Method and system for mass transfer and chemical reaction to improve hydrogen fuel cell efficiency

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of finite element analysis, and discloses a method and system for analyzing mass transfer and chemical reaction in a porous cathode through finite elements to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell, and the method comprises the following steps: designing and simulating a two-dimensional model of the cathode of the fuel cell in a COMSOL code; conditions of the porous cathode are defined; setting the surface in contact with the cathode current collector as a potential boundary; the surface in contact with the anode defines potential and reaction boundaries, and the transmission mechanism of the involved gas is selected. The invention supports a powerful tool for advanced fuel cell development, provides detailed insights for key parameters, and provides an innovative, efficient and reliable fuel cell design and performance platform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of finite element analysis, and in particular relates to a method and system for finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reaction in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells play a key role in generating clean electricity, converting the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy without causing pollution. They are widely used in transportation, portable electronic devices, and stationary energy storage. Fuel cells have efficiencies between 60-75%, providing a cleaner alternative to traditional energy sources, although their efficiency tends to decline over time. Ways to improve the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells include using materials that can withstand high operating conditions and controlling humidity within the fuel cell. The byproduct heat and water vapor can be recovered for other applications, such as in vehicle manufacturing, power generation, and portable electronic devices, thereby improving the overall sustainability of the fuel cell. Fuel cell technology has the potential to reduce dependence on imported oil and improve air quality, making it an important part of the global transition to cleaner energy. Fuel cells are widely used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine an electric motor, an internal combustion engine, and a fuel tank for propulsion. These vehicles use both batteries and fuel cells to optimize efficiency and performance. Combining an internal combustion engine with an electric battery-motor system offers a solution to the problem of fuel portability, providing dual power sources and improving efficiency. However, traditional HEVs rely solely on battery power for electric propulsion and can only travel short distances before the battery is depleted. The introduction of fuel cells in hybrid electric vehicles addresses this limitation, providing a continuous power source as long as air and hydrogen are available.

[0003] The performance of fuel cells is affected by operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, stoichiometric flow ratio, and humidity, which affect water balance and overall efficiency. Proper management of these parameters is critical to the performance of hydrogen fuel cells and can guide the design of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and flow fields. In this work, fuel cell channel design and static studies were performed using COMSOL. The simulation results show the changes in current density, overpotential, pressure, and electrolyte potential when operating at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius. At high current densities (1.18×10 3 -2.67×10 3 ), the simulation results show that the cathode overpotential is very low (-0.3V-0.4V). The oxygen concentration is (0.02-0.12) mL / mol. The electrolyte potential is found to increase and the surface pressure caused by fluid flow increases from 0 to 39.9 Pa. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for analyzing mass transfer and chemical reactions in a porous cathode by finite element analysis to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by a method for finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell, the method comprising:

[0006] S1: Designed and simulated a 2D model of the cathode of a fuel cell in COMSOL code;

[0007] S2: defines the conditions of the porous cathode;

[0008] S3: Set the surface in contact with the cathode current collector as the potential boundary;

[0009] S4: The surface in contact with the anode defines the potential and reaction boundaries, and the transport mechanism for the gases involved is selected.

[0010] Further, the two-dimensional model of the cathode of the fuel cell includes a top view of the cathode, the anode, the gas diffusion layer and the proton exchange membrane sandwiched therebetween;

[0011] Furthermore, the fuel cell material and its properties are selected from the material library of the COMSOL code; carbon nanotubes are selected as electrodes, graphite is selected as the gas diffusion layer (GDL), and polyimide is selected as the membrane material.

[0012] Further, the S1 specifically includes:

[0013] A 3D structure was established, in which a quarter-circle portion of the top boundary is the anode surface, open to the feed gas inlet, while the rest of the top surface is tightly fitted with the metal current collector; the gas diffusion electrode and electrolyte layers are both 0.075 mm thick; the surface of the unit cell is 1.5 by 1.5 mm, and the radius of the gas feed hole is 1.0 mm; in the unit cell, the top domain is the porous cathode, the middle domain is the membrane, and the bottom domain is the porous anode.

