Safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body

Abstract

The invention discloses a safe and efficient mining method suitable for a gently inclined medium-thickness ore body, which comprises the following steps of: dividing the ore body into panels as mining units, arranging an upper edge vein roadway (1) at the upper parts of the panels, and arranging a lower edge vein roadway (2) at the lower parts of the panels; the transverse drift inclined roadway (3) is communicated with the upper drift roadway (1) and the lower drift roadway (2); sequentially arranging an upper inlet roadway (4) from the upper edge vein roadway (1) to the interior of the ore body, and stoping to the middle of the ore body in an advancing manner by adopting a horizontal blast hole (6); sequentially arranging lower drift roadways (5) from the lower drift roadway (2) to the interior of the ore body, and stoping to the middle of the ore body by adopting a horizontal blast hole (6) in an advancing manner; downward blast holes (7) are formed in the upper inlet roadway (4) for retreating type stoping; and upward blast holes (9) are formed in the lower drift roadway (5) for retreating type stoping. According to the method disclosed by the invention, ore transportation in each step is completed in the roadway, so that the working efficiency of the carry-scraper is greatly improved, the risks of tipping, rollover and the like of the carry-scraper are reduced, and safe and efficient mining of the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and specifically relates to a mining method for a gently inclined medium-thick ore body, which can be widely used in underground mining of solid mines such as ferrous, chemical, nonferrous, gold, and coal mines. Background Art

[0002] Gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies refer to ore bodies with an inclination of 5 to 30 degrees and a thickness of 5 to 15 meters. Since the inclination of the ore body is too gentle, the ore in the mining area cannot be discharged by its own weight, and electric rakes or scrapers are often used to transport the ore.

[0003] Electric scrapers are mainly used for short-distance transportation of various loose materials on the surface or underground. They are composed of a scraper, traction wire rope, winch, pulley, etc. The scraper has teeth on the lower edge, which can be inserted into the ore or gangue pile; the winch pulls the scraper back and forth through two wire ropes to transport the ore or waste rock. Electric scrapers have problems such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, easy damage to the electric scraper track, and difficult maintenance. Therefore, they have been listed as restricted technologies in the "Catalogue of Encouraged, Restricted and Eliminated Technologies for Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources" (Land and Resources Development

[2010] No. 146) by the former Ministry of Land and Resources.

[0004] Underground loader has the advantages of flexibility, wide range, large production capacity and low production cost in transporting ore. At present, it has become the main transportation equipment in underground mining. When using loader to transport ore in inclined tunnel, the slope of the loader's driving route shall not exceed 10-12% (5.7-6.8°), and its maximum slope is generally 15% (8.5°). If the tunnel slope is too large, it will increase the difficulty coefficient of the vehicle climbing, reduce the working efficiency of the vehicle, and there will be risks of tipping and rollover.

[0005] In summary, there is currently no safe and efficient mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. The traditional mining method has a large slope in the mine tunnel, which leads to low working efficiency of the loader and the risk of tipping and rollover. The mining method provided by the present invention can reduce the slope of the tunnel to ensure that the loader basically runs in the flat tunnel, improve the working efficiency of the loader, and reduce the risk of tipping and rollover during the operation of the loader.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is provided in the present invention. The traditional inclined mine tunnel is changed into an upper entry tunnel and a lower entry tunnel, and the mining is divided into four steps. The ore transportation in each step is completed in the tunnel, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the scraper and reduces the risk of tipping and rollover of the scraper. The specific implementation is in accordance with the following technical scheme:

[0008] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, arrange upper vein lanes in the upper part of the panels, and arrange lower vein lanes in the lower part of the panels;

[0009] 2) Arrange the vein-crossing inclined lanes in the adjacent areas of each panel area to connect the upper vein lane and the lower vein lane;

[0010] 3) Several access routes are arranged in the panel area, and each access route is mined in sequence according to the following four steps:

[0011] Steps: Arrange the upper access lanes from the upper vein lane to the ore body in sequence, arrange horizontal blastholes in the upper access lanes to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and use a scraper to transport the mined ore through the upper access lanes;

[0012] Steps: Arrange the lower access lanes from the lower vein lane to the ore body in sequence, arrange horizontal blastholes in the lower access lanes for forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and use a scraper to transport the mined ore through the lower access lanes;

[0013] Steps: Arrange the backward mining of the downward blasthole in the upper access lane to the vicinity of the upper vein lane, and use the scraper to transport the ore after the side collapse through the lower access lane;

[0014] Steps: Arrange upward blastholes in the lower access lane and withdraw them backward to the vicinity of the lower vein lane. The ore after collapse is also transported out through the lower access lane;

[0015] 4) After all the ore in the upper access lane and the lower access lane is transported, retaining walls are built at the ends of the upper access lane and the lower access lane respectively to fill and form a filling body;

[0016] 5) Repeat step, step, step, Steps and 4) process, alternately mining and filling the remaining routes.

[0017] Preferably, the panel area has an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; the upper access lane (4) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m; the lower access lane (5) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m.

[0018] The safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies of the present invention has the following beneficial effects after adopting the above technical scheme:

[0019] (1) Each step of ore transportation is carried out in the upper access road or the lower access road, which fundamentally solves the traditional mining method of the loader operating in the inclined road and greatly improves the working efficiency of the loader.

[0020] (2) In addition to the up and down movement of the scraper, it occasionally passes through the vein inclined tunnel with an empty vehicle, which greatly reduces the risk of tipping or rollover of the scraper.

[0021] (3) As the working efficiency of the scraper has been greatly improved, the production capacity of the mine has increased by more than 50%, with significant economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The present invention is a structural front view of a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the position of a vein-crossing inclined tunnel in a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for a gently inclined medium-thick ore body. Step mining cross section.

