Long-distance temporary supporting device for fully-mechanized excavation roadway

Abstract

The invention discloses a long-distance temporary supporting device for a fully-mechanized excavation roadway. The long-distance temporary supporting device comprises a plurality of gate-type supports arranged side by side. Migration mechanisms are arranged among the door-type supports, so that the door-type supports in the odd-numbered rows and the door-type supports in the even-numbered rows alternately move; a forepoling bar mechanism is arranged at the top end of the gate-type support located at the foremost end and used for supporting a roadway roof; a roadway clearing mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the gate-type support located at the foremost end and used for trimming the ground in the advancing direction of the gate-type supports; side supporting mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the top end of the gate-type support located on the rear portion and used for supporting the side wall of the top of the roadway. The trimming structure and the supporting structure are orderly combined, so that the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway is effectively maintained, the trimming structure and the roadheader can work in parallel, the continuous operation of the roadheader is realized, and the tunneling efficiency of coal mining operation is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel support, and in particular to a long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel. Background Art

[0002] In the current coal industry, coal mine tunnels often use a method of using a fully-mechanized excavator equipped with an onboard temporary support device for excavation operations. However, this operation method generally has an imbalance between excavation and support, which seriously restricts the efficient and green development of fully-mechanized excavation tunnels in coal mines. According to statistical data, during the construction of fully-mechanized excavation tunnels, the time spent on excavation accounts for about 20% of the cycle operation time, the time spent on permanent support accounts for about 40% of the cycle operation time, and the time spent on temporary support accounts for about 10% of the cycle operation time; in order to increase the mining rate of coal mines, it is particularly important to develop a set of new long-distance temporary support devices with reasonable supporting facilities, strong environmental adaptability, and the ability to achieve timely pressure support. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a long-distance temporary support device for a fully-mechanized tunnel, aiming to increase the excavation speed of the fully-mechanized tunnel in a coal mine, realize parallel excavation and support operations, and at the same time improve the safety level of the fully-mechanized tunnel in a coal mine.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: A long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel comprises a plurality of gantry supports arranged side by side; a transport mechanism is arranged between the plurality of gantry supports to enable the gantry supports in odd-numbered rows and the gantry supports in even-numbered rows to move alternately; a front exploration beam mechanism is arranged at the top of the gantry support located at the front end to support the tunnel roof; a tunnel clearing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the gantry support located at the front end to trim the ground in the advancing direction of the gantry support; side support mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the top of the gantry support located at the rear to support the side walls of the tunnel top.

[0005] Furthermore, the gantry support includes a left column, a right column, and a steel frame beam, the left column and the right column are symmetrically arranged, and the steel frame beam is straddled on the top of the left column and the right column; the left column and the right column each include a guide rail base, an upper hydraulic cylinder, and a lower hydraulic cylinder, the top of the guide rail base is fixedly connected to the bottom of one end of the steel frame beam via the upper hydraulic cylinder, and the bottom of the guide rail base is connected to the column base via the lower hydraulic cylinder; the guide rail base is connected to the transport mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, a buffer beam is fixedly connected to the top end of the steel frame beam to buffer the collision force generated during the supporting process.

[0007] Furthermore, there are four portal brackets, which are, from front to back, a first portal bracket, a second portal bracket, a third portal bracket, and a fourth portal bracket.

[0008] Furthermore, the transport mechanism has two groups and the two groups of transport mechanisms are respectively arranged corresponding to the left column and the right column of the first gantry bracket, the second gantry bracket, the third gantry bracket, and the fourth gantry bracket; the transport mechanism includes a first odd-array guide rail, a first even-array guide rail, a second odd-array guide rail, a second even-array guide rail, and a push cylinder; the guide rail base is sequentially provided with a first odd-array mounting hole, a first even-array mounting hole, a push cylinder mounting hole, a second odd-array mounting hole, and a second even-array mounting hole that transversely penetrate the guide rail base from top to bottom; the first odd-array guide rail, the first even-array guide rail, the second odd-array guide rail, and the second even-array guide rail are respectively inserted into the first gantry bracket, the second gantry bracket, the third gantry bracket, and the fourth gantry bracket. In the first odd-group mounting holes, the first even-group mounting holes, the second odd-group mounting holes, and the second even-group mounting holes of the guide rail base, the first odd-group guide rails and the second odd-group guide rails are fixedly connected to the guide rail bases in the first gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket, and are slidably connected to the guide rail bases in the second gantry bracket and the fourth gantry bracket; the first even-group guide rails and the second even-group guide rails are fixedly connected to the guide rail bases in the second gantry bracket and the fourth gantry bracket, and are slidably connected to the guide rail bases in the first gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket; the push cylinder is connected to the push cylinder mounting hole, so as to realize the alternating movement of the first gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket and the second gantry bracket and the fourth gantry bracket through the contraction and extension of the push cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the push cylinder includes a push cylinder piston rod, a push cylinder body, and a push support rod; one end of the push cylinder piston rod is connected to the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the first gantry bracket via a universal joint, the other end of the push cylinder piston rod is sleeved on the inner side of one end of the push cylinder body, the other end of the push cylinder body passes through the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the second gantry bracket and is fixedly connected to one end of the push support rod, the other end of the push support rod passes through the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the third gantry bracket and is fixedly connected to the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the fourth gantry bracket.