[0014] Furthermore, the meshing of the two-dimensional model of the cathode of the fuel cell is completed by mapped meshing, with a total of about 902 mesh elements, including triangle elements, edge elements and vertex elements. During the study, the number of edge elements was 128, while there were 766 triangle elements and 8 vertex elements.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for implementing the method of finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell, the system comprising:

[0016] Model Design Module, which is used to design and simulate a 2D model of the cathode of a fuel cell in COMSOL code;

[0017] A condition definition module, used to define the conditions of the porous cathode;

[0018] A boundary setting module, used for setting a surface in contact with a cathode current collector as a potential boundary;

[0019] The transport mechanism selection module defines the potential and reaction boundaries for the surface in contact with the anode and selects the transport mechanism for the gases involved.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method of finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to perform the steps of the method of finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the system of finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reaction in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0023] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0024] First, finite element analysis (FEA) provides a detailed and meticulous method for simulating fuel cells, which has significant advantages over traditional methods. By modeling key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, FEA allows engineers to visualize spatial distribution and understand how these factors affect the performance of the fuel cell. This approach is particularly beneficial in design optimization, enabling engineers to evaluate complex geometries and try different configurations without extensive physical prototyping. It helps predict the behavior of fuel cells under various conditions, allowing for informed design choices and operating strategies. FEA's predictive capabilities are critical to scenario analysis, helping to explore different operating conditions and predict problems that may arise due to changes in temperature, pressure, or reactant concentrations. This ability to simulate multiple scenarios helps determine optimal operating conditions and improve overall efficiency. In addition, the cost and time efficiencies provided by FEA are also very significant. It reduces the need for expensive physical prototyping, speeds up the development process, and allows for faster testing and iteration. This data-driven approach helps make informed decisions that may lead to improved control strategies and more efficient fuel cell operations.

[0025] FEA is a powerful tool to support advanced fuel cell development, providing detailed insights into key parameters and delivering a platform for fuel cell design and performance that is innovative, efficient and reliable.

[0026] Second, the present invention solves the efficiency problem of hydrogen fuel cells in the mass transfer and chemical reaction process in the prior art. The design of traditional fuel cells has limitations in the optimization of mass transfer paths and reaction sites, resulting in low fuel utilization, uneven current distribution, and low electrochemical reaction efficiency. These problems not only affect the overall performance of fuel cells, but also limit their promotion in practical applications. The present invention systematically simulates and optimizes the mass transfer and chemical reaction in the porous cathode through the finite element analysis method, effectively solving the above problems.

[0027] The present invention uses a two-dimensional model to simulate the cathode of a fuel cell in the COMSOL code, and analyzes the mass transfer and reaction process in the porous cathode in detail. By defining the physical and chemical conditions of the porous cathode, including porosity, specific surface area, and mass transfer path, the diffusion and reaction behavior of the reactants in the porous medium are accurately described. Such a design enables a comprehensive understanding of the mass transfer path and reaction efficiency of the reactants in the porous cathode, thereby optimizing the cathode structure and improving the overall performance of the fuel cell.

[0028] The present invention also simulates the electrochemical behavior of the fuel cell at different current densities by setting potential boundary conditions and defining the electrochemical reaction boundary of the anode. This process helps to identify and analyze the impact of current distribution on fuel cell performance, ensuring optimal performance under various operating conditions. By selecting a suitable gas transport mechanism and simulating the diffusion and reaction process of the gas in the electrode, the design of the fuel cell is more in line with the needs of practical applications.

[0029] The present invention significantly improves the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells by performing detailed finite element analysis on mass transfer and chemical reactions in porous cathodes. By optimizing the design and operating conditions of porous cathodes, the mass transfer efficiency and electrochemical reaction rate of reactants are improved, key technical problems in traditional fuel cell design are solved, and scientific basis and technical support are provided for the efficient application of hydrogen fuel cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reaction in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The fuel cell of the overall design provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: (a) a simulated fuel cell unit structure, (b) a simulated internal structure and boundary conditions of the fuel cell;

[0032] Figure 3 are the specific conditions of the two-dimensional model provided by the embodiment of the present invention: (a) porous material conditions, (b) potential boundary of the surface in contact with the cathode current collector, (c) potential and reaction boundary of the surface in contact with the anode, and (d) transport mechanism;

[0033] Figure 4 A more refined grid structure of the cathode of a hydrogen fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 The basic simulation parameters of the fuel cell cathode reaction provided by the embodiment of the present invention are: (a) overpotential of oxygen evolution (b) local current density (c) local current source (d) O2 concentration (e) H2O concentration (f) cathode pressure rise;

[0035] Figure 6 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention (left side) and a model designed in finite element analysis (right side);

[0036] Figure 7 The impedance spectrum of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1. The relationship between the real part (a) and the imaginary part (b) of the impedance and the frequency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell, the method comprising:

[0039] S1: Designed and simulated a 2D model of the cathode of a fuel cell in COMSOL code;

[0040] S2: defines the conditions of the porous cathode;

[0041] S3: Set the surface in contact with the cathode current collector as the potential boundary;

[0042] S4: The surface in contact with the anode defines the potential and reaction boundaries, and the transport mechanism for the gases involved is selected.

