Organic fertilizer with humic acid activated by microorganisms and preparation method of organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microbial fermentation and organic fertilizers. By utilizing an ion exchange reaction, Ca < 2 + > and Mg < 2 + > ions in a coal humic acid raw material are inactivated and are not combined with humic acid any more, so that the content of water-soluble humic acid is increased; after the action of specific microorganisms, the intermolecular connectivity is reduced, the humic acid can be decomposed, and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in molecules are increased, so that more groups are exposed, and the micromolecular activated humic acid is obtained; the microbial activated humic acid, the livestock dry manure, the corn straw, the plant ash, the urine, the potassium sulfate and the monoammonium phosphate are prepared into the compound organic fertilizer, so that the growth of crops can be promoted, and the utilization rate of a coal humic acid resource is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation and organic fertilizer, and more particularly to an organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Humic acid is a complex high molecular organic matter formed by the long-term physical, chemical and biological effects of animal and plant remains. It is widely distributed in soil, water, peat, lignite and weathered coal. Natural humic acid mainly includes three categories: soil humic acid, water humic acid and mineral humic acid. my country is rich in coal humic acid resources. Taking weathered coal as an example, its reserves are estimated to be nearly 100 billion tons. It is mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Shanxi and other areas with many open-pit coal mines, and has not been effectively utilized so far. The total humic acid content in weathered coal is generally between 30% and 70%, and the highest is more than 80%. Therefore, weathered coal has become one of the most promising humic acid resources to be developed and utilized.

[0003] However, since weathered coal has a stable structure and mostly exists in the form of insoluble calcium and magnesium, it is generally added to the weathered coal without activation treatment, and its water solubility and physiological activity are very low, and it is not easily absorbed by plants, so the direct use effect is very poor. Therefore, it must undergo a certain activation treatment to convert the bound humic acid and some free humic acid that are difficult to be directly absorbed by crops into water-soluble humic acid before it can be used in the agricultural field.

[0004] The main methods for weathered coal activation include mechanical crushing (physical), strong alkali solution extraction activation (chemical), microbial dissolution (biological), etc. Each activation method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The operation process of physical activation is simple and the activation speed is fast, but the extraction conditions are single, the energy consumption is high, and the activation degree is low; chemical activation is fast and efficient, but the experimental conditions are complex, requiring a certain temperature and time, and the energy consumption and consumables costs are high; microbial activation has good quality, but it is time-consuming, cumbersome to operate, slow, and inefficient.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to provide an activated humic acid with low preparation cost and high activity and apply it to organic fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a microbial activated humic acid and an organic fertilizer prepared therefrom.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A microbial activated humic acid is prepared by the following method:

[0009] (1) crushing the humic acid-rich coal raw material, passing it through a 40-mesh sieve, and then adding water, then adding ammonium bicarbonate powder, and finally adding ammonium oxalate powder in a mass ratio of raw material particles: water: ammonium bicarbonate: ammonium oxalate = 20:5-7:2-4:2-3, mixing evenly, and then placing it in a sealed container for 48-72 hours and stirring to obtain material A;

[0010] (2) Prepare halophilic alkali bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum to a total concentration of 4 to 8 × 10 8 The composite bacterial liquid with a concentration of 1.5 cfu / mL is mixed with material a at an inoculation rate of 3-5%, and then aerobic fermentation is carried out for 12-24 hours under stirring conditions, and then anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 24-48 hours.

[0011] Step (1) After the coal raw material is crushed and water is added in the above proportion, a water film can be formed on the surface of the coal raw material particles. The ammonium bicarbonate fine powder added subsequently dissolves in the water film on the surface of the coal raw material particles. 4 + Ion exchange reaction occurs with divalent humic acid salt to generate ammonium humate, and the exchanged Ca 2+ Mg 2+ React with solid ammonium oxalate powder to generate calcium oxalate and magnesium oxalate, ensuring Ca 2+、 Mg 2+ It is inactivated and no longer combines with humic acid, thereby increasing the content of water-soluble humic acid.