[0010] Furthermore, the front probe beam mechanism includes a plurality of front probe beams, two mounting plates symmetrically fixed at both ends of the length direction of the steel frame crossbeam in the first gantry bracket, a second front probe beam fixing rod is connected between the two mounting plates, front probe beam hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the two mounting plates, the bottom ends of the two front probe beam hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the two mounting plate pins, and the top ends of the two front probe beam hydraulic cylinders are connected through the first front probe beam fixing rod; the plurality of front probe beams are arranged side by side along the length direction of the steel frame crossbeam, the rear end of the front probe beam is connected to the pin of the second front probe beam fixing rod, and the bottom end of the middle part of the front probe beam is connected to the pin of the first front probe beam fixing rod.

[0011] Furthermore, an anchor net fixing rod is rotatably connected between the two mounting plates, one end of the anchor net fixing rod passes through one of the mounting plates and is transmission connected to a hydraulic motor fixed on the outer wall of the mounting plate, an anchor net roll is wrapped around the outside of the anchor net fixing rod, one end of the anchor net roll passes through the gap between the rear end of the front exploration beam and the steel frame crossbeam in the first gantry bracket, so as to realize the fixed protection of the top plate by the anchor net.

[0012] Furthermore, the tunnel clearing mechanism includes a forward hydraulic cylinder, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, and a milling head; the length direction of the forward hydraulic cylinder is consistent with the arrangement direction of a plurality of gantry supports, the lifting hydraulic cylinder is longitudinally arranged, the rear end of the forward hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the front end side wall of the guide rail base in the first gantry support, the front end of the forward hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder, and the bottom end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the milling head with a 360° all-round rotation function; a diagonal brace is fixedly connected between the middle part of the forward hydraulic cylinder and the guide rail base in the first gantry support to improve the stability of the installation structure of the forward hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the side support mechanism has six groups, and the six groups of side support mechanisms are respectively arranged at the two ends of the length direction of the steel frame beam in the second gantry, the third gantry and the fourth gantry; the side support mechanism includes two side support hydraulic cylinders, two oblique support hydraulic cylinders and a side support plate; the length direction of the two side support hydraulic cylinders is consistent with the length direction of the steel frame beam, the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are arranged in an inclined state, the two side support hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged on both sides of the width direction of one end of the steel frame beam and one end of the two side support hydraulic cylinders is fixedly connected to the steel frame beam, and the other end of the two side support hydraulic cylinders is connected to the bottom pin shaft of one end of the side support plate; the top ends of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged on both sides of the width direction of one end of the steel frame beam and the top ends of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are connected to the bottom pin shaft of the steel frame beam, and the bottom ends of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are connected to the middle bottom pin shaft of the side support plate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects: 1. Regarding the crossbeam: the top beam of the present invention adopts the structure of a steel frame crossbeam combined with a buffer crossbeam, which increases the contact area between the crossbeam and the top plate, greatly reduces the deformation pressure of the top plate, and can effectively prevent the deformation of the top plate; when the portal bracket is moved, the present invention can still continue to effectively support the top plate through the remaining portal brackets, thereby preventing the deformation and collapse of the top plate during the shifting process; the present invention has strong adaptability to the uneven top plate, and through the relatively weak nature of the buffer crossbeam, the buffer crossbeam can maintain a large range of deformation and better transmit the top plate pressure.

[0015] 2. Regarding the track: the present invention adopts multiple tracks for bearing in the vertical direction, which greatly prevents the track from deforming due to uneven force, and ensures the smoothness and stability of the frame moving process.

