Tunnel blasting charging process and equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of tunnel blasting, and particularly discloses a tunnel blasting charging process and equipment, the equipment comprises a rack, and a charging mechanism comprises a supporting plate slidably connected to a sliding plate in the transverse direction, an ejector rod arranged above the supporting plate and a partition piece detachably connected to the ejector rod; the ejector rod comprises a fixed part used for installing the partition piece and a movable part detachably connected to the fixed part. The filling mechanism comprises a sliding rod slidably connected to the sliding plate in the transverse direction and a filling head detachably connected to the end of the sliding rod, the filling head is in a circular truncated cone shape, the large-diameter end of the filling head is connected with the sliding rod, a mud outlet hole is formed in the middle of the filling head, and a channel used for being communicated with the mud outlet hole is formed in the middle of the sliding rod. A first pressure sensor is embedded in the side wall of the packing head in the circumferential direction of the packing head. The large-diameter end of the filling head is provided with a notch allowing the movable part to be embedded therein, and the notch is filled with a filling block. By means of the scheme, the problem that whether the explosive is filled into the position where the water bag is located or not is difficult to judge in the filling process can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of tunnel blasting, and in particular relates to a tunnel blasting charging process and equipment. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel and underground engineering, blasting design is a key link to ensure construction safety and efficiency. During the construction process, high-precision drilling technology (drilling blastholes) and strict explosive installation and filling measures are used to ensure the smooth progress of blasting operations. Hydraulic blasting is a common form of blasting operations, that is, while filling the blasthole with explosives, water bags are also filled into the blastholes. After the water bags and explosives are filled, it is necessary to fill the blasthole opening with gun mud so that the gun mud completely closes the blasthole opening. After that, the incompressibility of the blasting shock wave to water is used to transfer the explosion energy losslessly through water to the rock wall around the blasthole, producing a "water vapor" effect, reducing the attenuation of the blasting shock wave, and improving the effective energy utilization rate of the explosives. Based on this, the purpose of energy saving, cost reduction, and efficiency improvement is achieved, and the water mist generated after the explosion is conducive to dust reduction and adsorption of harmful and toxic gases.

[0003] During the actual loading process, after the water bag is sent into the blasthole, when loading the explosives, it is difficult to determine whether the explosives are loaded to the position of the water bag. If the explosives are not tightly pressed against the water bag, it will affect the explosion effect; if the explosives squeeze the water bag too much, and the water bag is rubbed by the inner wall of the blasthole, the water bag will easily break, which will also affect the blasting. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel blasting charging process and equipment to solve the problem that it is difficult to judge whether the explosives are loaded to the position of the water bag during the loading process.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] Tunnel blasting charging equipment comprises a frame, a slide plate is vertically slidably connected to the frame, a charging mechanism and a filling mechanism are installed on the slide plate, the charging mechanism comprises a support plate connected to the slide plate along a transverse sliding manner, a push rod arranged above the support plate and a partition piece detachably connected to the push rod, at least two partition pieces are provided, the push rod comprises a fixed part for installing the partition piece and a movable part detachably connected to the fixed part, the movable part is detachably connected to the slide plate along a transverse sliding manner; the filling mechanism comprises a sliding rod connected to the slide plate along a transverse sliding manner and a filling head detachably connected to the end of the sliding rod, the filling head is truncated cone-shaped and the large diameter end of the filling head is connected to the sliding rod, a mud outlet hole is provided in the middle of the filling head, a channel for communicating with the mud outlet hole is provided in the middle of the sliding rod, a mud inlet hole communicating with the channel is provided on the side wall of the sliding rod, and a first pressure sensor is embedded in the side wall of the filling head along its circumference; a notch is provided at the large diameter end of the filling head for the movable part to be embedded, and the notch is filled with a filling block.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] 1. In this scheme, water bags or explosives are placed on the pallet in advance, and the water bags or explosives on both sides of the pallet are limited by the partitions on the top rod to ensure that the water bags and explosives on the pallet are in a tight state. Then the pallet and the top rod are sent into the blast hole at the same time to complete the loading of the water bag and explosives in the blast hole.

[0009] 2. After taking out the support plate, the water bag and explosives in the blast hole are restricted by the push rod. At this time, the filling head is sent into the blast hole and abutted against the outermost partition piece to ensure that the gun mud is filled from here, thereby ensuring that the gun mud is fully filled, and then the movable part of the push rod can be taken out.

