Wide-working-condition low-pressure-loss unilateral air inlet SOFC burner

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-side gas inlet SOFC burner with wide working condition and low pressure loss in the field of solid oxide fuel cells. An ignition rod sleeve for arranging an ignition rod is arranged in the middle of the top of a combustion chamber of the single-side gas inlet SOFC burner; the top of the combustion chamber is further provided with an anode tail gas distribution channel and a cathode tail gas distribution channel, and the anode tail gas distribution channel and the cathode tail gas distribution channel are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the ignition rod sleeve in a surrounding mode. And cathode tail gas and anode tail gas are uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber in a ring-surface-shaped gas outlet manner after passing through respective independent distribution channels. The anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas are evenly input into the combustion chamber in an annular mode, the consistent flow density is kept on the annular face, the two kinds of tail gas are fully mixed in the combustion chamber, the ignition rod conducts centered ignition, flame deflection is avoided, local overheating is reduced, the stable combustion state is achieved, and stable combustion within the wide working condition range can be achieved easily; and the pressure loss caused by non-uniform gas distribution is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cells, and in particular to a single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss. Background Art

[0002] In the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, the burner is mainly used to maintain the thermal balance of the SOFC system and meet the temperature control requirements of the system during the operating stages of heating, heat preservation, power generation and cooling. As the core component of the SOFC system, the burner needs to maintain stable and efficient combustion under different operating conditions while maintaining the lowest possible flow path pressure loss to reduce the back pressure of the upstream stack and the power consumption of the system fan.

[0003] In order to meet the requirements of compact layout of SOFC system, the burner generally adopts single-side air intake. Since the gas enters from only one side, the airflow distribution in the combustion chamber is uneven, which easily causes the flame to deviate to one side, resulting in local overtemperature, thus causing overheating of the metal wall. Moreover, the long-term high temperature of the metal wall will accelerate the aging of the material and even cause structural failure, affecting the service life of the burner and the safe operation of the system.

[0004] In addition, the exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack is about 600-800℃, and these high-temperature intake gases will further aggravate the problem of wall overheating. If the high-temperature exhaust gas directly enters the burner and cannot be evenly distributed, hot spots will form in certain areas, causing the wall temperature to rise sharply, causing wall overheating, increasing thermal stress, causing material fatigue and damage, and affecting the reliability and life of the burner.

[0005] The above problems are worth solving. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problem of flame deflection in the existing combustion chamber due to uneven exhaust gas flow distribution, the present invention provides a single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A single-side intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, comprising a combustion chamber and an anode intake pipe and a cathode intake pipe located on the same side, the combustion chamber is also provided with an ignition rod, an ignition rod sleeve is provided at the center of the top of the combustion chamber, the ignition rod is inserted into the ignition rod sleeve and penetrates the combustion chamber; the top of the combustion chamber is also provided with an anode tail gas distribution channel and a cathode tail gas distribution channel, the anode tail gas distribution channel is arranged around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve, and the cathode tail gas distribution channel is arranged around the anode tail gas distribution channel. The outer periphery of the lower end of the gas distribution channel; and the anode tail gas distribution channel and the cathode tail gas distribution channel are both centered on the ignition rod; the anode tail gas distribution channel connects the anode air inlet pipe and the combustion chamber, and the cathode tail gas distribution channel connects the cathode air inlet pipe and the combustion chamber; and the ignition rod sleeve, the anode tail gas distribution chamber, and the cathode tail gas distribution chamber are isolated from each other; after the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas pass through their respective independent tail gas distribution channels, they are uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber in a toroidal gas outlet manner.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the depth of the ignition rod inserted into the combustion chamber can be adjusted along the axial direction of the ignition rod sleeve.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the anode tail gas distribution channel includes a first anode tail gas distribution chamber and a second anode tail gas distribution chamber which are sequentially sleeved on the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve from the outside to the inside, the side wall of the first anode tail gas distribution chamber is connected to the anode air inlet pipe, and the side wall of the second anode tail gas distribution chamber is provided with a first anode air inlet hole for connecting the first anode tail gas distribution chamber and the second anode tail gas distribution chamber; the bottom channel of the second anode tail gas distribution chamber extends downward along the ignition rod sleeve and is connected to the combustion chamber.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an anode exhaust gas nozzle is provided between the bottom channel of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve, and the anode exhaust gas nozzle includes a nozzle sleeve body, and the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle sleeve body is provided with a plurality of inclined swirl blades; the nozzle sleeve body and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve are integrally formed, and the connection between the two constitutes a nozzle end cover plate, and the nozzle end cover plate is evenly provided with a plurality of second anode air inlet holes.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes an outer cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and an inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, the side wall of the outer cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is connected to the cathode air inlet pipe, the top of the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is opened and connected to the top of the outer cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, and the bottom of the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel covers the combustion chamber; the cathode exhaust gas enters the outer cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the cathode air inlet pipe, and flows into the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel from bottom to top and from outside to inside, and then enters the combustion chamber from top to bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, a second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and a third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber which are distributed in a hierarchical manner from bottom to top, and a first orifice plate is provided between the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and the first orifice plate is provided with a plurality of first cathode air inlet holes; a second orifice plate is provided between the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and the second orifice plate is provided with a plurality of second cathode air inlet holes, and a through hole connecting the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is provided in the middle of the second orifice plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the first cathode air inlet holes include outer cathode air inlet holes and inner cathode air inlet holes, the outer cathode air inlet holes are distributed in a circular array on the outer periphery of the first orifice plate, and the inner cathode air inlet holes are distributed in an arc shape on one side of the first orifice plate close to the cathode air inlet pipe; the second cathode air inlet holes are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the second orifice plate.

