Structural arrangement mode suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thickness ore body

Abstract

The invention discloses a structure arrangement mode suitable for safe and efficient mining of a gently inclined medium-thickness ore body, which is characterized in that the ore body is divided into panels as mining units, an upper edge vein roadway (1) is arranged at the upper parts of the panels, and a lower edge vein roadway (2) is arranged at the lower parts of the panels; the transverse drift inclined roadway (3) is communicated with the upper drift roadway (1) and the lower drift roadway (2); an upper inlet roadway (4) is sequentially arranged from the upper edge vein roadway (1) to the inside of the ore body, and horizontal blast hole (6) advancing type stoping is adopted; a lower drift roadway (5) is sequentially arranged from the lower drift roadway (2) to the inside of the ore body, and horizontal blast hole (6) advancing type stoping is adopted; downward blast holes (7) are formed in the upper inlet roadway (4) for retreating type stoping; and upward blast holes (9) are formed in the lower drift roadway (5) for retreating type stoping. According to the method disclosed by the invention, ore transportation in each step is completed in the roadway, so that the working efficiency of the carry-scraper is greatly improved, the risks of tipping, side turning and the like of the carry-scraper are reduced, and safe and efficient mining of the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and specifically relates to a structural arrangement method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body, which can be widely used in underground mining of solid mines such as ferrous, chemical, nonferrous, gold, and coal mines. Background Art

[0002] A gently inclined medium-thick ore body refers to an ore body with an inclination of 5 to 30° and a thickness of 5 to 15m. A gently inclined medium-thick ore body is a relatively common ore body, and it accounts for a high proportion of the mineral resources that have been discovered in the world. Due to the small inclination of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body, it is impossible to use mining equipment efficiently during the mining process. In addition, the underground mine has a high empty roof, and it is impossible to effectively implement the construction process of support and rock drilling, which seriously limits the safety production quality of the mine.

[0003] The safe and efficient mining technology of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is a global problem in the mining industry. Due to the relatively gentle inclination of the ore body, it brings two technical problems in the lower plate ore release and the management of the stope roof. First, the inclination of the lower plate of the ore body is less than the natural repose angle of the ore, and the collapsed ore cannot be completely released by its own weight, resulting in great difficulty in ore release and difficulty in recovering the lower plate triangular ore body; second, with the advancement of the mining face, the exposed area of ​​the upper plate of the ore body is large, the empty top height of the stope roof is high, the stope roof management is difficult, and the stope roof collapse accident is prone to occur. At present, there is still a lack of systematic theoretical and technical support for the mining method of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies at home and abroad, which is still a technical problem that restricts the safe, efficient and economical mining of mines in my country.

[0004] For gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, since the inclination of the ore bodies is too gentle, the ore in the mining area cannot be discharged by its own weight, and electric rakes or scrapers are mostly used to transport the ore. For example, Chinese Patent 202121644569.3 discloses a mining structure for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, including a gently inclined mining service area with more than two layers, and more than three electric rake chambers are arranged at the lower end of the mining service area, and electric rakes are used to transport the ore. Electric rakes are mainly used for short-distance hauling of various loose materials on the surface or underground, and are composed of a bucket, traction wire rope, winch, pulley, etc. The lower edge of the bucket has teeth that can be inserted into the ore or gangue pile; the winch pulls the bucket back and forth through two wire ropes to haul the ore or waste rock. The use of electric rakes to transport ore has problems such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, easy damage to the rake track, and difficult maintenance. Therefore, it has been included in the restricted technology in the "Catalogue of Encouraged, Restricted and Eliminated Technologies for Mineral Resource Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization" (Land and Resources Development

[2010] No. 146) by the former Ministry of Land and Resources.

[0005] Underground loader has the advantages of flexibility, wide range, large production capacity and low production cost in transporting ore. At present, it has become the main transportation equipment in underground mining. When using loader to transport ore in inclined tunnel, the slope of the loader's driving route shall not exceed 10-12% (5.7-6.8°), and its maximum slope is generally 15% (8.5°). If the tunnel slope is too large, it will increase the difficulty coefficient of the vehicle climbing, reduce the working efficiency of the vehicle, and there will be risks of tipping and rollover.

