Mud dice culture method based on mangrove forest tidal flat and application of mud dice culture method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mangrove forest ecological system restoration, in particular to a mangrove forest tidal flat-based mud dice culture method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (a) by taking an estuary mangrove forest tidal flat as a breeding base, arranging mud dice apartments on bare beaches inside and outside the mangrove forest; wherein the mud dice apartment is filled with culture soil; the top end of the mud dice apartment is exposed out of the beach surface; (b) putting mud dice seedlings into the mud dice apartment for cultivation and management and protection; and (c) harvesting the mud dices after the mud dices are mature. According to the mud dice cultivation method based on the mangrove forest tidal flat, a movable circulating container cultivation mode is adopted, mud dice is cultivated on bare beaches inside and outside the mangrove forest, and the mud dice cultivation method combining mangrove forest restoration and tidal flat efficient utilization is created. The method can be used for rapidly repairing a damaged mangrove forest ecological system, the quality of tidal flat soil is improved in the efficient cultivation process of mud dices, and sustainable utilization of the tidal flat is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of restoration of mangrove ecosystems, and in particular to a method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Mangrove tidal flats are the world's most important blue carbon storage system, an extremely biomass-rich ecosystem, and a natural levee system that effectively resists typhoons. However, against the backdrop of global warming and rising sea levels, as well as damage to mangrove tidal flats caused by high-intensity human activities, the area of ​​mangroves has dropped sharply. This in turn directly affects the decline in offshore fish diversity in the waters adjacent to mangrove tidal flats, clearly posing a risk of reduced production in coastal fisheries. In particular, mangrove tidal flats are rich in mud slugs, which provide valuable high-protein food for birds and humans. Damage to mangroves will lead to a reduction or disappearance of mud slugs.

[0003] In order to grab the high-value mud from the tidal flats under the mangrove forests, the indigenous people of the coast engage in savage sea-hunting and frantically destroy the tidal flats, which damages the root systems of the mangroves in the soil, leading to the large-scale death of the mangroves. The death of the mangroves makes it difficult for the soil to obtain their leaf litter, that is, the soil microorganisms cannot decompose the leaf litter and provide the mud with the nutrients they need, thereby accelerating the decline in the number of mud on the beach.

[0004] Some indigenous peoples in coastal areas of my country purchase mudskippers to stock mangroves. Mudskippers are scattered in mangrove tidal flats, so when they are harvested, they destroy the mangroves to harvest mudskippers, further destroying the mangrove ecosystem and causing the disappearance of large areas of mangroves. This creates a situation of one prosperity and one loss. Ultimately, the mangroves are destroyed, and the output and benefits of mudskipper farming also decrease. In addition, mudskippers are extremely sensitive to the environment. Pollution in coastal areas of my country is relatively serious, and mudskipper eggs are difficult to hatch into seedlings. Therefore, the mudskippers that local people artificially cultivate are all from Vietnam.

[0005] In addition, coastal countries around the world have built mangrove protection areas, and proposed technologies and plans for repairing mangroves, prohibiting residents from entering. Obviously, mangroves and invertebrates under the forest are protected, but the excessive breeding of understory animals will affect the balance of the mangrove ecosystem, and the efficacy of mangrove tidal flats has not been fully utilized. The short-term interests of local fishermen have been damaged, and the mangrove protection work has not received support from local residents. Based on this, for damaged mangrove tidal flats, it is urgent to propose a method that can both repair damaged mangroves and obtain corresponding high-value seafood.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats and its application. The method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats does not destroy the mangroves during the cultivation process, but can protect the mangroves and improve the efficiency of mudskipper cultivation, thereby resolving the contradiction between mangrove protection and the interests of local fishermen.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted:

[0009] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (a) Using estuarine mangrove tidal flats as aquaculture bases, and setting up mud flats inside and outside the mangroves;

[0011] The mud apartment is filled with culture soil; the top of the mud apartment is exposed on the beach surface;

[0012] (b) placing mud lily seedlings into the mud lily apartment for cultivation and care;

[0013] (c) Harvest the mud when it matures.