[0015] Furthermore, an annular spoiler is centrally provided on the top wall of the third cathode tail gas distribution chamber, and the annular spoiler is used to guide and disperse the cathode tail gas so that the cathode tail gas flows evenly toward the inner peripheral cathode tail gas distribution channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and a fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber which are distributed in layers from top to bottom, a third orifice plate is provided between the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, the third orifice plate is provided with several circles of third cathode air inlet holes, and an annular guide plate is provided between two adjacent circles of the third cathode air inlet holes, the annular guide plate is used to disperse the cathode exhaust gas and guide the airflow direction.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the combustion chamber is in a truncated cone shape, comprising a top connecting plate, a middle inclined chamber wall and a bottom connecting plate, the top connecting plate has a middle opening and is connected to the anode exhaust gas distribution channel, and the bottom connecting plate is connected to the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel; a plurality of fourth cathode air inlet holes are provided on the top connecting plate on the outside of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel, a plurality of fifth cathode air inlet holes are provided on the middle inclined chamber wall, and a plurality of sixth cathode air inlet holes are provided on the bottom connecting plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the apertures of the plurality of fifth cathode air inlet holes on the middle inclined chamber wall gradually increase from top to bottom.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the bottom side wall of the combustion chamber is formed by extending the side wall of the cathode tail gas distribution channel downward, and a flame detector is provided on the bottom outer side wall of the combustion chamber.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the bottom of the combustion chamber is connected to the smoke outlet pipe through a conical sleeve.

[0021] Furthermore, a flame baffle is provided at the front end of the smoke outlet pipe, the middle of the flame baffle is connected to the cooling air inlet pipe, and a plurality of partition strips are evenly provided around the flame baffle, so that the flame baffle is radial.

[0022] Furthermore, at least one temperature sensor is provided below the flame baffle of the smoke outlet pipe.

[0023] The present invention according to the above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The anode tail gas and cathode tail gas of the present invention respectively pass through their own independent tail gas distribution channels and finally enter the combustion chamber in an annular manner. The two tail gases do not enter in the form of a concentrated fluid, but are spread along an annular path and maintain a consistent flow density on the annular surface. The flow rate and concentration are uniform on the inlet cross section of the combustion chamber, which promotes the full mixing of the two tail gases in the combustion chamber.

[0025] The anode exhaust gas is in the central area of ​​the combustion chamber, and the cathode exhaust gas surrounds the outside of the anode exhaust gas, meeting the exhaust gas matching and requirements for full combustion, and the ignition rod ignites in the center to avoid flame deviation and reduce local overheating or incomplete combustion, thereby achieving a more stable combustion state, helping to achieve stable combustion within a wide range of operating conditions and reducing pressure loss caused by uneven gas distribution.

[0026] 2. The anode exhaust gas is divided into two paths at the anode exhaust gas nozzle: one path of the anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber in a jet manner when flowing through the second anode air inlet hole, and the other path of the anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber in a rotating manner when flowing through the swirl blades. This combined air intake method can generate a reflux vortex in the combustion chamber; on the one hand, the reflux vortex strengthens the mixing of the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas in the combustion chamber, and effectively improves the anode exhaust gas combustion efficiency of the SOFC system in each operating stage; on the other hand, the reflux vortex can effectively maintain the continuous and stable combustion of the flame by sucking the high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber.

