Method for stoping ore through combination of well cutting groove broaching and large-hole groove broaching

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for stoping ore through combination of well cutting groove broaching and large hole groove broaching, which comprises the following steps: S1, normally distributing holes in a stope with the hole distance of 2.7 m, the row distance of 2.8 m and the large hole diameter of 165 mm, designing a cutting well at the end part of the stope, and additionally arranging a plurality of groove holes at the top breaking position; s2, the cut well is used as an initial free surface, groove broaching blasting is carried out, the top is not broken, and the groove broaching height is 21.8-22.5 m; s3, laterally collapsing the peripheral flat cable holes until the lower part of the top breaking area laterally collapses, and then collapsing the plurality of slotted holes and the peripheral flat cable holes downwards by using a dead zone formed at the lower part as a self-use surface until the top is broken; and S4, after top breaking, remaining ores in the stope are stoped in sequence. The ore is stoped through the combination of well cutting groove broaching and large-hole groove broaching, the ore stoping dilution rate can be controlled at a low level, and ore loss can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ore mining, in particular to a method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and grooving and large-hole grooving. Background Art

[0002] The large-diameter deep hole stage empty field followed by filling mining method is adopted, with stage height of 45~55m, trench bottom structure, drilling and blasting parameters of hole spacing of 2.5~3.5m, row spacing of 2.5~3.5m, and large hole diameter of 165mm. For inclined metal ore bodies of medium stability or above, 8~15m thick, a reverse well drilling rig is used to construct a cutting well at a reasonable position in the stope. The cutting well provides the initial free surface, and the slot blasting is gradually carried out. After the cutting slot is formed, the side collapse blasting can be carried out in sequence to complete the ore recovery in the above stope. There are usually two schemes for the design of the cutting well position, as follows: Technical solution 1: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the cutting well is designed at the end of the stope, and the cutting well is constructed by a raise borer. The initial free surface provided by the cutting well is used to gradually draw grooves. After the cutting groove is formed, side caving blasting is carried out in sequence to collapse the ore and waste rock together, thereby minimizing the loss of ore and avoiding waste of resources. Technical solution 2: Figure 2 As shown, the cutting well is designed to be located in the middle of the mining area, and the cutting well is constructed by a raise drilling rig. The initial free surface provided by the cutting well is used to gradually cut grooves. After the cutting groove is formed, side caving blasting is carried out in sequence to reduce collapsed waste rock and reduce the ore depletion rate. However, since part of the ore cannot be recovered, a small amount of ore loss will also be caused.

[0003] Regarding the above technical solutions, the defects of technical solution 1 are: a large amount of waste rock is mixed in during ore recovery, the mining depletion rate is high, and the cost of copper mining per ton is high; Technical Solution 2 Defects: Technical Solution 2 can control the ore depletion rate within a reasonable range, but there is still some ore loss, which fails to maximize economic benefits and is not suitable for mining high-grade and high-value ore bodies; Therefore, the present application provides a method for combining well cutting and grooving and large-hole grooving to recover ore to meet the demand. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and grooving and large-hole grooving, so as to recover as much ore as possible and minimize the ore loss rate; reduce the mixing of waste rock and reduce the ore depletion rate.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and slotting and large hole slotting, comprising the following steps: S1: normal hole arrangement in the stope, with a hole spacing of 2.7m, a row spacing of 2.8m, a large hole diameter of 165mm, a well cutting design at the end of the stope, and in addition, multiple slot holes are added at the top breaking position; S2: With the cut well as the initial free surface, groove blasting (1st to 3rd shots) is carried out, but the top is not broken, and the height of the groove is 21.8-22.5m; S3: collapse the peripheral arrangement holes sideways (4th to 5th shots), until the lower part of the top area collapses sideways (6th shot), and then use the empty area formed at the bottom as a self-use surface to collapse multiple slot holes and peripheral arrangement holes downward until the top is broken (7th to 10th shots); S4: After breaking the roof, the remaining ore in this mining area is mined in sequence (11th shot).