[0014] The method of cultivating mud lichens based on mangrove tidal flats adopts a movable circulating container cultivation method to cultivate mud lichens in mangrove forests and on bare beaches outside the forests, aiming to create a mud lichen cultivation method that combines the restoration of mangroves with the efficient utilization of tidal flats. The method can be used to quickly repair damaged mangrove ecosystems, improve the quality of tidal flat soil during the efficient cultivation of mud lichens, and achieve sustainable utilization of tidal flats.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to a method for repairing damaged mangrove tidal flats, including the above-mentioned mud shrimp cultivation method based on mangrove tidal flats.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The method for cultivating mud slugs based on mangrove tidal flats provided by the present invention can be used to quickly repair the damaged ecosystem of mangroves, improve the quality of tidal flat soil during the efficient cultivation of mud slugs, and achieve sustainable utilization of tidal flats. The method utilizes the biological characteristics of mud slugs, such as their narrow range of activity, burrowing instinct, and feeding on detritus and the microorganisms they produce, to improve the damaged and barren habitat of mangrove tidal flats.

[0018] (2) The method for cultivating mud minnows based on mangrove tidal flats provided by the present invention is that mud minnow apartments exposed on the beach surface can intercept mangrove embryos, increase the probability of mangrove implantation and survival, slow down the wave and tidal dynamic intensity, promote the deposition of suspended sand in the water body, accelerate the siltation of tidal flats, provide conditions for the natural expansion of mangroves, and accelerate the elevation of the beach surface of non-forested beaches to form suitable tidal flats. The excrement of mud minnows in the mud minnow apartments slowly enters the mangrove land through the water during high tide, providing nutrients for the growth of mangrove plants. Mud minnow apartments are placed in the gaps in the mangrove forest, and the mangrove litter provides nutrients for mud minnows, which is mutually beneficial and realizes the efficient utilization of mangrove tidal flats. Cultivating mud minnows in mud minnow apartments can prevent them from being pecked by natural enemies such as crabs and birds, reduce losses, improve the nutrient utilization rate of mangrove litter entering the container, accelerate the maturity of mud minnows, increase production, and improve the efficiency of mud minnow cultivation. At the same time, damaged mangrove tidal flats are repaired and the output value of mud minnows is increased, giving full play to the maximum ecological benefits of mangrove tidal flats.

[0019] (3) The method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats provided by the present invention arranges mudskipper apartments in situ on the mangrove tidal flats to cultivate mudskippers, and can utilize natural seawater for cultivation, thereby ensuring that the cultivated products are pure natural products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a type mud apartment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, where the length unit marked on the figure is mm;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a type B mud apartment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the length unit marked on the figure is mm;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a C-type mud apartment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, where the length unit marked on the figure is mm;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a D-type mud apartment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the length unit marked on the figure is mm;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the layout of a mud apartment provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0027] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats, comprising the following steps:

[0028] (a) Using estuarine mangrove tidal flats as aquaculture bases, and setting up mud flats inside and outside the mangroves;

[0029] The mud apartment is filled with culture soil; the top of the mud apartment is exposed on the beach surface;

[0030] (b) placing mud lily seedlings into the mud lily apartment for cultivation and care;

[0031] (c) Harvest the mud when it matures.

[0032] The method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats adopts a movable circulating container cultivation method to cultivate mudskippers inside mangrove forests and on bare beaches outside the forests, aiming to create a method for cultivating mudskippers that combines the restoration of mangroves with the efficient utilization of tidal flats.

[0033] This method can be used to quickly repair damaged mangrove ecosystems, improve the quality of tidal flat soil during the efficient cultivation of mud minnows, and achieve sustainable utilization of tidal flats. This method uses the biological characteristics of mud minnows, such as their narrow range of activity, burrowing instinct, and feeding on detritus and the microorganisms they produce, to improve the damaged and barren habitat of mangrove tidal flats.

[0034] The mud flats exposed on the beach can intercept mangrove embryos, increase the chances of mangrove implantation and survival, slow down the intensity of wave and tidal dynamics, promote the deposition of suspended sand in the water, accelerate the siltation of tidal flats, provide conditions for the natural outward expansion of mangroves, and accelerate the rise of the beach surface of non-forest-suitable beaches to form suitable tidal flats.

[0035] The excrement of mud minnows in mud minnow apartments slowly enters the mangrove land through the water during high tide, providing nutrients for the growth of mangrove plants. Mud minnow apartments are placed in the gaps in the mangrove forest, and the mangrove litter provides nutrients for mud minnows, which is mutually beneficial and realizes the efficient utilization of mangrove tidal flats.

[0036] Raising mudskippers in mudskipper apartments can prevent them from being pecked by natural enemies such as crabs and birds, reduce losses, increase the utilization rate of nutrients in mangrove litter entering the container, accelerate the maturity of mudskippers, increase production, and improve mudskipper farming efficiency. At the same time, it can repair damaged mangrove tidal flats and increase the output value of mudskippers, giving full play to the maximum ecological benefits of mangrove tidal flats.

