A multi-domain and multi-link transmission method for airport ground-to-air data

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-domain multi-link transmission method for airport ground-to-air data, which belongs to the field of aviation communication technology and solves the problems of limited bandwidth, insufficient coverage, communication delay and limited anti-interference ability in the prior art. The method comprises: step S1, establishing a multi-link transmission system and a dynamic routing selection system between an aircraft system and a ground system; step S2, a flight crew of the aircraft system selects an optimal transmission path in the multi-link transmission system through the dynamic routing selection system to send a data request to the ground system; step S3, the ground system obtains a processing result, and returns the data of the processing result to the aircraft system via the dynamic routing selection system selecting an optimal transmission path in the multi-link transmission system; step S4, the aircraft system obtains processed information, and makes flight adjustments and decisions; step S5, during the flight of the aircraft, the aircraft system and the ground system continuously repeat the above steps S2 to S4 until the flight ends.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aviation communication technology, and in particular to a multi-domain and multi-link transmission method for airport ground-to-air data. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the aviation transportation industry, the existing aviation communication system cannot meet the growing data communication needs of air traffic control and airlines. In order to ensure real-time and efficient data transmission between the ground and the air and improve the operating efficiency of airlines, the field of aviation communication technology has proposed the interconnected aircraft technology.

[0003] The current aviation communication system mainly relies on traditional narrowband-based VHF radio communication, radar, satellite communication and other methods. However, in response to the needs of modern aviation communication, it faces challenges such as limited spectrum resources, limited bandwidth, insufficient coverage, communication delays, limited anti-interference capabilities, system compatibility issues, and insufficient security and reliability. These problems make it difficult for existing systems to support high-speed data transmission, wide coverage in remote areas and over the ocean, and reliable communication in complex environments.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent application, publication number CN107509166A, titled "Method and system for multi-link switching synchronization gateway based on ground-to-air communication", discloses a ground-to-air communication system, in which the three communication links with the ground network system can be switched by an onboard communication server according to the flight altitude and longitude and latitude. However, this method is not enough to meet the situation where more communication links need to be switched in addition to altitude and longitude and latitude during the flight of the aircraft.

[0005] The Chinese invention patent application, publication number CN116887280A, "Method, device, equipment and medium for allocating uplink resources in ground-to-air communication network", discloses a ground-to-air communication method in which communication bandwidth resource allocation is determined based on network load. However, this method does not address more situations in which communication links need to be switched during the flight of an aircraft, other than network load.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need in the technical field for a ground-to-air data transmission method with wide coverage, high communication efficiency, high anti-interference capability and high reliability. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-domain and multi-link transmission method for airport ground-to-air data, which aims to optimize the transmission data path by combining emerging communication technologies with existing aviation communication functions, thereby achieving real-time and efficient ground-to-air data transmission, improving flight safety, and improving the operating efficiency of airlines.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for multi-domain and multi-link transmission of airport ground-to-air data is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1, establishing a multi-link transmission system and a dynamic route selection system between an aircraft system and a ground system, for selecting an optimal transmission path and transmitting ground-to-air data through the optimal transmission path;

[0010] Step S2, the flight crew of the aircraft system initiates a data request, and selects the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system through the dynamic routing selection system to send the data request to the ground system;

[0011] Step S3, the ground system receives the data request and processes it to obtain a processing result, and selects the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system through the dynamic routing selection system to return the data of the processing result to the aircraft system;

[0012] Step S4, the aircraft system receives the processing result, processes it to obtain processed information, and makes flight adjustments and decisions based on the processed information;

[0013] Step S5, during the flight of the aircraft, the aircraft system and the ground system continuously repeat the above steps S2 to S4 until the flight ends;

[0014] Wherein, the aircraft system includes a flight crew, a flight management system and an electronic flight bag;

[0015] The ground system includes a ground air traffic management center, an operation control center, a basic service platform, an air service provider and a gateway station;

[0016] The multi-link transmission system includes three communication links, an aviation data link, a high-performance link, and a voice transmission link;

[0017] The ground-to-air data includes: flight control information, airline information, passenger information and entertainment service information;

[0018] Wherein, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0019] Step S1.1, by integrating aviation 5G, L-band digital communication and aerospace satellite systems, a multi-link transmission system covering the ground, air and satellite and transmitting ground-to-air data between the aircraft system and the ground system is constructed;

[0020] Step S1.2, establish a dynamic routing selection system for selecting the best transmission path, including obtaining the data priority and communication requirements of ground-to-air data transmission, and real-time monitoring of the status of the communication link in the multi-link transmission system, and using a dynamic routing algorithm to select one of the aviation data link, high-performance link and voice transmission link in the multi-link transmission system as the best transmission path according to the status of the communication link, data priority and communication requirements.

