a collection box 3, an overflow trough 7, a support leg 9, a feed connector 10, a bracket 14 and a speed regulating member 15; in the device, the feed connector 10 is connected to the feed port of the feed column 1 to facilitate the working connection with the input heterogeneous fluid pipeline; the overflow trough 7 is fixedly connected to the upper port of the separation column 2 to collect the continuous phase fluid after separation by the separation column 2; the collection box 3 is connected to the feed column 1, and the overflow trough 7 is ... The box 3 is provided with 4 discharge ports C, and the bottom angle α of the collecting box 3 corresponding to the discharge ports is less than 120°. The specific angle is determined according to the structure of the dispersed phase F, and the bottom slope should be able to ensure that the dispersed phase F does not deposit on the inclined wall. In large and medium-sized devices, the number of discharge ports C can be increased to reduce the bottom slope height corresponding to the discharge port of the collecting box 3; the speed regulating assembly is composed of a bracket 14 and a speed regulating member 15, and the speed regulating member 15 is fixed to the central upper end of the sorting column 2 through the bracket 14, and is used to adjust the flow rate of the two working sections in the sorting column 2;

[0101] During operation, the device is kept in a vertical state by the support 9, and the heterogeneous fluid enters the sorting device through the feed joint 10. The dispersed phase F can be collected, transferred and processed at the discharge port C by gravity, jet, screw conveying and other methods. The continuous phase L enters the overflow tank 7 in an overflow manner and flows out through the outlet, and then is collected or processed as needed; the speed regulating part 15 increases the flow rate of the fluid in the sorting column 2 by volume, so as to meet the sorting requirements of the dispersed phase F of different structures of the same device; the speed regulating part 15 is replaceable and detachable;

[0102] The heterogeneous separation working mode of the device is the same as that of Example 1. It is a device with the lowest energy consumption in single-stage heterogeneous fluid interface separation devices, and its purpose is also the same as that of Example 1.

[0103] Example 7

[0104] See also Fig.10 , Fig.10 It is a half-section schematic diagram of the working structure of another heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is mainly that the continuous phase L is collected by a pipe structure, and the overflow tank 7 in embodiment 6 is replaced by a head 11 connected to a discharge joint 12; in this device, the continuous phase L after separation is discharged outward through the discharge joint 12, and can be directly delivered to the required place through the connecting pipe; the device can perform separation operation at any pressure, and the advantage is that the continuous phase L after separation can be simultaneously delivered to the destination through a heterogeneous conveying device;

[0105] The purpose of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0106] Example 8

[0107] See also Fig.11 , Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the working structure of a vertically connected series type heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage separation device in the present invention. This embodiment is composed of the working structure of Example 1 or Example 2 connected in series vertically, and the tail flow section of the separation column in the separation unit N replaces the feed column in the separation unit N1, and then the tail flow section of the separation column in the separation unit N1 replaces the feed column in the separation unit N2. And so on;

[0108] In this embodiment, the sorting units N, N1, N2... each correspond to a collecting box, and the sorted dispersed phases F of different structures are collected through respective discharge ports C, C1, C2...; this embodiment uses different dispersed phases corresponding to different flow rate interfaces to achieve multi-stage sorting, which has the advantage that the dispersed phase F in the heterogeneous phase can be sorted more finely in one device, and the quality or particle size of the sorted dispersed phase is decreasing; the sorting method of each sorting unit in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0109] The purpose of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0110] Example 9

[0111] See also Fig.12 , Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the working structure of a parallel series type heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting device in the present invention. The device is a multi-stage sorting device composed of the heterogeneous fluid interface sorting device shown in Example 7, which is directly connected in series through a pipe 13, and the continuous phase outlet of the first stage N is connected to the heterogeneous inlet of the second stage N1 through a pipe..., and so on to the Nn stage; in this device, the purpose of graded sorting of the dispersed phase F as needed can be achieved through a heterogeneous fluid conveying device, and the quality or particle size of the dispersed phase F obtained by sorting decreases by level, and the sorting method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0112] The purpose of this device is the same as that of Example 1.

