Wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanin

Abstract

According to the wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanin, a single dragon vine shaped like a Chinese character'chang 'is adopted, so that the vertical growth height of new shoots is 80-140 cm, and the sagging length of the new shoots is controlled to be 0-50 cm by pruning the new shoots; the method comprises the following steps: trimming upright auxiliary shoots growing at bent parts of young shoots and trimming overlong auxiliary shoots on two sides of a leaf curtain wall, controlling the thickness of the leaf curtain to be 50-70cm, and controlling the non-interception scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain to be 0.3-0.8. The leaf curtain in the form forms a suitable leaf curtain microclimate, can properly shade fruits, can maintain the temperature under the leaf curtain to be stable, strengthens photosynthesis of leaves, can promote early accumulation of anthocyanin in the grape fruit ripening process, and improves the content of anthocyanin in the fruits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and in particular relates to a wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins. Background Art

[0002] The biologically active substances and color of grape fruits are important indicators of their quality and maturity. Phenolic substances such as anthocyanins are their main coloring substances and biologically active substances. In wine, anthocyanins are often synthesized with one or more glucoses to exist in the form of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins in red wine are a natural antioxidant that can effectively prevent the production of free radicals in the human body, help delay aging, prevent cardiovascular diseases, and prevent and treat cancer and other diseases. In addition, anthocyanins can also promote the dilation of blood vessels and help lower blood pressure. Anthocyanins accumulate in advance, and more anthocyanins will be synthesized in the skin of wine grapes when they are ripe and harvested, making the wine grapes more mature and darker in color, which helps to increase the anthocyanin content of wine. The higher the anthocyanin content in red wine, the more benefits it has to human health.

[0003] Studies have shown that the content of anthocyanins in fruits is closely related to the environment and is affected by many environmental factors such as temperature and light. In order to regulate the balance of the fruits produced and improve the quality of the fruits, it is particularly important to adopt an appropriate canopy form. The microclimate of the canopy has a profound impact on the physiological processes of plants, which in turn affects the content and types of substances such as carbohydrates, acids, and phenols. The results show that competition for light energy within the canopy is a limiting factor in photosynthetic productivity, and the structure of the canopy affects photosynthesis and the distribution of photosynthetic products, resulting in differences in fruit quality.

[0004] In the prior art, "The Effect of Trellis / Leaf Curtain Type on Anthocyanin Metabolism of Grapes" by Shandong Agricultural University, using five-year-old Moldovan grapes as test materials, explored the effects of different trellis / leaf curtain types on anthocyanin metabolism, and also compared the differences in anthocyanin monomers of different varieties under the conditions of upright leaf curtains on trellises. The study showed that when the fruit was ripe, the content of 13 anthocyanin monomers in the fruit peel of the trellis fruit was significantly higher than that of the trellis, and the anthocyanin content of mature fruit in trellis bags was significantly higher than that of trellis bags, and the fruit color was also better than that of trellis bags; comparative analysis showed that in terms of fruit anthocyanin content and fruit color. The shading effect of leaf curtains was significantly better than that of bags. "Study on Phenolic Substances in Grape Fruits and Wines from Different Fruiting Parts of Upright Dulongvine" by Hu Fan et al. found that there were significant differences in the content of phenolic substances in wine brewed from fruits from different fruiting parts. The Chinese invention patent with application number CN202211405355.X discloses a method for cultivating wine grapes suitable for strong light and high temperature, the main process of which is as follows: (1) Based on the horizontal binding of dragon vines or annual branches, the new shoots on the dragon vines or annual branches are tied with wires to make them grow upright 65 to 95 cm; (2) After reaching the upright growth height, the new shoots grow freely to both sides of the grape row and droop in a parabolic shape; (3) When the new shoots droop below the fruiting belt, the new shoots are pruned; at this time, the new shoots and leaves form a leaf curtain; (4) After the fruit enters the color change period, the new shoots are pruned until the end of the new shoot is 20 to 30 cm above the fruiting belt. This method can effectively avoid sunburn, improve fruit quality, and thus improve the quality of wine. In the above prior art, although the quality and anthocyanin content of grapes have been improved to a certain extent, they have not promoted the early accumulation of anthocyanins, and thus cannot synthesize more anthocyanins in the wine grapes when they are mature and harvested. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, the present application provides a wine grape cultivation method for promoting the early accumulation of anthocyanins, so as to solve the technical problem that the prior art fails to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins, and thus fails to synthesize more anthocyanins in wine grape fruits when they are ripe and harvested.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0007] A wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0008] S01. After spreading the wine grape vines, remove the thin and weak branches, overcrowded branches, diseased branches, thin and weak inflorescence branches and excess new shoots, and use binding wire to fix the dragon vines on the "factory"-shaped racks set in the north-south direction, so that the new shoots grow upright to 80 to 140 cm, forming a leaf curtain rising section;

