Battery cell grouping system capable of prolonging service life of battery pack

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of control systems, and particularly relates to a battery cell matching system capable of prolonging the service life of a battery pack. The invention provides a circuit hardware foundation of a battery cell grouping system capable of prolonging the service life of a battery pack. The system comprises a local host processor part, a node host and touch screen connection communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data uploading part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charging and discharging circuit part, an ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part and a slave host processor part. The system comprises a slave machine RS485 communication part, a slave machine power supply part, a slave machine core temperature control circuit part and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of control systems, and in particular relates to a battery cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] The battery pack is composed of multiple single batteries (cells). The performance of each single battery will directly affect the performance of the entire battery pack (barrel effect). If a single battery has too low voltage, too large internal resistance, or too low charge and discharge current, it will greatly slow down the overall performance.

[0003] The higher the performance and consistency of each single battery, the better the performance of the battery pack. The performance of each single battery is different. In order to accurately measure the performance of a single battery, it is necessary to measure each single battery one by one, compare them centrally, and group them according to the test results.

[0004] The battery pack has a large number of single cells and has high requirements for measurement accuracy, so the measurement speed is slow during the battery measurement process. Each single cell has different charge and discharge characteristics. In order to obtain accurate battery characteristics, the accurate method is single cell testing. The battery pack is composed of multiple single cells connected in series and parallel, so the test of each single cell takes a long time and the overall speed is slow. Each cell is measured one by one, and only one single cell is tested at a time. The test speed is slow at the rated charge and discharge current, and the external interference is large (lithium batteries are sensitive to temperature. The lower the temperature, the lower the capacity. Low or high temperature affects the actual measurement accuracy. When the temperature is unstable, the measurement is not accurate enough). Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims at solving the above problems and provides a circuit hardware foundation of a battery cell matching system that can extend the life of a battery pack.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, which includes a local host processor part, a node host and a touch screen connection communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data upload part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charging and discharging circuit part, an ADC acquisition post-filtering circuit part, a slave host processor part, a slave RS485 communication part, a slave power supply part, a slave core temperature control circuit part and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part, characterized in that the signal transmission port of the local host processor part is respectively connected to the signal transmission port of the node host and the touch screen connection communication part, the signal transmission port of the host RS485 communication part, and the signal transmission port of the node data upload part, and the power output port of the node host power supply part is respectively connected to the power port of the local host processor part, the power port of the node host and the touch screen connection communication part, the power port of the host RS485 communication part, and the power port of the node data upload part;

[0007] The detection signal input port of the slave main processor part is respectively connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, and the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the control signal output port of the slave main processor part is connected to the control signal input port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the signal transmission port of the slave main processor part is connected to the signal transmission port of the slave RS485 communication part; the detection signal input port of the battery charging current acquisition part is connected to the output port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part, and the input port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the detection signal input port of the battery voltage acquisition part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the battery discharge current AD The input port of the C conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit, and the output port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal input port of the slave main processor part; the power output port of the slave power supply part is respectively connected to the power port of the battery charging current acquisition part, the power port of the battery voltage acquisition part, the power port of the battery charging and discharging circuit part, the power port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part, the power port of the slave main processor part, the power port of the slave RS485 communication part, the power port of the slave core temperature control circuit part, and the power port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part; the control signal input port of the slave core temperature control circuit part is connected to the control signal output port of the slave main processor part;

[0008] The local host processor part communicates with the slave main processor part through the host RS485 communication part and the slave RS485 communication part. The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part acquire the current and voltage of the single battery. The battery charging and discharging circuit part controls the charging and discharging of the single battery. The slave core temperature control circuit part controls the temperature of the single battery.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the local host processor described in the present invention adopts the STM32F407VGT6 chip U6, and the 47th and 48th pins are respectively connected to PB10-U9 and PB11-U9, the 62nd to 64th and 67th to 69th pins of U6 are respectively connected to PD15-U9, COM6_TXD, COM6_RXD, RTC_CE, COM1_TXD, and COM1_RXD, and the 80th and 83rd pins of U6 are respectively connected to COM5_TXD and COM5_RXD.

[0010] As another preferred solution, the communication part connecting the node host and the touch screen of the present invention includes an SP3232 chip U53 and a DC19108PW215 human-computer interaction touch screen P34, and pins 11 to 14 of U53 are respectively connected to PB10-U9, PB11-U9, RS232_RX, and RS232_TX; pins 4 and 5 of P34 are respectively connected to RS232_TX and RS232_RX.

