Shock absorption device for shallow hole blasting

Abstract

The invention discloses a shallow hole blasting shock absorption device which comprises a central column, a shock absorption device, a shock absorption device, a shock absorption device and a shock absorption device, and the central column can generate damping force and is used for attenuating impact force generated by blasting; the arc-shaped plates are arranged on the periphery of the central column and used for bearing impact force generated by blasting and transmitting the impact force to the central column through damping force generated by the central column; the center column comprises a column body and a damping mechanism used for generating damping force, and the damping mechanism comprises multiple sets of damping cavities distributed on the column body in a circular array mode and damping pistons arranged in the damping cavities. When blasting impact force is transmitted to the shock absorption device, the arc-shaped plate receives the impact force and transmits the impact force to the damping piston, pressure is applied to the damping medium in the damping cavity, the damping medium flows into the pressure relief cavity through the damping hole under the action of the pressure, damping force is generated, the impact force generated by blasting is absorbed, and the shock absorption effect is achieved. Therefore, the impact and damage of blasting to the original structure are effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device. Background Art

[0002] Shallow hole blasting, also known as shallow eye blasting or open-pit shallow hole blasting, is a method widely used in engineering blasting. It is mainly used for rock excavation, secondary crushing of large blocks and other operations. Its characteristics are that the diameter of the blasthole is less than or equal to 50mm and the depth is less than or equal to 5m. Shallow hole blasting has the advantages of wide application range, simple equipment, convenience and flexibility, and simple process. As long as the calculation of the amount of explosives is strictly mastered and the blasting parameters are adjusted according to the properties of the rock, the expected blasting effect can be easily achieved.

[0003] Shallow hole blasting plays an important role in engineering blasting. Its application areas include shaft and tunnel excavation, chamber excavation, open-pit small-step mining, underground shallow-hole caving, secondary crushing, slope and dangerous rock treatment blasting, building stone, highway and railway stone engineering, as well as tunnel, ditch, bridge and culvert foundation excavation stone, etc.

[0004] In the existing technology, the existing structure is predicted and the possible impact range is determined mainly by conducting engineering geological surveys and mechanical analysis before blasting construction. During the construction process, the surface settlement, vibration and other parameters are monitored in real time. If there is any abnormality, timely countermeasures are taken, such as reducing the charge, changing the detonation sequence or increasing the distance between blast holes, to reduce the vibration intensity. Although reducing the charge, changing the detonation sequence or increasing the distance between blast holes can reduce the vibration intensity to a certain extent, it often requires a lot of calculations and planning before construction, and it is relatively difficult to adjust in actual construction. This limits the flexibility and timeliness of the countermeasures.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a shallow hole blasting shock absorption device that can effectively absorb the impact force generated by the blasting and provide more effective protection for existing structures, which not only reduces the risk of structural damage, but also extends the service life and reduces maintenance costs. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device, which can effectively absorb the impact force generated by blasting and provide more effective protection for existing structures, thereby effectively reducing the impact and damage of vibration to the original structure.

[0007] A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device of the present invention comprises:

[0008] The central column can generate a damping force to attenuate the impact force generated by the explosion;

[0009] A plurality of arc-shaped plates are arranged around the central column, and are used to bear the impact force generated by the explosion, and transmit the impact force to the central column through the damping force generated by the central column.

[0010] Furthermore, the central column includes a column and a damping mechanism for generating a damping force, the damping mechanism includes a plurality of groups of damping chambers distributed in a circular array on the column and a damping piston arranged in the damping chamber, the piston rod of the damping piston extends out of the damping chamber and cooperates with the arc plate to transmit the impact force; the axes of each group of the damping mechanisms converge and intersect with the central axis of the column, that is, each group of the damping mechanisms is radially arranged on a certain cross-section of the central column.

[0011] Furthermore, the damping mechanism also includes an injection channel opened in the column body, including a main channel and a plurality of branch channels connected to the main channel. The main channel is arranged at the axis of the central column, and the branch channels are radially distributed around the main channel and are connected to the damping chambers one by one, for injecting damping medium into each damping chamber before use.

[0012] Furthermore, the damping piston divides the damping chamber into a medium chamber and a pressure relief chamber. The medium chamber is connected to the branch channel for storing the damping medium, and the pressure relief chamber is used to store the inert gas. The inert gas has good compressibility and elasticity. When the blasting vibration is transmitted to the shock-absorbing hole, the inert gas can generate a greater damping force in the damping chamber, thereby more effectively absorbing and dispersing the impact force. The inert gas filling can also increase the pressure stability in the damping chamber, making the movement of the piston more stable and controllable.