[0016] 3. Regarding the structure of the push cylinder: the present invention connects the gantry bracket with the piston rod of the push cylinder through a universal joint. During the pushing process, a slight deviation of the push cylinder will not affect its pushing effect, which greatly ensures the adaptability of the push cylinder.

[0017] 4. Regarding the tunnel cleaning structure: the present invention can clean the rounded corners at the junction of the tunnel wall and the tunnel floor through the tunnel cleaning mechanism, so that the floor of the front route of the gantry support is smoother, which enhances the applicability of the present invention in coal mine excavation tunnels and ensures the stability of the gantry support after landing.

[0018] 5. The present invention not only improves the excavation efficiency but also effectively maintains the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock through the orderly combination of the finishing structure and the supporting structure; moreover, after the tunnel boring machine completes a tunneling task, the present invention can timely support the newly exposed tunnel roof, greatly reducing the elastic-plastic deformation of the roof; at the same time, it can operate in parallel with the tunnel boring machine to realize the continuous operation of the tunnel boring machine, effectively improving the excavation efficiency of the coal mining operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a left side view of the present invention; Figure 2 is a rear view of the portal bracket of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a left side view of the transport mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 is a side view of the side support mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a rear view of the front exploration beam mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 is a side view of the laneway clearing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the first step of the rack shifting of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the second step of the rack shifting of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is the rack moving step 3 of the present invention; Fig.10 This is the rack moving step 4 of the present invention; Fig.11 This is the rack moving step 5 of the present invention; Fig.12 This is the rack moving step six of the present invention; Fig.13 This is the rack moving step seven of the present invention; Fig.14 This is the rack moving step eight of the present invention; Description of the drawings: front exploration beam mechanism 1, tunnel clearing mechanism 2, side support mechanism 3, transport mechanism 4, first gantry support 5, second gantry support 6, third gantry support 7, fourth gantry support 8, steel frame crossbeam 9, buffer crossbeam 10, hydraulic cylinder on column 11, guide rail base 12, hydraulic cylinder under column 13, hydraulic cylinder piston rod on column 14, hydraulic cylinder body on column 15, first odd-numbered mounting holes 16, first even-numbered mounting holes 17, push cylinder mounting holes 18, second odd-numbered mounting holes 19, second even-numbered mounting holes 20, hydraulic cylinder body under column 21, hydraulic cylinder piston rod under column 22, column base 23, first odd-numbered guide rails 24, first even-numbered guide rails 25, second odd-numbered guide rails A group of guide rails 26, a second even group of guide rails 27, a guide rail connecting interface 28, a universal joint 29, a push cylinder piston rod 30, a push cylinder body 31, a push cylinder connecting interface 32, a push support rod 33, a side support hydraulic cylinder 34, a first pin 35, a side support plate 36, an oblique support hydraulic cylinder 37, an oblique support base 38, a second pin 39, a third pin 40, a mounting plate 41, a hydraulic motor 42, a front probe beam hydraulic cylinder 43, an anchor net fixing rod bearing 44, a front probe beam 45, a first front probe beam fixing rod 46, an anchor net fixing rod 47, an anchor net roll 48, a second front probe beam fixing rod 49, a forward extension hydraulic cylinder 50, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 51, a milling head 52, a first oblique support rod 53, and a first oblique support rod 54. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a long-distance temporary support device for a comprehensive excavation tunnel, including a front exploration beam mechanism 1, a tunnel clearing mechanism 2, a side support mechanism 3, a transport mechanism 4, a first gantry support 5, a second gantry support 6, a third gantry support 7, and a fourth gantry support 8, which are connected in sequence from top to bottom and from front to back; the front exploration beam mechanism 1 is used to support the tunnel roof at the cantilever position of the comprehensive excavation machine, the tunnel clearing mechanism 2 is used to trim the ground in the forward direction of the support column, so that the support can support the roof more stably, the side support mechanism 3 is used to support the upper stress concentration area of ​​the left and right side walls of the tunnel to prevent the tunnel wall from bulging, and the transport mechanism 4 is used for the alternating advancement of the first gantry support 5, the second gantry support 6, the third gantry support 7 and the fourth gantry support 8.