[0025] Figure 4 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for a gently inclined medium-thick ore body. Step mining cross section.

[0026] Figure 5 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for a gently inclined medium-thick ore body. Step mining cross section.

[0027] Figure 6 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for a gently inclined medium-thick ore body. Step mining cross section.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural cross-section diagram after filling is completed for a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 The present invention is a production process flow chart of a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies.

[0030] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-upper vein lane; 2-lower vein lane; 3-cross-vein inclined lane; 4-upper access lane; 5-lower access lane; 6-horizontal blasthole; 7-downward blasthole; 8-ore; 9-upward blasthole; 10-retaining wall; 11-filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To better describe the present invention, a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Figure 8 The production process flow chart of the present invention is a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies and combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 It can be seen that the present invention is a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which is implemented by the following processes and steps:

[0033] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, with a panel length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; arrange an upper vein tunnel 1 in the upper part of the panel and a lower vein tunnel 2 in the lower part of the panel (see Figure 1 );

[0034] 2) In the adjacent areas of each panel area, a cross-vein inclined tunnel 3 is arranged to connect the upper vein tunnel 1 and the lower vein tunnel 2 (see Figure 2 );

[0035] 3) Arrange several routes in the panel area, each route is divided into and Four steps of mining in sequence:

[0036] Steps: Arrange upper access lanes 4 in sequence from the upper vein lane 1 into the ore body, the upper access lanes 4 are 3-6m wide and 3-6m high; arrange horizontal blastholes 6 in the upper access lanes 4 to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and the mined ore 8 is transported by a shovel loader through the upper access lanes 4 (see Figure 3 );

[0037] Steps: Arrange the lower access road 5 from the lower vein road 2 into the ore body in sequence, the lower access road 5 has a width of 3-6m and a height of 3-6m; arrange horizontal blastholes 6 in the lower access road 5 to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and the mined ore 8 is transported by a scraper through the lower access road 5 (see Figure 4 );

[0038] Steps: Arrange the downward blastholes 7 in the upper access road 4 and withdraw them backward to the vicinity of the upper vein road 1. The ore 8 after the side collapse is transported out through the lower access road 5 by a scraper (see Figure 5 );

[0039] Steps: Arrange upward blastholes 9 in the lower access roadway 5 and withdraw the ore 8 in a backward manner to the vicinity of the lower vein roadway 2. The ore 8 after the collapse is also transported out through the lower access roadway 5 (see Figure 6 );

[0040] 4) After all the ore 8 in the upper access tunnel 4 and the lower access tunnel 5 has been transported, a retaining wall 10 is built at the ends of the upper access tunnel 4 and the lower access tunnel 5 to fill and form a filling body 11 (see Figure 7 );

[0041] 5) Repeat step, step, step, Steps and 4) process, alternately mining and filling the remaining routes.

[0042] In the embodiment, the blasthole parameters are: horizontal blasthole 6 has a diameter of 39-43 mm, a hole depth of 2.3-3 m, and a blasthole spacing of 1.0-1.4 m; the downward blasthole 7 has a diameter of 39-44 mm, a hole depth that requires passing through the bottom plate of the ore body, a blasthole spacing of 1.2-1.5 m, and a row spacing of 1.1-1.4 m; the upward blasthole 9 has a diameter of 39-44 mm, a hole depth that requires passing through the top plate of the ore body, a blasthole spacing of 1.2-1.5 m, and a row spacing of 1.0-1.4 m. The specific size depends on the ore and rock properties of the blasthole location. Under this blasthole parameter, not only is the blasting efficiency high, but the ore block size and block size distribution are reasonable, and the shoveling efficiency is high.

[0043] The invention has been successfully applied in several underground iron mines in Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, etc. Field verification shows that the working efficiency of the scraper has been greatly improved, the production capacity of the mine has been increased by 50%-60%, the economic benefits are extremely significant, and unexpected technical and economic effects have been achieved.

[0044] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "middle", "right", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", etc. in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred parts or elements must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, characterized in that The following technical solutions are implemented: 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, arrange an upper vein tunnel (1) at the upper part of the panel, and arrange a lower vein tunnel (2) at the lower part of the panel; 2) Arrange a cross-vein inclined tunnel (3) in adjacent areas of each panel area to connect the upper vein tunnel (1) and the lower vein tunnel (2); 3) Several access routes are arranged in the panel area, and each access route is mined in sequence according to the following four steps: Steps: arranging upper access lanes (4) in sequence from the upper vein lane (1) into the ore body, arranging horizontal blastholes (6) in the upper access lanes (4) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and transporting the mined ore (8) through the upper access lanes (4) using a scraper; Steps: lower access lanes (5) are arranged in sequence from the lower vein lane (2) into the ore body, horizontal blast holes (6) are arranged in the lower access lanes (5) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and the mined ore (8) is transported by a scraper through the lower access lanes (5); Steps: Arrange downward blastholes (7) in the upper access lane (4) and carry out mining in a backward manner to the vicinity of the upper vein lane (1), and use a scraper to transport the ore (8) after side collapse through the lower access lane (5); Steps: arranging upward blastholes (9) in the lower access roadway (5) to carry out mining in a backward manner to the vicinity of the lower vein roadway (2), and the ore (8) after collapse is also transported out through the lower access roadway (5); 4) After all the ores (8) in the upper access tunnel (4) and the lower access tunnel (5) have been transported, retaining walls (10) are built at the ends of the upper access tunnel (4) and the lower access tunnel (5) to fill and form a filling body (11); 5) Repeat step, step, step, Steps and 4) process, alternately mining and filling the remaining routes.

2. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The panel area has an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; The upper access lane (4) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m; the lower access lane (5) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m.

Images