Metal 3D printing method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal 3D printing method and device, and relates to the technical field of 3D printing. The metal 3D printing method comprises the following steps: melting metal powder on a metal substrate by adopting a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to form a first cladding layer of at least partial area; and impacting the first cladding layer by adopting a pulse laser beam emitted by a pulse laser, and melting at least part of thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer. According to the embodiment of the invention, the pulse laser is used for carrying out laser shock on the first cladding layer, shock waves generated after high-temperature ionization enable the first cladding layer to generate plastic deformation, residual stress in the first cladding layer is reduced, dislocation density is increased, grains of a surface material are refined, and the surface of the formed first metal layer is smooth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and in particular to a metal 3D printing method and device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology has gradually become an indispensable part of the manufacturing industry. 3D printing technology is changing people's traditional production and lifestyle. Relevant research shows that 3D printing manufacturing technology, characterized by digitalization, networking, personalization and customization, will promote the third industrial revolution.

[0003] The metal 3D printing process, especially the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process, is a process that uses lasers to quickly melt and solidify metal powders to form a metal layer, which is equivalent to the process of micro-casting. A laser with a smaller molten pool and a smaller spot diameter is set to continuously melt, solidify, and stack the metal powder layer by layer to produce a complex product. During the forming process, huge stress is generated due to the huge temperature gradient and phase change. If the stress exceeds the strength limit of the product itself, it will cause deformation or even cracking of the parts. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a metal 3D printing method and device. The shock wave generated after high-temperature ionization causes plastic deformation of the first cladding layer, reduces the residual stress inside the first cladding layer, increases the dislocation density, refines the grains of the surface material, makes the surface of the first cladding layer smooth, and improves the fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the material.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a metal 3D printing method is provided, the metal 3D printing method comprising:

[0006] Using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area;

[0007] A pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser is used to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer.

[0008] Optionally, before using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area, the method further includes:

[0009] The metal powder is evenly spread on the surface of the metal substrate.

[0010] Optionally, the metal substrate includes a component setting area, the component setting area is provided with at least one component, and a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser is used to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer, comprising:

[0011] The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser is used to irradiate the component setting area to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form the first cladding layer.

[0012] Optionally, using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer comprises:

[0013] The pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser is used to impact the first cladding layer to melt the surface layer of the first cladding layer, thereby forming a stacked first cladding base layer and the first metal layer.

[0014] Optionally, before evenly spreading the metal powder on the surface of the metal substrate, the method further comprises:

[0015] The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser is used to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a second cladding layer.

[0016] Optionally, after the first cladding layer is impacted by a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to melt at least a portion of the first cladding layer to form the first metal layer, the method further comprises:

[0017] Evenly spreading the metal powder on a surface of the first metal layer that is away from the metal substrate;

[0018] Using the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the surface of the first metal layer away from the metal substrate to form a second cladding layer;

[0019] The pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser is used to impact the second cladding layer to form a second metal layer.

[0020] Optionally, a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser is used to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area, comprising:

[0021] Using the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a complete first cladding layer;

[0022] The method comprises: using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer, comprising:

[0023] The pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser is used to impact the complete first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form the first metal layer.

[0024] Optionally, using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer comprises:

[0025] When the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser melts the metal powder on the metal substrate to form the first cladding layer in at least a partial area, the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser is used to impact the first cladding layer that has been formed to melt at least a partial thickness of the first cladding layer to form the first metal layer.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metal 3D printing device, comprising a continuous laser, emitting a continuous laser beam for melting metal powder on a metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area;

[0027] A pulse laser emits a pulse laser beam to impact the first cladding layer, melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer, and form a first metal layer.

[0028] Optionally, it also includes a collimating mirror, a scanning galvanometer, a field mirror and a protective mirror which are sequentially arranged in a direction close to the metal substrate;

[0029] The collimator includes a first collimator and a second collimator that are symmetrically arranged, wherein the first collimator is connected to the output end of the continuous laser, and the second collimator is connected to the output end of the pulse laser, and the first collimator is used to collimate the continuous laser beam, and the second collimator is used to collimate the pulse laser beam;