[0013] The damping medium enters each medium chamber through a branch channel before use. The type of damping medium can be adjusted according to the actual construction situation. Therefore, by changing parameters such as the type and injection amount of the damping medium, it is possible to adapt to blasting construction requirements of different scales and types to improve the flexibility of the device.

[0014] Furthermore, the damping piston is provided with a damping hole, and the damping hole is closed by a pressure limiting piece. When the damping piston is subjected to a pressure exceeding a set threshold value, the pressure limiting piece opens under the action of the damping medium. Under the action of the pressure, the damping medium flows into the pressure relief chamber through the damping hole and compresses the inert gas, thereby generating a damping force to absorb the impact force generated by the explosion.

[0015] Furthermore, the branch channels are respectively provided with electromagnetic valves for opening and closing according to the pressure value of the damping medium injected into the damping chamber.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a data acquisition unit and a control unit. The data acquisition unit can use a pressure sensor to collect pressure data when the damping medium is injected into the damping chamber. The data acquisition unit is located in the medium chamber and sends the collected data to the control unit. The control unit sends an opening and closing command to the electromagnetic valve according to a preset threshold and the pressure data obtained by the data acquisition unit.

[0017] Furthermore, the arc-shaped plates have set elasticity, are arranged around the central column, match the curvature of the surface of the central column, and correspond one-to-one with the damping chamber in number.

[0018] Furthermore, a plurality of energy-absorbing springs are distributed between the arc-shaped plate and the central column. The energy-absorbing springs are evenly arranged on the central column and connected to the arc-shaped plate to absorb part of the impact force.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention: A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device of the present invention can effectively absorb and disperse the impact force generated by the blasting through the design of the arc plate, the damping piston and the damping chamber. When the blasting impact force is transmitted to the shock absorbing device, the arc plate receives the impact force and transmits it to the damping piston, and applies pressure to the damping medium in the damping chamber. Under the action of pressure, the damping medium flows into the pressure relief chamber through the damping hole and compresses the inert gas, while generating a damping force and gradually dissipating the impact force, thereby effectively reducing the impact and damage of the vibration to the original structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at P in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention, Figure 3 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at P in the middle is shown in the figure: A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device of this embodiment includes:

[0025] The central column 3 can generate a damping force to attenuate the impact force generated by the explosion;

[0026] A plurality of arc-shaped plates 2 are arranged around the central column 3 to bear the impact force generated by the explosion and transmit the impact force to the central column 3 through the damping force generated by the central column 3 .

[0027] In this embodiment, the central column 3 includes a column and a damping mechanism for generating a damping force, wherein the damping mechanism includes a plurality of groups of damping chambers 1 distributed in a circular array on the column and a damping piston 102 arranged in the damping chamber, and the piston rod 108 of the damping piston 102 extends out of the damping chamber 1 and cooperates with the arc plate 2 to transmit the impact force; the axes of each group of the damping mechanisms converge and intersect with the central axis of the column, that is, each group of the damping mechanisms is radially arranged on a certain cross section of the central column 3.

[0028] In this embodiment, the damping mechanism also includes an injection channel opened in the column, including a main channel 4 and multiple branch channels 401 connected to the main channel. The main channel 4 is arranged at the axis of the central column 3, and the branch channels 401 are radially distributed around the main channel and are connected to the damping chambers 1 one by one, and are used to inject damping medium into each damping chamber 1 before use. With the continuous injection of the damping medium, the pressure in the medium chamber 101 area gradually increases, and the damping piston 102 slides outward. The damping piston 102 drives the piston rod 108 to move outward, thereby driving the arc plate 2 to expand outward, so that the arc plate 2 is close to the side wall of the shock-absorbing hole.

[0029] In this embodiment, the damping piston 102 divides the damping chamber 1 into a medium chamber 101 and a pressure relief chamber 105. The medium chamber 101 is connected to the branch channel 401 for storing damping medium, and the pressure relief chamber 105 is used to store inert gas. The inert gas has good compressibility and elasticity. When the blasting vibration is transmitted to the shock-absorbing hole, the inert gas can generate a greater damping force in the damping chamber 1, thereby more effectively absorbing and dispersing the impact force. The inert gas filling can also increase the pressure stability in the damping chamber 1, so that the movement of the damping piston 102 is more stable and controllable.

