Tunneling device capable of accurately simulating shield construction ring-by-ring stratum loss

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunneling device capable of accurately simulating shield construction ring-by-ring stratum loss, which comprises a tunnel model, an elastic film is nested outside the tunnel model, and the tunnel comprises a plurality of expandable single-ring models arranged side by side; the telescopic devices are arranged in the single-ring models and used for controlling the single-ring models to expand and contract, and the multiple telescopic devices are connected in series through bearing rods; the automatic control system comprises a motor and a signal control system, the motor is arranged in the telescopic device, and the signal control system is connected with the motor through a signal transmission line. The multiple single-ring models are connected through the bearing rods, the single-ring models are mutually independent and can be adjusted step by step, the shield tunneling process in actual engineering is truly simulated by controlling each single-ring model to simulate different stratum losses, natural sedimentation of a shield tunneling machine can be simulated after the bearing rods are removed, and actual construction is better met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shield tunneling, and in particular to a tunneling device that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction. Background Art

[0002] During the shield tunnel construction process, due to the diameter difference between the shield machine shell and the tunnel lining, when the shield tail is out of the segment, a circular columnar gap is formed between the segment tunnel and the soil. This gap is called the shield tail gap. If this gap is not filled in time, it will cause a large settlement of the soil above, and the filling of the pores in the surrounding soil will cause a large stratum settlement. At the same time, after the segment is installed, under the action of the surrounding soil pressure, a certain elastic-plastic deformation will occur, and the surrounding soil will deform inward, causing stratum loss.

[0003] The stratum loss refers to the difference between the volume of the actual excavated soil during the shield tunnel excavation process and the volume of the tunnel after completion. The stratum loss rate is equal to the volume of the shield tail gap divided by the actual excavated soil volume of the tunnel. If the stratum loss caused by the shield tail gap is not handled in time, the soil around the tunnel will gather inward due to lack of support, and the movement of the stratum soil will cause the surface to settle, which will affect the surface roads and surrounding buildings, causing various engineering geological disasters.

[0004] At present, in order to better simulate the stratum loss during shield tunneling and summarize its deformation law, so as to provide guidance for construction, tunneling simulation devices are often used to simulate shield construction. However, the tunneling simulation devices in the prior art cannot accurately simulate the actual shield stratum loss situation, which is different from the actual construction process. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a tunnel excavation device that can accurately simulate the stratum loss of each ring during shield construction, so as to overcome the defect that the existing excavation simulation device cannot accurately simulate the actual shield stratum loss situation.

[0006] A tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, comprising:

[0007] A tunnel model, wherein an elastic membrane is embedded outside the tunnel model, and the tunnel comprises a plurality of expandable and retractable single-ring models arranged side by side;

[0008] A telescopic device, which is arranged in the single-ring model and is used to control the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model, and a plurality of the telescopic devices are connected in series through a load-bearing rod;

[0009] The automatic control system comprises a motor and a signal control system. The motor is arranged in the telescopic device, and the signal control system is connected to the motor through a signal transmission line.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the elastic membrane is prestressed.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device in the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the single-ring model includes a hard circular arc plate and an arc connecting plate. A plurality of the hard circular arc plates are connected into a cylindrical shape. The arc connecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the hard circular arc plate, and a first connecting hole is provided on the side thereof.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the interconnected sides of the hard arc plates are of a sawtooth structure.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel excavation device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the telescopic device includes a positioning plate, a cam plate and a strut, the positioning plate and the cam plate are arranged side by side at intervals, the positioning plate is connected to the fixed end of the motor, the cam plate is connected to the rotating end of the motor, the cam plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic grooves around its circumference, one end of the strut is slidably connected to the telescopic groove, and the other end thereof is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel excavation device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss in shield construction, the positioning plate is in a circular shape as a whole, the inner ring of which is provided with a second connecting hole, the outer ring of which is provided with through holes at intervals, and sliding grooves are provided between adjacent through holes. The sliding grooves are arranged along the radial direction of the positioning plate, and third connecting holes are provided on both sides of the sliding groove. The third connecting holes are connected to the limiting slider through screws.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel excavation device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, one end of the support rod is provided with a splicing groove, which is slidably connected to the telescopic groove via a rotating shaft passing through the splicing groove, and the other end of the support rod is provided with a fourth connecting hole, which is connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate via screws passing through the first connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, both ends of the support rod are further provided with fifth connecting holes, and a pressure plate is connected to the fifth connecting hole by screws.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss in shield construction, the cam plate is generally in a circular shape, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the positioning plate. The inner ring of the cam plate is provided with a sixth connecting hole, and the telescopic groove is provided on the outer ring of the cam plate and is inclined to its axial direction.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the load-bearing rods and the signal transmission lines are arranged in the through holes at intervals.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] 1. The present invention connects multiple single-ring models through load-bearing rods. Each single-ring model is independent of each other and can be adjusted step by step. By controlling each single-ring model to simulate different stratum losses, the shield excavation process in the actual project is truly simulated. After removing the load-bearing rods, the natural settlement of the shield machine can also be simulated, which is more in line with actual construction.