[0023] Among the four gantry brackets, the first and third gantry brackets are odd-numbered groups, and the second and fourth gantry brackets are even-numbered groups; like Figure 2 As shown, the first gantry bracket 5, the second gantry bracket 6, the third gantry bracket 7 and the fourth gantry bracket 8 have the same structure, including a left column, a right column and a beam supported on the top of the column; the beam includes a buffer beam 10 and a steel frame beam 9 from top to bottom, and the buffer beam 10 and the steel frame beam 9 are fixed in an embedded manner, wherein a column seat is provided at the bottom of the steel frame beam and a groove is provided at the top, and the lower part of the buffer beam can be embedded in the upper groove of the steel frame beam, and the buffer beam is made of a material with weaker rigidity; the column of the gantry bracket is connected to the column seat of the steel frame beam; the left and right columns include a hydraulic cylinder 11 on the column, a guide rail base 12, and a vertical The hydraulic cylinder 13 under the column and the column base 23, the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder body 15 on the column is connected to the upper end of the guide rail base 12 by bolts, the piston rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder on the column faces the direction of the tunnel roof, and the top of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod 14 on the column is fixed to the steel frame crossbeam 9 by bolts; the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder body 21 under the column is connected to the lower end of the guide rail base 12 by bolts, the piston rod 22 of the hydraulic cylinder under the column faces the direction of the tunnel floor, and the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod 22 under the column is connected to the column base 23 by a ball joint; a circular hinged interface is provided in the middle of the column base 23, and the overall structure of the column base 23 is ship-shaped, that is, the two sides of the bottom surface are arc surfaces, and the bottom surface is a plane.

[0024] The guide rail base 12 is provided with four guide rail mounting holes and one push cylinder mounting hole, wherein the four guide rail mounting holes are divided into two odd-group mounting holes and two even-group mounting holes, and the five mounting holes are, from top to bottom, a first odd-group mounting hole 16, a first even-group mounting hole 17, a push cylinder mounting hole 18, a second odd-group mounting hole 19 and a second even-group mounting hole 20.