[0027] 3. The cathode exhaust gas with single-side intake first passes through the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and then through the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. A reasonable gas flow path helps to evenly disperse the cathode exhaust gas during the flow process; the multi-level distribution chamber structure design of the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel can achieve several short stays of the cathode exhaust gas in the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, further dispersing the cathode exhaust gas during the flow process, ensuring that the cathode exhaust gas enters the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel more evenly; reducing the pressure loss during gas flow, and ensuring uniform distribution when entering the combustion chamber, so as to mix well with the anode exhaust gas and improve combustion efficiency.

[0028] 4. The cathode exhaust gas is divided into three paths in the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber: the first path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber through the fourth cathode air inlet hole, and this part of the cathode exhaust gas can blow the high-temperature flue gas sucked by the reflux vortex away from the top connecting plate to avoid overheating of the top connecting plate wall; the second path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber through the fifth cathode air inlet hole, a part of the cathode exhaust gas enters the flame area to participate in the combustion organization to improve the combustion efficiency of the anode exhaust gas, and the other part can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flame and the combustion chamber wall, which can effectively prevent flame deflection and reduce the heat transfer of high-temperature flue gas to the combustion chamber wall; the third path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber through the sixth cathode air inlet hole, and can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flue gas and the bottom of the combustion chamber, the conical sleeve and the flue gas outlet pipe to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from burning the metal wall and causing structural failure.

[0029] 5. The ignition rod is arranged in the center and connected to the burner shell through threads to facilitate the adjustment of the ignition point. Users can quickly adjust the insertion depth of the ignition rod according to different combustion requirements to optimize the ignition effect, simplify maintenance work, facilitate replacement of the ignition rod when necessary, and improve the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the equipment;

[0030] 6. The flame baffle is installed at the flue gas outlet pipe, which can prevent the combustion flame from being too long and thus causing damage or impact on the rear-end heat exchanger components. At the same time, it can also strengthen the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cathode tail gas, thereby reducing the annular temperature difference of the flue gas profile and enhancing the heat exchange efficiency of the rear-end heat exchange components.

[0031] 7. A cooling air inlet pipe is provided at the center of the flame baffle. The flue gas temperature at the burner outlet can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the cooling air volume without affecting the flame combustion organization at the front end. At the same time, the flame baffle turbulence is used to enhance the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cooling air, which can effectively suppress the influence of uneven flue gas temperature on the performance of the rear heat exchange components.

[0032] 8. An annular spoiler is provided in the center of the top wall of the third cathode tail gas distribution chamber. The annular spoiler guides the airflow to make it smoother, which helps to reduce the turbulence generated when the gas enters the fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber, thereby reducing pressure loss and improving combustion efficiency.

[0033] 9. A conical sleeve connection is set between the bottom of the combustion chamber and the smoke outlet pipe, which can not only shrink and concentrate the flame shape and improve the wall cooling effect, but also reduce the impact of rear-end pressure fluctuations on flame combustion stability.

[0034] 10. By adjusting the position, number and size of the openings in the combustion chamber wall, the top connecting plate and the bottom connecting plate, the proportion of cathode exhaust gas participating in flame combustion and wall cooling can be adjusted to adapt to the operating parameters of different types of SOFC stacks. This can fully meet the requirements of stable combustion at a large air-fuel ratio of the SOFC system and has integrated design characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic top view of the first orifice plate in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ignition rod sleeve and the anode tail gas nozzle part of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the ignition rod sleeve and the anode tail gas nozzle;

[0040] Figure 6 is the velocity distribution cloud diagram of the flow field of the third orifice plate;

[0041] Figure 7 This is the velocity distribution cloud diagram of the flow field at the anode tail gas nozzle.

[0042] In the figure,

[0043] 100. Burner body;

[0044] 1. Combustion chamber;

[0045] 11. Top connecting plate; 110. Fourth cathode air inlet hole;

[0046] 12. Middle inclined chamber wall; 120. Fifth cathode air inlet hole;

[0047] 13. Bottom connecting plate; 130. Sixth cathode air inlet hole;

[0048] 14. Flame detector;

[0049] 2. Anode air inlet pipe; 3. Cathode air inlet pipe;

[0050] 4. Ignition rod sleeve; 41. Ignition rod;

[0051] 5. Anode tail gas distribution channel;

[0052] 51. First anode tail gas distribution chamber;

[0053] 52. Second anode tail gas distribution chamber; 521. First anode air inlet hole;

[0054] 6. Cathode tail gas distribution channel;

[0055] 61. First cathode tail gas distribution chamber; 62. Second cathode tail gas distribution chamber; 63. Third cathode tail gas distribution chamber;