[0021] 2. The elastic membrane embedded outside the tunnel model of the present invention plays a role in waterproofing and preventing soil samples from falling into the tunnel model, so tunnel excavation in a water environment can be realized, which is more in line with the actual tunnel excavation environment.

[0022] 3. The present invention provides a certain expansion pressure to make the tunnel model expand outward to reserve a certain space, thereby simulating the uplift of the soil layer caused by other reasons such as excessive grouting pressure, excessive top thrust of the shield machine, and shield machine shutdown and resumption of excavation during tunnel excavation, and then explores its deep impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the tunneling automation device in Example 1 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is the second structural diagram of the tunneling automation device in Example 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the hard arc plate and the arc connecting plate in Example 1 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motor in Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning plate in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cam in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support rod in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunneling automation device in Example 2 of the present application;

[0032] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunneling automation device in Example 3 of the present application;

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Tunnel model; 11. Hard arc plate; 12. Arc connecting plate; 13. First connecting hole

[0035] 2. telescopic device; 21. positioning plate; 211. second connecting hole; 212. through hole; 213. sliding slot; 214. third connecting hole; 22. cam plate; 221. telescopic slot; 222. sixth connecting hole; 23. support rod; 231. splicing slot; 232. rotating shaft; 233. fourth connecting hole; 234. fifth connecting hole; 24. slider; 25. pressing plate;

[0036] 3. Automatic control system; 31. Motor;

[0037] 4. Seepage holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being “above”, “above”, and “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being “below”, “below”, and “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a tunneling device that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss of shield construction, which is used to accurately simulate the actual shield stratum loss situation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes a tunnel model 1, a telescopic device 2 and an automatic control system 3. The tunnel model 1 is buried in the test soil body, and an elastic membrane (not shown in the figure) is nested outside it. The tunnel model 1 includes multiple expandable single-ring models arranged side by side. The telescopic device 2 is arranged in the single-ring model to control the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model. Multiple telescopic devices 2 are connected in series through load-bearing rods (not shown in the figure). The automatic control system 3 realizes the automatic expansion and expansion of the single-ring model to simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss caused by shield tunnel construction. It includes a motor 31 and a signal control system. The motor 31 is arranged in the telescopic device 2, and the signal control system is connected to the motor 31 through a signal transmission line (not shown in the figure).

[0046] In this embodiment, the elastic film is a silicone film with a thickness between 2 mm and 3 mm. After the entire tunnel model 1 is connected, a prestress is applied to the silicone film, and then it is nested outside the tunnel model 1, so that the silicone film can fit tightly on the tunnel model 1. At the same time, the applied prestress can effectively prevent the film from bulging or sinking when the tunnel model 1 expands or contracts. The silicone film has the effect of waterproofing and preventing the test soil from falling into the tunnel model 1, and can realize tunnel excavation in a water environment, which is more in line with the real tunnel excavation environment.

[0047] The single-loop model includes Figure 3 The hard arc plates 11 and arc connecting plates 12 shown are multiple hard arc plates 11 connected into a cylindrical shape. The arc connecting plate 12 is arranged on the inner side of the hard arc plate 11, and a first connecting hole 13 is provided on its side to facilitate connection with the telescopic device 2.