[0113] Example 10

[0114] See also Fig.13 , Fig.13 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the working structure of a large and medium-sized heterogeneous fluid interface separation device in the present invention. The device is composed of separation units N, N1..., to Nn connected in parallel, wherein the dispersed phase outlets of each separation unit share a collection box 3 of an integral structure, and the tail flow sections W of all separation columns 2 also share a tail flow section of an integral structure. The continuous phase after separation is recovered by overflowing through the overflow tank 7; the advantages of the device are large production capacity and small space occupation, and it is suitable for large-scale heterogeneous separation production, and the separation method and application scope are the same as those in Example 1.

[0115] Embodiment 11

[0116] See also Fig.14 , Fig.14 It is a linear process symbol created according to the technical method described in the present invention. In the figure: ① the arrow indicates the source of the heterogeneous fluid; ② the arrow indicates the direction of the dispersed phase; ③ the arrow indicates the direction of the non-selective dispersed phase and the continuous phase.

[0117] Example 12

[0118] See also Fig.15 , Fig.15 This is a simplified process flow chart for metal mineral separation using the technical method described in this invention. In this process, the density of metal is greater than that of gangue. After the metal ore is mined:

[0119] (i) First, the mined ore is sent to the grinding equipment for grinding, and then the ore powder (dispersed phase) is added with water (continuous phase) to prepare the slurry (heterogeneous fluid) and sent to the heterogeneous fluid interface separation device for particle size classification (dispersed phase separation);

[0120] (ii) During the particle size classification and sorting, the device used for particle size classification is first set in the state of sorting coarse powder, and the obtained coarse powder with undissociated minerals is returned to the grinding equipment for re-grinding, so that the undissociated or incompletely dissociated minerals in the coarse powder are fully dissociated; the fluid after the coarse powder is sorted is sent to another heterogeneous fluid interface sorting device for mineral (heavy dispersed phase) sorting;

[0121] (III) During mineral sorting, the gangue powder is treated as unselected powder (light dispersed phase) in the heterogeneous fluid interface sorting device according to its particle quality; then, the concentrate (heavy dispersed phase) is obtained from the outlet of the collecting tank of the heterogeneous fluid interface sorting device to complete the mineral sorting, and the unselected powder (light dispersed phase) is sent to the tailings pond along with water (continuous phase).

[0122] Embodiment 13

[0123] See also Fig.16 , Fig.16 This is a mineral processing process constructed by combining the technical method described in the present invention with the flotation method. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 12 is that the fluid after coarse particle separation is sent to the flotation device to complete the mineral separation; this process is intended to solve the problem of under-grinding in flotation grinding, which causes the coarse particle powder to settle in the flotation process.

[0124] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there are many combinations and variations. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made according to the technical methods and embodiments of the present invention should be considered to belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating heterogeneous fluid interfaces, characterized in that: The dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid flows vertically upward with the continuous phase under the condition that the dispersed phase is equal to or greater than the minimum conveying flow rate of the dispersed phase, the flow rate of the fluid is reduced to the minimum conveying flow rate corresponding to the dispersed phase that does not need to be separated in the fluid, and then the boundary interface between the current flow rate and the original flow rate and the selectivity of the interface for the dispersed phase are used to achieve the dispersed phase separation; specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: The object to be sorted is used as a dispersed phase, and then homogeneously mixed with a continuous phase to prepare a heterogeneous fluid; Step 2, transporting the prepared heterogeneous fluid vertically upward into a vertical pipe, with a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum transport flow rate corresponding to the dispersion in the fluid; Step 3, by changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid flow, the heterogeneous fluid transported vertically upward enters another pipe body with an increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flow, and the flow rate is reduced to the minimum transport flow rate corresponding to the dispersed phase in the fluid that does not need to be sorted; Step 4, at the outer edge of the velocity boundary interface formed by connecting the above two velocity boundary points, the dispersed phase to be separated in the heterogeneous fluid is recovered to achieve separation of the dispersed phase; The dispersed phase refers to solid powder or liquid droplets that exist in a dispersed state in a fluid; The continuous phase is a flowable liquid or gas. The minimum conveying velocity of the dispersed phase refers to the minimum velocity required for the dispersed phase in the heterogeneous fluid to flow vertically upward with the continuous phase; The minimum conveying flow rate corresponding to the dispersed phase that does not need to be sorted refers to the minimum flow rate required when the dispersed phase that does not need to be sorted flows vertically upward with the continuous phase in the heterogeneous fluid; The so-called selectivity refers to the fact that different dispersed phases are affected by their density, particle size, shape and the interaction force between them and the continuous phase, and the corresponding minimum conveying flow rate in the continuous phase is different and the corresponding flow rate boundary interface is also different.