[0025] like Figure 3 As shown, the transport mechanism 4 is provided with two groups on the left and right, each group has four guide rail structures and a push cylinder structure, wherein the four guide rails correspond to the four guide rail mounting holes provided in the guide rail base, and the push cylinder corresponds to the cylinder mounting hole provided in the guide rail base; Each group of transport mechanisms 4 includes a first odd-numbered guide rail 24, a first even-numbered guide rail 25, a second odd-numbered guide rail 26, a second even-numbered guide rail 27, a guide rail connection interface 28, a universal joint 29, a push cylinder piston rod 30, a push cylinder body 31, a push cylinder connection interface 32 and a push support rod 33; each group of guide rails is composed of three sections of guide rails, and each section of the guide rails is connected by gaskets and bolts, wherein the odd-numbered guide rail connection interface 28 is located at the rear adjacent to the second gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket, and the even-numbered guide rail connection interface 28 is located at the front adjacent to the second gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket; The front end of the universal joint 29 is connected to the push cylinder mounting hole 18 of the column in the first gantry bracket, and the rear end of the universal joint 29 is connected to the front end of the push cylinder piston rod 30; the push cylinder cylinder body 31 passes through the push cylinder mounting hole 18 of the second gantry bracket and is connected to the front end of the push support rod 33, and the push support rod passes through the push cylinder mounting hole 18 of the third gantry bracket and is connected to the push cylinder mounting hole 18 of the fourth gantry bracket; the push cylinder connection interface 32 is located between the second gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket; The first odd-group guide rail 24, the first even-group guide rail 25, the second odd-group guide rail 26, and the second even-group guide rail 27 are inserted into the first odd-group mounting holes 16, the first even-group mounting holes 17, the second odd-group mounting holes 19, and the second even-group mounting holes 20 of the first gantry bracket 5, the second gantry bracket 6, the third gantry bracket 7, and the fourth gantry bracket 8; the first odd-group guide rail 24 and the second odd-group guide rail 26 are fixed to the first gantry bracket 5 and the third gantry bracket 7, and the fixing points are located at the first odd-group mounting holes 16 and The front ends of the two odd-array guide rails are aligned with the front sides of the first odd-array guide rails 16 and the second odd-array guide rails 19 on the first gantry bracket center column. The first even-array guide rails 25 and the second even-array guide rails 27 are fixed to the second gantry bracket 6 and the fourth gantry bracket 8, and the fixing points are located in the first even-array guide rails 17 and the second even-array guide rails 20. The rear ends of the two even-array guide rails are aligned with the rear sides of the first even-array guide holes 17 and the second even-array guide holes 20 on the fourth gantry bracket center column. like Figure 4 As shown, the side support mechanism 3 has six groups, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the steel frame beam of the second gantry support 6, the third gantry support 7, and the fourth gantry support 8; each group of the side support mechanism 3 includes two side support hydraulic cylinders 34, two oblique support hydraulic cylinders 37 and side support plates 36, wherein one end of the two side support hydraulic cylinders 34 is connected to both sides of the left and right ends of the steel frame beam 9 by bolts, the front end of the cylinder body of the side support hydraulic cylinder 34 does not exceed the left and right ends of the steel frame beam 9, and the other ends of the two side support hydraulic cylinders 34 are connected by the second pin shaft 39 The bottom pin of one end of the side support plate 36 is connected; one end of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders 37 is connected to the oblique support base 38 at the bottom of the column seat of the steel frame cross beam 9 in an articulated manner through the third pin 40, and the oblique support base 38 is close to the inner edge of the column seat of the steel frame cross beam 9. The other ends of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders 37 are connected to the middle bottom pin of the side support plate 36 through the first pin 35; the side support plate 36 supports the side wall of the top of the tunnel through the extension action of the side support hydraulic cylinder 34 and the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders 37; like Figure 5As shown, the front exploration beam mechanism 1 is fixed on the steel frame beam of the first gantry support, and the front exploration beam mechanism mainly includes a mesh laying structure and a front exploration beam supporting structure fixed to the left and right mounting plates 41, wherein the two mounting plates 41 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the steel frame beam of the first gantry support, and the mesh laying structure mainly includes an anchor net roll 48, an anchor net fixing rod 47, a hydraulic motor 42 and an anchor net fixing rod bearing 44, wherein the hydraulic motor 42 is connected to the outer side of the left mounting plate 41 by bolts, and the anchor net fixing rod bearing 44 is embedded in the mounting holes reserved in the middle of the mounting plates 41 on both sides, and the anchor net fixing rod 47 passes through the left bearing and is connected to the rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor 42 through a coupling, and the axis of the anchor net fixing rod bearing 44 coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor 42, the coupling, and the anchor net fixing rod 47 in a straight line, and the coupling connects the anchor net fixing rod 47 and the rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor 42 by bolts, and the anchor net roll 48 is wrapped on the anchor net fixing rod 47; The front exploration beam support structure mainly includes a first front exploration beam fixing rod 46, a second front exploration beam fixing rod 49, a front exploration beam 45, and a front exploration beam hydraulic cylinder 43; the left and right ends of the first front exploration beam fixing rod 46 are fixed to the upper mounting holes of the mounting plates 41 on both sides, and the two ends of the second front exploration beam fixing rod 49 are hinged to the piston rod ends of the front exploration beam hydraulic cylinders 43 on both sides, and the cylinder body bottoms of the front exploration beam hydraulic cylinders 43 on both sides are hinged to the lower mounting holes of the mounting plates 41 on both sides; a plurality of front exploration beams 45 are arranged side by side from left to right on the first front exploration beam fixing rod 46 and the second front exploration beam fixing rod 49, the first front exploration beam fixing rod 46 passes through the rows of aligned articulated seats below the front exploration beams 45, and the second front exploration beam fixing rod 49 passes through the rows of aligned articulated seats on the rear side of the front exploration beams 45; a gap is reserved between the rear end of the front exploration beam and the steel frame crossbeam for the anchor net to pass through.

[0026] like Figure 6 As shown, the tunnel clearing mechanism 2 has two groups, which are respectively fixed on the left and right columns of the first gantry support; it mainly includes a forward extension hydraulic cylinder 50, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 51, a milling head 52 and two diagonal support rods 53 and 54, wherein the rear end of the cylinder body of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder 50 is connected to the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base 12 of the middle column of the first gantry support, the front end of the cylinder body of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder 50 is connected to the guide rail base 12 through the diagonal support rods 52 and 53, and the top end of the cylinder body of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 51 is connected to the movable hole of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder 50. At the front end of the plug rod, the milling head 52 is connected to the bottom end of the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 51; the forward hydraulic cylinder 50 can drive the milling head 52 to move forward and backward, and the lifting hydraulic cylinder 51 can drive the cutting head 52 to move up and down, and the cutting head 52 itself can rotate 360° in all directions; there is a certain angle between the two oblique support rods 53 and 54, and the two oblique support rods are circular arc surfaces at one end of the forward hydraulic cylinder, which fits the cylinder body of the forward hydraulic cylinder, and the two oblique support rods are rectangular planes at one end of the column, which fits the front side of the column.