[0037] By arranging mud dingo apartments in situ on the mangrove tidal flats and cultivating mud dingoes, natural seawater can be used for cultivation, ensuring that the cultivated products are pure natural products.

[0038] Furthermore, the confluence of fresh and salt water at the estuary will be used as a breeding base.

[0039] Furthermore, the present invention does not specifically limit the bottom material of the breeding base, and muddy and sandy bottom material is preferred.

[0040] Further, the salinity of the water in the breeding base is 5 to 22, including but not limited to any point value of 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 or 22 or a range of values ​​between any two of them. This salinity is suitable for the growth of mudskippers.

[0041] Furthermore, the top of the mud flat is exposed to the water surface for ≥ 8 hours per day, including but not limited to any point value of 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours or 22 hours or any range value between two of them. The living habit of mud flats is to dive into the mud flats for 20-30 cm when flooded, and go out to feed when not flooded. Setting this time of exposure to the water surface is to provide mud flats with a suitable time for activity and feeding, which is conducive to the growth of mud flats.

[0042] Furthermore, the top of the mud flats arranged in the mangrove forest is exposed 5 to 10 cm above the beach surface, including but not limited to any point value of 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm or 10 cm or a range value between any two of them.

[0043] Furthermore, the top of the mud flat arranged on the bare beach outside the mangrove forest is exposed 10 to 15 cm above the beach surface, including but not limited to any point value of 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm or 15 cm or a range value between any two of them.

[0044] The mud apartments arranged inside the mangrove forest are 5 to 10 cm above the beach surface, while the mud apartments arranged on the bare beach outside the forest are slightly higher than those inside the forest. The mud apartments inside the forest can quickly decompose dead matter and provide nutrients for the mangroves; the mud apartments outside the forest not only have the former function, but can also break waves, block water and intercept silt, allowing the bare beach to silt up quickly and provide suitable beach for mangroves.

[0045] Furthermore, when the mud apartments are arranged in the mangrove forest, the distance between two adjacent mud apartments is 20 to 30 cm (for example, it can be but not limited to any point value of 20 cm, 22 cm, 24 cm, 26 cm, 28 cm or 30 cm or a range value between any two), and the horizontal direction of the mud apartment is at an angle of 40 to 50 degrees to the direction of the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides. The scheme of arranging mud apartments in the forest is conducive to intercepting mangrove withering into the container to the greatest extent and intercepting nutrient-rich fine-grained sediment to make it settle, thereby providing sufficient nutrients for the mud. The container spacing of 20 to 30 cm is conducive to the spacing between containers to intercept 3-4 seedlings and make them grow in clusters.

[0046] Furthermore, when the mud apartments are arranged on the bare beach outside the mangrove forest, the mud apartments are arranged in rows along the contour lines of the beach from the edge of the forest to the outside, and the horizontal direction of the mud apartments forms an angle of 40 to 50 degrees with the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides. The spacing between two adjacent mud apartments in the same row is 30 to 50 cm (for example, it can be but not limited to any one of 30 cm, 33 cm, 35 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, 43 cm, 45 cm, 48 cm or 50 cm, or a range value between any two of them), and the spacing between the mud apartments in adjacent rows is 100 to 200 cm (for example, it can be but not limited to any one of 100 cm, 110 cm, 120 cm, 130 cm, 140 cm, 150 cm, 160 cm, 170 cm, 180 cm, 190 cm or 200 cm, or a range value between any two of them), and the mud apartments in adjacent rows are staggered. The plan of arranging mud flats on the bare beach outside the forest is conducive to the maximum probability of mangrove embryos and mangrove withering being intercepted and entering the container, which is conducive to the rapid elevation of the beach surface and increases the suitable forest space for mangroves to grow toward the sea. After 2-3 years, a new mangrove seedling area will be formed in the area, and the containers will continue to be arranged toward the sea according to the previous arrangement, and their outermost limit toward the sea is near the average sea level.

[0047] Reasonable layout of mud apartments inside and outside the forest can effectively intercept mangrove embryos, increase the window of opportunity for embryo implantation and creation of seedling survival, improve the survival rate of seedlings in empty patches of mangroves under the forest, and accelerate the rapid expansion of mangroves to bare beaches outside the forest.

[0048] Furthermore, the mud apartment has an opening at the top, and drainage holes are arranged on the wall of the mud apartment.

[0049] Furthermore, the height of the mud apartment is 30-50 cm, including but not limited to any point value of 30 cm, 33 cm, 35 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, 43 cm, 45 cm, 48 cm or 50 cm or any range value between two of them. The activity range of mud is within 30 cm of the topsoil. According to the activity range of mud, the height of the mud apartment is set to ensure that mud has enough activity space in the mud apartment, simulating the natural growth environment of mud.