[0006] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, in step S1, in step S1, the slot holes are set to 8, which are respectively recorded as slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, slot 4, slot 5, slot 6, slot 7, and slot 8. The slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4 are arranged in a regular quadrilateral with the broken top position as the axis, and the slot 5, slot 6, slot 7, and slot 8 are located on the periphery of the slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4, and are arranged in a regular quadrilateral with the broken top position as the axis.

[0007] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the diagonals of the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 1, 2, 3 and 4 coincide with each other.

[0008] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the hole spacing of slots 1, 2, 3, and 4 is 0.8 to 1 m, the hole spacing of slots 5, 6, 7, and 8 is 2.4-2.7 m, and the large hole diameter is 165 mm.

[0009] As a preferred implementation mode in this embodiment, each time a landslide operation is performed, the vertical distance from the previous landslide surface to the next landslide surface does not exceed 5 meters.

[0010] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: The invention has a reasonable structure and adopts well cutting and slotting and large hole slotting to recover ore, which can control the ore recovery depletion rate at a low level and avoid ore loss. In the present invention, 8 slots are arranged at the top breaking position, and every four slots are arranged in a group to form two regular quadrilateral arrangement structures of different sizes. The small regular quadrilateral arrangement structure is located inside the large regular quadrilateral arrangement structure. This arrangement helps to reduce the loss and depletion of ore in the subsequent mining process, improve the recovery rate and grade of ore, and also helps to reduce the retention of ore after blasting. These slots can form a more unobstructed ore flow channel to ensure that the ore can be smoothly recovered from the goaf; In the present invention, the diagonals of the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 5, 6, 7 and 8 overlap with the diagonals of the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 1, 2, 3 and 4. The design of overlapping diagonals enhances the overall stability of the slot structure, so that during the slot blasting and side collapse, the collapse of the ore is more orderly and controllable, and the crushing and depletion of the ore are reduced; the transmission path of the blasting energy is optimized, making the blasting more efficient and reducing unnecessary ore losses; by enhancing the stability of the structure and optimizing the blasting process, the design helps to reduce the depletion and loss of the ore, thereby improving the ore recovery rate and the overall mining efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0012] Figure 1 Design drawing for the hole arrangement at the end of the stope for the existing cut well; Figure 2 Design drawing for the hole layout in the middle of the stope for the existing cut well; Figure 3 The hole arrangement design for well cutting and grooving and large hole grooving combined with ore recovery of the present invention; Figure 4 The blasting sequence of well cutting and slotting and large hole slotting combined with ore recovery in the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged slot distribution diagram at point A in the middle.

[0013] In the figure: 1. Well cutting; 2. Drilling; 3. Block line; 4. Mining chamber; 5. Slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] Embodiment: A method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and slotting and large hole slotting, comprising the following steps: S1: normal hole arrangement in the stope, with a hole spacing of 2.7m, a row spacing of 2.8m, a large hole diameter of 165mm, a well cutting design at the end of the stope, and in addition, multiple slot holes are added at the top breaking position; By setting multiple slots at the broken top in advance, a clear operation path and positioning points can be provided for subsequent well cutting and grooving and large hole grooving operations, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of mining operations; the setting of multiple slots helps the natural flow of ore during the mining process, reduces the retention and accumulation of ore in the goaf, and thus reduces the loss and depletion of ore.

[0016] It should be noted that the subsequent slot holes are packed with spherical explosives, with the bottom as the free surface, which are blasted downward to form an inverted funnel slot cavity, which is blasted multiple times until the top is broken.