[0030] The scanning galvanometer includes a first scanning galvanometer and a second scanning galvanometer that are symmetrically arranged, the first scanning galvanometer is arranged between the first collimating mirror and the metal substrate, the second scanning galvanometer is arranged between the second collimating mirror and the metal substrate, the first scanning galvanometer is used to adjust the transmission direction of the continuous laser beam, and the second scanning galvanometer is used to adjust the transmission direction of the pulsed laser beam;

[0031] The field mirror comprises a first field mirror and a second field mirror which are symmetrically arranged, wherein the first field mirror is arranged between the first scanning galvanometer and the metal substrate, and the second field mirror is arranged between the second scanning galvanometer and the metal substrate, the first field mirror is used to focus the continuous laser beam, and the second field mirror is used to focus the pulsed laser beam;

[0032] The protective mirror includes a first protective mirror and a second protective mirror that are symmetrically arranged, wherein the first protective mirror is arranged between the first field mirror and the metal substrate, and the second protective mirror is arranged between the second field mirror and the metal substrate, the first protective mirror is used to isolate the first field mirror from the metal substrate, and the second protective mirror is used to isolate the second field mirror from the metal substrate.

[0033] The embodiment of the present invention provides a metal 3D printing method and device, wherein a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser melts metal powder on a metal substrate to form a first cladding layer, and a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser impacts the first cladding layer to melt the surface of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer. The first cladding layer is laser impacted by a pulsed laser, and the shock wave generated after high-temperature ionization causes the first cladding layer to produce plastic deformation, reduce the residual stress inside the first cladding layer, increase the dislocation density, refine the grains of the surface material, make the surface of the first cladding layer smooth, improve the fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the material, and improve the versatility of metal 3D printing. The brittle material can also reduce the problem of material cracking by laser impact.

[0034] It should be understood that the contents described in this section are not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A flowchart of a first metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the first metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A flow chart of a second metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the second metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A flowchart of a third metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a preparation process of a third metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 A flowchart of a fourth metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a preparation process of a fourth metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 9 A flowchart of a fifth metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a preparation process of a fifth metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.11 A schematic structural diagram of a first metal 3D printing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0049] Figure 1 A flowchart of a first metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the first metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , metal 3D printing methods include:

[0050] S110, using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area.

[0051] Among them, the continuous laser 10 is a device that can emit laser light uninterruptedly, with stable output power and wavelength, and can operate stably for a long time. The continuous laser 10 continuously emits laser light by exciting the material to a high energy level, causing it to continuously transition between the excited state and the ground state. The cladding layer refers to a surface coating that is melted and covered on the surface of the base material to form a metallurgical bond with it. The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 10 heats the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30, and the metal powder 31 melts to form a molten pool and quickly solidifies, forming a first cladding layer 32 on the metal substrate 30.

[0052] Illustratively, at least a portion of the metal powder 31 is melted and solidified to form a first cladding layer 32 . The area covered by the first cladding layer 32 can be set according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not impose any specific limitation on this.

[0053] It is understandable that the power of the continuous laser 10 can be set according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not impose specific limitations on this. As an example, the maximum power of the continuous laser 10 is 500W, the wavelength is 1070nm, and the spot diameter is 300μm.

[0054] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown in (a), a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser 10 is used to melt the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a first cladding layer 32 in at least a partial area.

[0055] S120, using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer.

[0056] The pulse laser 20 is a device that emits laser light in the form of pulses, and has the characteristics of high peak power and short pulse width. The pulse laser 20 generates short pulses of light by generating short-term electron excitation in a substance, and the output power and wavelength vary with time.

[0057] It is understandable that, since the continuous laser beam output by the continuous laser 10 has extremely strong energy and a large temperature gradient during the process of rapid melting and solidification of the metal powder 31, a huge stress is generated in the first cladding layer 32. If the stress exceeds the strength limit of the first cladding layer 32, the first cladding layer 32 will be deformed or even cracked. The first cladding layer 32 is irradiated with a short-pulse strong pulse laser beam, and the surface of the first cladding layer 32 will quickly absorb the laser energy in a short time, and the surface of the first cladding layer 32 will melt and vaporize, and the steam particles will be ionized to form plasma. In the process of the plasma diffusing and expanding to the surroundings, a shock wave will be formed, which causes the first cladding layer 32 to undergo plastic deformation as a whole. Since the thickness of the first cladding layer 32 is very small, the shock wave will be reflected multiple times in the first cladding layer 32, so that the stress tends to be uniform, forming a uniformly distributed first metal layer 33. Laser shock reduces the residual stress inside the first cladding layer 32, increases the dislocation density, refines the grains of the surface material, makes the surface of the first cladding layer 32 smooth, improves the material's fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance, and improves the versatility of metal 3D printing. Brittle materials can also be reduced from cracking problems by laser shock.