[0050] Furthermore, the diameter of the drainage hole of the mud apartment is 0.5 to 2 cm, including but not limited to any point value of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm or 2 cm or a range value between any two of them.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, the mud apartment includes: type A mud apartment, type B mud apartment, type C mud apartment and type D mud apartment.

[0052] In some specific embodiments, the A-type mud flat is a mud bowl with a height of 30 cm and a diameter of 50 cm. 8 to 10 drainage holes with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm are evenly arranged on the side wall within a range of 15 cm from the bottom of the A-type mud flat, which are used for drainage at low tide ( Figure 1 Type A mud flats are mainly placed in patchy open spaces between damaged mangroves, with 5 to 10 cm exposed above the beach.

[0053] In some specific implementations, the type b mud apartment is a 100 cm long DN300-DN500 PVC pipe placed horizontally, with a 10 cm wide and 80 cm long skylight opened on the upper side of the pipe wall, 10 cm is left at each end of the PVC pipe, and is covered with a synthetic fiber net with a mesh diameter of 0.5 cm as a window for water and nutrient exchange; both ends of the PVC pipe are covered with pipe caps; two rows of drainage holes with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm are drilled on the pipe wall below the center line of the PVC pipe at intervals of 10 to 15 cm for drainage at low tide ( Figure 2 Type B mud flats are mainly set up on the bare beach outside the mangrove forest, with 10 to 15 cm exposed on the beach surface.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, the C-type mud apartment is a 50 cm long DN300-DN500 PVC pipe vertical plug, and three rows of drainage holes with a diameter of 1-2 cm are evenly drilled at intervals of 10-15 cm on the pipe wall below the top 15 cm of the PVC pipe for drainage at low tide. The top of the pipe is covered with a synthetic fiber net with a mesh diameter of 0.5 cm ( Figure 3 C-type mud flats can be placed in patchy open spaces between damaged mangroves, with 5 to 10 cm exposed above the beach, or installed on bare beaches outside the forest.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the D-type mud apartment is constructed with a 50cm×50cm×50cm Binger mesh mud apartment ( Figure 4 Type D mud apartments are mainly located in patchy open spaces between damaged mangroves, with a depth of 5 to 10 cm above the beach.

[0056] When cultivating in an adult mangrove forest, at least one of the A-type mud apartments, C-type mud apartments or D-type mud apartments is placed in a clearing between the forests, and the placement density is adjusted according to the growth conditions and density of the mangrove plants. When the clearing between the forests is large, the distance between two adjacent mud apartments is 20 to 30 cm. The arrangement of the mud apartments is at a 45-degree angle to the direction of the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides, which is conducive to maximally intercepting the mangrove withering matter from entering the mud apartments and intercepting nutrient-rich fine-grained sediment to make it settle, thereby providing sufficient nutrients for the mud. The arrangement of the mud apartments with a spacing of 20 to 30 cm is also conducive to the spacing between containers to intercept 3 to 4 seedlings, allowing them to grow in clusters ( Figure 5 ).

[0057] When breeding on a bare beach outside the forest edge, type B mud flats are arranged in rows along the contour lines of the beach from the forest edge outward, with the long axis direction forming a 45-degree angle with the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides. The distance between two adjacent mud flats in the same row is 30 to 50 cm, and the distance between adjacent rows is 100 to 200 cm. The staggered layout of adjacent rows of mud flats is conducive to the maximum probability of mangrove embryos and mangrove withering being intercepted by containers and entering containers. At the same time, this layout of containers is also conducive to the rapid elevation of the beach surface, providing mangroves with more suitable forest space for growing toward the sea. After 2-3 years, a new mangrove seedling area will be formed in the area, and the containers will continue to be laid out toward the sea according to the previous layout, with their outermost limit toward the sea being near the mean sea level ( Figure 5 ).

[0058] The mud apartment of the present invention has various construction forms, unlimited sizes, and random materials. The mud apartment can be recycled for many times, thus saving production costs.

[0059] Furthermore, the culture soil filled in the mud apartment includes, from bottom to top, a lower layer of culture soil and an upper layer of culture soil.

[0060] Furthermore, the lower layer of culture soil includes: silty tidal flat sediments, farmyard manure and a first nutrient, wherein the first nutrient includes: soybean meal and / or oil cake. The lower layer of culture soil is protected by the mud flat, and can create a suitable growth and nutrition environment for the mud for a long time.

[0061] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silty tidal flat sediment to the first nutrient is 1 ton: 50-100 kg. Farmyard manure can be added in appropriate amounts as required.