[0043] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells by finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reactions in porous cathodes. The method simulates a two-dimensional model of the fuel cell cathode in the COMSOL code, analyzes in detail the mass transfer and electrochemical reaction process in the porous cathode, and provides a scientific basis for optimizing the design of fuel cells.

[0044] Step S1 involves designing and simulating a two-dimensional model of the fuel cell cathode in the COMSOL code. By building an accurate two-dimensional model, various transport and reaction mechanisms within the fuel cell cathode can be analyzed in detail. The model takes into account the current distribution, diffusion and mass transfer of reactants, and the kinetic characteristics of the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell, laying the foundation for subsequent simulation analysis.

[0045] In step S2, various physical and chemical conditions of the porous cathode are defined. The microstructure of the porous cathode has an important influence on mass transfer and electrochemical reactions, so it is necessary to accurately describe its porosity, specific surface area, mass transfer path, and reaction active sites. These conditions will determine the diffusion and reaction rate of the reactants in the porous medium, thereby affecting the overall performance of the fuel cell.

[0046] Step S3 sets the surface in contact with the cathode current collector as a potential boundary. In this process, the potential of the current collector needs to be accurately set to simulate the current distribution during actual fuel cell operation. By setting the potential boundary condition, the electrochemical behavior of the cathode under different current densities can be studied and the effect of current distribution on fuel cell performance can be analyzed.

[0047] In step S4, the surface in contact with the anode is defined as the potential and reaction boundary, and the transport mechanism of the gases involved is selected. This process includes defining the electrochemical reaction and mass transfer process of the anode, as well as the diffusion and reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the electrode. By simulating these transport and reaction mechanisms, we can fully understand the mass transfer path and reaction efficiency of the reactants in the porous cathode, providing theoretical support for optimizing the cathode structure and improving the efficiency of fuel cells.

[0048] In summary, the present invention simulates the mass transfer and chemical reaction process in the cathode of the fuel cell in detail through finite element analysis. By accurately setting the physical and chemical conditions, potential boundary conditions, reaction boundaries and transport mechanisms of the porous cathode, the influence of different operating conditions on the performance of the fuel cell can be deeply analyzed. This method provides a scientific basis for the optimal design and performance improvement of fuel cells, and significantly improves the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0049] Recent advances in finite element analysis have led to more accurate models that take into account factors such as binder effects and slip flow irreversibility, further improving the design and efficiency of fuel cells. By performing finite element analysis, a 2D model of the cathode of a fuel cell was designed and simulated in the COMSOL code. Fuel cell models such as Figure 2 As shown. It includes a top view of the cathode, anode, gas diffusion layer, and proton exchange membrane sandwiched in between. The materials and properties of the fuel cell are selected from the material library of the COMSOL code; carbon nanotubes are selected for the electrode, graphite is selected for the gas diffusion layer (GDL), and polyimide is selected for the membrane material. Figure 2 The fuel cell represents the overall design by giving different geometric parameters such as GDL width, GDL height, membrane thickness and membrane height. A step-by-step process is given below. First, follow Figure 2 The 3D structure was established as shown in (a). Figure 2 In (a), the top boundary is the anode surface, which is open to the feed gas inlet, while the rest of the top surface is tightly attached to the metal current collector. The gas diffusion electrode and electrolyte layer are both 0.075 mm thick. The surface of the unit cell is 1.5 by 1.5 mm, and the radius of the gas feed hole is 1.0 mm. In the unit cell, the top domain is the porous cathode, the middle domain is the membrane, and the bottom domain is the porous anode. Figure 2 (b) shows a clearer image of the internal structure and boundary conditions of the simulated fuel cell.

[0050] Secondly, according to Figure 3 The conditions of the porous cathode are defined as shown in (a), and the parameters are listed in Table 1. Next, the surface in contact with the cathode current collector is set as the potential boundary as shown below, with a potential value of 0.7 V, as shown in Figure 3(b). Then, the potential and reaction boundaries are defined for the surface in contact with the anode, as shown in Figure 3 (c). In the final steps, the transport mechanism of the gas involved is selected ( Figure 3 (d)).

[0051] Table 1: Lists the parameters of the porous cathode and their description.