[0010] After taking out the movable part, fill the filling block in the notch of the filling head, and then start to transport the gun mud into the blasthole through the channel in the sliding rod and the mud outlet hole on the filling head. Through the shape setting of the filling head, after the gun mud is discharged from the end of the filling head, when the end face of the filling head is filled, the gun mud will be squeezed by the filling head and filled toward the side wall of the filling head, and then fill the space between the side wall of the filling head and the inner wall of the blasthole. The filling density of the gun mud can be detected by the first pressure sensor, and then the filling head can be gradually slid out of the blasthole to gradually complete the filling of the gun mud, avoid the formation of gaps between the side wall of the filling head and the inner wall of the blasthole, and ensure the density of the filling.

[0011] In this scheme, through the design of the filling mechanism, it can be ensured that the gun mud completely fills the inner wall of the blasthole starting from the partition piece, and there is good sealing between the inner wall of the blasthole, laying a solid foundation for subsequent blasting.

[0012] Furthermore, the support plate includes a plurality of supporting parts which are detachably connected together along the length direction thereof.

[0013] Furthermore, the support plate is in a semicircular arc shape.

[0014] Furthermore, connecting rods are fixed on both sides of the support plate, the axes of the connecting rods are parallel to the sliding direction of the support plate, and through holes for the connecting rods to pass through are opened on the partition plate.

[0015] Furthermore, a locking piece for locking the position of the partition piece is installed on the top rod.

[0016] Furthermore, a mounting ring is sleeved on the slide rod, and the filling block is fixed on the mounting ring.

[0017] Furthermore, a groove is formed at the end of the movable part, an inserting block for inserting into the groove is fixed at the end of the fixed part, a magnetic block is fixed on the inserting block, and an electromagnet for attracting the magnetic block is fixed in the groove.

[0018] Furthermore, a second pressure sensor is fixed in the groove.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0020] The tunnel blasting charging process, using the tunnel blasting charging equipment, includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. According to the length of the blasthole, select a suitable number of supporting parts to connect and form a support plate, pass the connecting rod through the hole on a partition plate, and make the partition plate located on the side close to the movable part and fixed, and the top rod is located directly above the support plate;

[0022] S2. Place water bags and explosives on the pallet, the water bags and explosives are arranged alternately and abutted in sequence, both sides of the pallet are water bags, and a second partition piece is installed so that the water bags on both sides abut against the two partition pieces respectively;

[0023] S3, slide the support plate and the ejector rod to move the support plate and the water bag and explosives on the support plate into the blast hole;

[0024] S4, keep the top rod stationary, slide the support plate out of the blast hole, and the connecting rod slides out of the blast hole accordingly;

[0025] S5, taking out the filling block from the gap of the filling head, sending the filling head into the blast hole, and abutting it against the partition sheet, then taking out the movable part, and then filling the filling block into the gap;

[0026] S6. Prepare the gun mud, feed it into the mud inlet hole on the slide bar, discharge it along the channel and mud outlet hole, and then gradually slide the plugging head toward the outside of the gun hole so that the gun mud fills the circumference of the side wall of the plugging head until the plugging head slides out of the gun hole.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] In this solution, water bags or explosives are placed on the support plate to ensure that the water bags and explosives on the support plate are in a tight state to avoid inadequate filling. In addition, through the design of the filling mechanism, it can be ensured that the gun mud completely fills the inner wall of the blast hole from the partition piece, and has good sealing between the inner wall of the blast hole, laying a solid foundation for subsequent blasting.

[0029] Further, in step S6, the filling depth of the taphole mud in the taphole is not less than 0.5 meters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A.

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the support plate and the connecting rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the plugging head in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. slide plate; 2. slide bar; 3. mounting ring; 4. filling block; 5. mounting plate; 6. supporting part; 7. support plate; 8. partition plate; 9. water bag; 10. explosive; 11. movable part; 12. fixed part; 13. filling head; 14. push rod; 15. plug rod; 16. nut; 17. plug block; 18. second pressure sensor; 19. electromagnet; 20. connecting rod; 21. notch; 22. mud outlet hole; 23. mud inlet hole; 24. channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and specific implementation methods are given.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the tunnel blasting charging equipment includes a frame, a slide plate 1 is vertically slidably connected to the frame, and a charging mechanism and a filling mechanism are installed on the slide plate 1. In the actual design process, the frame can be designed in the form of a cart for easy movement. A cylinder for driving the slide plate 1 to slide is installed on the frame. The height of the charging mechanism and the filling mechanism is adjusted by sliding the slide plate 1 to adapt to the charging of blast holes in different positions.