[0062] The present invention does not specifically limit the type of farmyard manure, and conventional farmyard manure in the art can be used to implement the technical solution of the present invention.

[0063] Furthermore, the upper layer of culture soil includes: soil from mangrove forests.

[0064] Mud minnows like to live in burrows in shady, muddy and sandy tidal flats, feed on humus, organic debris, benthic diatoms, etc., come out of the burrows to forage at low tide and retreat into the burrows at high tide. Based on the growth habits of mud minnows, the present invention designs a culture soil to achieve the best breeding effect of mud minnows.

[0065] Artificially adding culture soil in the mud flat can accelerate the growth of mud, and improve the yield and quality of mud.

[0066] Furthermore, the filling height of the upper culture soil is 30 to 50 cm.

[0067] Furthermore, the mud seedlings are placed between the lower culture soil and the upper culture soil.

[0068] Furthermore, the filling height of the culture soil is 3 to 5 cm lower than the top of the mud apartment, including but not limited to any point value of 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm or 5 cm or a range value between any two of them.

[0069] Furthermore, 250 to 300 (for example, but not limited to, any one of 250, 260, 270, 280, 290 or 300, or a range between any two) mud seedlings are placed in each of the mud apartments arranged in the mangrove forest.

[0070] Furthermore, in each of the mud flats arranged on the bare beach outside the mangrove forest, 500-600 (for example, it may be but not limited to any point value of 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590 or 600, or a range value between any two) mud seedlings are placed.

[0071] Taking into account the activity space and yield requirements of adult mudskippers, the present invention designs the above standards for the placement of mudskipper seedlings.

[0072] Furthermore, after the mud lily seedlings are placed in the mud lily apartment, the top of the mud lily apartment is covered with a mesh material to prevent the mud lily from being preyed on by natural enemies such as crabs and birds.

[0073] Furthermore, the pore size of the mesh material is 0.2-0.7 cm.

[0074] The present invention does not specifically limit the specific type of mesh material, and any conventional mesh material in the art can be used to implement the technical solution of the present invention. In some specific embodiments, the mesh material includes but is not limited to a synthetic fiber mesh.

[0075] Furthermore, the management and maintenance include: after the tide goes out, observing whether there is water accumulation in the mud flat, if there is water accumulation, opening a drainage ditch between two rows of containers to facilitate timely drainage when the tide goes out; 12 to 16 days after the mud seedlings are released (for example, it can be but not limited to any point value of 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days or 16 days or a range value between any two), if more than 90% of the holes dug by the mud in the mud flat are vertical holes, it means that the mud has fully adapted to the environment; if more than 50% of the holes dug by the mud in the mud flat are horizontal holes, it means that the mud has not fully adapted to the environment and the culture soil is too sandy or too clayey, then the culture soil (silty soil) is replaced to accelerate the adaptation of the mud to the environment.

[0076] Furthermore, feeding is performed during the breeding process.

[0077] Furthermore, the feeding includes: starting from the third month after the mud diced shrimp seedlings are placed, feeding is performed every month, 1 to 2 times a month, and decomposed tung oil fertilizer, peanut oil cake, soybean meal, etc. are placed on the surface of the culture soil at low tide. The feeding has the effect of placing bait, feeding, and accelerating the growth of the mud diced shrimp.

[0078] Furthermore, the breeding time is 1 to 1.5 years, including but not limited to any one of 1 year, 1.1 years, 1.2 years, 13 years, 1.4 years or 1.5 years or a range between any two of them.

[0079] Furthermore, the mud pieces are harvested when they grow to a length of 5-8 cm (for example, but not limited to, any one of 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm or 8 cm, or a range between any two of them).

[0080] Furthermore, the harvesting includes: placing bait on the upper culture soil of the mudfish apartment at low tide to lure the mudfish out of the hole to feed, and capturing the mudfish that come out of the hole to feed to complete the harvesting. Using bait as a trap saves labor and effort in harvesting, and reduces production costs; the harvesting process does not damage the mangrove root system. Each time the trapping bait is put in, the weight of the trapped mudfish is calculated based on the number of mudfish put in, and some adult mudfish in the mudfish apartment can be retained for seed preservation. The remaining mudfish can mate and lay eggs on their own, and the mudfish eggs and seedlings will not drift away with the rising and falling tides. There is no need to put in seedlings every period, and sustainable harvesting is possible.

[0081] Furthermore, the bait includes: at least one of decomposed tung oil cake fertilizer, peanut oil cake or soybean meal.