[0021] Optionally, the step S1.1 includes:

[0022] By integrating aviation 5G, L-band digital communications and aerospace satellite systems, we can build aviation data links, high-performance links and voice transmission links covering the ground, air and satellites;

[0023] An encryption module is set on some links in the aviation data link to obtain a secure aviation data link, and other links in the aviation data link are unencrypted non-secure aviation data links;

[0024] An encryption module is set on some links in the high-performance link to obtain a secure high-performance link, and other links in the high-performance link are unencrypted non-secure high-performance links;

[0025] An encryption module is set on some links in the voice transmission link to obtain a secure voice transmission link, and other links in the voice transmission link are unencrypted non-secure voice transmission links;

[0026] Establishing secure links including secure aviation data links, secure high-performance links and secure voice transmission links, and non-secure links including non-secure aviation data links, non-secure high-performance links and non-secure voice transmission links;

[0027] Establish a multi-link transmission system between aircraft systems and ground systems including safety links and non-safety links.

[0028] Optionally, the step S1 further includes the following steps:

[0029] Build a data transmission optimization system to reasonably distribute data streams among the communication links of the multi-link transmission system through intelligent transmission scheduling and load balancing, thereby optimizing bandwidth utilization and transmission efficiency;

[0030] Establish a network security system that uses end-to-end encryption, real-time monitoring and intrusion detection technology to ensure the security of data transmission, while implementing identity authentication and access control to protect network resources;

[0031] Establish a comprehensive control and management platform to uniformly monitor and manage the operation of multiple communication links in the multi-link transmission system, and realize fault handling, performance optimization and decision support through big data analysis and remote configuration.

[0032] Optionally, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0033] Step S2.1, the flight crew initiates a data request through an electronic flight bag or a flight management system;

[0034] Step S2.2, the dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link as the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system, and executes the data request to send to the ground system;

[0035] Step S2.3, the dynamic routing system detects the sending of the data request. If the sending of the data request is successful, continue to step S3, otherwise, execute step S2.4;

[0036] Step S2.4, the dynamic routing system identifies the transmission problem of the data request. If the transmission problem is a signal interruption or a high transmission delay, the data request is retransmitted, otherwise step S2.6 is executed;

[0037] Step S2.5, the dynamic routing system detects the retransmission of the data request. If the retransmission of the data request is successful, step S3 is executed, otherwise step S2.6 is executed;

[0038] Step S2.6, the dynamic routing selection system sends a switching request to the secure link in the multi-link transmission system, switches to one of the secure links, and starts the encryption module in the secure link, using the secure link as the optimal transmission path to send data requests.

[0039] Optionally, the step S3 specifically includes:

[0040] Step S3.1, the air traffic management center, the operation control center and the basic service platform process the received data request and obtain the processing result;

[0041] Step S3.2, the dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link as the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system according to the processing result and the flight stage;

[0042] Step S3.3, transmitting the processing result to the flight crew via the selected optimal transmission path;

[0043] Step S3.4, the dynamic routing system detects the transmission of the processing result. If the transmission of the processing result is successful, continue to step S4, otherwise, execute step S3.5;

[0044] Step S3.5, the dynamic routing system identifies the transmission problem of the processing result. If the transmission problem is a signal interruption or a high transmission delay, the processing result is retransmitted, otherwise step S3.7 is executed;

[0045] Step S3.6, the dynamic routing system detects the retransmission of the processing result. If the retransmission processing result is successful, step S4 is executed, otherwise step S3.7 is executed;

[0046] Step S3.7, the dynamic routing selection system sends a switching request to the secure link in the multi-link transmission system, switches to one of the secure links, and starts the encryption module in the secure link, using the secure link as the optimal transmission path to transmit the processing results.

[0047] Optionally, the step S3.2 specifically includes:

[0048] Step S3.2.1, data type determination: set a data volume threshold, determine whether the data volume of the processing result is less than or equal to the data volume threshold, if yes, select the aviation data link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.2;

[0049] Step S3.2.2, data volume and bandwidth requirement determination: determine whether the processing result is greater than the data volume threshold and needs to be transmitted quickly. If so, select a high-performance link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.3;

[0050] Step S3.2.3, urgency and timeliness judgment: judge whether the processing result is an urgent instruction or an instruction requiring a quick response. If so, select a voice transmission link or an aviation data link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.4;

[0051] Step S3.2.4, flight phase determination: selection of the communication link is performed based on the flight phase, where the flight phase includes the cruise phase, take-off phase and landing phase.