[0056] 630, annular spoiler; 64, fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber; 65, fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber;

[0057] 66, first orifice plate; 660, first cathode air inlet hole; 6601, outer cathode air inlet hole; 6602, inner cathode air inlet hole;

[0058] 67. second orifice plate; 670. second cathode air inlet hole;

[0059] 68, third orifice plate; 680, third cathode air inlet hole; 681, annular guide plate;

[0060] 7. Anode tail gas nozzle; 71. Nozzle sleeve body; 72. Swirl blade; 73. Nozzle end cover plate; 731. Second anode air inlet hole;

[0061] 8. Smoke outlet pipe; 81. Flame baffle; 82. Cooling air inlet pipe;

[0062] 9. Temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to better understand the purpose, technical scheme and technical effect of the present invention, the present invention is further explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. At the same time, it is stated that the embodiments described below are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0064] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may also be a central element, and when an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time.

[0065] The indicated orientation or position relationship is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when used, or the orientation or position relationship commonly understood by technical personnel in this field, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when used. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0066] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth" and "sixth" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. "Several" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

[0067] Embodiment 1

[0068] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss includes a burner body 100, and an ignition rod 41 and a flue gas outlet pipe 8 are provided at opposite ends of the burner body 100. The burner body 100 is composed of a plurality of inner and outer sleeve nested structures, and a combustion chamber 1 is provided in the center of the burner body 100. An anode air intake pipe 2 and a cathode air intake pipe 3 are provided on the same side of the burner body 100, which are used to introduce anode tail gas and cathode tail gas respectively. The ignition rod 41 is arranged at the center position of the top of the combustion chamber 1 through an ignition rod sleeve 4, and one end of the ignition rod 41 is exposed from the top of the burner body 100, and directly penetrates the burner body 100 so that the other end penetrates the combustion chamber 1.

[0069] The top of the combustion chamber 1 is also provided with an anode tail gas distribution channel 5 and a cathode tail gas distribution channel 6. The anode tail gas distribution channel 5 is arranged around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve 4, and the cathode tail gas distribution channel 6 is arranged around the outer periphery of the lower end of the anode tail gas distribution channel 5; and the anode tail gas distribution channel 5 and the cathode tail gas distribution channel 6 are both centered on the ignition rod 41; and the ignition rod sleeve 4, the anode tail gas distribution chamber, and the cathode tail gas distribution chamber are isolated from each other. The anode tail gas distribution channel 5 is connected to the anode air intake pipe 2 and the combustion chamber 1, and the cathode tail gas distribution channel 6 is connected to the cathode air intake pipe 3 and the combustion chamber 1.

[0070] It can be seen that after the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas pass through their respective independent exhaust gas distribution channels, they are both uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber 1 in a toroidal exhaust manner. The anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5, while the cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the outer cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6. Since the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 are both arranged with the ignition rod 41 as the center, it is possible to ensure that the two exhaust gases form a uniform toroidal distribution when entering the combustion chamber 1, thereby promoting sufficient mixing and combustion of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 1. The ignition rod 41 is used to ignite the center to avoid flame deviation, reduce local overheating or incomplete combustion, thereby achieving a more stable combustion state, helping to achieve stable combustion within a wide range of operating conditions, and reduce pressure losses caused by uneven gas distribution.

[0071] In other optional embodiments, the depth of the ignition rod 41 inserted into the combustion chamber 1 can be adjusted along the axial direction of the ignition rod sleeve 4. Specifically, it is connected to the burner housing through a thread to facilitate adjustment of the ignition point, which is convenient for later disassembly and replacement and maintenance. The user can quickly adjust the insertion depth of the ignition rod 41 according to different combustion requirements to optimize the ignition effect, simplify maintenance work, facilitate replacement of the ignition rod 41 when necessary, and improve the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the equipment.

[0072] In this embodiment, the anode tail gas distribution channel 5 includes a first anode tail gas distribution chamber 51 and a second anode tail gas distribution chamber 52 which are sequentially sleeved on the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve 4 from the outside to the inside, the side wall of the first anode tail gas distribution chamber 51 is connected to the anode air inlet pipe 2, and the side wall of the second anode tail gas distribution chamber 52 is provided with a first anode air inlet hole 521, and the first anode air inlet hole 521 connects the first anode tail gas distribution chamber 51 and the second anode tail gas distribution chamber 52; the bottom channel of the second anode tail gas distribution chamber 52 extends downward along the ignition rod sleeve 4 and is connected to the combustion chamber 1. Through this structure, the anode tail gas first enters the first anode tail gas distribution chamber 51 through the anode air inlet pipe 2, then enters the second anode tail gas distribution chamber 52 through the first anode air inlet hole 521, and finally enters the combustion chamber 1 through the bottom channel of the second anode tail gas distribution chamber 52.