[0012] Preferably, the humic acid-rich coal raw material in step (1) is weathered coal or lignite raw material, and the humic acid content is 20-50%.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the concentration ratio of the halophilic alkali bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum is 1:3:2:2.

[0014] By synergistically fermenting halophilic bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum and adjusting the concentration ratio between the fermentation strains, aerobic and anaerobic two-step fermentation degradation can be carried out, so that the humic acid bioenzyme can fully react with the substrate, and the degradation efficiency is better than that of solid fermentation degradation.

[0015] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation conditions in step (2) are 32-35° C., an initial ventilation ratio of 1:0.5, an initial rotation speed of 180 r / min, and the ventilation ratio is adjusted during the fermentation process to keep the relative value of dissolved oxygen at 20%-40%.

[0016] The conditions of the anaerobic fermentation in step (2) are: 32-35° C., stirring at a speed of 180 r / min for 1 min every 4 hours.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned microbial activated humic acid in the preparation of organic fertilizer.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer of microbially activated humic acid, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of dry poultry and livestock manure, 20-30 parts of corn stalks, 6-12 parts of microbially activated humic acid, 5-8 parts of wood ash, 5-10 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of potassium sulfate, and 3-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0019] Specifically, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: weighing various raw materials in proportion, grinding poultry and livestock dry manure, corn stalks and urea to 80 meshes respectively, mixing them evenly, then adding calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, mixing them evenly, granulating, spraying activated humic acid evenly on the surface of the particles, continuing granulation, and drying to obtain the organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid.

[0020] Preferably, the spraying rate is 4-5 kg / min and the coating time is 9-10 min.

[0021] By adjusting the specific spraying rate and coating time, the humic acid activated by microorganisms can be evenly coated on the surface of fertilizer particles. After fertilization, it can be preferentially absorbed by plants to promote early growth of crops.

[0022] Preferably, the drying is carried out under hot air conditions at 30-35° C. to a moisture content of 1.5%-2.5%.

[0023] The drying conditions of the organic fertilizer of the present invention can maintain the activity of the microorganisms that ferment humic acid remaining on the surface of the fertilizer, and can increase the richness of soil microorganisms after fertilization.

[0024] Through the above technical scheme, it can be known that the present invention discloses a microbial activated humic acid and an organic fertilizer prepared therefrom. By utilizing ion exchange reaction, Ca in the raw material of coal humic acid is activated. 2+ Mg 2+ The ions are inactivated and no longer combine with humic acid, increasing the content of water-soluble humic acid; and after the action of specific microorganisms, the degree of intermolecular bonding is reduced, so that humic acid can be decomposed, the hydroxyl group (-OH) in the molecule is increased, so that more groups are exposed, and small-molecule activated humic acid is obtained; by making compound organic fertilizers with dry poultry and livestock manure, corn straw, wood ash, urine, potassium sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate, the growth of crops can be promoted, and the utilization rate of coal humic acid resources can be improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The reagents involved in the embodiments of the present invention are all purchased from commercial channels, and the methods not mentioned are conventional experimental methods and will not be described in detail here.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Preparation of a microbial activated humic acid:

[0029] The weathered coal (containing 43% humic acid) was crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Water was then added in a mass ratio of raw material particles: water: ammonium bicarbonate: ammonium oxalate = 20:5:2:2, followed by mixing with water, ammonium bicarbonate powder, and finally mixing with ammonium oxalate powder. The mixture was placed in a sealed container for 48 hours and stirred to obtain material A.

[0030] The concentration ratio of halophilic alkali bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum was 1:3:2:2 to prepare a total concentration of 4×10 8 cfu / mL of the composite bacterial liquid, after being mixed with material a at an inoculation rate of 3%, aerobic fermentation was carried out at 32°C, an initial ventilation ratio of 1:0.5, and an initial rotation speed of 180r / min for 12h (during the period, the gas ratio was maintained to keep the relative value of dissolved oxygen at 20%-40%), and then ventilation was cancelled for anaerobic fermentation for 24h (during the period, stirring for 1min every 4h at a rotation speed of 180r / min).