[0009] S02. After the new shoots grow upright to 80 to 140 cm, they are allowed to naturally droop to the west of the grape row to form a drooping leaf curtain, and the new shoots are pruned to control the drooping length to 0 to 50 cm;

[0010] S03. After the fruit enters the color change period, the new shoots are pinched and the secondary shoots are pruned to control the leaf curtain thickness to 50 to 70 cm;

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S01, the new shoots grow upright to a height of 120±5 cm.

[0012] Preferably, in the above wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S01, the binding wires include a plurality of binding wires, and the distance between adjacent binding wires is 30 to 60 cm.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S01, the binding wires include a first binding wire, a second binding wire, a third binding wire and a fourth binding wire, the first binding wire is 40 to 60 cm above the ground; the second binding wire is located above the first binding wire, and the distance from the first binding wire is 30 to 50 cm; the third binding wire is located above the second binding wire, and the distance from the second binding wire is 30 to 50 cm; the fourth binding wire is located above the third binding wire, and the distance from the third binding wire is 30 to 50 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in the above-mentioned wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S02, the drooping length of the new shoots is 20 to 50 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in the above wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S03, the thickness of the leaf curtain is 60±5 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the above wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins further comprises: pruning the side shoots after the fruit enters the color change period, and controlling the unintercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain to remain in the range of 0.3 to 0.8.

[0017] Preferably, in the above wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, the unintercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is controlled to be maintained at 0.5.

[0018] Preferably, in the above-mentioned wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S03, the pruning of side shoots includes: pruning upright side shoots grown from the bend of the new shoots, and pruning excessively long side shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain wall.

[0019] Preferably, the above wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins also includes: watering in moderation during drought during the color change period; strictly controlling watering during the ripening period to ensure sugar accumulation in the fruit and promote branch ripening; and stopping watering 15 to 30 days before picking.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0021] The wine grape cultivation method for promoting the early accumulation of anthocyanins in the present application adopts a "factory"-shaped single dragon vine to make the vertical growth height of the new shoots 80 to 140 cm; by pruning the new shoots to control the drooping length of the new shoots to 0 to 50 cm; by pruning the upright side shoots grown at the bend of the new shoots and pruning the overly long side shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain wall, the thickness of the leaf curtain is controlled to be 50 to 70 cm, and the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is controlled to be maintained at 0.3 to 0.8. This form of leaf curtain can form a suitable leaf curtain microclimate, can properly shade the fruit, can maintain a stable temperature under the leaf curtain, strengthen the photosynthesis of the leaves, and can promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins during the ripening process of grape fruits, and increase the content of anthocyanins in the fruit. Experiments show that when the length of the new shoot is 170cm (the vertical height of the new shoot is 120cm, and the drooping length is 50cm), the thickness of the leaf curtain is 60cm, and the unintercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5, the color change period of the wine grape fruit is about 1 week earlier than when the new shoot length is 80cm, about 5 days earlier than when the new shoot length is 110cm, and about 3 days earlier than when the new shoot length is 140cm; when the fruit is ripe, the anthocyanin content is 25% to 30%, 15% to 20%, and 8% to 10% higher than that in the fruit with shoot lengths of 80cm, 110cm, and 140cm, respectively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grape tree shape and leaf curtain distribution according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 The color transformation of grape berries of different varieties of wine grapes with different shoot lengths in the same period.