[0037] The charging mechanism includes a support plate 7 connected to the slide plate 1 in a lateral sliding manner, a push rod 14 arranged above the support plate 7, and a partition plate 8 detachably connected to the push rod 14. In the actual design process, in order to avoid interference between the support plate 7 and the filling mechanism, a support rod is connected to the slide plate 1 in a vertical sliding manner, a mounting plate 5 is fixed on the support rod, a cylinder for driving the support rod to slide is installed on the slide plate 1, and a cylinder for driving the support rod to slide is installed on the mounting plate 5. Through the setting of the support rod, there is a certain distance between the mounting plate 5 and the slide plate 1. In the initial state, the filling mechanism is located between the mounting plate 5 and the slide plate 1. When the support plate 7 completes the conveying work, the support rod slides downward, so that the mounting plate 5 drives the support plate 7 to move downward and is no longer located on the movement path of the filling mechanism, thereby avoiding interference between the support plate 7 and the filling mechanism. The support plate 7 is semicircular in shape to facilitate the placement of the water bag 9 or the explosive 10.

[0038] At least two partition pieces 8 are provided. In this embodiment, taking two partition pieces 8 as an example, the two partition pieces 8 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the support plate 7 where the water bag 9 or the explosive 10 is placed, so as to limit the position of the water bag 9 or the explosive 10 on the support plate 7. A locking member for locking the position of the partition piece 8 is installed on the top rod 14. Specifically, the locking member includes a plug rod 15 fixed on the partition piece 8 and a nut 16 threadedly connected to the plug rod 15. The top rod 14 is provided with a plurality of insertion holes for the insertion of the plug rod 15 along its axial direction, so that the plug rod 15 can be inserted into the insertion hole at a suitable position. After the plug rod 15 is inserted into the insertion hole, it is locked by the nut 16.

[0039] The top rod 14 includes a fixed portion 12 for mounting the partition plate 8 and a movable portion 11 detachably connected to the fixed portion 12. The movable portion 11 is slidably connected to the slide plate 1 in a transverse direction. Figure 2 As shown, a groove is provided at the end of the movable part 11, and an insert block 17 for inserting into the groove is fixed at the end of the fixed part 12, a magnetic block is fixed on the insert block 17, and an electromagnet 19 for attracting the magnetic block is fixed in the groove. In the actual design process, the power cord of the electromagnet 19 can be buried in the fixed part 12 so as to be connected to an external power supply after passing through the fixed part 12. When the movable part 11 and the fixed part 12 are connected, the push rod 14 can move toward the blast hole together, and when the movable part 11 and the fixed part 12 are disconnected, the movable part 11 can be taken out of the blast hole, and the fixed part 12 is left in the blast hole, and the movable part 11 can be reused. A cylinder for driving the movable part 11 to slide is installed on the slide plate 1, and the partition pieces 8 are all installed on the fixed part 12.

[0040] The stuffing mechanism includes a slide bar 2 slidably connected to the slide plate 1 in the transverse direction and a stuffing head 13 detachably connected to the end of the slide bar 2. A cylinder for driving the slide bar 2 to slide is installed on the slide plate 1. The stuffing head 13 is truncated and the large diameter end of the stuffing head 13 is connected to the slide bar 2. Specifically, the large diameter end of the stuffing head 13 is provided with a threaded hole for threaded connection with the slide bar 2. Figure 4 As shown, a mud outlet hole 22 is opened in the middle of the plugging head 13, a channel 24 for communicating with the mud outlet hole 22 is opened in the middle of the slide rod 2, a mud inlet hole 23 connected with the channel 24 is opened on the side wall of the slide rod 2, and a first pressure sensor is embedded in the side wall of the plugging head 13 along its circumference.

[0041] A notch 21 is provided at the large diameter end of the filling head 13 for the movable part 11 to be embedded in, and the notch 21 is filled with a filling block 4. Specifically, a mounting ring 3 is sleeved on the slide bar 2, and the filling block 4 is fixed on the mounting ring 3. A cylinder for driving the mounting ring 3 to slide is installed on the slide plate 1. Specifically, in order to avoid interference between the filling block 4 and the push rod 14, the mounting ring 3 can rotate relative to the slide bar 2, and an annular groove is provided on the end face of the mounting ring 3. The output shaft of the cylinder is slidably connected in the annular groove, so that the mounting ring 3 can rotate relative to the cylinder, and the mounting ring 3 and the output shaft of the cylinder are bolted. When the filling block 4 is located below the slide rod 2, it will not interfere with the push rod 14. When it needs to be filled into the filling head 13, the mounting ring 3 is first driven by the cylinder to slide, so that the filling block 4 moves to the left until it does not interfere with the movable part 11 of the push rod 14. After the connection between the mounting ring 3 and the cylinder is released, the filling block 4 is rotated to the top of the slide rod 2, and then the output shaft of the cylinder and the mounting ring 3 are reconnected. Then, the mounting ring 3 is continued to be driven by the cylinder to slide, so that the filling block 4 is filled into the filling head 13.