[0058] For example, the power of the pulse laser 20 can be set according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not impose specific restrictions on this. As an example, the wavelength of the pulse laser 20 is 1064nm, the repetition rate is 2Hz, the pulse width is 15-20ns, and the single pulse energy is 50J.

[0059] It is understandable that the thickness of the first cladding layer 32 melted by the pulse laser 20 can be set according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not impose any specific limitation on this.

[0060] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown in (b), a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser 20 is used to impact the first cladding layer 32 to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer 32 to form a first metal layer 33.

[0061] In the metal 3D printing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser melts the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer, and a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser impacts the first cladding layer to melt the surface of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer. The first cladding layer is laser impacted by a pulsed laser, and the shock wave generated after high-temperature ionization causes the first cladding layer to produce plastic deformation, reduce the residual stress inside the first cladding layer, increase the dislocation density, refine the grains of the surface material, make the surface of the first cladding layer smooth, improve the fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the material, and improve the versatility of metal 3D printing. Brittle materials can also reduce the problem of material cracking by laser impact.

[0062] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 3 A flowchart of a second metal 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the second metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , metal 3D printing methods include:

[0063] S210, using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a second cladding layer.

[0064] The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 10 heats the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 , and the metal powder 31 melts to form a molten pool and solidifies rapidly, thereby forming a second cladding layer 34 on the metal substrate 30 .

[0065] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown in (a1), a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser 10 is used to melt the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a second cladding layer 34.

[0066] S220, spreading the metal powder evenly on the surface of the metal substrate.

[0067] The metal powder 31 is evenly spread on the surface of the metal substrate 30 by a scraper, that is, the metal powder 31 covers the surface of the second cladding layer 34 away from the metal substrate 30, which provides a basis for the subsequent melting of the metal powder 31 to form the first cladding layer 32. The type and thickness of the metal powder 31 can be set according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not impose specific restrictions on this. As an example, the thickness of the metal powder 31 is greater than or equal to 30μm and less than or equal to 50μm.

[0068] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown in (b1), the metal powder 31 is evenly spread on the surface of the metal substrate 30.

[0069] S230, using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to irradiate the component setting area to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer.

[0070] The metal substrate 30 includes a component setting area, where at least one component is set, and the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 10 melts the metal powder 31 covering the surface of the component setting area to form a first cladding layer 32 on the metal substrate 30, while the metal powder 31 on the surface of the metal substrate 30 outside the component setting area is not melted. The second cladding layer 34 is set between the first cladding layer 32 and the metal substrate 30.

[0071] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown in (c1), a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser 10 is used to irradiate the component setting area to melt the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a first cladding layer 32.

[0072] S240, using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer, melting the surface layer of the first cladding layer, and forming a first cladding base layer and a first metal layer arranged in a stacked manner.

[0073] The pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser 20 impacts the surface of the first cladding layer 32, causing the surface of the first cladding layer 32 to be remelted, causing the surface of the first cladding layer 32 to melt and vaporize, causing the vapor particles to ionize and form plasma. During the diffusion and expansion of the plasma, shock waves are formed, causing the first cladding layer 32 to undergo plastic deformation as a whole, so that the first cladding layer 32 forms a first cladding base layer 36 and a first metal layer 33 that are stacked.

[0074] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown in (d1), a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser 20 is used to impact the first cladding layer 32 to melt the surface layer of the first cladding layer 32 to form a first cladding base layer 36 and a first metal layer 33 which are stacked.

[0075] In the metal 3D printing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser forms a second cladding layer on the surface of a metal substrate, and metal powder is evenly spread on the surface of the second cladding layer away from the metal substrate. The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser heats the metal powder, and the metal powder quickly melts and solidifies to form a first cladding layer. The pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser performs laser shock on the surface of the first cladding layer, so that the first cladding layer forms a first metal layer with more uniform internal distribution. After forming two cladding layers on the metal substrate, a pulsed laser is used to perform laser shock on the surface of the first cladding layer, so as to improve the uniformity of distribution inside the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, reduce the residual stress inside the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, increase the dislocation density, refine the grain of the surface material, improve the fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the material, and improve the efficiency of metal 3D printing.