[0027] The working steps of the present invention are as follows: (1) The initial state of the long-distance temporary support device of the fully-mechanized tunnel is as follows: Figure 7 As shown; during the tunneling process of the tunneling machine, the tunnel cleaning mechanism 2 also moves synchronously, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 51 extends to make the milling head 52 contact the tunnel floor, the milling head is started to trim the tunnel, and the forward extension hydraulic cylinder 50 slowly extends forward. The milling head 52 rotates the coal gangue to both sides through the spiral blades of the milling head during the process of cutting the rock mass, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown; (2) During the tunneling process of the tunneling machine, the tunnel cleaning mechanism 2 moves forward to trim the tunnel. At the same time, the side support mechanisms 3 on the left and right sides of the second gantry support 6 and the fourth gantry support 8 are retracted. After the side support hydraulic cylinder 34 and the oblique support hydraulic cylinder 37 are retracted into place (such as Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1 ), the upper column hydraulic cylinder 11 and the lower column hydraulic cylinder 13 of the second gantry support 6 and the fourth gantry support 8 are retracted, so that the second gantry support 6 and the fourth gantry support 8 are in a suspended state (as shown in FIG. 1 ). Fig. 9 As shown), avoid collision with the tunnel and the tunneling machine, then the transport mechanism 4 starts to move, the push cylinder contracts and pulls the second gantry support 6 and the fourth gantry support 8 forward by a forward step (as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown), the forward step is set to the distance of one cut of the tunnel boring machine. At this time, the first odd-numbered guide rail 24 and the second odd-numbered guide rail 26 are fixed guide rails, the first even-numbered guide rail 25 and the second even-numbered guide rail 27 are movable guide rails, and after the second gantry support 6 and the fourth gantry support 8 are in place, the hydraulic cylinder 11 on the column and the hydraulic cylinder 13 under the column are extended, and the initial support force of the hydraulic cylinder on the column is adjusted to make the buffer beam 10 fully contact the tunnel roof, increase the supporting area of ​​the tunnel, and effectively support the tunnel roof, and adjust the supporting force of the hydraulic cylinder under the column to make the column base 23 fall steadily on the tunnel floor, and the side support mechanism is extended after the hydraulic cylinder of the column is extended into place, and stops after the supporting pressure of the side support hydraulic cylinder 34 and the oblique support hydraulic cylinder 37 reaches the set value, and the even-numbered gantry support enters the supporting state, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown; (3) After the even-group gantry support completes a forward step, the laneway clearing mechanism 2 completes the trimming of the forward path of the odd-group gantry support, and the laneway clearing mechanism 2 begins to retract toward the gantry support (e.g. Fig.12 As shown), at the same time, the tunnel boring machine also completes one cut of excavation work, and the tunnel boring machine stops excavating. After the staff knocks on the side and asks the top, the tunnel boring machine moves forward one step; (4) As the tunnel boring machine moves forward, the odd-numbered support groups move forward with the front beam mechanism 1 and the tunnel clearing mechanism 2. The side support mechanisms 3 on the left and right sides of the third gantry support 7 are retracted. After the side support hydraulic cylinders 34 and the oblique support hydraulic cylinders 37 are retracted into place (such as Fig.12 As shown in FIG. 1 ), the upper column hydraulic cylinder 11 and the lower column hydraulic cylinder 13 of the first gantry support 5 and the third gantry support 7 are retracted, so that the first gantry support 5 and the third gantry support 7 are in a suspended state (as shown in FIG. 1 ). Fig.13 As shown), avoid collision with the tunnel and the tunneling machine, then the transport mechanism 4 starts to move, the push cylinder extends to push the first gantry support 5 and the third gantry support 7 forward a forward step (as shown Fig.14 As shown), at this time, the first even-array guide rail 25 and the second even-array guide rail 27 are fixed guide rails, the first odd-array guide rail 24 and the second odd-array guide rail 26 are movable guide rails, and after the first gantry support 5 and the third gantry support 7 are in place, the upper hydraulic cylinder 11 of the column and the lower hydraulic cylinder 13 of the column are extended, and the initial support force of the upper hydraulic cylinder of the column is adjusted to make the buffer beam 10 fully contact the tunnel roof, and the support force of the lower hydraulic cylinder of the column is adjusted to make the column base 23 fall smoothly on the tunnel floor, and the side support mechanisms on the left and right sides of the third gantry support 7 are extended after the column hydraulic cylinder is extended into place, and the side support hydraulic cylinders 34 and the oblique support hydraulic cylinders 37 on the left and right sides of the third gantry support 7 stop moving after the support pressure reaches the set value, and the odd-array gantry supports enter the support state (as shown in FIG. Figure 7 shown); (5) After the odd-numbered gantry supports enter the supporting state, the tunnel boring machine moves forward to its position and starts excavation work. During the excavation process of the tunnel boring machine, the next working cycle is entered according to steps (1), (2), (3), and (4).