[0082] In some specific embodiments, the harvesting includes: at low tide, spreading decomposed tung oil fertilizer as bait on the surface of the upper culture soil in the mud minnow apartment, and placing a cylindrical transparent mud minnow catcher on the wall of the mud minnow apartment and the surface of the culture soil, and filling the inner surface of the catcher with decomposed tung oil fertilizer. After 0.5 to 1 hour, when the mud minnows come out of the hole to feed, they automatically enter the catcher. The catcher is set to have a space that can accommodate 50 mud minnows. Through 2 to 3 harvests, only the mud minnows that meet the harvesting standards are harvested, those smaller than 5 cm are released, and the rest can continue to be bred and reproduced.

[0083] In some specific embodiments, the harvesting includes: filling a coconut palm wire mesh with a mesh size of 0.5 cm with decomposed tung oil fertilizer to make a sachet, placing it on the surface of the mud minnow apartment at low tide, and the mud minnows will drill into the sachet when they come out of the hole to feed, and the sachet will be retrieved after 3 to 5 days for harvesting; each mud minnow apartment is harvested in rotation, with an interval of 1 to 2 months between two harvests; after multiple seedling harvesting, the adult mud minnows retained in the mud minnow apartment will spawn and reproduce on their own, and only the mud minnows that meet the harvesting standards will be harvested, and those smaller than 5 cm will be released.

[0084] When the number of mud shrimp seedlings in the mud shrimp apartment is insufficient after multiple harvests, the mud shrimp seedlings can be supplemented and the breeding cycle can be continued.

[0085] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to a method for repairing damaged mangrove tidal flats, including the above-mentioned mud shrimp cultivation method based on mangrove tidal flats.

[0086] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are specified in the examples, the conditions are carried out according to normal conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] The method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0089] (1) Select a suitable estuarine mangrove tidal flat as the breeding base. The best location is the confluence of fresh and salt water in the estuary. The bottom is not limited, and muddy and sandy bottom is preferred. The salinity is 5-22. The top of the mud flat arranged in the mangrove forest is 8 cm above the beach surface, and the top of the mud flat arranged on the bare beach outside the forest is 13 cm above the beach surface.

[0090] (2) Installation of mud flats. This implementation case includes two methods: cultivation under mature mangrove forests and cultivation on bare beaches outside the forest edge. When installing, the top of the flats must be above water for more than 8 hours a day. The depth of the flats buried underground can be adjusted according to different elevations.

[0091] When cultivating under mature mangrove forests, type A mud apartments and type C mud apartments are placed in the forest clearing. The placement density is based on the growth status and density of the mangrove plants. When the forest clearing is large, the distance between the two apartments is about 25cm, and the container arrangement is at a 45-degree angle to the dominant water flow direction of the rising and falling tides;

[0092] When breeding on a bare beach outside the forest edge, type B mud flats are arranged in rows along the forest edge and outward along the beach contour line, with the long axis direction forming a 45-degree angle with the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides. The distance between two adjacent mud flats in the same row is 40 cm, and the distance between adjacent rows is 150 cm. Adjacent rows of apartments are staggered.

[0093] (3) The container is filled with culture soil. The culture soil filled in the mud apartment includes, from bottom to top, a lower layer of culture soil and an upper layer of culture soil. The lower layer of culture soil includes: silty tidal flat sediments, farmyard manure and soybean meal. The upper layer of culture soil includes: soil from the original mangrove forest. The filling height of the upper layer of culture soil is 10-20 cm. The mud seedlings are placed between the lower layer of culture soil and the upper layer of culture soil. The filling height of the culture soil is 4 cm below the top of the mud apartment.

[0094] (4) placing seedlings, the seedlings being edible starfish (Phascolosoma esculenta), and placing the prepared mud lizard seedlings into the mud lizard apartments, with 280 seedlings placed in each type A mud lizard apartment, type C mud lizard apartment, and type D mud lizard apartment, and 550 seedlings placed in each type B mud lizard apartment;

[0095] (5) Covering net: The top opening of the mud apartment is covered with a synthetic fiber net with a mesh size of 0.5 cm;

[0096] (6) Management and maintenance: Check the growth status of the mud lilies at irregular intervals after low tide and observe whether there is water accumulation in the culture container. If there is water accumulation, a drainage ditch should be opened between two rows of containers to assist the rapid drainage of the tidal flat and the container; check the hole morphology at low tide half a month after planting to identify the holes dug by the mud lilies in the mud lily apartment. If 90% of the holes are vertical holes, it means that the mud lilies have fully adapted to the environment. If half of the holes are horizontal holes, it means that they have not yet fully adapted to the environment, and the culture soil needs to be replaced to accelerate their adaptation to the environment;

[0097] (7) Feeding and harvesting: 2 months after seedlings are released, add decomposed tung oil fertilizer, peanut oil cake, soybean meal, etc. as feed to the lower layer of culture soil at low tide twice a month. After 1 to 1.5 years of culture, harvest the 5-8 cm long mud fry.