[0052] Optionally, the step S3.2.4 specifically includes:

[0053] During the cruise phase, a high-performance link is selected as the communication link to transmit analysis data and update data;

[0054] During the takeoff and landing phases, the aviation data link is selected to transmit flight control, navigation and basic monitoring data, and the voice transmission link is used for real-time communication between the pilot and the ground control tower.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the airport ground-to-air data multi-domain multi-link transmission method provided according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0056] 1. By adopting the multi-domain multi-link technology of ground-to-air data to establish a multi-link transmission system and a dynamic routing selection system, the best data link can be intelligently selected to improve the capacity and efficiency of ground-to-air communications.

[0057] 2. The established multi-link transmission system combines multiple communication technologies, optimizes the data transmission path, enhances the elasticity of the communication network, meets the needs of ground-to-air data communication, and provides unprecedented flexibility and reliability. The combination of multiple communication links not only improves the overall performance of the communication network, but also can quickly switch to other available links when a communication link fails, or switch from an unsafe link to a safe link, to ensure the continuity, stability and security of data transmission.

[0058] 3. The multi-link transmission system can also greatly improve flight safety and operational efficiency. Real-time data transmission enables aircraft in flight to obtain important information such as weather information, flight status, maintenance requirements, etc., thereby optimizing route selection, reducing delays, and improving fuel efficiency. At the same time, the ground control center can also monitor the flight status in real time, respond quickly to emergencies, and ensure flight safety.

[0059] 4. The airport ground-to-air data multi-domain multi-link transmission method of the present invention can not only meet the data communication needs of the current and future aviation transportation industry, but also provide an efficient, flexible and reliable communication solution for airlines and air traffic management departments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. The features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood by referring to the drawings. The drawings are schematic and should not be understood as limiting the present invention in any way. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a conceptual diagram of the aviation communication domain for airport ground-to-air data transmission in the prior art.

[0062] Figure 2 The present invention provides a flowchart of a method for multi-domain and multi-link transmission of airport ground-to-air data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 3 A system architecture diagram of a method for multi-domain and multi-link transmission of airport ground-to-air data provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 4 A diagram of a hyperlink-based ground-to-air data multi-domain multi-link system architecture for a method for transmitting airport ground-to-air data multi-domain multi-link according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0066] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, according to the security level, the aviation communication domain is divided into the aircraft control domain represented by air traffic control, the airline information service domain represented by airline operation control, and the passenger infotainment service domain represented by air passenger communication. The existing airport ground-to-air data transmission technology is that each communication domain and communication data can only be transmitted through a single transmission method, which is difficult to meet the communication needs of different flight states and changing data priorities.

[0068] According to the embodiment of the present invention, a method for multi-domain multi-link transmission of airport ground-air data is mainly based on three core key technologies and one core concept in multi-domain multi-link of ground-air data. Among the three core key technologies, the aviation 5G airport surface broadband mobile communication system can be applied to the airport surface and the take-off and landing stages; the L-band digital aviation communication system can be applied during the flight of the aircraft; and the air satellite system can be applied when the aircraft passes through the ocean area or uninhabited area during the flight. Specifically, the aviation 5G airport surface broadband mobile communication system is mainly composed of mobile user stations, fixed users, service networks, base stations, network-related communication services, etc. The service network establishes connections with airborne equipment and ground equipment through 5G base stations to achieve high-speed data transmission. The network-related communication service provides dedicated network resources for different types of communication needs through network slicing technology to ensure the reliability and security of communication. For example, during the take-off and landing of a flight, the aircraft needs to communicate with the ground control tower in real time. The 5G network can provide a stable high-bandwidth connection to ensure the rapid transmission and timely processing of data. The L-band digital aviation communication system consists of a physical layer, a data link layer, and a subnetwork layer. The system can not only provide stable communication connections for aircraft, but also automatically switch to the backup frequency band when encountering communication interruptions to ensure the continuity and reliability of communication. The air affairs satellite system is composed of satellite systems and ground application systems, which can solve problems such as dynamic networking of three-dimensional air-ground-air networks and efficient access transmission, and integrated integration of cross-band multi-standard communication, navigation and surveillance. The multi-domain and multi-link ground-to-air data uses modern communication technology. On the premise of meeting the quality requirements of communication services, ground-to-air transmission can be carried out through traditional aviation communication systems or non-safety communication systems (such as 5G / 6G, Ka / Ku high-throughput satellites, low-orbit satellite Internet constellations, etc.) to process airline information service domain messages that do not directly affect aviation safety.