[0076] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 5 A flowchart of a third metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the third metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , metal 3D printing methods include:

[0077] S310, using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area.

[0078] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (a2), a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser 10 is used to melt the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a first cladding layer 32 in at least a partial area.

[0079] S320, using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer.

[0080] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (b2), a pulse laser beam emitted by a pulse laser 20 is used to impact the first cladding layer 32 to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer 32 to form a first metal layer 33.

[0081] S330, evenly spreading the metal powder on the surface of the first metal layer on one side away from the metal substrate.

[0082] The metal powder 31 is evenly spread on the surface of the first metal layer 33 away from the metal substrate 30 by a scraper, which provides a basis for the subsequent melting of the metal powder 31 to form the second cladding layer 34 .

[0083] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (c2), the metal powder 31 is evenly spread on the surface of the first metal layer 33 on one side away from the metal substrate 30.

[0084] S340, using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the surface of the first metal layer away from the metal substrate to form a second cladding layer.

[0085] The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 10 heats the metal powder 31 on the surface of the first metal layer 33 away from the metal substrate 30, and the metal powder 31 melts to form a molten pool and solidifies rapidly, forming a second cladding layer 34 on the surface of the first metal layer 33 away from the metal substrate 30. The first metal layer 33 is disposed between the second cladding layer 34 and the metal substrate 30.

[0086] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (d2), a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser 10 is used to melt the metal powder 31 on the surface of the first metal layer 33 away from the metal substrate 30 to form a second cladding layer 34.

[0087] S350, using a pulse laser beam emitted by a pulse laser to impact the second cladding layer to form a second metal layer.

[0088] The pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser 20 impacts the surface of the second cladding layer 34, causing the surface of the second cladding layer 34 to be remelted, causing the surface of the second cladding layer 34 to melt and vaporize, causing the vapor particles to ionize and form plasma. During the diffusion and expansion of the plasma, shock waves are formed, causing the second cladding layer 34 to undergo plastic deformation as a whole, so that the second cladding layer 34 forms a second metal layer 35 with a more uniform internal distribution.

[0089] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (e2), a pulse laser beam emitted by a pulse laser 20 is used to impact the second cladding layer 34 to form a second metal layer 35.

[0090] In the metal 3D printing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser heats the metal powder on the surface of the metal substrate, and the metal powder quickly melts and solidifies to form a first cladding layer. A pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser performs laser impact on the surface of the first cladding layer, so that the first cladding layer forms a first metal layer with a more uniform internal distribution, and the metal powder is evenly spread on the surface of the first metal layer away from the metal substrate. A continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser forms a second cladding layer on the surface of the first metal layer away from the metal substrate, and a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser performs laser impact on the surface of the second cladding layer, so that the second cladding layer forms a second metal layer with a more uniform internal distribution. After the first metal layer is formed on the surface of the metal substrate, a second metal layer is formed on the surface of the first metal layer away from the metal substrate, further improving the uniformity of distribution inside the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, reducing the residual stress inside the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, increasing the dislocation density, refining the grains of the surface material, and improving the fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the material.

[0091] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 7 A flowchart of a fourth metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the fourth metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , metal 3D printing methods include:

[0092] S410, using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a complete first cladding layer.

[0093] The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 10 heats the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30, and the metal powder 31 melts to form a molten pool and solidifies rapidly, thereby forming a first cladding layer 32 on the metal substrate 30. The continuous laser 10 melts and solidifies all the metal powder 31 that needs to be melted on the metal substrate 30, and after forming a complete first cladding layer 32 on the metal substrate 30, the first cladding layer 32 is laser impacted.

[0094] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (a3), a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser 10 is used to melt the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a complete first cladding layer 32.

[0095] S420, using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the complete first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer.

[0096] The pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser 20 impacts the surface of the first cladding layer 32, causing the surface of the first cladding layer 32 to be remelted, causing the surface of the first cladding layer 32 to melt and vaporize, causing the vapor particles to ionize and form plasma. During the diffusion and expansion of the plasma, shock waves are formed, causing the entire first cladding layer 32 to undergo plastic deformation, so that the first cladding layer 32 forms a first metal layer 33 with a more uniform internal distribution.