[0025] Among them: dragon vine 1, new shoots 2, first binding wire 3, second binding wire 4, third binding wire 5, fourth binding wire 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The following will further describe the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0027] It should be understood that the same or similar reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", etc. indicating the orientation or positional relationship, it is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as a limitation of this patent. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In a specific embodiment of the present application, a cultivation method for wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins is characterized by including the following steps:

[0029] S01. After the wine grapes are unrolled, remove the thin and weak branches, over-dense branches, diseased branches, inflorescence-weak branches and excess new shoots 2, and fix the main vine 1 on the "factory"-shaped support rods arranged in the north-south direction with binding wires, so that the new shoots 2 grow upright upward to 80 to 140 cm, forming an ascending leaf curtain segment; preferably, the height at which the new shoots 2 grow upright upward is 120 ± 5 cm.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the binding wires include several binding wires, and the distance between adjacent binding wires is 30 to 60 cm. Further, the binding wires include a first binding wire 3, a second binding wire 4, a third binding wire 5 and a fourth binding wire 6. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground is 40 to 60 cm; the second binding wire 4 is above the first binding wire 3 and the distance from the first binding wire 3 is 30 to 50 cm; the third binding wire 5 is above the second binding wire 4 and the distance from the second binding wire 4 is 30 to 50 cm; the fourth binding wire is above the third binding wire and the distance from the third binding wire is 30 to 50 cm.

[0031] Specifically, a "factory"-shaped single dragon vine arranged in the north-south direction is adopted. After the wine grape vines spread out, thin and weak branches, overcrowded branches, diseased branches, and weak and redundant new shoots 2 with inflorescences are removed, and this is done continuously for 2 to 3 times. Ensure that the distance between the new shoots 2 is about 10 cm. Fix the dragon vine 1 on the support pole with binding wire. When the new shoot 2 grows to 20 cm above the first wire of the support pole, insert it between the parallel double wires for the first binding wire 3. Subsequently, perform the second binding wire 4 and the third binding wire 5. The binding method for the second and third binding wires is the same as that for the first binding wire 3. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground is 40 to 60 cm. The fruiting zone of the grape is at the height of the first binding wire 3, that is to say, the height of the fruiting zone from the ground is 40 to 60 cm; the distance between the second binding wire 4 and the first binding wire 3 is 30 to 50 cm; the distance between the third binding wire 5 and the second binding wire 4 is 30 to 50 cm; the distance between the fourth binding wire 6 and the third binding wire 5 is 30 to 50 cm. Starting from the first binding wire 3 upwards is the height for the new shoot 2 to grow vertically upwards. Binding the new shoot 2 can prevent the new shoot 2 from tilting, making the tree shape regular and facilitating more uniform growth of the subsequent leaf canopy to achieve uniform and unified shading of the fruits.

[0032] S02. After the new shoot grows upright to 80 to 140 cm, let the new shoot 2 naturally droop towards the west side of the grape row to form a drooping section of the leaf canopy, and prune the new shoot 2 to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 to 0 to 50 cm.

[0033] Whether the macroclimate is suitable determines the areas where wine grapes are suitable for planting, including solar radiation, effective accumulated temperature, air humidity, ventilation, and rainfall, etc. The eastern foot of the Helan Mountains has rich light and heat resources, little rainfall, and large evaporation during the grape color change period to the maturity period, which is not only conducive to improving the quality of the berries, but also helps the formation and accumulation of phenolic substances and aromatic substances. The leaf canopy microclimate plays a role in filtering various conditions in the macroclimate. Light, temperature, humidity, and ventilation are the main leaf canopy microclimate factors. The light and heat microclimate affects the quality of wine grapes, and also has a certain correlation with the quality of wine. Different shaping methods play a decisive role in adjusting the leaf canopy microclimate, and thus affect the quality of grape berries. For example, if the leaf canopy layer has a reasonable loose structure, good ventilation and light transmission, receives more sunlight, has strong photosynthetic ability, and more photosynthetic products, it is conducive to the improvement of the yield and quality of grape berries and the flower bud differentiation of new shoots; otherwise, it will affect the grape yield and quality.

