Aluminum alloy prepared from metal silicon, waste copper and waste aluminum and processing method of aluminum alloy
Through the pretreatment and processing methods of metal silicon, scrap copper and scrap aluminum, aluminum alloys containing Si, Cu, Mg, rare earth elements and Co were prepared, which solved the problem of low utilization efficiency of waste non-ferrous metals and achieved the excellence of aluminum alloys Mechanical properties and sustainable use of resources.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411179699.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology is difficult to effectively utilize waste non-ferrous metals, especially waste copper and waste aluminum, resulting in low resource recycling efficiency and affecting sustainable development.
Aluminum alloys are prepared by metal silicon, scrap copper and scrap aluminum. Through pretreatment, melting, refining, casting and homogenization, aluminum alloys containing Si, Cu, Mg, rare earth elements and Co are prepared, combining rare earth elements and The synergistic effect of Co achieves uniform dispersion of elements and grain refinement, improving the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.
The prepared aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties and toughness. It removes impurities through pretreatment, and maximizes the resource utilization of scrap copper and scrap aluminum. The processing method is environmentally friendly and convenient to operate, and is suitable for large-scale production.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, and in particular to an aluminum alloy made of metal silicon, waste copper and waste aluminum, and a processing method thereof. Background Art
[0002] With the rapid economic growth, the content of scrap nonferrous metals has also increased. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is urgent to recycle scrap nonferrous metals. Efficiently utilizing scrap nonferrous metals after processing and effectively improving the level of scrap nonferrous metal resource utilization are of great significance for promoting the standardized and orderly development of scrap nonferrous metal processing and utilization. Among them, copper and aluminum are important elements in aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloys are prepared using scrap copper and scrap aluminum to maximize resource utilization. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an aluminum alloy made of metallic silicon, scrap copper and scrap aluminum and its processing method, which is of great significance to the development of the industry. Summary of the invention
[0003] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes an aluminum alloy made of metallic silicon, waste copper and waste aluminum and a processing method thereof.
[0004] The present invention provides an aluminum alloy made of metal silicon, waste copper and waste aluminum, whose chemical composition includes, by mass percentage, Si: 8-11%, Cu: 1-5%, Mg: 0.05-0.5%, rare earth elements: 0.01-0.2%, Co: 0.01-0.1%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.
[0005] Preferably, the rare earth element is selected from one or more of La, Y and Ce.
[0006] The present invention also provides a method for processing an aluminum alloy made of metallic silicon, waste copper and waste aluminum, comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1, pre-treating waste copper and waste aluminum to obtain pre-treated copper and pre-treated aluminum respectively;
[0008] S2. Add pretreated copper, pretreated aluminum, metallic silicon, Mg raw material, Co raw material, and rare earth element raw material according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melt them to obtain a crude melt;
[0009] S3, adding a refining agent to the crude molten liquid and introducing a protective gas to remove slag and gas to obtain a refined aluminum alloy;
[0010] S4. Casting, homogenizing, extruding and solution treating the refined aluminum alloy to obtain an aluminum alloy.
[0011] Preferably, in S1, the pretreatment includes surface treatment of the waste copper and waste aluminum; the surface treatment includes one or more of organic solvent washing, water washing, acid washing and alkaline washing.
[0012] More preferably, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of ethanol and acetone.
[0013] More preferably, the pickling acid solution is a mixed solution of 10% HCl solution and 5% HF solution in a volume ratio of (8-10):1.
[0014] More preferably, the alkaline solution for alkaline washing is a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 8-15%.
[0015] Preferably, in said S2, the melting comprises firstly keeping the temperature at 550-700°C for 0.5-1h, and then keeping the temperature at 700-800°C for 0.5-1h.
[0016] Preferably, in S3, the protective gas is selected from one or more of argon and nitrogen.
[0017] Preferably, in S4, the casting method includes a hot top method or an oil-gas sliding method.
[0018] Preferably, in said S4, the homogenization treatment comprises keeping the temperature at 400-500°C for 3-6 hours, and then keeping the temperature at 220-340°C for 1-2 hours.
[0019] Preferably, in S4, the solution treatment comprises keeping at 350-450°C for 2-4h, air cooling to room temperature, and then keeping at 150-260°C for 3-5h.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0021] The aluminum alloy made of metal silicon, waste copper and waste aluminum of the present invention contains Si, Cu, Mg, rare earth elements, Co and Al. The elements work synergistically, and the obtained aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties. In the present invention, Si has a high hardness, and a small amount of Mg is added to form Mg2Si phase, which improves the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy; the addition of Cu element can reduce the melting point and enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy; the rare earth elements and Co work synergistically, and adding them to the aluminum alloy helps to reduce the surface tension of the melt and improve fluidity. Through homogenization treatment, the elements are uniformly dispersed and precipitated, and recrystallization is suppressed to achieve grain refinement and improve the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy; the content of rare earth elements and Co is controlled within a certain range, and the obtained aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties and toughness, but too high a content will result in poor toughness of the obtained aluminum alloy material, and a low content will result in poor mechanical properties. The present invention utilizes waste copper and waste aluminum as resources after pre-treatment, which is in line with the sustainable development strategy. The aluminum alloy processing method of the present invention is environmentally friendly, easy to operate, and can be mass-produced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail through specific embodiments.