[0006] In summary, there is currently no safe and efficient mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a structural layout suitable for the safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. The traditional mining method has a large slope in the mine tunnel, which leads to low working efficiency of the shovel loader and the risk of tipping and rollover.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is provided in the present invention. The traditional inclined mine tunnel is changed into an upper entry tunnel and a lower entry tunnel, and mining is carried out in four steps. Ore transportation in each step is completed in the tunnel, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the scraper and reduces the risk of tipping and rollover of the scraper. The specific implementation is in accordance with the following technical scheme:

[0009] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, arrange upper vein lanes in the upper part of the panels, and arrange lower vein lanes in the lower part of the panels;

[0010] 2) Arrange the vein-crossing inclined lanes in the adjacent areas of each panel area to connect the upper vein lane and the lower vein lane;

[0011] 3) Arrange the upper access lanes in sequence from the upper vein lane to the ore body, arrange horizontal blastholes in the upper access lanes for forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and transport the mined ore through the upper access lanes by a scraper; the horizontal blastholes have a diameter of 38-44 mm, a hole depth of 2-3 m, and a blasthole spacing of 0.9-1.4 m. Under these blasthole parameters, the blasting efficiency is the highest, and the size and distribution of the ore after blasting are relatively reasonable;

[0012] 4) Arranging lower access lanes from the lower vein lane to the ore body in sequence, arranging horizontal blastholes in the lower access lanes for forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and transporting the mined ore through the lower access lanes by a scraper; and in step 3), the horizontal blastholes preferably have a diameter of 38 to 44 mm, a depth of 2 to 3 m, and a blasthole spacing of 0.9 to 1.4 m;

[0013] 5) Arrange downward blastholes in the upper access lane and withdraw them to the vicinity of the upper vein lane; the ore after the side collapse is transported out through the lower access lane; the diameter of the downward blastholes is 38-44mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the bottom plate of the ore body, the spacing between blastholes is 1.2-1.6m, and the row spacing is 1.0-1.4m; under this blasthole parameter, the blasting efficiency is the highest, and the size and distribution of the ore after blasting are relatively reasonable;

[0014] 6) Arrange upward blastholes in the lower access lane and withdraw them backward to the vicinity of the lower vein lane; the ore after collapse is also transported out through the lower access lane; the diameter of the upward blastholes is 38-44mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the ore body roof, the blasthole spacing is 1.2-1.6m, and the row spacing is 1.0-1.4m;

[0015] 7) After all the ores in the upper access tunnel and the lower access tunnel are transported, retaining walls are built at the ends of the upper access tunnel and the lower access tunnel respectively to fill and form a filling body.

[0016] Preferably, the disk area has an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; the upper access road has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m; the lower access road has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m.

[0017] The structural arrangement method of the present invention, which is suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, has the following beneficial effects after adopting the above technical scheme:

[0018] (1) Each step of ore transportation is carried out in the upper access road or the lower access road, which fundamentally solves the traditional mining method of the loader operating in the inclined road and greatly improves the working efficiency of the loader.

[0019] (2) In addition to the up and down movement of the scraper, it occasionally passes through the cross-vein inclined tunnel with an empty vehicle, which greatly reduces the risk of tipping or rollover of the scraper.

[0020] (3) As the working efficiency of the scraper has been greatly improved, the production capacity of the mine has increased by more than 50%, with significant economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view of a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the position of a vein-penetrating inclined lane of a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a structural arrangement method suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies in the present invention. Step mining cross section.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a structural arrangement method suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies in the present invention. Step mining cross section.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a structural arrangement method suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies in the present invention. Step mining cross section.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a structural arrangement method suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies in the present invention. Step mining cross section.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a structural cross-sectional view of a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies after filling is completed.

[0028] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-upper vein lane; 2-lower vein lane; 3-cross-vein inclined lane; 4-upper access lane; 5-lower access lane; 6-horizontal blasthole; 7-downward blasthole; 8-ore; 9-upward blasthole; 10-retaining wall; 11-filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To better describe the present invention, a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 The front view of the structural arrangement of the present invention suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is shown in combination with Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 It can be seen from the embodiment that the structural arrangement method of the present invention suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is implemented by the following steps:

[0031] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, with a panel length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; arrange an upper vein tunnel 1 in the upper part of the panel and a lower vein tunnel 2 in the lower part of the panel (see Figure 1 );

[0032] 2) In the adjacent areas of each panel area, a cross-vein inclined tunnel 3 is arranged to connect the upper vein tunnel 1 and the lower vein tunnel 2 (see Figure 2 );

[0033] 3) Arrange several routes in the panel area, each route is divided into and Four steps of mining in sequence:

[0034] Steps: Arrange upper access lanes 4 in sequence from the upper vein lane 1 into the ore body, wherein the width of the upper access lanes 4 is 3-6m and the height is 3-6m; arrange horizontal blastholes 6 in the upper access lanes 4 for forward mining, and the mined ore 8 is transported by a scraper through the upper access lanes 4 (see Figure 3 );