[0042] In another embodiment of the present invention, the support plate 7 includes a plurality of supporting parts 6 that are detachably connected together along its length direction. Specifically, adjacent supporting parts 6 are connected together by means of snap-fitting or bolting. According to the actual length of the blast hole, the number of connected supporting parts 6 can be selected to match the length of the blast hole.

[0043] In another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 As shown, connecting rods 20 are fixed on both sides of the support plate 7, and the axis of the connecting rod 20 is parallel to the sliding direction of the support plate 7. A through hole is opened on the partition plate 8 for the connecting rod 20 to pass through. Through the setting of the connecting rod 20, the connecting rod 20, the top rod 14, and the support plate 7 are together surrounded by the outside of the water bag 9 and the explosive 10, so that the water bag 9 and the explosive 10 will not contact the inner wall of the blast hole when they are sent into the blast hole, avoiding damage to the water bag 9 due to friction. In addition, the connecting rod 20 also has a certain degree of limiting effect on the partition plate 8.

[0044] In another embodiment of the present invention, a second pressure sensor 18 is fixed in the groove. When the end of the fixed portion 12 abuts against the bottom wall of the borehole, the movable portion 11 continues to slide, and the pressure signal of the second pressure sensor 18 increases. At this time, it can be explained that the charging mechanism has moved to the specified position in the borehole, and the tray 7 can be started to be removed.

[0045] The tunnel blasting charging process, using the tunnel blasting charging equipment described in any of the above embodiments, comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. According to the length of the blasthole, select a suitable number of supporting parts 6 to connect and form a support plate 7. Pass the connecting rod 20 through a through hole on a partition piece 8, and insert the insertion rod 15 of the partition piece 8 into the insertion hole at a suitable position on the top rod 14, so that the partition piece 8 is located on the side close to the movable part 11, and then lock it with the nut 16, and the top rod 14 is located directly above the support plate 7.

[0047] S2. Place water bags 9 and explosives 10 on the support plate 7. The water bags 9 and explosives 10 are arranged alternately and abutted in sequence. There are water bags 9 on both sides of the support plate 7. Then, connect the second partition piece 8 to the end of the top rod 14. The two partition pieces 8 clamp all the water bags 9 and explosives 10 therein, and the water bags 9 on both sides abut against the two partition pieces 8 respectively.

[0048] S3, slide the support plate 7 and the push rod 14, and send the support plate 7 and the water bag 9 and explosives 10 on the support plate 7 into the blast hole. According to the detection signal of the second pressure sensor 18, it is determined whether the support plate 7 reaches the specified position in the blast hole.

[0049] S4, the push rod 14 remains stationary, the support plate 7 is slid out of the blast hole, the connecting rod 20 is also taken out from the perforation on the partition plate 8, and slides out of the blast hole with the support plate 7. At this time, the push rod 14 and the partition plate 8 are both located in the blast hole.

[0050] S5. Take out the filling block 4 from the gap 21 of the filling head 13, that is, keep the mounting ring 3 stationary, slide the slide rod 2, send the filling head 13 into the blast hole, and abut against the outermost partition piece 8 to prevent the water bag 9 and explosive 10 in the blast hole from moving. At this time, slide the movable part 11, take out the movable part 11 from the blast hole, and then fill the filling block 4 into the gap 21. Specifically, first drive the mounting ring 3 to slide, so that the filling block 4 moves to the left and does not interfere with the movable part 11 of the push rod 14, then release the connection between the mounting ring 3 and the cylinder, rotate the filling block 4 to the top of the slide rod 2, and then reconnect the output shaft of the cylinder and the mounting ring 3, and then continue to drive the mounting ring 3 to slide, so that the filling block 4 is filled into the filling head 13.

[0051] S6. Prepare the cannon mud, feed it into the mud inlet hole 23 on the slide bar 2, and discharge it along the channel 24 and the mud outlet hole 22. According to the signal of the first pressure sensor, gradually slide the plugging head 13 toward the outside of the blasthole, so that the cannon mud is filled in the circumference of the side wall of the plugging head 13 until the plugging head 13 slides out of the blasthole. The filling depth of the cannon mud in the blasthole is not less than 0.5 meters.