[0031] Example 2

[0032] Preparation of a microbial activated humic acid:

[0033] The weathered coal (containing 43% humic acid) was crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Water was then added in a mass ratio of raw material particles: water: ammonium bicarbonate: ammonium oxalate = 20:6:3:3, followed by mixing with water, ammonium bicarbonate powder, and finally ammonium oxalate powder. The mixture was placed in a sealed container for 72 hours and stirred to obtain material A.

[0034] The concentration ratio of halophilic alkali bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum was 1:3:2:2 to prepare a total concentration of 6×10 8cfu / mL of the composite bacterial liquid, it was mixed with material a at an inoculation rate of 4%, and aerobic fermentation was carried out at 33°C, an initial ventilation ratio of 1:0.5, and an initial rotation speed of 180r / min for 18h (during the period, the gas ratio was maintained to keep the relative value of dissolved oxygen at 20%-40%), and then ventilation was cancelled for anaerobic fermentation for 36h (during the period, the rotation speed was 180r / min and stirred for 1min every 4h).

[0035] Example 3

[0036] Preparation of a microbial activated humic acid:

[0037] The weathered coal (containing 43% humic acid) was crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Then, water was added in a mass ratio of raw material particles: water: ammonium bicarbonate: ammonium oxalate = 20:7:4:3, and then ammonium bicarbonate powder was added and mixed. Finally, ammonium oxalate powder was added and mixed. The mixture was placed in a sealed container for 72 hours and stirred to obtain material A.

[0038] The concentration ratio of halophilic alkali bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum was 1:3:2:2 to prepare a total concentration of 8×10 8 cfu / mL of the composite bacterial liquid, after being mixed with material a at an inoculation rate of 5%, aerobic fermentation was carried out at 35°C, an initial ventilation ratio of 1:0.5, and an initial rotation speed of 180r / min for 24h (during the period, the gas ratio was maintained to keep the relative value of dissolved oxygen at 20%-40%), and then ventilation was cancelled for anaerobic fermentation for 48h (during the period, stirring for 1min every 4h at a rotation speed of 180r / min).

[0039] The humic acid content and fulvic acid content of the microbially activated humic acid prepared in Examples 1-3 were determined with reference to "HG / T 5933-2021 Humic Acid Organic-Inorganic Compound Fertilizer" and "GB / T 34765-2017 Determination of Mineral Source Fulvic Acid Content". The results are shown in Table 1:

[0040]

[0041] Example 4

[0042] Preparation of organic fertilizer of humic acid activated by microorganisms:

[0043] Weigh 40 parts of dry livestock excrement, 20 parts of corn stalks, 6 parts of microbial activated humic acid (prepared in Example 2), 5 parts of wood ash, 5 parts of urea, 1 part of potassium sulfate, and 3 parts of monoammonium phosphate. Grind the dry livestock excrement, corn stalks, and urea to 80 meshes respectively, mix them, add calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate, mix them, and granulate them. Spray the activated humic acid evenly on the surface of the particles at a rate of 4 to 5 kg / min for 9 to 10 minutes, and dry them under 30 to 35° C. hot air conditions to obtain an organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] Weigh 45 parts of dry livestock excrement, 35 parts of corn stalks, 9 parts of microbial activated humic acid (prepared in Example 2), 6 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of urea, 2 parts of potassium sulfate, and 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate. Grind the dry livestock excrement, corn stalks, and urea to 80 meshes respectively, mix them, add calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate, mix them, and granulate them. Spray the activated humic acid evenly on the surface of the particles at a rate of 4 to 5 kg / min for 9 to 10 minutes, and dry them under 30 to 35° C. hot air conditions to obtain an organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid.