[0069] Hyperconnectivity technology combines traditional aviation communication private networks with commercial public networks to achieve multi-link efficient transmission and full-domain interconnection of aircraft control and airline information service domain data, and uses VPN and firewall technologies to ensure data security.

[0070] When the non-secure link fails to transmit secure data, it is necessary to ensure that the system can automatically switch back to the secure link to meet the minimum performance requirements. In addition, it is necessary to use VPN, firewall and other technologies to ensure the "trustworthiness" between the secure link and the non-secure link.

[0071] The following references Figures 2 to 4 , an airport ground-to-air multi-domain multi-link transmission method provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.

[0072] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for airport ground-to-air multi-domain multi-link transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0073] Step S1, establish a multi-link transmission system and a dynamic routing selection system between the aircraft system and the ground system, which are used to select the best transmission path and transmit ground-to-air data through the best transmission path. Figure 3 As shown, the aircraft system includes flight crew, flight management system and electronic flight bag; the ground system includes ground air traffic management center, operation control center, basic service platform, air service provider and gateway station; the multi-link transmission system includes three communication links, aviation data link, high performance link and voice transmission link; the ground-to-air data includes flight control information, airline information, passenger information and entertainment service information. Among them, step S1 specifically includes the following steps.

[0074] Step S1.1, establish a multi-link transmission system between the aircraft system and the ground system. Specifically, it includes: by integrating the aviation 5G airport broadband mobile communication system, the L-band digital aviation communication system and the air satellite system, a multi-domain communication link covering the ground, air and satellite is constructed to form a comprehensive network architecture of multiple communication links, and provide multiple communication path options for ground-to-air data transmission. In other words, aviation data links, high-performance links and voice transmission links are applied in the aviation 5G airport broadband mobile communication system, the L-band digital communication system and the air satellite system to construct a communication architecture that covers the ground, air and satellite. An encryption module can also be set in each communication link to encrypt and decrypt the transmitted data to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data on the secure link.

[0075] Step S1.1 may include: building aviation data links, high-performance links and voice transmission links covering the ground, air and satellites by integrating aviation 5G, L-band digital communications and aerospace satellite systems; setting encryption modules on some links in the aviation data links to obtain secure aviation data links, and other links in the aviation data links are unencrypted non-secure aviation data links; setting encryption modules on some links in the high-performance links to obtain secure high-performance links, and other links in the high-performance links are unencrypted non-secure high-performance links; setting encryption modules on some links in the voice transmission links to obtain secure voice transmission links, and other links in the voice transmission links are unencrypted non-secure voice transmission links; establishing secure links including secure aviation data links, secure high-performance links and secure voice transmission links, and non-secure links including non-secure aviation data links, non-secure high-performance links and non-secure voice transmission links; establishing a multi-link transmission system between aircraft systems and ground systems including secure links and non-secure links.

[0076] The multi-link transmission system thus established may include multiple communication links, some of which are encrypted secure links, and other communication links are non-secure links of non-encrypted links, so as to support flexible selection according to different needs and performance standards. Specifically, the aviation data link may include: a secure aviation data link obtained by setting an encryption module to ensure the secure transmission of flight data and instructions; and an unencrypted non-secure aviation data link to transmit data with low security requirements. The high-performance link may include: a secure high-performance link obtained by setting an encryption module; and an unencrypted non-secure high-performance link. The voice transmission link may also include: a secure voice transmission link obtained by setting an encryption module to ensure the privacy of call content; and an unencrypted non-secure voice transmission link for ordinary voice communication.

[0077] Therefore, the established multi-link transmission system includes multiple communication links: secure aviation data link, non-secure aviation data link, secure high-performance link, non-secure high-performance link, secure voice transmission link, and non-secure voice transmission link. Among them, secure aviation data link, secure high-performance link and secure voice transmission link constitute secure link; non-secure aviation data link, non-secure high-performance link and non-secure voice transmission link constitute non-secure link. It realizes efficient data transmission of multiple communication links of each component in the air-ground communication system, and provides reliable, multi-link, high-bandwidth and low-latency data transmission services for the aviation communication system.