[0034] Specifically, when the length of the new shoot 2 exceeds the fourth binding wire 6, it is naturally drooped in the west to form a drooping section of the grape leaf curtain. The rising section of the leaf curtain and the drooping section of the leaf curtain together constitute a leaf curtain to block the direct radiation of high temperature to the grape bunches, and avoid overlapping and crossing of the new shoots 2 when managing the new shoots 2. When the length of the new shoot 2 exceeds the required length, the top is pinched to keep the length of the new shoot 2 constant, that is, to keep the length of the leaf curtain constant, so that the leaf curtain microclimate is maintained in a relatively stable state. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment, the drooping length of the new shoot 2 is 20 to 50 cm.

[0035] S03. After the fruit enters the color change period, the new shoots 2 are pinched and the side shoots are pruned to control the thickness of the leaf curtain to be 50 to 70 cm. The side shoots are pruned including: pruning the upright side shoots growing from the bend of the new shoots 2 and pruning the overly long side shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain wall.

[0036] As mentioned above, the leaf curtain microclimate affects the quality of wine grapes, and the leaf curtain thickness is also one of the main factors affecting the leaf curtain microclimate, which in turn affects photosynthesis and the distribution of photosynthetic products. The leaf curtain thickness refers to the lateral size of the leaf curtain, that is, the distance from the front to the back of the leaf curtain. The appropriate leaf curtain thickness can ensure that sufficient light enters the interior of the leaf curtain to promote fruit ripening, while also maintaining ventilation in the leaf curtain and reducing the occurrence of diseases. Therefore, by pruning the upright side shoots grown at the bend of the new shoots 2 and the excessively long side shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain, the leaf curtain is controlled to be maintained at an optimal thickness of 60±5cm, which is conducive to maintaining the internal microecology of the leaf curtain, and thus helps to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins.

[0037] The light penetration of the leaf curtain has a great influence on the leaf curtain microclimate. The unintercepted scattering coefficient represents the part of the sky that is not blocked by the leaves. It can be roughly regarded as a representative value of the canopy structure and can be used as an indicator to characterize the state of the leaf curtain. Light is the basis for the synthesis of anthocyanins in grape fruits. There is a strong correlation between canopy light absorption and anthocyanin accumulation. Therefore, the unintercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain can be controlled by pruning multiple side shoots. This value ranges from 0 (full leaves) to 1 (no leaves). Preferably, the unintercepted scattering coefficient is 0.3 to 0.8. In a preferred embodiment, the unintercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5.

[0038] In another specific embodiment of the present application, water should be applied appropriately during the color change period when there is drought; watering should be strictly controlled during the ripening period to ensure the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and promote the maturity of the branches; and watering should be stopped 15 to 30 days before picking. At the same time, weeds and inter-row grass should be removed in the grape ditch. When the grass grows to a height of more than 30 cm, it may affect the photosynthesis of the grape fruit and absorb too much nutrients from the soil, so it should be mowed, and common small backpack mowers and other tools can be used.

[0039] The technical solution and technical effects of the present invention are further illustrated below through specific experimental examples.

[0040] The methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the art.

[0041] 1. Experimental materials and methods:

[0042] The experimental period is from March 2021 to October 2023; the first phase of the experiment is from March 2021 to October 2021; the second phase of the experiment is from March 2022 to October 2022; and the third phase of the experiment is from March 2023 to October 2023.

[0043] The experimental site is located in Jinshan Experimental Area, Helan County, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 106°4′22 east longitude, 38°43′23 north latitude, belonging to the mid-temperate arid climate zone. The experimental field adopts a block design, with 30 blocks and an area of ​​0.5 mu for each block. For ease of marking, each block is marked as A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3. Each block is set up with parallel experiments, marked as A11, A12, A13, A14, A21, A22, A23, A24, A31, A32, A33, A34, B11, B12, B13, B21, B22, B23, B31, B32, B33, C11, C12, C13, C21, C22, C23, C31, C32, and C33.