[0030] The damping medium enters each medium chamber 101 through a branch channel before use. The type of damping medium can be adjusted according to the actual construction situation. Therefore, by changing parameters such as the type and injection amount of the damping medium, it is possible to adapt to blasting construction requirements of different scales and types to improve the flexibility of the device.

[0031] In this embodiment, the damping piston 102 is provided with a damping hole 104, and the damping hole 104 is closed by a pressure limiting member 106. When the damping piston 102 is subjected to a pressure exceeding a set threshold, the pressure limiting member 106 opens under the action of the damping medium. Under the action of the pressure, the damping medium flows into the pressure relief chamber 105 through the damping hole 104 and compresses the inert gas, thereby generating a damping force to absorb the impact force generated by the explosion.

[0032] In this embodiment, the branch channels 401 are respectively provided with electromagnetic valves 103 for opening and closing according to the pressure value of the damping medium injected into the damping chamber 1 .

[0033] In this embodiment, a data acquisition unit 107 and a control unit are also included. The data acquisition unit 107 can use a pressure sensor to collect pressure data when the damping medium is injected into the damping chamber 1. The data acquisition unit 107 is located in the medium chamber and sends the collected data to the control unit. The control unit sends an opening and closing command to the electromagnetic valve 103 according to a preset threshold and the pressure data obtained by the data acquisition unit. When the fluid pressure in the medium chamber 101 reaches the threshold, the control unit controls the electromagnetic valve 103 of the branch channel 401 to close to complete the filling of the damping medium.

[0034] In this embodiment, the arc-shaped plates 2 have a set elasticity, are arranged around the central column 3, match the curvature of the surface of the central column 3, and correspond one-to-one with the damping chambers 1 in terms of quantity.

[0035] In this embodiment, a plurality of energy absorbing springs 201 are distributed between the arc plate 2 and the central column 3. The energy absorbing springs 201 are evenly arranged on the central column and connected to the arc plate 2 to absorb part of the impact force.

[0036] In this embodiment, when the impact force generated by the explosion is transmitted to the shock-absorbing hole, the arc plate 2 will be driven to deflect toward the center column 3, and the piston rod will then drive the damping piston 102 to move toward the bottom of the damping chamber 1. At this time, the pressure of the medium chamber 101 at the bottom of the damping chamber 1 will increase. When the pressure that the pressure-limiting member 106 can withstand exceeds the threshold, the damping hole 104 will be opened to connect the areas on both sides of the damping piston 102. Under the action of pressure, the damping medium passes through the damping hole 104 and enters one end of the pressure relief chamber 105 of the damping chamber 1. The damping force generated by the synergistic effect of the damping medium and the damping piston 102 is used to absorb the impact force generated by the explosion, thereby playing a role in attenuating vibration.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device, characterized in that: include: The center column can generate a damping force to attenuate the impact force generated by the explosion; A plurality of arc-shaped plates are arranged around the central column, and are used to bear the impact force generated by the explosion, and transmit the impact force to the central column through the damping force generated by the central column.

2. A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central column includes a column and a damping mechanism for generating a damping force. The damping mechanism includes a plurality of damping chambers distributed in a circular array on the column and a damping piston arranged in the damping chamber. The piston rod of the damping piston extends out of the damping chamber and cooperates with the arc plate to transmit the impact force.

3. A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The damping mechanism also includes a liquid injection channel opened in the column body, including a main channel and a plurality of branch channels connected to the main channel. The main channel is arranged at the axis of the central column, and the branch channels are radially distributed around the main channel and are connected to the damping chambers one by one.

4. A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The damping piston divides the damping chamber into a medium chamber and a pressure relief chamber. The medium chamber is connected to the branch channel for storing damping medium, and the pressure relief chamber is used to store inert gas. The damping medium enters each medium chamber through the branch channel before use.

5. A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The damping piston is provided with a damping hole, and the damping hole is closed by a pressure-limiting member. When the pressure on the damping piston exceeds a set threshold, the pressure-limiting member opens under the action of the damping medium.

6. A shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The branch channels are respectively provided with electromagnetic valves for opening and closing according to the pressure value of the damping medium injected into the damping chamber.

7. The shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a data acquisition unit and a control unit. The data acquisition unit is used to collect pressure data when the damping medium is injected into the damping chamber. The control unit sends an opening and closing command to the electromagnetic valve according to a preset threshold and the pressure data obtained by the data acquisition unit.

8. The shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped plates have set elasticity, are arranged around the central column, match the curvature of the surface of the central column, and correspond one-to-one with the damping chambers in number.

9. The shallow hole blasting shock absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of energy absorbing springs are distributed between the arc plate and the central column.

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