[0078] Among them, the voice transmission link can be used for instant voice communication, while the data link is used for non-voice data transmission. Data links include aviation data links and high-performance links. Emergency situations and complex communications usually rely on voice transmission links, while standardized instructions that require precise transmission are more suitable for data links. Aviation data links and high-performance links are both part of aviation communication links, and both are used for air-to-ground data transmission, but with different focuses. Aviation data links are more suitable for traditional, low-rate aviation data transmission, while high-performance links are suitable for high-data-rate transmission requirements. The two links complement each other. The type and requirements of the data request will automatically determine which link to use by the dynamic routing selection system. Simple data requests usually go through aviation data links, while complex, bandwidth-intensive data go through high-performance links.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, the ground system may include: an air traffic management center, an operations control center, a basic service platform, an air service provider, and a gateway station. The gateway station serves as a communication hub between the air and the ground, receiving and relaying data from each service domain to ensure that this information can be efficiently transmitted to the corresponding control center or network on the ground, thereby achieving flight control safety, flight operation efficiency, and passenger experience. The gateway station is an important node in the satellite communication system, used to connect aircraft in flight with various control and service centers on the ground. As Figure 3 As shown, the gateway station undertakes the relay and conversion functions of different communication links, transmitting various information from the aircraft to the ground system.

[0080] refer to Figure 3, the aircraft system may include: flight crew, flight management system and electronic flight bag. Among them, the electronic flight bag is a personal device carried by the pilot or a removable device provided by the airline. The electronic flight bag is mainly used for information query and decision-making assistance; the flight management system is responsible for flight operation and control, and is used for control and navigation. The pilot can consult the data through the electronic flight bag as needed, and then update the relevant information in the flight management system. The electronic flight bag supplements and enhances the information provided by the flight management system by providing additional computing power, display and interactive interface for the flight management system, thereby improving the efficiency and flexibility of ground-to-air information transmission. The electronic flight bag is the control and verification point for multiple functions such as trajectory negotiation, ground operation or aeronautical chart production, enabling pilots to store, update, display and process flight data, thereby ensuring flight safety and efficiency. Therefore, the collaboration between the electronic flight bag and the flight management system is the key in the multi-domain and multi-link of ground-to-air data. To ensure the security of data connection, the collaboration between the electronic flight bag and the flight management system can provide a domain protection mechanism through the aircraft interface device. The domain protection mechanism uses a firewall or partitioning function. When the electronic flight bag transmits data to the aircraft, it must first complete the domain protection authentication process to protect the aircraft control domain communication electronic equipment from the impact of electronic flight bag hardware and software failures, ensuring the safe operation of the aircraft.

[0081] The ground-to-air data may include: flight control information, airline information, passenger information, entertainment service information, etc.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, multiple domains may include the following corresponding to ground-air data: flight control domain, airline information service domain, passenger infotainment service domain, etc.

[0083] Step S1.2, establish a dynamic routing selection system, monitor the status of the multi-link transmission system in real time, and use the dynamic routing algorithm to dynamically switch between the communication links of the multi-link transmission system according to the conditions, data priority and communication requirements of each communication link of the multi-link transmission system to select the best transmission path. The dynamic routing selection system can intelligently select the best communication path and provide flexible, intelligent and real-time routing management and optimization for multi-domain and multi-link of ground-air data.

[0084] The steps of the dynamic routing selection system selecting the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system may include: the dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link in the multi-link transmission system according to the processing result and the flight stage; when the dynamic routing selection system detects that the selected communication link fails to transmit or the performance index is lower than the set threshold, the switching mechanism is triggered; the cause of the link transmission failure is confirmed, and if the cause is signal interruption or too high transmission delay, the data is attempted to be retransmitted; if the retransmission fails, a switching request is sent to the security link, the security link is switched to, and the encryption module in the security link is started to transmit data to ensure the security and stability of the data.

[0085] The multi-link transmission system between the aircraft system and the ground system established in the above manner can realize a multi-domain, multi-link efficient, secure and flexible aviation communication system, and realize efficient and reliable aviation data transmission.

[0086] Step S1 may also include building a data transmission optimization system to reasonably distribute data streams among different communication links through intelligent transmission scheduling and load balancing, thereby optimizing bandwidth utilization and transmission efficiency; establishing a network security system to adopt end-to-end encryption, real-time monitoring, and intrusion detection technologies to ensure the security of data transmission, while implementing identity authentication and access control to protect network resources; establishing a comprehensive control and management platform to uniformly monitor and manage the operation of multi-link transmission systems, and to implement fault handling, performance optimization, and decision support through big data analysis and remote configuration.

[0087] The data transmission optimization system can optimize and compress data transmission, and provide efficient, priority-managed and resource-optimized data transmission services for multi-domain and multi-link ground-air data. The network security system can ensure data transmission security and protect against network attacks, and provide encryption, authentication, protection and attack detection security for multi-domain and multi-link ground-air data. The control and management platform can centrally manage and coordinate communication networks, and provide unified management, scheduling, operation and maintenance and optimization services for multi-domain and multi-link ground-air data.

[0088] Step S2, the flight crew of the aircraft system initiates a data request, the dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link in the multi-link transmission system as the best transmission path, and transmits the data to the ground system via the best transmission path selected by the dynamic routing selection system in the multi-link transmission system. This step specifically includes the following steps.