[0098] Harvesting method: At low tide, spread decomposed tung oil fertilizer as bait on the surface of the upper culture soil in the mud minnow apartment. At the same time, place a cylindrical transparent mud minnow catcher on the container wall and the surface of the upper culture soil. The inner surface of the catcher is coated with tung oil fertilizer. After 0.5 to 1 hour, when the mud minnows come out of the hole to feed, they will automatically enter the catcher. The catcher is set to have a space that can accommodate 50 mud minnows. After 2-3 harvests, only the mud minnows that meet the harvesting standards are harvested, and those smaller than 5 cm will be released, and the rest can continue to be bred.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] The method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0101] (1) Select a suitable estuarine mangrove tidal flat as the breeding base. The best location is the confluence of fresh and salt water in the estuary. The bottom is not limited, and muddy and sandy bottom is preferred. The salinity is 5-22. The top of the mud flat arranged in the mangrove forest is 5 cm above the beach surface, and the top of the mud flat arranged on the bare beach outside the forest is 10 cm above the beach surface.

[0102] (2) Installation of mud flats. This implementation case includes two methods: cultivation under mature mangrove forests and cultivation on bare beaches outside the forest edge. When installing, the top of the flats must be above water for more than 8 hours a day. The depth of the flats buried underground can be adjusted according to different elevations.

[0103] When cultivating under mature mangrove forests, type A mud apartments and type C mud apartments are placed in the forest clearing. The placement density is based on the growth status and density of the mangrove plants. When the forest clearing is large, the distance between the two apartments is about 20cm, and the container arrangement is at a 45-degree angle to the dominant water flow direction of the rising and falling tides;

[0104] When breeding on a bare beach outside the forest edge, arrange the B-type mud flats in rows along the beach contour lines from the forest edge to the outside, with the long axis forming a 45-degree angle with the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides. The distance between two adjacent mud flats in the same row is 30 cm, and the distance between adjacent rows is 100 cm. Adjacent rows of apartments are staggered.

[0105] (3) The container is filled with culture soil. The culture soil filled in the mud apartment includes, from bottom to top, a lower layer of culture soil and an upper layer of culture soil. The lower layer of culture soil includes: silty tidal flat sediments, farmyard manure and soybean meal. The upper layer of culture soil includes: soil from the original mangrove forest. The filling height of the upper layer of culture soil is 10-20 cm. The mud seedlings are placed on the surface of the upper layer of culture soil. The filling height of the culture soil is 5 cm below the top of the mud apartment.

[0106] (4) placing seedlings, the seedlings being Phascolosoma esculenta, into the mud worm apartments, 250 of which are placed in each type A mud worm apartment, type C mud worm apartment, and type D mud worm apartment, and 500 of which are placed in each type B mud worm apartment;

[0107] (5) to (6) are the same as in Example 1;

[0108] (7) Feeding and harvesting: 2 months after seedlings are released, add decomposed tung oil fertilizer, peanut oil cake, soybean meal, etc. as feed to the surface of the upper culture soil at low tide once a month; after 1 to 1.5 years of culture, harvest the 5-8 cm long mud fry;

[0109] Harvesting method: Fill a coconut palm mesh with a mesh size of 0.5 cm with decomposed tung oil fertilizer to make a sachet, and place it on the surface of the mud minnow apartment at low tide. The mud minnows will drill into the sachet when they come out of the hole to feed. Retrieve the sachet after 3 to 5 days for harvesting; each mud minnow apartment is harvested in rotation, with an interval of 1 to 2 months between two harvests; after multiple seedling harvesting, only the mud minnows that meet the harvesting standards are harvested, and those smaller than 5 cm will be released. The adult mud minnows retained in the mud minnow apartment will lay eggs and reproduce on their own.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] The method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0112] (1) Select a suitable estuarine mangrove tidal flat as the breeding base. The best location is the confluence of fresh and salt water in the estuary. The bottom is not limited, and muddy and sandy bottom is preferred. The salinity is 5-22. The top of the mud flat arranged in the mangrove forest is 10 cm above the beach surface, and the top of the mud flat arranged on the bare beach outside the forest is 15 cm above the beach surface.