[0044] The experimental materials were 11-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Petit Verdot wine grapes, planted in a "factory"-shaped rack, in a north-south direction, with a row spacing of 0.7m×3.5m. Winter pruning was mainly short-tip pruning.

[0045] The fruits were collected at the beginning of color change, and collected once every 3 days on average. Five bunches of grapes were picked each time, and different plants were selected each time. The fruits were immediately put into the freezer after picking, brought back to the laboratory for cutting and mixing, and stored at -80℃.

[0046] 2. Determination of anthocyanin content

[0047] 2.1 Sample processing

[0048] The samples were freeze-dried in vacuum and then ground into powder using a ball mill. 50 mg of each sample was weighed and dissolved in 500 μL of extraction solution (50% methanol, 0.1% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution), vortexed for 5 min, centrifuged at 12000 r / min for 3 min at 4°C, the supernatant was aspirated, and the operation was repeated. The supernatant was filtered and stored in a sample injection bottle for LC-MS / MS analysis.

[0049] 2.2 Chromatographic mass spectrometry acquisition conditions

[0050] Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine anthocyanins in grapes. The data acquisition instrument system mainly consists of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) (ExionLC TM AD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS / MS) ( 6500+). Liquid phase conditions: chromatographic column: ACQUITYBEH C18 1.7μm, 2.1mm*100mm; mobile phase: phase A is ultrapure water (containing 0.1% formic acid), phase B is methanol (containing 0.1% formic acid); elution gradient: 0.00min is phase B 5%, 6.00min is 50%, 12.00min is 95%, hold for 2min, 14min is 5%, 14min is 5%, hold for 2min. The elution gradient was as follows: 5% at 0.00 min, 50% at 12.00 min, 95% at 12.00 min, hold for 2 min, 5% at 14 min, balance for 2 min; flow rate 0.35 mL / min; column temperature 40 °C; injection volume 2 μL; mass spectrometry (MS) conditions: electrospray ionization (ESI) temperature 550 °C, mass spectrometry voltage 5500 V in positive ionization mode, canopy gas (CUR) 35 psi. In the Q-Trap 6500+, each ion pair was scanned based on the optimized clustering potential (DP) and collision energy (CE).

[0051] 2.3 Leaf curtain without interception scattering coefficient detection

[0052] The American CID CI-110 plant canopy analyzer was used to detect the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] Cabernet Sauvignon is planted in area A1, which is divided into area groups A11, A12, A13, and A14 according to the length of new shoots 2; Syrah is planted in area A2, which is divided into area groups A21, A22, A23, and A24 according to the length of new shoots 2; Petit Verdot is planted in area A3, which is divided into area groups A31, A32, A33, and A34 according to the length of new shoots 2.

[0055] In March 2021, a "factory"-shaped single dragon vine was set in the north-south direction. After the wine grapes were spread out, thin branches, overcrowded branches, diseased branches, thin branches with inflorescences, and excess new shoots 2 were removed. This was repeated 2 to 3 times to ensure that the new shoots 2 were about 10 cm away. The dragon vine 1 was fixed to the pole with binding wire. When the new shoots 2 grew to 20 cm above the first wire of the pole, they were inserted into the middle of the parallel double wires for the first binding wire 3. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground was 50 cm. The second binding wire 4, the third binding wire 5, and the fourth binding wire 6 were subsequently performed. The binding wire method The same method as the first binding wire 3 is adopted, the distance between the second binding wire 4 and the first binding wire 3 is 40 cm, the distance between the third binding wire 5 and the second binding wire 4 is 40 cm, and the distance between the fourth binding wire 6 and the third binding wire 5 is 40 cm. By adjusting the number of binding wires, the height of the new shoot 2 growing upright is controlled to be 80 to 120 cm; after the new shoot 2 grows upright to 120 cm, the new shoot 2 is naturally drooped to the west of the grape row to form a drooping leaf curtain section, and the new shoot 2 is pruned to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 (see Table 1 for details);

[0056] After the fruit enters the color change period, the new shoot 2 is topped, and the upright lateral shoots growing at the bend of the new shoot 2 are pruned, and the excessively long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain are pruned to control the thickness of the leaf curtain to 60 cm; the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5 (the target non-intercepted scattering coefficient is 0.5, and the grape leaf curtain is pruned by experienced technicians, and the actual non-intercepted scattering coefficient after pruning is 0.54); water should be irrigated appropriately during drought during the color change period; irrigation is strictly controlled during the ripening period to ensure the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and promote the maturation of the branches; irrigation is stopped 15 to 30 days before picking; other cultivation and management measures are the same.