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Regarding the crossbeam: the top beam of the present invention adopts the structure of a steel frame crossbeam combined with a buffer crossbeam, which increases the contact area between the crossbeam and the top plate, greatly reduces the deformation pressure of the top plate, and can effectively prevent the deformation of the top plate; when the portal bracket is moved, the present invention can still continue to effectively support the top plate through the remaining portal brackets, thereby preventing the deformation and collapse of the top plate during the shifting process; the present invention has strong adaptability to the uneven top plate, and through the relatively weak nature of the buffer crossbeam, the buffer crossbeam can maintain a large range of deformation and better transmit the top plate pressure.

[0029] 2. Regarding the track: the present invention adopts multiple tracks for bearing in the vertical direction, which greatly prevents the track from deforming due to uneven force, and ensures the smoothness and stability of the frame moving process.

[0030] 3. Regarding the structure of the push cylinder: the present invention connects the gantry bracket with the piston rod of the push cylinder through a universal joint. During the pushing process, a slight deviation of the push cylinder will not affect its pushing effect, which greatly ensures the adaptability of the push cylinder.

[0031] 4. Regarding the tunnel cleaning structure: the present invention can clean the rounded corners at the junction of the tunnel wall and the tunnel floor through the tunnel cleaning mechanism, so that the floor of the front route of the gantry support is smoother, which enhances the applicability of the present invention in coal mine excavation tunnels and ensures the stability of the gantry support after landing.

[0032] 5. The present invention not only improves the excavation efficiency but also effectively maintains the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock through the orderly combination of the finishing structure and the supporting structure; moreover, after the tunnel boring machine completes a tunneling task, the present invention can timely support the newly exposed tunnel roof, greatly reducing the elastic-plastic deformation of the roof; at the same time, it can operate in parallel with the tunnel boring machine to realize the continuous operation of the tunnel boring machine, effectively improving the excavation efficiency of the coal mining operation.

Claims

1. A long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises a number of gantry supports arranged side by side; a transport mechanism is arranged between the gantry supports to enable the gantry supports in odd-numbered rows and the gantry supports in even-numbered rows to move alternately; a front exploration beam mechanism is arranged at the top of the gantry support located at the front end to support the tunnel roof; a tunnel clearing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the gantry support located at the front end to trim the ground in the forward direction of the gantry support; side support mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the top of the gantry support located at the rear to support the side walls of the tunnel top.

2. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The gantry support includes a left column, a right column, and a steel frame beam. The left column and the right column are symmetrically arranged, and the steel frame beam is straddled on the top of the left column and the right column; the left column and the right column both include a guide rail base, an upper hydraulic cylinder, and a lower hydraulic cylinder. The top of the guide rail base is fixedly connected to the bottom of one end of the steel frame beam via the upper hydraulic cylinder, and the bottom of the guide rail base is connected to the column base via the lower hydraulic cylinder; the guide rail base is connected to the transport mechanism.

3. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: A buffer beam is fixedly connected to the top of the steel frame beam to buffer the collision force generated during the supporting process.

4. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: There are four gantry brackets, which are respectively a first gantry bracket, a second gantry bracket, a third gantry bracket, and a fourth gantry bracket from front to back.

5. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The transport mechanism has two groups and the two groups of transport mechanisms are respectively arranged corresponding to the left column and the right column of the first gantry bracket, the second gantry bracket, the third gantry bracket, and the fourth gantry bracket; the transport mechanism includes a first odd-group guide rail, a first even-group guide rail, a second odd-group guide rail, a second even-group guide rail, and a push cylinder; the guide rail base is provided with a first odd-group mounting hole, a first even-group mounting hole, a push cylinder mounting hole, a second odd-group mounting hole, and a second even-group mounting hole that transversely penetrate the guide rail base from top to bottom; the first odd-group guide rail, the first even-group guide rail, the second odd-group guide rail, and the second even-group guide rail are respectively inserted into the middle guide rails of the first gantry bracket, the second gantry bracket, the third gantry bracket, and the fourth gantry bracket In the first odd-array mounting holes, the first even-array mounting holes, the second odd-array mounting holes, and the second even-array mounting holes of the base, the first odd-array guide rails and the second odd-array guide rails are fixedly connected to the guide rail bases in the first gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket, and are slidably connected to the guide rail bases in the second gantry bracket and the fourth gantry bracket; the first even-array guide rails and the second even-array guide rails are fixedly connected to the guide rail bases in the second gantry bracket and the fourth gantry bracket, and are slidably connected to the guide rail bases in the first gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket; the push cylinder is connected to the push cylinder mounting hole, so as to realize the alternating movement of the first gantry bracket and the third gantry bracket and the second gantry bracket and the fourth gantry bracket through the contraction and extension of the push cylinder.

6. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The push cylinder includes a push cylinder piston rod, a push cylinder body, and a push support rod; one end of the push cylinder piston rod is connected to the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the first gantry bracket via a universal joint, the other end of the push cylinder piston rod is sleeved on the inner side of one end of the push cylinder body, the other end of the push cylinder body passes through the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the second gantry bracket and is fixedly connected to one end of the push support rod, the other end of the push support rod passes through the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the third gantry bracket and is fixedly connected to the push cylinder mounting hole on the guide rail base of the fourth gantry bracket.

7. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The front probe beam mechanism includes a plurality of front probe beams, two mounting plates symmetrically fixed at both ends of the length direction of the steel frame cross beam in the first gantry bracket, a second front probe beam fixing rod is connected between the two mounting plates, and front probe beam hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the two mounting plates, the bottom ends of the two front probe beam hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the two mounting plate pins, and the top ends of the two front probe beam hydraulic cylinders are connected through the first front probe beam fixing rod; the plurality of front probe beams are arranged side by side along the length direction of the steel frame cross beam, the rear end of the front probe beam is connected to the pin of the second front probe beam fixing rod, and the bottom end of the middle part of the front probe beam is connected to the pin of the first front probe beam fixing rod.

8. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: An anchor net fixing rod is rotatably connected between the two mounting plates, one end of the anchor net fixing rod passes through one of the mounting plates and is transmission connected to a hydraulic motor fixed on the outer wall of the mounting plate, an anchor net roll is wrapped around the outside of the anchor net fixing rod, one end of the anchor net roll passes through the gap between the rear end of the front exploration beam and the steel frame crossbeam in the first gantry bracket, so as to realize the fixed protection of the top plate by the anchor net.

9. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The tunnel clearing mechanism includes a forward extension hydraulic cylinder, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, and a milling head; the length direction of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder is consistent with the arrangement direction of a plurality of gantry supports, the lifting hydraulic cylinder is longitudinally arranged, the rear end of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the front end side wall of the guide rail base in the first gantry support, the front end of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder, and the bottom end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the milling head with a 360° all-round rotation function; an oblique support rod is fixedly connected between the middle part of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder and the guide rail base in the first gantry support to improve the stability of the installation structure of the forward extension hydraulic cylinder.

10. The long-distance temporary support device for a fully mechanized tunnel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The side support mechanism has six groups, and the six groups of side support mechanisms are respectively arranged at the two ends of the length direction of the steel frame beam in the second gantry, the third gantry and the fourth gantry; the side support mechanism includes two side support hydraulic cylinders, two oblique support hydraulic cylinders and a side support plate; the length direction of the two side support hydraulic cylinders is consistent with the length direction of the steel frame beam, the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are arranged in an inclined shape, the two side support hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged on both sides of the width direction of one end of the steel frame beam and one end of the two side support hydraulic cylinders is fixedly connected to the steel frame beam, and the other end of the two side support hydraulic cylinders is connected to the bottom pin shaft of one end of the side support plate; the top ends of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged on both sides of the width direction of one end of the steel frame beam and the top ends of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are connected to the bottom pin shaft of the steel frame beam, and the bottom ends of the two oblique support hydraulic cylinders are connected to the middle bottom pin shaft of the side support plate.

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