[0048] In this embodiment, the interconnected sides of the hard arc plates 11 are of a sawtooth structure, and adjacent hard arc plates 11 mesh with each other, so that the opening of the tunnel model 1 is smaller when it is opened, and the elastic membrane is avoided from being clamped, which affects the shrinkage effect.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, the motor 31 includes a rotating part and a fixed part sleeved on the outside thereof, and the rotating part and the fixed part are both provided with connecting holes around their circumferences.

[0050] The telescopic device 2 includes a positioning plate 21, a cam plate 22 and a support rod 23. The positioning plate 21 and the cam plate 22 are arranged side by side and spaced apart from each other. The positioning plate 21 is connected to the fixed end of the motor 31, and the cam plate 22 is connected to the rotating end of the motor 31. The cam plate 22 is provided with a plurality of telescopic grooves 221 around its circumference. One end of the support rod 23 is slidably connected to the telescopic groove 221, and the other end thereof is fixedly connected to the arc connecting plate 12. The rotation of the cam plate 22 drives the support rod 23 to move radially, thereby pushing the hard arc plate 11 to contract or expand.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, the positioning plate 21 is in the shape of a ring as a whole, and is used to bear the weight of the other parts of the tunneling automation device. The inner ring is provided with a second connection hole 211, which is connected to the motor 31 by screws passing through the second connection hole 211 and the connection hole of the rotating part. The outer ring of the positioning plate 21 is provided with a plurality of through holes 212 at intervals, and a sliding groove 213 is provided between adjacent through holes 212. The sliding groove 213 is arranged along the radial direction of the positioning plate 21, and the sliding groove 213 is provided on both sides of the third connection hole 214, and the third connection hole 214 is connected to the slider 24 used to limit the support rod 23 by screws.

[0052] In this embodiment, the through hole 212 is used to pass through the load-bearing rods and signal transmission lines connecting adjacent single-ring models. The load-bearing rods and signal transmission lines are arranged at intervals. One end of the load-bearing rod is passed through the through hole 212, and the other end is fixed to the model box. The signal transmission line is connected to the motor 31, and each motor 31 is independently connected to a signal transmission line.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, the cam plate 22 is in a circular ring shape as a whole, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the positioning plate 21. The inner ring of the cam plate 22 is provided with a sixth connecting hole 222, which is connected to the motor 31 by screws passing through the sixth connecting hole 222 and the connecting hole of the fixing part. The telescopic groove 221 is provided on the outer ring of the cam plate 22 and is inclined to its axial direction to realize the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model.

[0054] In this embodiment, after the cam plate 22 is processed, it needs to be quenched to increase the surface hardness to ensure that the rotating shaft 232 and the telescopic slot 221 will not be worn due to long-term high pressure.

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, the support rod 23 is a latch-type structure, one end of which is provided with a splicing groove 231. The support rod 23 is provided with a splicing groove 231 section inserted into the side plate of the cam plate 22, and is slidably connected with the telescopic groove 221 through a rotating shaft 232 passing through the splicing groove 231, and the rotating shaft 232 matches the telescopic groove 221. The other end of the support rod 23 is provided with a fourth connecting hole 233, which is connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate 12 through a screw passing through the first connecting hole 13 and the fourth connecting hole 233.

[0056] The support rod 23 is limited in the sliding groove 213 by the slider 24 and can slide along the axial direction of the sliding groove 213 .

[0057] In this embodiment, both ends of the support rod 23 are further provided with fifth connection holes 234 , and a pressing plate 25 is connected to the fifth connection hole 234 via screws so as to fix the rotating shaft 232 .

[0058] When in use, the motor 31 drives the cam plate 22 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. During the rotation, the telescopic slot 221 drives one end of the support rod 23 to move away from or close to the cam plate 22, thereby driving the hard arc plate 11 connected to the other end thereof to expand or contract.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment provides a method for using a tunneling automation device, wherein the slider 24 is connected to the positioning plate 21 through the third connection hole 214, and then the positioning plate 21 and the cam plate 22 are firmly connected to the motor 31 through screws passing through the second connection hole 211 and the sixth connection hole 222, and the end of the support rod 23 with the splicing groove 231 passes through the slider 24 and is connected to the telescopic groove 221 through the rotating shaft 232 and the pressing plate 25, and the other end is connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate 12 through screws. Repeat the above steps to form a single-ring model.