[0057] The color change period of the grapes in the above block groups was counted, and the anthocyanins in the grape fruit were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The anthocyanins were characterized by the content of anthocyanins. The results are shown in the following table:

[0058] Table 1 Experimental data of grapes in each area of ​​Example 1

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] As can be seen from the table above, when the fruiting belt is located at the first binding wire 3, that is, 50 cm from the ground, the leaf curtain thickness and the leaf curtain non-intercepted scattering coefficient are consistent, and the length of the new shoot 2 is 80, 110, 140, and 170 cm respectively, the color change period and anthocyanin of three different varieties of wine grapes are different with the length of the new shoot 2. Among them, the A1 area group is Cabernet Sauvignon. When the length of the new shoot 2 is 170 cm, its color change period is 8 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 80, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 30%; the color change period is 5 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 110 cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 20%; the color change period is 3 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 140 cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 10%. The A2 area group is Syrah. When the length of the new shoot 2 is 170cm, its color change period is 6 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 80cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 25%; the color change period is 5 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 110cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 15%; the color change period is 2 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 140cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 8%. The A3 area group is Petit Verdot. When the length of the new shoot 2 is 170cm, its color change period is 7 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 80cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 27%; 6 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 110cm, and the anthocyanin content increases by 18%; 3 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 140cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 9%.

[0062] It can be seen that the length of the new shoot 2 can be changed by changing the vertical growth and drooping length of the new shoot 2. When other cultivation and management conditions are the same, different lengths of the new shoot 2 will affect the color change period and anthocyanin content of different varieties of wine grapes. When the length of the new shoot 2 is 170cm, its color change period is 6 to 8 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 80cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 25% to 30%; the color change period is 4 to 5 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 110cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 15% to 20%; the color change period is 2 to 3 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 140cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 8% to 10%. At the same time, when the length of the new shoot 2 is 170cm and 140cm, its vertical growth length is the same, both 120cm. The difference is that the drooping length of the new shoot 2 is 50cm when the length of the new shoot 2 is 170cm, and the drooping length of the new shoot 2 is 20cm when the length of the new shoot 2 is 140cm. It can be seen that the drooping length of the new shoot 2 plays a very important role in the early color change period of wine grapes and the accumulation of anthocyanins.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Cabernet Sauvignon is planted in area B1, which is divided into B11, B12, and B13 groups according to the thickness of the leaf curtain; Syrah is planted in area B2, which is divided into B21, B22, and B23 groups according to the thickness of the leaf curtain; Petit Verdot is planted in area B3, which is divided into B31, B32, and B33 groups according to the thickness of the leaf curtain.

[0065] In March 2022, a "factory"-shaped single dragon vine is set in the north-south direction. After the wine grapes are spread out, thin branches, overcrowded branches, diseased branches, thin branches with inflorescences, and excess new shoots 2 are removed. This process is repeated 2 to 3 times to ensure that the new shoots 2 are about 10 cm away. The dragon vine 1 is fixed to the frame pole with a binding wire. When the new shoots 2 grow to 20 cm above the first wire of the frame pole, they are inserted into the middle of the parallel double wires for the first binding wire 3. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground is 50 cm. The second binding wire 4, the third binding wire 5, and the fourth binding wire 6 are then performed. The wire tying method is the same as the first wire tying method 3, the distance between the second wire tying 4 and the first wire tying 3 is 40 cm, the distance between the third wire tying 5 and the second wire tying 4 is 40 cm, and the distance between the fourth wire tying 6 and the third wire tying 5 is 40 cm. The height of the new shoot 2 growing upright is controlled by adjusting the number of wire tying. After the new shoot 2 grows upright to 120 cm, the new shoot 2 naturally hangs down to the west of the grape row to form a drooping leaf curtain section, and the new shoot 2 is pruned to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 to 50 cm.