[0073] An anode tail gas nozzle 7 is provided between the bottom channel of the anode tail gas distribution channel 5 and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve 4. The anode tail gas nozzle 7 includes a nozzle sleeve body 71. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle sleeve body 71 is provided with a plurality of inclined swirl blades 72. The nozzle sleeve body 71 and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve 4 are integrally formed, and the connection between the two constitutes a nozzle end cover plate 73. The nozzle end cover plate 73 is evenly provided with a plurality of second anode gas inlet holes 731. Through this structure, the anode tail gas is divided into two paths at the anode tail gas nozzle 7: one path flows through the second anode gas inlet hole 731 to enter the combustion chamber 1, and the other path flows through the swirl blades 72 and then enters the combustion chamber 1; thereby realizing that one path of the anode tail gas enters the combustion chamber 1 in a jet manner when flowing through the second anode gas inlet hole 731, and the other path of the anode tail gas enters the combustion chamber 1 in a rotating manner when flowing through the swirl blades 72. This combined air intake method can generate a reflux vortex in the combustion chamber 1; on the one hand, the reflux vortex strengthens the mixing of the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas in the combustion chamber 1, effectively improving the anode tail gas combustion efficiency of the SOFC system at various operating stages; on the other hand, the reflux vortex can effectively maintain the continuous and stable combustion of the flame by entraining the high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber 1. Please refer to Figure 7 The flow field velocity distribution cloud diagram at the anode tail gas nozzle is shown. From the figure, it can be seen that the cathode tail gas flow velocity in the circumferential direction of the anode tail gas nozzle is consistent.

[0074] In this embodiment, the cathode tail gas distribution channel 6 includes an outer cathode tail gas distribution channel and an inner cathode tail gas distribution channel. The side wall of the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel is connected to the cathode air inlet pipe 3. The top of the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel is opened and communicated with the top of the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel. The bottom of the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel is covered with a combustion chamber 1. The cathode tail gas enters the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel through the cathode air inlet pipe 3, and flows into the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel from bottom to top and from outside to inside, and then enters the combustion chamber 1 from top to bottom. Through this structure, the cathode tail gas first enters the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel through the cathode air inlet pipe 3, and the cathode tail gas flows from bottom to top in the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel. When the cathode tail gas reaches the top of the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel, it enters the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel through the top opening. After passing through the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel, the cathode tail gas enters the combustion chamber 1 from top to bottom, mixes with the anode tail gas, and burns. It can be seen that the cathode exhaust gas with single-side intake first passes through the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and then through the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. A reasonable gas flow path helps to evenly disperse the cathode exhaust gas during the flow process, reduce the pressure loss during gas flow, and ensure the uniform distribution of the cathode exhaust gas when it enters the combustion chamber 1, so as to mix well with the anode exhaust gas and improve the combustion efficiency.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61, a second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62, and a third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 which are distributed in a hierarchical manner from bottom to top. A first orifice plate 66 is provided between the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61 and the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62, and the first orifice plate 66 is provided with a plurality of first cathode air inlet holes 660; a second orifice plate 67 is provided between the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62 and the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63, and the second orifice plate 67 is provided with a plurality of second cathode air inlet holes 670, and a through hole connecting the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 and the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is provided in the middle of the second orifice plate 67. Through this structure, the cathode exhaust gas first enters the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61 through the cathode air inlet pipe 3, then enters the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62 through the first cathode air inlet hole 660 on the first orifice plate 66, then enters the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 through the second cathode air inlet hole 670 on the second orifice plate 67, and finally enters the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the through hole in the middle of the second orifice plate 67.

[0076] The multi-level distribution chamber structure design of the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel can achieve several short stays of the cathode exhaust gas in the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, further dispersing the cathode exhaust gas during the flow process, and ensuring that the cathode exhaust gas enters the inner cathode exhaust gas distribution channel more evenly.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, in addition, in order to ensure that the cathode exhaust gas can smoothly flow into the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 after entering from a single side, and taking into account the large flow rate of the cathode exhaust gas, in the present embodiment, the first cathode air inlet hole 660 includes an outer cathode air inlet hole 6601 and an inner cathode air inlet hole 6602, the outer cathode air inlet holes 6601 are distributed in a circular array on the periphery of the first orifice plate 66, and the inner cathode air inlet holes 6602 are distributed in an arc shape on one side of the first orifice plate 66 close to the cathode air inlet pipe 3; the second cathode air inlet holes 670 are evenly distributed on the periphery of the second orifice plate 67. Through this structure, more inner cathode air inlet holes 6602 are provided on the side of the first orifice plate 66 close to the air inlet end than on the other side, so that there are more air inlet holes on the side close to the air inlet end, and the cathode exhaust gas in the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61 can smoothly enter the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62, avoiding accumulation on one side of the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61; and the cathode exhaust gas in the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62 can enter the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 more evenly through the evenly distributed air inlet holes.