[0089] Step S2.1, the flight crew initiates a data request via an electronic flight bag or flight management system. The data request may include, for example, route updates, weather information or maintenance data.

[0090] Step S2.2, the dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link as the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system, and executes the data request to send it to the ground system.

[0091] Step S2.3, the dynamic routing system detects the sending of the data request. If the sending of the data request is successful, continue to step S3, otherwise execute step S2.4. The dynamic routing system detects the sending of the data request and can also include determining whether the obtained performance index is higher than the set threshold. If it is higher than the threshold, the following step S2.4 needs to be executed.

[0092] Step S2.4, the dynamic routing system identifies the transmission problem of the data request. If the transmission problem is a signal interruption or a high transmission delay, the data request is retransmitted, otherwise step S2.6 is executed.

[0093] Step S2.5, the dynamic routing system detects the retransmission of the data request. If the retransmission of the data request is successful, step S3 is executed; otherwise, step S2.6 is executed.

[0094] Step S2.6, the dynamic routing selection system sends a switching request to the secure link in the multi-link transmission system, switches to one of the secure links, and starts the encryption module in the secure link, using the secure link as the optimal transmission path to send data requests.

[0095] Step S3, the ground system receives the data request and processes it to obtain the processing result, the dynamic routing selection system selects the communication link in the multi-link transmission system as the best transmission path, and returns the data of the processing result obtained through the dynamic routing selection system to the aircraft system through the best transmission path selected in the multi-link transmission system. After receiving the data request from the aircraft system, the air traffic management center, the operation control center and the basic service platform process it and return the corresponding processing result data to the flight crew of the aircraft system through the communication link selected from the multi-link transmission system by the dynamic routing selection system. This step specifically includes the following steps.

[0096] Step S3.1, the air traffic management center, the operation control center and the basic service platform process the received data request and obtain the processing result.

[0097] Step S3.2: The dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link as the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system according to the processing result.

[0098] Step S3.3, transmitting the processing result to the flight crew via the selected optimal transmission path.

[0099] Step S3.4, the dynamic routing selection system detects the transmission status of the processing result. If the transmission of the processing result is successful, continue to step S4, otherwise execute step S3.5.

[0100] Step S3.5, the dynamic routing system identifies the transmission problem of the processing result. If the transmission problem is signal interruption or excessive transmission delay, the processing result is retransmitted, otherwise step S3.7 is executed.

[0101] Step S3.6, the dynamic routing system detects the retransmission of the processing result. If the retransmission processing result is successful, execute step S4, otherwise execute step S3.7.

[0102] Step S3.7, the dynamic routing selection system sends a switching request to the secure link in the multi-link transmission system, switches to one of the secure links, and starts the encryption module in the secure link, using the secure link as the optimal transmission path to transmit the processing results.

[0103] Wherein step S3.2 comprises performing the following steps in sequence:

[0104] Step S3.2.1, data type determination: set a data volume threshold, determine whether the data volume of the processing result is less than or equal to the data volume threshold, if so, select the aviation data link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.2. If the data volume of the processing result is less than or equal to the set data volume threshold, it is a content with a smaller data volume, including flight plans, standard instructions, weather reports, etc., and the aviation data link can be selected first.

[0105] Step S3.2.2, data volume and bandwidth requirement judgment: judge whether the data volume of the processing result is greater than the data volume threshold and needs to be transmitted quickly. If so, select a high-performance link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.3. When the data volume of the processing result is greater than the set data volume threshold, it is a large data volume content, and if it needs to be transmitted quickly, such as a large data file updated in real time, a high-performance link can be selected.

[0106] Step S3.2.3, urgency and timeliness judgment: judge whether the processing result is an urgent instruction or an instruction that requires a quick response. If so, select the voice transmission link or the aviation data link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.4. For urgent instructions or instructions that require a quick response, the aviation data link is usually more suitable because it can process and transmit standard instructions and data more quickly.

[0107] Step S3.2.4, flight phase and environmental requirements judgment: Select the communication link based on different flight phases. Select the communication link based on the different requirements for data transmission in different flight phases (such as takeoff, cruising, and landing). For example, in the cruising phase, high-performance links can be used to transmit detailed analysis data and updates. During the takeoff and landing phases, high-reliability, low-latency communication links can be used to ensure the transmission of flight control, navigation, and basic monitoring data. Aviation data links are given priority for transmitting key flight data and control instructions to ensure the safety and real-time nature of the flight; real-time communication between pilots and ground control towers uses voice transmission links to ensure coordination and emergency communication during takeoff.