[0066] After the fruit enters the color change period, the new shoot 2 is topped, the upright lateral shoots growing at the bend of the new shoot 2 are pruned, and the excessively long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain are pruned to control the thickness of the leaf curtain to 50 to 70 cm; the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5 (the target non-intercepted scattering coefficient is 0.5, and the grape leaf curtain is pruned by experienced technicians, and the actual non-intercepted scattering coefficient after pruning is 0.48); watering should be done in moderation during drought during the color change period; irrigation should be strictly controlled during the ripening period to ensure the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and promote the maturation of the branches; irrigation should be stopped 15 to 30 days before picking; other cultivation and management measures are the same.

[0067] The color change period of the grapes in the above block groups was counted, and the anthocyanins in the grape fruit were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The anthocyanins were characterized by the content of anthocyanins. The results are shown in the following table:

[0068] Table 2 Experimental data of grapes in each area of ​​Example 2

[0069]

[0070] From the table above, we can see that when the heights of the four binding wires are consistent, the drooping lengths of the new shoots 2 are consistent, that is, the lengths of the new shoots 2 are consistent, and the fruiting belts are all located at the first binding wire 3, that is, 50 cm from the ground, different leaf curtain thicknesses also have an impact on the grape color change period and anthocyanin content. When the leaf curtain thickness is 60 cm, the color change period of the three varieties of grapes is relatively advanced compared to when the leaf curtain thickness is 50 cm and 70 cm, which can be advanced by 1 to 3 days; when the leaf curtain thickness is 60 cm, the anthocyanin content in the fruit is 4% to 8% higher than when the leaf curtain thickness is 50 cm and 70 cm.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Cabernet Sauvignon is planted in area C1, which is divided into C11, C12, and C13 areas according to the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain; Syrah is planted in area C2, which is divided into C21, C22, and C23 areas according to the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain; Petit Verdot is planted in area B3, which is divided into C31, C32, and C33 areas according to the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain.

[0073] In March 2023, a "factory"-shaped single dragon vine is set in the north-south direction. After the wine grapes are spread out, thin branches, overcrowded branches, diseased branches, thin branches with inflorescences, and excess new shoots 2 are removed. This process is repeated 2 to 3 times to ensure that the new shoots 2 are about 10 cm away. The dragon vine 1 is fixed to the frame pole with binding wires. When the new shoots 2 grow to 20 cm above the first wire of the frame pole, they are inserted into the middle of the parallel double wires for the first binding wire 3. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground is 50 cm. The second binding wire 4, the third binding wire 5, and the fourth binding wire 6 are then performed. The wire tying method is the same as the first wire tying method 3, the distance between the second wire tying 4 and the first wire tying 3 is 40 cm, the distance between the third wire tying 5 and the second wire tying 4 is 40 cm, and the distance between the fourth wire tying 6 and the third wire tying 5 is 40 cm. The height of the new shoot 2 growing upright is controlled by adjusting the number of wire tying. After the new shoot 2 grows upright to 120 cm, the new shoot 2 is naturally drooped to the west of the grape row to form a drooping leaf curtain section, and the new shoot 2 is pruned to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 to 50 cm.

[0074] After the fruit enters the color change period, the new shoot 2 is topped, and the upright lateral shoots growing at the bend of the new shoot 2 are pruned, and the excessively long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain are pruned to control the thickness of the leaf curtain to 60 cm; the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.3 to 0.8 (the grape leaf curtain is pruned by experienced technicians, and the target value and measured value of the non-intercepted scattering coefficient are shown in Table 3); water should be irrigated appropriately during drought during the color change period; irrigation is strictly controlled during the ripening period to ensure the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and promote the maturation of the branches; irrigation is stopped 15 to 30 days before picking; other cultivation and management measures are the same.