[0035] Steps: Arrange the lower access roadway 5 from the lower vein roadway 2 into the ore body in sequence, the lower access roadway 5 has a width of 3-6m and a height of 3-6m; arrange horizontal blastholes 6 in the lower access roadway 5 for forward mining, and the mined ore 8 is transported by a scraper through the lower access roadway 5 (see Figure 4 );

[0036] Steps: Arrange the downward blastholes 7 in the upper access road 4 and withdraw them backward to the vicinity of the upper vein road 1. The ore 8 after the side collapse is transported out through the lower access road 5 by a scraper (see Figure 5 );

[0037] Steps: Arrange upward blastholes 9 in the lower access roadway 5 and withdraw the ore 8 in a backward manner to the vicinity of the lower vein roadway 2. The ore 8 after the collapse is also transported out through the lower access roadway 5 (see Figure 6 );

[0038] 4) After all the ore 8 in the upper access tunnel 4 and the lower access tunnel 5 has been transported, a retaining wall 10 is built at the ends of the upper access tunnel 4 and the lower access tunnel 5 to fill and form a filling body 11 (see Figure 7 );

[0039] 5) Repeat step, step, step, Steps and 4) process, alternately mining and filling the remaining routes.

[0040] In the embodiment, the blasthole parameters are: horizontal blasthole 6 has a hole diameter of 38-44 mm, a hole depth of 2-3 m, and a hole spacing of 0.9-1.4 m; the downward blasthole 7 has a hole diameter of 38-44 mm, a hole depth that requires passing through the bottom plate of the ore body, a blasthole spacing of 1.2-1.6 m, and a row spacing of 1.0-1.4 m; the upward blasthole 9 has a hole diameter of 38-44 mm, a hole depth that requires passing through the top plate of the ore body, a blasthole spacing of 1.2-1.6 m, and a row spacing of 1.0-1.4 m. The specific size depends on the ore and rock properties of the blasthole location. Under this blasthole parameter, not only is the blasting efficiency high, but the ore block size and block size distribution are reasonable, and the shoveling efficiency is high.

[0041] The invention has been successfully applied in several underground iron mines in Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, etc. Field verification shows that the working efficiency of the scraper has been greatly improved, the production capacity of the mine has been increased by 50%-60%, the economic benefits are extremely significant, and unexpected technical and economic effects have been achieved.

[0042] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "middle", "right", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", etc. in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred parts or elements must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, characterized in that The following technical solutions are implemented: 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, arrange an upper vein tunnel (1) at the upper part of the panel, and arrange a lower vein tunnel (2) at the lower part of the panel; 2) Arranging a cross-vein inclined tunnel (3) in adjacent areas of each panel area to connect the upper vein tunnel (1) and the lower vein tunnel (2); 3) Arranging upper access lanes (4) from the upper vein lane (1) to the ore body in sequence, arranging horizontal blast holes (6) in the upper access lanes (4) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body; the horizontal blast holes (6) have a diameter of 38 to 44 mm, a hole depth of 2 to 3 m, and a blast hole spacing of 0.9 to 1.4 m; 4) Arranging lower access lanes (5) from the lower vein lane (2) to the ore body in sequence, arranging horizontal blast holes (6) in the lower access lanes (5) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body; the horizontal blast holes (6) have a diameter of 38 to 44 mm, a hole depth of 2 to 3 m, and a blast hole spacing of 0.9 to 1.4 m; 5) Arrange downward blastholes (7) in the upper access lane (4) and withdraw in a backward manner to the vicinity of the upper vein lane (1); the ore (8) after the side collapse is transported out through the lower access lane (5); the diameter of the downward blastholes (7) is 38-44 mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the bottom plate of the ore body, the blasthole spacing is 1.2-1.6 m, and the row spacing is 1.0-1.4 m; 6) Arrange upward blastholes (9) in the lower access lane (5) and withdraw them backwards to the vicinity of the lower vein lane (2); the ore (8) after collapse is also transported out through the lower access lane (5); the diameter of the upward blastholes (9) is 38-44 mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the ore body roof, the blasthole spacing is 1.2-1.6 m, and the row spacing is 1.0-1.4 m; 7) After all the ores (8) in the upper access tunnel (4) and the lower access tunnel (5) have been transported, retaining walls (10) are built at the ends of the upper access tunnel (4) and the lower access tunnel (5) respectively to fill and form a filling body (11).

2. A structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The panel area has an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; the upper access lane (4) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m; the lower access lane (5) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m.

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