[0097] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (b3), a pulse laser beam emitted by a pulse laser 20 is used to impact the complete first cladding layer 32 to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer 32 to form a first metal layer 33.

[0098] In the metal 3D printing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a continuous laser melts and solidifies all the metal powders that need to be melted on the metal substrate. After a complete first cladding layer is formed on the metal substrate, a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser impacts the surface of the complete first cladding layer, so that the first cladding layer forms a first metal layer with uniform internal distribution. After the continuous laser processes the metal powder to form a complete first cladding layer, the first cladding layer is laser impacted again, thereby reducing the influence of the continuous laser on the laser impact. Only one laser impact is required to form a uniformly distributed first metal layer, thereby improving the efficiency of metal 3D printing.

[0099] Based on the above embodiments, Fig. 9 A flowchart of a fifth metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the fifth metal 3D printing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig. 9 and Fig.10, metal 3D printing methods include:

[0100] S510, using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area.

[0101] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (a4), a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser 10 is used to melt the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a first cladding layer 32 in at least a partial area.

[0102] S520, when the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser melts the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area, the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser impacts the already formed first cladding layer to melt at least a partial thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer.

[0103] In which, in the process of the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 10 melting the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form the first cladding layer 32, the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser 20 is used to perform laser shock on the already formed first cladding layer 32 to form the first metal layer 33. The continuous laser 10 and the pulsed laser 20 work simultaneously to process the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30.

[0104] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown in (b4), when the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 10 melts the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a first cladding layer 32 in at least a partial area, the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser 20 is used to impact the already formed first cladding layer 32 to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer 32 to form a first metal layer 33.

[0105] In the metal 3D printing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of melting the metal powder on the metal substrate with a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to form a first cladding layer, a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser is used to perform laser shock on the already formed first cladding layer to form a first metal layer. The continuous laser and the pulsed laser work simultaneously to process the metal powder on the metal substrate, thereby reducing costs, further improving the efficiency of metal 3D printing, and forming a first metal layer with uniform internal distribution on the surface of the metal substrate.

[0106] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a metal 3D printing device. Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first metal 3D printing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig.11The metal 3D printing device includes a continuous laser 10 and a pulsed laser 20. The continuous laser 10 emits a continuous laser beam to melt the metal powder 31 on the metal substrate 30 to form a first cladding layer 32 in at least a partial area; the pulsed laser 20 emits a pulsed laser beam to impact the first cladding layer 32 to melt at least a partial thickness of the first cladding layer 32 to form a first metal layer 33.

[0107] Optionally, the metal 3D printing device further includes a collimator mirror 40, a scanning galvanometer mirror 50, a field mirror 60 and a protective mirror 70 which are sequentially arranged in a direction close to the metal substrate 30. The collimator mirror 40 includes a first collimator mirror 41 and a second collimator mirror 42 which are symmetrically arranged, the first collimator mirror 41 is connected to the output end of the continuous laser 10, the second collimator mirror 42 is connected to the output end of the pulse laser 20, the first collimator mirror 41 is used to collimate the continuous laser beam, and the second collimator mirror 42 is used to collimate the pulse laser beam. The scanning galvanometer mirror 50 includes a first scanning galvanometer mirror 51 and a second scanning galvanometer mirror 52 which are symmetrically arranged, the first scanning galvanometer mirror 51 is arranged between the first collimator mirror 41 and the metal substrate 30, the second scanning galvanometer mirror 52 is arranged between the second collimator mirror 42 and the metal substrate 30, the first scanning galvanometer mirror 51 is used to adjust the transmission direction of the continuous laser beam, and the second scanning galvanometer mirror 52 is used to adjust the transmission direction of the pulse laser beam. The first scanning galvanometer 51 is arranged on the transmission path of the continuous laser beam. The first scanning galvanometer 51 can reflect the continuous laser beam. By adjusting the direction of the first scanning galvanometer 51, the transmission direction of the continuous laser beam can be adjusted to heat the metal powder 31 on the surface of the metal substrate 30. The second scanning galvanometer 52 is arranged on the transmission path of the pulsed laser beam. The second scanning galvanometer 52 can reflect the pulsed laser beam. By adjusting the direction of the second scanning galvanometer 52, the transmission direction of the pulsed laser beam can be adjusted.