[0075] The color change period of the grapes in the above block groups was counted, and the anthocyanins in the grapes were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The anthocyanins were characterized by the content of anthocyanins. The results are shown in the following table:

[0076] Table 3 Experimental data of grapes in each area of ​​Example 3

[0077]

[0078] As can be seen from the table above, when other conditions remain unchanged, changing the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain will also affect the color change period and anthocyanin content of the grapes. When the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5, the color change period of the three varieties of grapes is 2 to 3 days earlier than when the non-intercepted scattering coefficient is 0.3, and 1 to 2 days earlier than when the non-intercepted scattering coefficient is 0.8; when the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5, the anthocyanin content in the fruits of the three varieties of grapes is 7% to 9% higher than when the non-intercepted scattering coefficient is 0.3, and 4% to 6% higher than when the non-intercepted scattering coefficient is 0.8.

[0079] In summary, the wine grape cultivation method of the present application, by controlling the length of the new shoot 2 to 140 to 170 cm, the drooping length to 20 to 50 cm, and the thickness of the leaf curtain to 50 to 70 cm, and the unintercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain to 0.3 to 0.8, can promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins during the ripening process of grape fruit. The experiment shows that when the length of the new shoot 2 is 170cm (the vertical height of the new shoot 2 is 120cm, and the drooping length of the new shoot 2 is 50cm), the thickness of the leaf curtain is 60cm, and the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5, the color change period of the wine grape fruit is about 1 week earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 80cm, about 5 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 110cm, and about 3 days earlier than when the length of the new shoot 2 is 140cm; and when the vertical growth length is 120cm, the color change period of the wine grape fruit is about 3 days earlier than when the drooping length of the new shoot 2 is 50cm than when the drooping length of the new shoot 2 is 20cm; when the fruit is mature and harvested, the anthocyanin content in the fruit of the new shoot 2 with a length of 170cm is increased by 25% to 30%, 15% to 20%, and 8% to 10% respectively than that of the fruit with a length of 80, 110cm, and 140cm.

[0080] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S01. After spreading the wine grape vines, remove the thin and weak branches, overcrowded branches, diseased branches, thin and weak inflorescence branches and excess new shoots, and use binding wire to fix the dragon vines on the "factory"-shaped racks set in the north-south direction, so that the new shoots grow upright to 80 to 140 cm, forming a rising section of the leaf curtain; S02. After the new shoots grow upright to 80 to 140 cm, they are allowed to naturally droop to the west of the grape row to form a drooping leaf curtain, and the new shoots are pruned to control the drooping length to 0 to 50 cm; S03. After the fruit enters the color change period, pinch off the new shoots and prune the side shoots to control the leaf curtain thickness to 50 to 70 cm.

2. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S01, the new shoots grow upright to a height of 120±5 cm.

3. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The binding wires include a plurality of binding wires, and the distance between adjacent binding wires is 30 to 60 cm.

4. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 3, characterized in that: The binding wires include a first binding wire, a second binding wire, a third binding wire and a fourth binding wire, wherein the first binding wire is 40 to 60 cm above the ground; the second binding wire is located above the first binding wire, and the distance from the first binding wire is 30 to 50 cm; the third binding wire is located above the second binding wire, and the distance from the second binding wire is 30 to 50 cm; the fourth binding wire is located above the third binding wire, and the distance from the third binding wire is 30 to 50 cm.

5. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S02, the drooping length of the new shoots is 20 to 50 cm.

6. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S03, the thickness of the leaf curtain is 60±5 cm.

7. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: After the fruit enters the color change period, the side shoots are pruned to control the unintercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain to be maintained between 0.3 and 0.

8.

8. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 7, characterized in that: The unintercepted scattering coefficient of the control leaf curtain is kept at 0.

5.

9. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S03, the pruning of the side shoots includes: pruning the upright side shoots grown from the bend of the new shoots, and pruning the excessively long side shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain wall.

10. The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanins according to claim 1, further comprising: During the color change period, water appropriately when there is drought; During the ripening period, watering should be strictly controlled to ensure the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and promote the ripening of the branches; watering should be stopped 15 to 30 days before picking.

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