[0061] Through the through hole 212 on the positioning plate 21, multiple load-bearing rods are assembled to connect the single-ring models and enhance the structural strength. At the same time, the signal transmission line and the power line are inserted into the rear end of the motor 31 to complete the assembly of the entire tunnel. Prestress is applied to the silicone film to make it fit tightly on the tunnel model 1. Assuming the diameter size of the tunnel model 1 to be simulated, the telescopic device 2 is initialized through the computer program, and the rotating shaft 232 is adjusted to the specified position.

[0062] A model box is used to simulate the soil layer. According to the test requirements, a suitable soil layer is selected. The soil layer is loaded and compacted. The excavation automation device is placed in a suitable position and fixed by a flange. The remaining soil is then loaded and compacted. The parameters of the telescopic device 2 are set by the control end. The motor 31 is started to drive the cam plate 22 to rotate and the hard arc plate 11 to move to start the simulated excavation. Figure 8 As shown, the first ring of segments simulates the uplift caused by excessive thrust on the tunnel face, the next ring of segments simulates the formation loss caused by the gap between the shield tail, and the last three rings of segments are used to simulate the uplift caused by excessive grouting pressure. After a period of time, the motor 31 is disconnected and stopped working, and the test data is counted and sorted out and analyzed through the control end.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that it is used to simulate the excavation process when there are seepage holes 4 in the tunnel, such as Fig. 9As shown, centimeter-level seepage holes 4 are randomly opened at the hard arc plate 11 on the outside of the tunnel model 1 to simulate the seepage water condition of the shield during the excavation process. At the same time, a highly flexible and non-breakable silicone tube is glued to the inner wall of the hard arc plate 11 by strong glue, and circular holes for passing the silicone tube are reserved on the positioning plate 21 and the cam plate 22 of each ring. The opening size of the silicone tube should be able to cover the entire seepage hole 4, and the shape of the silicone tube should conform to the cone-cylindrical structure.

[0065] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring device that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, characterized in that: include: A tunnel model, wherein an elastic membrane is embedded outside the tunnel model, and the tunnel comprises a plurality of expandable and retractable single-ring models arranged side by side; A telescopic device, which is arranged in the single-ring model and is used to control the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model, and a plurality of the telescopic devices are connected in series through a load-bearing rod; The automatic control system comprises a motor and a signal control system. The motor is arranged in the telescopic device, and the signal control system is connected to the motor through a signal transmission line.

2. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic membrane is prestressed.

3. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single-ring model includes a hard circular arc plate and an arc-shaped connecting plate. A plurality of the hard circular arc plates are connected to form a cylindrical shape. The arc-shaped connecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the hard circular arc plate, and a first connecting hole is arranged on the side thereof.

4. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mutually connected sides of the hard arc plates are in a sawtooth structure.

5. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic device includes a positioning plate, a cam plate and a support rod. The positioning plate and the cam plate are arranged side by side and spaced apart. The positioning plate is connected to the fixed end of the motor, and the cam plate is connected to the rotating end of the motor. The cam plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic grooves around its circumference. One end of the support rod is slidably connected to the telescopic groove, and the other end thereof is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate.

6. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning plate is in a circular shape as a whole, with a second connecting hole provided on its inner ring, through holes provided on its outer ring at intervals, and sliding grooves provided between adjacent through holes. The sliding grooves are arranged along the radial direction of the positioning plate, and third connecting holes are provided on both sides of the sliding grooves. The third connecting holes are connected to the limiting slider by screws.

7. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the support rod is provided with a splicing groove, which is slidably connected to the telescopic groove through a rotating shaft passing through the splicing groove. The other end of the support rod is provided with a fourth connecting hole, which is connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate through screws passing through the first connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole.

8. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two ends of the support rod are also provided with fifth connection holes, and the fifth connection holes are connected with pressure plates through screws.

9. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cam plate is in an annular shape as a whole, and its diameter is smaller than that of the positioning plate. The inner ring of the cam plate is provided with a sixth connecting hole, and the telescopic groove is provided on the outer ring of the cam plate and is inclined to its axial direction.

10. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing rods and the signal transmission lines are arranged in the through holes at intervals.

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