[0108] Exemplarily, the field lens 60 includes a first field lens 61 and a second field lens 62 that are symmetrically arranged, the first field lens 61 is arranged between the first scanning galvanometer 51 and the metal substrate 30, the second field lens 62 is arranged between the second scanning galvanometer 52 and the metal substrate 30, the first field lens 61 is used to focus the continuous laser beam, and the second field lens 62 is used to focus the pulsed laser beam. The protective lens 70 includes a first protective lens 71 and a second protective lens 72 that are symmetrically arranged, the first protective lens 71 is arranged between the first field lens 61 and the metal substrate 30, the second protective lens 72 is arranged between the second field lens 62 and the metal substrate 30, the first protective lens 71 is used to isolate the first field lens 61 from the metal substrate 30, and the second protective lens 72 is used to isolate the second field lens 62 from the metal substrate 30.

[0109] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0110] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal 3D printing method, characterized in that: The metal 3D printing method comprises: Using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area; A pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser is used to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer.

2. The metal 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before using a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area, the method further includes: The metal powder is evenly spread on the surface of the metal substrate.

3. The metal 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal substrate comprises a component setting area, wherein at least one component is set in the component setting area, and a continuous laser beam emitted by a continuous laser is used to melt metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer, comprising: The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser is used to irradiate the component setting area to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form the first cladding layer.

4. The metal 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises: using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer, comprising: The pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser is used to impact the first cladding layer to melt the surface layer of the first cladding layer, thereby forming a stacked first cladding base layer and the first metal layer.

5. The metal 3D printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Before the metal powder is evenly spread on the surface of the metal substrate, the method further comprises: The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser is used to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a second cladding layer.

6. The metal 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer, the method further includes: Evenly spreading the metal powder on a surface of the first metal layer away from the metal substrate; Using the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the surface of the first metal layer away from the metal substrate to form a second cladding layer; The pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser is used to impact the second cladding layer to form a second metal layer.

7. The metal 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser is used to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area, comprising: Using the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser to melt the metal powder on the metal substrate to form a complete first cladding layer; The method comprises: using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer, comprising: The pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser is used to impact the complete first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form the first metal layer.

8. The metal 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises: using a pulsed laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser to impact the first cladding layer to melt at least a portion of the thickness of the first cladding layer to form a first metal layer, comprising: When the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser melts the metal powder on the metal substrate to form the first cladding layer in at least a partial area, the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser is used to impact the first cladding layer that has been formed to melt at least a partial thickness of the first cladding layer to form the first metal layer.

9. A metal 3D printing device, characterized in that: include: A continuous laser emits a continuous laser beam for melting metal powder on the metal substrate to form a first cladding layer in at least a partial area; A pulse laser emits a pulse laser beam to impact the first cladding layer, melt at least a portion of the first cladding layer, and form a first metal layer.

10. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a collimating mirror, a scanning galvanometer, a field mirror and a protective mirror which are sequentially arranged in a direction close to the metal substrate; The collimator includes a first collimator and a second collimator that are symmetrically arranged, wherein the first collimator is connected to the output end of the continuous laser, and the second collimator is connected to the output end of the pulse laser, and the first collimator is used to collimate the continuous laser beam, and the second collimator is used to collimate the pulse laser beam; The scanning galvanometer includes a first scanning galvanometer and a second scanning galvanometer that are symmetrically arranged, the first scanning galvanometer is arranged between the first collimating mirror and the metal substrate, the second scanning galvanometer is arranged between the second collimating mirror and the metal substrate, the first scanning galvanometer is used to adjust the transmission direction of the continuous laser beam, and the second scanning galvanometer is used to adjust the transmission direction of the pulsed laser beam; The field mirror comprises a first field mirror and a second field mirror which are symmetrically arranged, wherein the first field mirror is arranged between the first scanning galvanometer and the metal substrate, and the second field mirror is arranged between the second scanning galvanometer and the metal substrate, the first field mirror is used to focus the continuous laser beam, and the second field mirror is used to focus the pulsed laser beam; The protective mirror includes a first protective mirror and a second protective mirror that are symmetrically arranged, wherein the first protective mirror is arranged between the first field mirror and the metal substrate, and the second protective mirror is arranged between the second field mirror and the metal substrate, the first protective mirror is used to isolate the first field mirror from the metal substrate, and the second protective mirror is used to isolate the second field mirror from the metal substrate.

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