[0017] S2: With the cut well as the initial free surface, groove blasting (1st to 3rd shots) is carried out, but the top is not broken, and the height of the groove is 21.8-22.5m; The well cutting and slotting blasting does not break the roof, which greatly reduces the amount of waste rock recovered; The height of the groove is within this range, which can ensure that the shock wave and stress wave generated by the blasting are effectively propagated in the ore body, and can also avoid the dispersion of blasting energy and insufficient ore crushing caused by too high a groove height, and avoid excessive ore crushing, thereby reducing the dilution rate; When the slot height is lower than 21.8, the shock wave and stress wave generated by the blasting may not be able to fully propagate into the ore body, resulting in limited blasting effect and insufficient ore crushing; when the slot height is higher than 22.5, the shock wave and stress wave generated by the blasting may be dispersed due to the long propagation distance, resulting in weakened blasting effect, inability to fully crush the ore, and affecting the recovery efficiency.

[0018] S3: collapse the peripheral row holes (4th to 5th shots), until the lower part of the top area collapses (6th shot), and then use the empty area formed at the bottom as a self-use surface to collapse multiple slot holes and peripheral row holes downwards, with each cycle not exceeding 5 meters, until the top is broken (7th to 10th shots); S4: After breaking the roof, the remaining ore in this mining area is mined in sequence (11th shot).

[0019] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, in step S1, the slot holes are set to 8, which are respectively recorded as slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, slot 4, slot 5, slot 6, slot 7, and slot 8. The slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4 are arranged in a regular quadrilateral with the broken top position as the axis, and the slot 5, slot 6, slot 7, and slot 8 are located on the periphery of the slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4, and are arranged in a regular quadrilateral with the broken top position as the axis.

[0020] Slots 1, 2, 3 and 4 are arranged in a regular quadrilateral, which can ensure that the blasting energy is evenly distributed in the ore body. This arrangement helps to avoid local over-blasting, thereby reducing excessive crushing and dilution of the ore; slots 5, 6, 7 and 8 are arranged in a regular quadrilateral on the periphery, which further enhances the uniform transfer of blasting energy and ensures that the ore in the entire top-breaking area can be properly crushed; the regular quadrilateral arrangement design helps to form a more uniform crushing surface, so that the ore can be formed into moderate-sized and regular-shaped fragments after blasting; This arrangement helps to reduce the loss and dilution of ore in the subsequent mining process, and improves the recovery rate and grade of ore; the peripheral slots 5, 6, 7 and 8 not only enhance the blasting effect, but also help to reduce the retention of ore after blasting. These slots can form a smoother ore flow channel, ensuring that the ore can be smoothly recovered from the goaf; The setting of 8 slots can ensure the blasting effect while avoiding too many slots causing the blasting energy to be dispersed, thus affecting the ore crushing effect and recovery efficiency; too many slots mean more drilling operations and explosive consumption, increasing the recovery cost, while the setting of 8 slots can effectively control the cost while ensuring the recovery efficiency; When the number of slots is less than 8, too few slots will lead to uneven distribution of blasting energy, and some areas will not be fully crushed, affecting the recovery rate and crushing effect of the ore; When the number of slots is less than 8, too many slots will cause the blasting energy to be dispersed, affecting the crushing effect and recovery rate of the ore. More slots mean more drilling operations and explosives consumption, thereby increasing the mining cost. At the same time, too many slots will increase the risk of damage to the surrounding geological structure and affect the stability of the mining site.

[0021] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the diagonals of the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 1, 2, 3 and 4 coincide with each other.

[0022] The design of overlapping diagonals enhances the overall stability of the slot structure, making the ore collapse more orderly and controllable during slot blasting and side collapse, reducing ore breakage and depletion; it optimizes the transfer path of blasting energy, making blasting more efficient and reducing unnecessary ore loss; by enhancing structural stability and optimizing the blasting process, this design helps reduce ore depletion and loss, thereby improving ore recovery and overall mining efficiency.

[0023] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the hole spacing of slots 1, 2, 3, and 4 is 0.8 to 1 m, the hole spacing of slots 5, 6, 7, and 8 is 2.4-2.7 m, and the large hole diameter is 165 mm.