[0052]

[0053] The meshing of the model is done by mapped meshing. There are about 902 mesh elements in total, including triangle elements, edge elements, and vertex elements. During the study, the number of edge elements is 128, while there are 766 triangle elements and 8 vertex elements. The minimum element quality value is found to be 0.7832, while the average element quality value is 0.9177. Figure 4 A meshed image of the design model is shown.

[0054] The meshing of the model is done by mapped meshing. There are about 902 mesh elements in total, including triangle elements, edge elements, and vertex elements. During the study, the number of edge elements is 128, while there are 766 triangle elements and 8 vertex elements. The minimum element quality value is found to be 0.7832, while the average element quality value is 0.9177. Figure 4 A meshed image of the design model is shown.

[0055] The overpotential value was found to vary from 0.3 V to 0.4 V, which could be due to the addition of the gas channel width and electrolyte flow between the electrodes in the model. However, the overpotential remained very low, suggesting that oxygen evolution at the cathode is of significant significance. The surface pressure was also found to increase from 0 to 39.9 Pa with the additional dimension.

[0056] The performance of a fuel cell depends strongly on factors such as the thickness of the electrodes, the thickness of the polymer membrane and, most importantly, the amount of water contained within the membrane. Since fuel cells generate electricity by producing water as a byproduct, the membranes of fuel cells are often exposed to water. Too much water can overhydrate the membrane and make it ineffective, while too little water vapor can dehydrate the membrane and degrade it. Therefore, in this work, the moisture content of the membranes was also compared.

[0057] The mechanism of a hydrogen fuel cell involves an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. In a typical proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, hydrogen enters the anode, where it is broken down into protons and electrons. The protons pass through the membrane into the cathode, while the electrons flow through an external circuit, producing electricity. At the cathode, oxygen from the air combines with the protons and electrons to form water, completing the reaction. There is no combustion in this process, so clean and efficient energy conversion is achieved. Given their importance in reducing carbon emissions and promoting energy sustainability, hydrogen fuel cells are a key technology in the global push for greener energy solutions. They offer a flexible and efficient way to generate electricity with minimal environmental impact, paving the way for a more sustainable future. Figure 7 The left side of the figure shows the basic mechanism of hydrogen fuel cells, and the right side shows the model simulation results. After simulating the fuel cell model with different parameters, the following is also studied: Figure 5 Impedance spectra shown in (a, b). The green spectrum represents pure impedance and the blue spectrum represents ohmic loss. It is obvious that ohmic loss dominates in the high frequency range.

[0058] An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for implementing the method of finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reaction in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell, and the system includes:

[0059] Model Design Module, which is used to design and simulate a 2D model of the cathode of a fuel cell in COMSOL code;

[0060] A condition definition module, used to define the conditions of the porous cathode;

[0061] A boundary setting module, used for setting a surface in contact with a cathode current collector as a potential boundary;

[0062] The transport mechanism selection module defines the potential and reaction boundaries for the surface in contact with the anode and selects the transport mechanism for the gases involved.

[0063] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0064] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0065] An embodiment of the present invention provides an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the system of finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reaction in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0066] Improvement plan 1: 3D model simulation and porous structure optimization

[0067] The embodiment of the present invention provides a finite element analysis method through three-dimensional model simulation and porous structure optimization to further improve the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells. The specific steps are as follows:

[0068] 1) Design and simulate a 3D model of the fuel cell cathode in COMSOL code

[0069] By establishing a three-dimensional model of the fuel cell cathode, the mass transfer and reaction characteristics inside the cathode are more comprehensively captured.

[0070] The three-dimensional model can more accurately simulate the porous structure and mass transfer path in the real working environment, providing richer data for optimized design.

[0071] 2) Defining the multi-scale conditions of the porous cathode

[0072] Multiscale simulation technology is introduced to define the micro- and macro-structural properties of the porous cathode, including porosity, specific surface area and pore size.

[0073] Multiscale simulation can better describe the mass transfer and electrochemical reaction processes in porous media and improve simulation accuracy.

[0074] 3) Set dynamic potential boundary conditions

[0075] The surface in contact with the cathode current collector was set as a dynamic potential boundary to simulate the current distribution and potential changes under different operating conditions.

[0076] Dynamic boundary conditions can better reflect the changes of potential with time and space in actual operation, optimize current distribution, and improve fuel cell performance.

[0077] 4) Optimize gas transmission mechanism

[0078] The surface in contact with the anode is defined as the potential and reaction boundary, further optimizing the transport mechanisms of the gases involved.