[0108] The air traffic management center directly feeds back the flight instructions or emergency information in the processing results to the flight crew through voice transmission links or aviation data links. The operation control center and basic service platform feed back the large amount of information in the processing results through high-performance links.

[0109] Step S4, the aircraft system receives the processing result, processes it to obtain processed information, and makes flight adjustments and decisions based on the processed information.

[0110] like Figure 2 As shown, after receiving the data of the processing result returned by the ground system, the flight management system and the electronic flight bag of the aircraft system further process the data to obtain the processed information and provide it to the flight crew. The flight crew makes flight adjustments and decisions based on the processed information received.

[0111] Step S5: During the flight, the aircraft system and the ground system continuously repeat the above steps S2 to S4. The aircraft system and the ground system maintain continuous communication, and update flight information, weather forecasts and operational data in real time to ensure maximum flight safety and efficiency.

[0112] It should be noted that within the scope of protection defined in the claims of the present invention, the following embodiments can be combined and / or expanded or replaced in any logical way from the above specific implementation methods, such as disclosed technical principles, disclosed technical features or implicitly disclosed technical features.

[0113] Example 1

[0114] During the flight, the aircraft system negotiates the trajectory with the air traffic control center of the ground system to develop a new trajectory and make trajectory changes.

[0115] The aircraft system uses the interconnected electronic flight bag to negotiate the track with the air service provider in the ground system. The specific details of the track change are transmitted through the communication link selected from the multi-link transmission system, and the transaction of track change records is mainly completed through the multi-link transmission system. In addition, track negotiation can also allow aircraft to share track information and coordinate during track negotiation. This function ensures the real-time and accuracy of the aircraft's track changes, thereby improving flight flexibility and safety.

[0116] After trajectory negotiation is complete, flight intention data will be further distributed to ground systems, including air traffic control systems and air traffic management centers, for consistency monitoring and enhanced distribution of trajectory information.

[0117] Example 2

[0118] During flight, the aircraft system consults with multiple air traffic control centers on the ground system to develop a new trajectory.

[0119] When any of the multiple air traffic control centers finds that some restrictions may affect the original track, it will promptly notify the aircraft system. Subsequently, the aircraft system sends a request to all relevant air traffic control centers to establish a new track and waits for the response of each air traffic control center.

[0120] After receiving the request, each air traffic control center coordinates and evaluates the new trajectory plan, obtains the final new trajectory plan as the evaluation result, and sends it to the aircraft system through a high-performance link. Finally, the aircraft system receives the final new trajectory plan that has been adjusted and evaluated, and requests the air traffic control center to execute this final new trajectory plan as a new flight path. After receiving the request, the air traffic control center further reviews and confirms it, agrees, and issues a permission instruction to the aircraft system, allowing it to conduct subsequent flights according to the final new trajectory plan.