2. A heterogeneous fluid interface separation device, characterized in that: The sorting device comprises a feed column (1), a sorting column (2), a collecting box (3), an overflow trough (7) or a head (11); the center lines of the feed column (1) and the sorting column (2) coincide with each other; the feed column (1) is at the bottom and the sorting column (2) is at the top; an inner outlet of the dispersed phase is formed between the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column or on the dividing line; the collecting box (3) surrounds and contains the inner outlet of the dispersed phase; the sorting column (2) is connected and fixed to the feed column (1) through the collecting box (3); the upper end of the feed column (1) is fixedly connected to the overflow trough (7) or the head (11); The feed column (1) is a cylindrical tube, or a truncated cone tube, or a tube in which a cylindrical body and a truncated cone are combined, the upper opening is perpendicular to the center line of the tube, and the feed opening is arranged at the bottom end or the bottom of the tube; The sorting column (2) is composed of a sorting section A and a tail section W. The sorting section A is a truncated cone-shaped tube body or a cylindrical tube body, and the tail section W is a cylindrical tube body. The tail section W is on the top and the sorting section A is on the bottom, and they are vertically connected. The cone angle of the sorting section A of the truncated cone-shaped tube body is less than 120°. The collecting and transporting box (3) is a box body, the bottom surface of which is composed of one or more inclined surfaces, the feed inlet is arranged in coordination with the dispersed phase inner outlet, at least one discharge port is arranged at the bottom, and at least one continuous phase input interface J is arranged on the box body; The dispersed phase internal outlet refers to the interval t between the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the separation column, or the hole on the boundary line between the feed column (1) and the separation column (2), and the two planes of the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the separation column are perpendicular to their center lines.

3. A heterogeneous fluid interface separation device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column have the same shape and the same direction, and the plane center lines of the upper opening of the feed column and the lower opening of the sorting column coincide with each other.

4. A heterogeneous fluid interface separation device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section A of the separation column (2) at any point is greater than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the upper opening of the feed column (1).

5. A device for multi-stage separation of heterogeneous fluid interfaces, characterized in that: The tail flow section W of the sorting column (2) of the previous stage sorting device is used as the feed column (1) of the next stage sorting device, and then the collecting box (3) and the sorting column (1) of the next stage sorting device are connected, and the vertical connection is similar to that to form a heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting device.

6. A device for multi-stage separation of heterogeneous fluid interfaces, characterized in that: The discharge port of the previous stage sorting device is connected to the feed port of the next stage sorting device through a pipe (13), and the same is true for the series connection to form a heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting device.

7. A heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage separation device as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: In two or more heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting devices, after removing the tail flow section W of the sorting column of each sorting device, all the multi-stage sorting devices are tightly combined and connected in parallel with an integral tail flow section, sharing an integral tail flow section, to form medium and large heterogeneous fluid interface multi-stage sorting devices.

8. The heterogeneous fluid interface separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A speed regulating component (15) is arranged in the inner cavity of the sorting column (2), wherein the speed regulating component refers to a replaceable and detachable solid column or barrel and its bracket (14) which is vertically fixed at the center of the inner cavity of the sorting column.

9. The heterogeneous fluid interface separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A conduit (8) is provided between the separation column (2) and the collection box (3).

10. The heterogeneous fluid interface separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spiral blade (4) or a group of spiral blades (4) are arranged in the inner cavity of the feed column (1), or a spiral plate (6) is arranged at the lower end of the inner cavity of the feed column (1), and the spiral plate (6) rises around the inner column (5).

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