[0079] By improving the transport mechanism, such as using porous media models and Knudsen diffusion models, the diffusion and reaction of gases in porous electrodes can be simulated more accurately and the mass transfer efficiency can be improved.

[0080] ###Improvement 2: Integrated chemical reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance optimization

[0081] The embodiment of the present invention provides a finite element analysis method that integrates chemical reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance optimization to improve the overall efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells. The specific steps are as follows:

[0082] 1) Design and simulate a 2D and 3D hybrid model of the fuel cell cathode in the COMSOL code. Combining the advantages of 2D and 3D models, the mass transfer and reaction processes in the cathode are simulated.

[0083] By using hybrid models, simulation analysis in different dimensions can be performed more flexibly, improving modeling efficiency and accuracy.

[0084] 2) Define the reaction kinetics of the porous cathode

[0085] The chemical reaction kinetic parameters of the porous cathode are introduced into the model, including the reaction rate constant, reaction activation energy and the generation rate of reaction products.

[0086] The introduction of kinetic conditions makes the simulation more physically meaningful and can describe the electrochemical reaction process more accurately.

[0087] 3) Setting the optimal potential boundary between the current collector and the cathode contact surface

[0088] The surface in contact with the cathode current collector is set as the optimized potential boundary, and the best potential distribution is found through multiple iterative simulations.

[0089] Optimizing potential boundary conditions helps to achieve uniform current distribution, reduce local overpotential, and improve electrode reaction efficiency.

[0090] 4) Integrated gas transport and reaction mechanisms

[0091] The surface in contact with the anode is defined as the potential and reaction boundary, and the gas transport and reaction mechanisms are selected and optimized.

[0092] Integrate multiple transport mechanisms, such as molecular diffusion, convective transport, and reaction kinetics models, to fully simulate the behavior of gases in the porous cathode and improve the utilization of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0093] These two improvement schemes further improve the simulation accuracy and optimization effect of hydrogen fuel cells by introducing three-dimensional models, multi-scale simulation, dynamic potential boundaries, reaction kinetic conditions, and integrated transport and reaction mechanisms, providing more guiding design and optimization methods for practical applications.

[0094] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: The method includes: S1: Designed and simulated a 2D model of the cathode of a fuel cell in COMSOL code; S2: defines the conditions of the porous cathode; S3: Set the surface in contact with the cathode current collector as the potential boundary; S4: The surface in contact with the anode defines the potential and reaction boundaries, and the transport mechanism for the gases involved is selected.

2. The method for improving the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells by finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional model of the cathode of the fuel cell includes a top view of the cathode, the anode, the gas diffusion layer and the proton exchange membrane sandwiched in between.

3. The method for improving the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells by finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell materials and their properties are selected from the material library of COMSOL code; carbon nanotubes are selected as electrodes, graphite is selected as gas diffusion layer (GDL), and polyimide is selected as membrane material.

4. The method for improving the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells by finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes: A 3D structure was established, in which a quarter-circle portion of the top boundary is the anode surface, open to the feed gas inlet, while the rest of the top surface is tightly fitted with the metal current collector; the gas diffusion electrode and electrolyte layers are both 0.075 mm thick; the surface of the unit cell is 1.5 by 1.5 mm, and the radius of the gas feed hole is 1.0 mm; in the unit cell, the top domain is the porous cathode, the middle domain is the membrane, and the bottom domain is the porous anode.

5. The method for improving the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells by finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The meshing of the two-dimensional model of the cathode of the fuel cell was done by mapped meshing, with a total of about 902 mesh elements, including triangle elements, edge elements and vertex elements. During the study, the number of edge elements was 128, while there were 766 triangle elements and 8 vertex elements.

6. A system for finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell, which implements the method of finite element analysis of mass transport and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The system includes: Model Design Module, which is used to design and simulate a 2D model of the cathode of a fuel cell in COMSOL code; A condition definition module, used to define the conditions of the porous cathode; A boundary setting module, used for setting a surface in contact with a cathode current collector as a potential boundary; The transport mechanism selection module defines the potential and reaction boundaries for the surface in contact with the anode and selects the transport mechanism for the gases involved.

7. A computer device, characterized in that: The computer device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to perform the steps of the method for finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reactions in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. An information data processing terminal, characterized in that: The information data processing terminal is used to implement the system for finite element analysis of mass transfer and chemical reaction in a porous cathode to improve the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell as described in claim 6.

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