[0046] Example 6

[0047] Weigh 50 parts of dry livestock excrement, 30 parts of corn stalks, 12 parts of microbial activated humic acid (prepared in Example 2), 8 parts of wood ash, 10 parts of urea, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, and 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, grind the dry livestock excrement, corn stalks, and urea to 80 meshes respectively, mix them, add calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate, mix them, granulate, spray the activated humic acid evenly on the surface of the particles at a rate of 4-5 kg / min for 9-10 minutes, and dry them under 30-35° C. hot air conditions to a moisture content of 1.5%-2.5%, thereby obtaining an organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] On the basis of Example 5, the microbial activated humic acid is removed from the raw materials, and the step of spraying the activated humic acid is omitted to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] On the basis of Example 5, the microbial activated humic acid was replaced with an equal amount of common activated humic acid (obtained by first subjecting weathered coal to oxidation activation treatment and then alkalization purification, with an organic matter content of ≥90% and humic acid ≥70%) to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0052] The cucumber seeds with white sprouts after the same germination treatment were sown into the seedling tray, and 20 seeds were grouped into 6 groups, and each group was applied with the organic fertilizers in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 according to the normal fertilizer application amount, and the growth of the cucumber seedlings when they grew to two leaves and one heart was recorded. The recorded data are shown in the following table:

[0053]

[0054] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the growth of the cucumber seedlings applied with the organic fertilizer of Example 5 is significantly better than that of the cucumber seedlings applied with the organic fertilizer of Comparative Examples 1-2. This shows that the organic fertilizer based on microbial activated humic acid prepared in this embodiment is more suitable for crop growth and has excellent market development prospects.

[0055] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0056] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A microbial activated humic acid, characterized in that: The activated humic acid is prepared by the following method: (1) crushing the humic acid-rich coal raw material, passing it through a 40-mesh sieve, and then adding water, ammonium bicarbonate powder, and ammonium oxalate powder in sequence according to the mass ratio of raw material particles: water: ammonium bicarbonate: ammonium oxalate = 20:5-7:2-4:2-3, mixing evenly, adding ammonium bicarbonate powder, mixing evenly, and finally adding ammonium oxalate powder, mixing evenly, and placing it in a sealed container for 48-72 hours, and stirring to obtain material A; (2) Prepare halophilic alkali bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum to a total concentration of 4 to 8 × 10 8 The composite bacterial liquid with a content of 1.5 cfu / mL is mixed with material a at an inoculation rate of 3-5%, and then aerobically fermented for 12-24 hours under stirring conditions, and then anaerobic fermented for 24-48 hours to obtain the product.

2. The microbial activated humic acid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humic acid-rich coal raw material in step (1) is weathered coal or lignite raw material, and the humic acid content is 20-50%.

3. The microbial activated humic acid according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the concentration ratio of the halophilic alkali bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium purpurogenum is 1:3:2:

2.

4. The microbial activated humic acid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) are 32-35° C., an initial ventilation ratio of 1:0.5, an initial rotation speed of 180 r / min, and the ventilation ratio is adjusted during the fermentation process to keep the relative value of dissolved oxygen at 20%-40%.

5. The microbial activated humic acid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions of the anaerobic fermentation in step (2) are: 32-35° C., stirring at a speed of 180 r / min for 1 min every 4 hours.

6. Use of microbially activated humic acid according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of organic fertilizer.

7. An organic fertilizer of humic acid activated by microorganisms, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of dry poultry and livestock manure, 20-30 parts of corn stalks, 6-12 parts of microbial activated humic acid, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of potassium sulfate and 3-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

8. The organic fertilizer of a microbial activated humic acid according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method is prepared by the following method: weighing the raw materials in proportion, grinding the dry feces of livestock and poultry, corn stalks and urea into 80 meshes respectively, mixing them evenly, then adding calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, mixing them evenly, granulating, spraying the activated humic acid evenly on the surface of the particles, continuing granulation, and drying to obtain the organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid.

9. The organic fertilizer of a microbial activated humic acid according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spraying rate is 4-5 kg / min, and the coating time is 9-10 min.

10. The organic fertilizer of microbial activated humic acid according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drying is carried out under hot air conditions of 30-35° C. to a moisture content of 1.5%-2.5%.

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