[0078] The inner cathode tail gas distribution channel includes a fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 64 and a fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 65 which are distributed in layers from top to bottom. A third orifice plate 68 is provided between the fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 64 and the fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 65. The third orifice plate 68 is provided with several circles of third cathode air inlet holes 680, and an annular guide plate 682 is provided between two adjacent circles of third cathode air inlet holes 680. The annular guide plate 682 is used to disperse the cathode tail gas and guide the flow direction of the gas flow. Through this structure, the cathode tail gas enters the fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 64 from the third cathode tail gas distribution chamber 63 through the through hole in the middle of the second orifice plate 67, and then enters the fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 65 through the third cathode air inlet holes 680 on the third orifice plate 68. When passing through the third orifice plate 68, the third cathode air inlet holes 680 disperse the cathode tail gas and guide its flow direction to ensure uniform distribution of the gas flow. Please refer to Figure 6 As shown in the velocity distribution cloud diagram of the flow field of the third orifice plate, it can be seen that the cathode exhaust gas flow rate in the circumferential direction of the third orifice plate 68 is consistent, and the cathode exhaust gas can evenly enter the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65 from the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64 to be fully mixed with the anode exhaust gas and burned.

[0079] In this embodiment, the bottom outer wall of the combustion chamber 1 is formed by extending the side wall of the cathode tail gas distribution channel 6 downward, which helps to make the structure of the burner body 100 more compact and reduce the size. The bottom outer wall of the combustion chamber 1 is provided with a flame detector 14, which is used to monitor the state of the flame in the combustion chamber 1 in real time, and can obtain the flame signal in the combustion chamber 1 in time to ensure the stability and safety of the combustion process.

[0080] A flame baffle 81 is provided at the front end of the flue gas outlet pipe 8, the middle of the flame baffle 81 is connected to the cooling air intake pipe 82, and a number of partition strips are evenly provided around the flame baffle 81, so that the flame baffle 81 is radial. The flame baffle 81 is provided at the flue gas outlet pipe 8, which can not only prevent the combustion flame from being too long and thus causing damage or impact on the rear end heat exchanger components, but also strengthen the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cathode tail gas to reduce the annular temperature difference of the flue gas profile and enhance the heat exchange efficiency of the rear end heat exchange components. A cooling air intake pipe 82 is provided at the center of the flame baffle 81. By adjusting the cooling air volume, the flue gas temperature at the burner outlet can be flexibly adjusted without affecting the flame combustion organization at the front end. At the same time, the flame baffle 81 turbulences to strengthen the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cooling air, which can effectively suppress the influence of uneven flue gas temperature on the performance of the rear end heat exchange components.

[0081] At least one temperature sensor 9 is provided below the flame baffle 81 of the smoke outlet pipe 8, for real-time monitoring of the smoke temperature in the smoke outlet pipe 8. In this embodiment, the smoke outlet pipe 8 is provided with two temperature sensors 9.

[0082] The use process of the above technical solution is as follows: start the ignition rod 41 to ignite the mixed gas in the combustion chamber 1; the flame detector 14 detects the flue gas to determine whether combustion occurs, and transmits the signal to the controller; the controller decides whether to start the ignition rod 41 based on the signal feedback from the flame detector 14; the flue gas after combustion can shorten the combustion flame length and enhance mixing after flowing through the flame baffle 81; cooling air enters the flue gas through the cooling air inlet pipe 82, and the flue gas temperature at the burner outlet can be flexibly adjusted; finally, the flue gas flows through temperature sensor 1 and temperature sensor 2 for temperature measurement, and then flows out through the flue gas outlet pipe 8.

[0083] In summary, the present invention provides a single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, which has a relatively compact structural design and low flow path pressure loss, reduces the system volume and fan power consumption, and helps to improve the overall power generation efficiency of the SOFC system.