[0113] (2) Installation of mud flats. This implementation case includes two methods: cultivation under mature mangrove forests and cultivation on bare beaches outside the forest edge. When installing, the top of the flats must be above water for more than 8 hours a day. The depth of the flats buried underground can be adjusted according to different elevations.

[0114] When cultivating under mature mangrove forests, type A mud apartments and type C mud apartments are placed in the forest clearing. The placement density is based on the growth status and density of the mangrove plants. When the forest clearing is large, the distance between the two apartments is about 30cm, and the container arrangement is at a 45-degree angle to the dominant water flow direction of the rising and falling tides;

[0115] When breeding on a bare beach outside the forest edge, type B mud flats are arranged in rows along the forest edge and outward along the beach contour line, with the long axis direction forming a 45-degree angle with the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides. The distance between two adjacent mud flats in the same row is 50 cm, and the distance between adjacent rows is 200 cm. Adjacent rows of apartments are staggered.

[0116] (3) The container is filled with culture soil. The culture soil filled in the mud apartment includes, from bottom to top, a lower layer of culture soil and an upper layer of culture soil. The lower layer of culture soil includes: silty tidal flat sediments, farmyard manure and soybean meal. The upper layer of culture soil includes: soil from the original mangrove forest. The filling height of the upper layer of culture soil is 10-20 cm. The mud seedlings are placed between the lower layer of culture soil and the upper layer of culture soil. The filling height of the culture soil is 3 cm below the top of the mud apartment.

[0117] (4) placing seedlings, the seedlings being Phascolosoma esculenta, into the mud worm apartments, 300 of which are placed in each type A mud worm apartment, type C mud worm apartment, and type D mud worm apartment, and 600 of which are placed in each type B mud worm apartment;

[0118] (5)~(7) are the same as Example 1.

[0119] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with specific embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, this means that all such replacements and modifications within the scope of the present invention are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (a) Using estuarine mangrove tidal flats as aquaculture bases, and setting up mud flats inside and outside the mangroves; The mud apartment is filled with culture soil; the top of the mud apartment is exposed on the beach surface; (b) placing mud lily seedlings into the mud lily apartment for cultivation and care; (c) Harvest the mud cakes after they are mature.

2. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the mud apartments are arranged in the mangrove forest, the distance between two adjacent mud apartments is 20 to 30 cm, and the horizontal direction of the mud apartments is at an angle of 40 to 50 degrees to the direction of the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides; And / or, when the mud apartments are arranged on the bare beach outside the mangrove forest, the mud apartments are arranged in rows along the edge of the forest and along the contour lines of the beach, the horizontal direction of the mud apartments forms an angle of 40 to 50 degrees with the dominant water flow of the rising and falling tides, the distance between two adjacent mud apartments in the same row is 30 to 50 cm, the distance between the mud apartments in adjacent rows is 100 to 200 cm, and the mud apartments in adjacent rows are staggered.

3. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes at least one of the following technical features: (1) The top of the mud flat is exposed above the beach surface for ≥ 8 hours per day; (2) The top of the mud flats arranged in the mangrove forest is exposed 5 to 10 cm above the beach surface; (3) The top of the mud flats arranged on the bare beach outside the mangrove forest is exposed 10 to 15 cm above the beach surface.

4. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mud apartment has an opening at the top and drainage holes are arranged on the wall of the mud apartment; Preferably, the height of the mud apartment is 30 to 50 cm.

5. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture soil filled in the mud apartment includes, from bottom to top, a lower layer of culture soil and an upper layer of culture soil.

6. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filling height of the upper culture soil is 30 to 50 cm; And / or, the filling height of the culture soil is 3 to 5 cm lower than the top of the mud apartment.

7. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower layer of culture soil includes: silty tidal flat sediments, farmyard manure and a first nutrient; the first nutrient includes: soybean meal and / or oil cake; The upper culture soil includes: soil from mangrove forests.

8. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 1, characterized in that: 250 to 300 mud saplings are placed in each mud sapling apartment arranged in the mangrove forest; And / or, 500-600 mudskipper seedlings are placed in each of the mudskipper apartments arranged on the bare beach outside the mangrove forest.

9. The method for cultivating mud shrimp based on mangrove tidal flats according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harvesting comprises: placing bait on the upper layer of the culture soil of the mud minnow apartment at low tide to lure the mud minnows out of the hole to eat, and catching the mud minnows that have come out of the hole to eat, thereby completing the harvesting; The bait comprises: at least one of decomposed tung oil cake fertilizer, peanut oil cake or soybean meal.

10. A method for repairing a damaged mangrove tidal flat, characterized in that: The invention comprises the method for cultivating mudskippers based on mangrove tidal flats as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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