[0121] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An airport ground-to-air multi-domain multi-link transmission method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, establishing a multi-link transmission system and a dynamic routing selection system between an aircraft system and a ground system, for selecting an optimal transmission path and transmitting ground-to-air data through the optimal transmission path; Step S2, the flight crew of the aircraft system initiates a data request, and selects the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system through the dynamic routing selection system to send the data request to the ground system; Step S3, the ground system receives the data request and processes it to obtain a processing result, and selects the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system through the dynamic routing selection system to return the data of the processing result to the aircraft system; Step S4, the aircraft system receives the processing result, processes it to obtain processed information, and makes flight adjustments and decisions based on the processed information; Step S5, during the flight of the aircraft, the aircraft system and the ground system continuously repeat the above steps S2 to S4 until the flight ends; Wherein, the aircraft system includes a flight crew, a flight management system and an electronic flight bag; The ground system includes a ground air traffic management center, an operation control center, a basic service platform, an air service provider and a gateway station; The multi-link transmission system includes three communication links, an aviation data link, a high-performance link, and a voice transmission link; The ground-to-air data includes: flight control information, airline information, passenger information and entertainment service information; Wherein, the step S1 specifically includes: Step S1.1, by integrating aviation 5G, L-band digital communication and aerospace satellite systems, a multi-link transmission system covering the ground, air and satellite and transmitting ground-to-air data between the aircraft system and the ground system is constructed; Step S1.2, establishing a dynamic routing selection system for selecting the best transmission path, including obtaining the data priority and communication requirements of ground-to-air data transmission, and monitoring the status of the communication link in the multi-link transmission system in real time, and using a dynamic routing algorithm to select one of the aviation data link, high-performance link and voice transmission link in the multi-link transmission system as the best transmission path according to the status of the communication link, data priority and communication requirements; Wherein, the step S1.1 comprises: By integrating aviation 5G, L-band digital communications and aerospace satellite systems, we can build aviation data links, high-performance links and voice transmission links covering the ground, air and satellites; An encryption module is set on some links in the aviation data link to obtain a secure aviation data link, and other links in the aviation data link are unencrypted non-secure aviation data links; An encryption module is set on some links in the high-performance link to obtain a secure high-performance link, and other links in the high-performance link are unencrypted non-secure high-performance links; An encryption module is set on some links in the voice transmission link to obtain a secure voice transmission link, and other links in the voice transmission link are unencrypted non-secure voice transmission links; Establishing secure links including secure aviation data links, secure high-performance links and secure voice transmission links, and non-secure links including non-secure aviation data links, non-secure high-performance links and non-secure voice transmission links; Establish a multi-link transmission system between aircraft systems and ground systems, including safety links and non-safety links; Wherein, the step S1 further includes the following steps: Build a data transmission optimization system to reasonably distribute data streams among the communication links of the multi-link transmission system through intelligent transmission scheduling and load balancing, thereby optimizing bandwidth utilization and transmission efficiency; Establish a network security system that uses end-to-end encryption, real-time monitoring and intrusion detection technology to ensure the security of data transmission, while implementing identity authentication and access control to protect network resources; Establish an integrated control and management platform to uniformly monitor and manage the operation of multiple communication links in a multi-link transmission system, and implement fault handling, performance optimization, and decision support through big data analysis and remote configuration; Wherein, the step S2 specifically includes: Step S2.1, the flight crew initiates a data request through an electronic flight bag or a flight management system; Step S2.2, the dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link as the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system, and executes the data request to send to the ground system; Step S2.3, the dynamic routing system detects the sending of the data request. If the sending of the data request is successful, continue to step S3, otherwise, execute step S2.4; Step S2.4, the dynamic routing system identifies the transmission problem of the data request. If the transmission problem is a signal interruption or a high transmission delay, the data request is retransmitted, otherwise step S2.6 is executed; Step S2.5, the dynamic routing system detects the retransmission of the data request. If the retransmission of the data request is successful, step S3 is executed, otherwise step S2.6 is executed; Step S2.6, the dynamic routing selection system sends a switching request to the secure link in the multi-link transmission system, switches to one of the secure links, and starts the encryption module in the secure link, using the secure link as the best transmission path to send the data request; Wherein, the step S3 specifically includes: Step S3.1, the air traffic management center, the operation control center and the basic service platform process the received data request and obtain the processing result; Step S3.2, the dynamic routing selection system selects a communication link as the best transmission path in the multi-link transmission system according to the processing result and the flight stage; Step S3.3, transmitting the processing result to the flight crew via the selected optimal transmission path; Step S3.4, the dynamic routing system detects the transmission of the processing result. If the transmission of the processing result is successful, continue to step S4, otherwise, execute step S3.5; Step S3.5, the dynamic routing system identifies the transmission problem of the processing result. If the transmission problem is a signal interruption or a high transmission delay, the processing result is retransmitted, otherwise step S3.7 is executed; Step S3.6, the dynamic routing system detects the retransmission of the processing result. If the retransmission processing result is successful, step S4 is executed, otherwise step S3.7 is executed; Step S3.7, the dynamic routing selection system sends a switching request to the secure link in the multi-link transmission system, switches to one of the secure links, and starts the encryption module in the secure link, using the secure link as the optimal transmission path to transmit the processing results.

2. The airport ground-to-air multi-domain multi-link transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3.2 specifically includes: Step S3.2.1, data type determination: set a data volume threshold, determine whether the data volume of the processing result is less than or equal to the data volume threshold, if yes, select the aviation data link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.2; Step S3.2.2, data volume and bandwidth requirement determination: determine whether the processing result is greater than the data volume threshold and needs to be transmitted quickly. If so, select a high-performance link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.3; Step S3.2.3, urgency and timeliness judgment: judge whether the processing result is an urgent instruction or an instruction requiring a quick response. If so, select a voice transmission link or an aviation data link as the communication link, otherwise execute step S3.2.4; Step S3.2.4, flight phase determination: selection of the communication link is performed based on the flight phase, where the flight phase includes the cruise phase, take-off phase and landing phase.

3. The airport ground-to-air multi-domain multi-link transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S3.2.4 specifically includes: During the cruise phase, a high-performance link is selected as the communication link to transmit analysis data and update data; During the takeoff and landing phases, the aviation data link is selected to transmit flight control, navigation and basic monitoring data, and the voice transmission link is used for real-time communication between the pilot and the ground control tower.

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