[0024] The hole spacing between slots 1-4 is relatively close, which can more effectively utilize the explosive energy, form a more uniform blasting effect, and improve the crushing efficiency of the ore. The relatively close hole spacing helps to control the blasting range and avoid unnecessary damage to the surrounding ore and geological structure, thereby reducing ore loss and dilution; The hole spacing between slots 5-8 is relatively far to adapt to the physical characteristics and distribution of the ore. The relatively far hole spacing can reduce the excessive crushing and dilution of the ore while ensuring the blasting effect. By reasonably setting the hole spacing between slots 5-8, the ore flow and loading efficiency during the mining process can be optimized, and the mining efficiency can be improved; When the hole spacing between slots 1-4 is less than 0.8m, the too close hole spacing may lead to overlapping blasting energy, causing local excessive crushing and increased ore depletion; when the hole spacing between slots 1-4 is higher than 1m, the too far hole spacing may lead to uneven blasting effect and some areas cannot be fully crushed. Therefore, the hole spacing between slots 1-4 is set at 0.8 to 1m.

[0025] When the hole spacing between slots 5-8 is less than 2.4m, too close a hole spacing may cause excessive crushing of the ore and increase ore depletion; when the hole spacing between slots 5-8 is higher than 2.7m, too far a hole spacing may result in insufficient blasting effect and some areas are not fully crushed, so the hole spacing between slots 5-8 is set at 2.4-2.7m.

[0026] As a preferred implementation mode in this embodiment, each time a landslide operation is performed, the vertical distance from the previous landslide surface to the next landslide surface does not exceed 5 meters.

[0027] When it exceeds 5 meters, the blasting energy will be dispersed, making it impossible for the ore to be fully crushed, affecting the blasting effect.

[0028] The main effects of the present invention are to avoid ore loss and greatly reduce the ore recovery depletion rate. Figure 3Taking the -658m middle section of a mine in Tongling, Anhui as an example, the ore loss rate is only 3% and the ore depletion rate is 16% by using the combined ore recovery method of cutting wells and grooving large holes. Compared with technical solution 1, it can reduce the mixing of waste rock by 5,000t; compared with technical solution 2, it can reduce the ore loss by 1,800t.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and large hole cutting, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Normal hole arrangement in the stope, with a hole spacing of 2.7m, a row spacing of 2.8m, a large hole diameter of 165mm, and a well cut designed at the end of the stope. In addition, multiple slot holes are added at the top breaking position; S2: With the cut well as the initial free surface, groove blasting is carried out without breaking the top, and the groove height is 21.8-22.5m; S3: collapse the peripheral wiring holes sideways until the lower part of the top area collapses sideways, and then use the empty area formed at the bottom as a self-use surface to collapse multiple slot holes and peripheral row holes downwards until the top is broken; S4: After breaking the roof, the remaining ore in this mine is mined in sequence.

2. The method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and grooving and large hole grooving according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the number of the slot holes is set to 8, which are respectively recorded as slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, slot 4, slot 5, slot 6, slot 7, and slot 8. The slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4 are arranged in a regular quadrilateral with the broken top position as the axis. The slot 5, slot 6, slot 7, and slot 8 are located on the periphery of the slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4, and are arranged in a regular quadrilateral with the broken top position as the axis.

3. The method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and grooving and large hole grooving according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diagonals of the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the regular quadrilateral formed by the grooves 1, 2, 3 and 4 overlap in pairs.

4. The method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and grooving and large hole grooving according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hole distance between two adjacent slots in slots 1, 2, 3 and 4 is 0.8 to 1 m, the hole distance between two adjacent slots in slots 5, 6, 7 and 8 is 2.4-2.7 m, and the diameter of the large hole is 165 mm.

5. The method for recovering ore by combining well cutting and grooving and large hole grooving according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, each time a landslide operation is performed, the vertical distance from the previous landslide surface to the next landslide surface does not exceed 5 meters.

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