[0084] Embodiment 2

[0085] A single-side intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, the rest of the structure is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is provided with an anode tail gas distribution channel 5 and a cathode tail gas distribution channel 6, the anode tail gas distribution channel 5 includes a first anode tail gas distribution chamber 51 and a second anode tail gas distribution chamber 52, the cathode tail gas distribution channel 6 includes a first cathode tail gas distribution chamber 61, a second cathode tail gas distribution chamber 62, a third cathode tail gas distribution chamber 63, a fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 64 and a fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 65, the difference being that an annular spoiler 630 is centrally provided on the top wall of the third cathode tail gas distribution chamber 63, the annular spoiler 630 is used to guide and disperse the cathode tail gas so that the cathode tail gas flows evenly to the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel; the airflow is guided by the annular spoiler 630, making the airflow smoother, which helps to reduce the turbulence generated when the gas enters the fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 64, thereby reducing the pressure loss and improving the combustion efficiency.

[0086] Embodiment 3

[0087] A single-side intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, the rest of the structure is the same as that of the first or second embodiment, and has an anode tail gas distribution channel 5 and a cathode tail gas distribution channel 6, the cathode tail gas distribution channel 6 includes a first cathode tail gas distribution chamber 61, a second cathode tail gas distribution chamber 62, a third cathode tail gas distribution chamber 63, a fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 64 and a fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber 65, the difference is:

[0088] In this embodiment, the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 is connected to the smoke outlet pipe 8 through a conical sleeve, which can not only shrink and concentrate the flame shape and improve the wall cooling effect, but also reduce the impact of rear-end pressure fluctuations on flame combustion stability.

[0089] The combustion chamber 1 is in the shape of a truncated cone, and includes a top connecting plate 11, a middle inclined chamber wall 12 and a bottom connecting plate 13. The top connecting plate 11 has a middle opening and is connected to the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5, and the bottom connecting plate 13 is connected to the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6. The top connecting plate 11 is provided with a plurality of fourth cathode air inlet holes 110 on the outside of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5, the middle inclined chamber wall 12 is provided with a plurality of fifth cathode air inlet holes 120, and the bottom connecting plate 13 is provided with a plurality of sixth cathode air inlet holes 130. Through this structure, the cathode exhaust gas is divided into three paths inside the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65: the first path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the fourth cathode air inlet 110, and this part of the cathode exhaust gas can blow the high-temperature flue gas sucked by the reflux vortex away from the top connecting plate 11 to avoid overheating of the wall of the top connecting plate 11; the second path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the fifth cathode air inlet 120, wherein a part of the cathode exhaust gas enters the flame area to participate in the combustion organization to improve the combustion efficiency of the anode exhaust gas, and the other part can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flame and the wall of the combustion chamber 1, which can effectively prevent the flame from deflecting and reduce the heat transfer of the high-temperature flue gas to the wall of the combustion chamber 1; the third path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the sixth cathode air inlet 130, and can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flue gas and the bottom of the combustion chamber 1, the conical sleeve and the flue gas outlet pipe 8 to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from burning the metal wall and causing structural failure.

[0090] In the above scheme, the proportion of cathode exhaust gas participating in flame combustion and wall cooling can be adjusted by adjusting the position, number and size of the openings in the combustion chamber wall, top connecting plate and bottom connecting plate to adapt to the operating parameters of different types of SOFC stacks. It can fully meet the needs of stable combustion at a large air-fuel ratio of the SOFC system and has integrated design characteristics.

[0091] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0092] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, comprising a combustion chamber (1) and an anode air intake pipe (2) and a cathode air intake pipe (3) located on the same side, wherein the combustion chamber (1) is further provided with an ignition rod (41), characterized in that: An ignition rod sleeve (4) is provided at the center of the top of the combustion chamber (1), and the ignition rod (41) is inserted into the ignition rod sleeve (4) and penetrates into the combustion chamber (1); The top of the combustion chamber (1) is also provided with an anode tail gas distribution channel (5) and a cathode tail gas distribution channel (6), wherein the anode tail gas distribution channel (5) is arranged around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve (4), and the cathode tail gas distribution channel (6) is arranged around the outer periphery of the lower end of the anode tail gas distribution channel (5); The anode tail gas distribution channel (5) is connected to the anode air inlet pipe (2) and the combustion chamber (1), and the cathode tail gas distribution channel (6) is connected to the cathode air inlet pipe (3) and the combustion chamber (1); after passing through their respective independent tail gas distribution channels, the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas are uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber (1) in a toroidal exhaust manner.

2. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The depth of the ignition rod (41) inserted into the combustion chamber (1) can be adjusted along the axial direction of the ignition rod sleeve (4).

3. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anode tail gas distribution channel (5) comprises a first anode tail gas distribution chamber (51) and a second anode tail gas distribution chamber (52) which are sequentially sleeved on the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve (4) from the outside to the inside; the side wall of the first anode tail gas distribution chamber (51) is connected to the anode air inlet pipe (2); the side wall of the second anode tail gas distribution chamber (52) is provided with a first anode air inlet hole (521) for connecting the first anode tail gas distribution chamber (51) and the second anode tail gas distribution chamber (52); the bottom channel of the second anode tail gas distribution chamber (52) extends downward along the ignition rod sleeve (4) and is connected to the combustion chamber (1).

4. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating range and low pressure loss according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: An anode tail gas nozzle (7) is provided between the bottom channel of the anode tail gas distribution channel (5) and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve (4), and the anode tail gas nozzle (7) comprises a nozzle sleeve body (71), and the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle sleeve body (71) is provided with a plurality of inclined swirl blades (72); the nozzle sleeve body (71) and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve (4) are integrally formed, and the connection between the two constitutes a nozzle end cover plate (73), and the nozzle end cover plate (73) is evenly provided with a plurality of second anode gas inlet holes (731).

5. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cathode tail gas distribution channel (6) comprises an outer cathode tail gas distribution channel and an inner cathode tail gas distribution channel, the side wall of the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel is connected to the cathode air inlet pipe (3), the top of the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel is opened and communicated with the top of the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel, and the bottom of the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel is covered with the combustion chamber (1); The cathode tail gas enters the outer cathode tail gas distribution channel through the cathode air inlet pipe (3), flows into the inner cathode tail gas distribution channel from bottom to top and from outside to inside, and then enters the combustion chamber (1) from top to bottom.

6. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss according to claim 5, characterized in that: The peripheral cathode tail gas distribution channel comprises a first cathode tail gas distribution chamber (61), a second cathode tail gas distribution chamber (62), and a third cathode tail gas distribution chamber (63) which are distributed in a hierarchical manner from bottom to top. A first orifice plate (66) is provided between the first cathode tail gas distribution chamber (61) and the second cathode tail gas distribution chamber (62), and the first orifice plate (66) is provided with a plurality of first cathode air inlet holes (660); a second orifice plate (67) is provided between the second cathode tail gas distribution chamber (62) and the third cathode tail gas distribution chamber (63), and the second orifice plate (67) is provided with a plurality of second cathode air inlet holes (670), and a through hole connecting the third cathode tail gas distribution chamber (63) and the inner peripheral cathode tail gas distribution channel is provided in the middle of the second orifice plate (67).

7. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first cathode air inlet holes (660) include peripheral cathode air inlet holes (6601) and inner cathode air inlet holes (6602), wherein the peripheral cathode air inlet holes (6601) are distributed in a circular array on the periphery of the first orifice plate (66), and the inner cathode air inlet holes (6602) are distributed in an arc shape on one side of the first orifice plate (66) close to the cathode air inlet pipe (3); the second cathode air inlet holes (670) are evenly distributed on the periphery of the second orifice plate (67).

8. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating range and low pressure loss according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: An annular spoiler (630) is centrally disposed on the top wall of the third cathode tail gas distribution chamber (63), and the annular spoiler (630) is used to guide and disperse the cathode tail gas so that the cathode tail gas flows evenly toward the inner peripheral cathode tail gas distribution channel.

9. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating range and low pressure loss according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The inner cathode tail gas distribution channel comprises a fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber (64) and a fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber (65) which are distributed in layers from top to bottom. A third orifice plate (68) is provided between the fourth cathode tail gas distribution chamber (64) and the fifth cathode tail gas distribution chamber (65). The third orifice plate (68) is provided with a plurality of circles of third cathode air inlet holes (680). An annular guide plate (681) is provided between two adjacent circles of the third cathode air inlet holes (680). The annular guide plate (681) is used to disperse the cathode tail gas and guide the airflow direction.

10. The single-side air intake SOFC burner with wide operating range and low pressure loss according to any one of claims 1-3 or 5-7, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (1) is in a truncated cone shape, and comprises a top connecting plate (11), a middle inclined chamber wall (12) and a bottom connecting plate (13); the top connecting plate (11) has a middle opening and is connected to the anode tail gas distribution channel (5), and the bottom connecting plate (13) is connected to the cathode tail gas distribution channel (6); the top connecting plate (11) is provided with a plurality of fourth cathode gas inlet holes (110) on the outside of the anode tail gas distribution channel (5), the middle inclined chamber wall (12) is provided with a plurality of fifth cathode gas inlet holes (120), and the bottom connecting plate (13) is provided with a plurality of sixth cathode gas inlet holes (130).

Images