[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples and comparative examples can be obtained from commercial sources.
[0024] The processing method of the aluminum alloy in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 of the present invention comprises the following steps:
[0025] S1. Soak the waste copper and waste aluminum in acetone for 30 minutes of ultrasonic treatment, wash and dry, then pickle the waste copper and waste aluminum, rinse with ethanol, wash with alkali, wash and dry with water to obtain pretreated copper and pretreated aluminum respectively; the acid solution for pickling is a mixed solution of 10% HCl solution and 5% HF solution in a volume ratio of 9:1; the alkaline solution for alkali washing is a 12% NaOH solution;
[0026] S2. According to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy (see Table 1 for details), pretreated copper, pretreated aluminum, metallic silicon, Mg raw material, Co raw material, and rare earth element raw material are added, and the mixture is first heated at 600° C. for 0.5 h, and then heated at 730° C. for 1 h to melt and obtain a crude melt;
[0027] S3, adding a refining agent to the crude melt at 730° C. and introducing nitrogen to remove slag and gas to obtain a refined aluminum alloy;
[0028] S4. The refined aluminum alloy is cast by a hot top method to obtain an aluminum ingot, and the ingot is homogenized and kept at 400°C for 4 hours and then kept at 240°C for 1 hour. After extrusion molding, the ingot is solution treated and kept at 380°C for 3 hours. The ingot is air-cooled to room temperature and then kept at 180°C for 3 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy.
[0029] The chemical compositions of the aluminum alloys in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 of the present invention are shown in Table 1. The aluminum alloys prepared above were tested for their tensile strength and elongation, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
[0030] Table 1
[0031]
[0032] The present invention can remove surface impurities of waste copper and waste aluminum by pretreating waste copper and waste aluminum, immersing them in acetone for ultrasonic treatment, and preparing a mixed acid solution for pickling and using an alkali solution of appropriate concentration for alkali washing to help remove impurity elements in waste copper and waste aluminum, so as to maximize the utilization of copper and aluminum resources. It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the aluminum alloy prepared by the present invention has high tensile strength and elongation, indicating that the aluminum alloy prepared by the present invention has excellent mechanical properties and toughness. It can be seen from the data of comparative example 1 and the embodiment that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy obtained when the Si content is low is low; it can be seen from the data of comparative example 2 and the embodiment that the elongation of the aluminum alloy is low when the Mg content is high; it can be seen from the data of comparative examples 3-5 and the embodiment that the present invention controls the content of rare earth elements and Co within a certain range, and the synergistic effect of the aluminum alloy obtained has excellent mechanical properties and toughness.
[0033] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An aluminum alloy made of metallic silicon, waste copper and waste aluminum, characterized in that: Its chemical composition includes, by mass percentage, Si: 8-11%, Cu: 1-5%, Mg: 0.05-0.5%, rare earth elements: 0.01-0.2%, Co: 0.01-0.1%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.
2. The aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The rare earth element is selected from one or more of La, Y and Ce.
3. A method for processing an aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, pre-treating waste copper and waste aluminum to obtain pre-treated copper and pre-treated aluminum respectively; S2. Add pretreated copper, pretreated aluminum, metallic silicon, Mg raw material, Co raw material, and rare earth element raw material according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melt them to obtain a crude melt; S3, adding a refining agent to the crude molten liquid and introducing a protective gas to remove slag and gas to obtain a refined aluminum alloy; S4. Casting, homogenizing, extruding and solution treating the refined aluminum alloy to obtain an aluminum alloy.
4. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the above S1, the pretreatment includes surface treatment of waste copper and waste aluminum; the surface treatment includes one or more of organic solvent washing, water washing, acid washing and alkaline washing.
5. The processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pickling acid solution is a mixed solution of 10% HCl solution and 5% HF solution in a volume ratio of (8-10):
1.
6. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the S2, the melting includes first keeping the temperature at 550-700°C for 0.5-1h, and then keeping the temperature at 700-800°C for 0.5-1h.
7. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S4, the homogenization treatment includes keeping the temperature at 400-500°C for 3-6 hours, and then keeping the temperature at 220-340°C for 1-2 hours.
8. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the S4, the solution treatment includes keeping at 350-450°C for 2-4 hours, air cooling to room temperature, and then keeping at 150-260°C for 3-5 hours.