[0052] Among them, cannon mud is mainly composed of clay, sand and drinking water. Clay should be clean and free of impurities. The water content should be controlled within a certain range (such as not more than 8%), and the maximum particle size should be less than 10mm. Sand should be clean fine sand, and river sand should be used as much as possible. The water content should not be too high (such as not more than 3%). Clay, sand and drinking water are mixed in a certain proportion. Common mixing ratios include clay: sand: drinking water = 0.80: 0.05: 0.15 or 0.75: 0.09: 0.16, etc. The specific ratio can be adjusted according to actual conditions to ensure the cohesiveness and plasticity of cannon mud. The weighed clay, sand and drinking water are added to the mixer in turn, first dry mixed and then wet mixed. The mixing time is determined according to the equipment performance and the characteristics of the raw materials. Generally, it is necessary to stir until the mixture is uniform and there are no dry material lumps. The cannon mud after molding needs to be cured and dried to remove excess water and enhance strength. The curing conditions (such as temperature and humidity) should be determined according to the specific situation. Generally, it can be used only after the surface of the cannon mud is dry and the internal strength reaches a certain level.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Tunnel blasting charging equipment, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame, a slide plate is connected to the frame along a vertical sliding manner, a charging mechanism and a filling mechanism are installed on the slide plate, the charging mechanism comprises a support plate connected to the slide plate along a horizontal sliding manner, a push rod arranged above the support plate and a partition piece detachably connected to the push rod, the partition piece is provided with at least two, the push rod comprises a fixed part for installing the partition piece and a movable part detachably connected to the fixed part, the movable part is connected to the slide plate along a horizontal sliding manner; the filling mechanism comprises a sliding rod connected to the slide plate along a horizontal sliding manner and a filling head detachably connected to the end of the sliding rod, the filling head is truncated cone-shaped and the large diameter end of the filling head is connected to the sliding rod, a mud outlet hole is opened in the middle of the filling head, a channel for communicating with the mud outlet hole is opened in the middle of the sliding rod, a mud inlet hole communicating with the channel is opened on the side wall of the sliding rod, and a first pressure sensor is embedded in the side wall of the filling head along its circumference; a notch is opened at the large diameter end of the filling head for the movable part to be embedded, and the notch is filled with a filling block.

2. The tunnel blasting charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate comprises a plurality of supporting parts which are detachably connected together along the length direction thereof.

3. The tunnel blasting charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting plate is in a semicircular arc shape.

4. The tunnel blasting charging equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: Connecting rods are fixed on both sides of the support plate, the axes of the connecting rods are parallel to the sliding direction of the support plate, and through holes for the connecting rods to pass through are opened on the partition plate.

5. The tunnel blasting charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking piece for locking the position of the partition piece is installed on the top rod.

6. The tunnel blasting charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting ring is sleeved on the slide bar, and the filling block is fixed on the mounting ring.

7. The tunnel blasting charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the movable part is provided with a groove, the end of the fixed part is fixed with an inserting block for inserting into the groove, a magnetic block is fixed on the inserting block, and an electromagnet for attracting the magnetic block is fixed in the groove.

8. The tunnel blasting charging equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second pressure sensor is also fixed in the groove.

9. Tunnel blasting charging process, characterized in that: Using the tunnel blasting charging equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S1. According to the length of the blasthole, select a suitable number of supporting parts to connect and form a support plate, pass the connecting rod through the hole on a partition plate, and make the partition plate located on the side close to the movable part and fixed, and the top rod is located directly above the support plate; S2. Place water bags and explosives on the pallet, the water bags and explosives are arranged alternately and abutted in sequence, both sides of the pallet are water bags, and a second partition piece is installed so that the water bags on both sides abut against the two partition pieces respectively; S3, slide the support plate and the ejector rod to move the support plate and the water bag and explosives on the support plate into the blast hole; S4, keep the top rod stationary, slide the support plate out of the blast hole, and the connecting rod slides out of the blast hole accordingly; S5, taking out the filling block from the gap of the filling head, sending the filling head into the blast hole, and abutting it against the partition sheet, then taking out the movable part, and then filling the filling block into the gap; S6. Prepare the gun mud, feed it into the mud inlet hole on the slide bar, discharge it along the channel and mud outlet hole, and then gradually slide the plugging head toward the outside of the gun hole so that the gun mud fills the circumference of the side wall of the plugging head until the plugging head slides out of the gun hole.

10. The tunnel blasting charging process according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S6, the filling depth of the taphole mud in the taphole is not less than 0.5 meters.

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