[0011] As another preferred solution, the host RS485 communication part of the present invention includes SP3485EN-L / TR chips U55 and U56, pin 1 of U55 is connected to COM6_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U55 are connected to PD15-U9, and pin 4 of U55 is connected to COM6_TXD; pin 7 of U55 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L63, pin 4 of L63 is connected to pin 1 of connector P35 through inductor L62, pin 3 of P35 is connected to pin 3 of L63 through inductor L64, and pin 2 of L63 is connected to pin 6 of U55;

[0012] Pin 1 of U56 is connected to COM1_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U56 are connected to RTC_CE, and pin 4 of U56 is connected to COM1_TXD; pin 7 of U56 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L66, pin 4 of L66 is connected to pin 1 of connector P36 through inductor L65, pin 3 of P36 is connected to pin 3 of L66 through inductor L67, and pin 2 of L66 is connected to pin 6 of U56.

[0013] As another preferred solution, the node data uploading part of the present invention includes a Q560 module U54, and pins 4 and 5 of U54 are respectively connected to COM5-RXD and COM5-TXD.

[0014] As another preferred solution, the node host power supply part of the present invention includes UU9.8-20MH common mode inductor L68, XL2596-5.0 chip U57 and AMS1117-3.3 chip U58, pin 1 of L68 is connected to pin 3 of connector P37 through fuse F5, pin 1 of P37 is connected to pin 4 of L68, pin 2 of L68 is connected to +24V through inductor L69, and pin 3 of L68 is connected to GND through inductor L72;

[0015] Pin 1 of U57 is connected to +24V, and pin 2 of U57 is connected to +5V through inductor L71;

[0016] Pin 3 of U58 is connected to +5V, and pin 2 of U58 is connected to +3.3V through magnetic bead L70.

[0017] As another preferred solution, the battery charging current acquisition part of the present invention adopts STM32F070F6 chip U1, pins 6 to 14 of U1 are connected to ADC0-U1, and pins 17 and 18 of U1 are connected to PA9-U1 and PA10-U1 respectively.

[0018] As another preferred solution, the battery voltage acquisition part of the present invention adopts STM32F070F6 chip U2, pins 6 to 14 of U2 are connected to ADC1-U2, and pins 17 and 18 of U2 are connected to PA1-U2 and PA10-U2 respectively.

[0019] As another preferred solution, the battery charging and discharging circuit part of the present invention includes a PNP transistor Q7, the emitter of Q7 is connected to +12V, the base of Q7 is connected to the collector of the output end of the EL357 chip OP40 through a resistor R118, the emitter of the output end of OP40 is respectively connected to GND and one end of a resistor R124, and the other end of R124 is connected to ADC0; the anode of the input end of OP40 is connected to PWM, and the cathode of the input end of OP40 is connected to GND through a resistor R121;

[0020] The collector of Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R116, pin 1 of connector P27 and drain of NCE4060K tube Q10 through inductor L48, pin 2 of P27 is connected to ADC0 through cooling sheet, the other end of R116 is connected to ADC1-U2 and one end of resistor R123 through resistor R119, and the other end of R123 is connected to ADC0; the gate of Q10 is connected to the emitter of output end of EL357 chip OP31, the collector of output end of OP31 is connected to +12V, the anode of input end of OP31 is connected to TI M2, and the cathode of input end of OP31 is connected to GND through resistor R152; the source of Q10 is connected to pins 1 and 2 of CC6902 module U59, pin 8 of U59 is connected to CH1-, and pins 3 and 4 of U59 are connected to ADC0; pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U45 is connected to PB1; pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U44 is connected to PB0.

[0021] As another preferred solution, the ADC post-collection filter circuit part of the present invention includes an AD620BRZ chip U46, pin 3 of U46 is connected to ADC0, pin 6 of U46 is connected to pin 3 of an AD8541 chip U47 through inductors L49 to L53 in sequence, and pin 1 of U47 is connected to ADC0-U1.

[0022] As another preferred solution, the slave main processor part of the present invention adopts STM32F030CCT6 chip U3, pins 2 and 3 of U3 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA, pins 10 to 22 of U3 are respectively connected to PA10-U1, PA9-U1, PA10-U2, PA9-U2, PA4 to PA7, PB0 to PB2, PB10, and PB11, pins 29, 30, 32 to 34, 37 to 43, 45, and 46 of U3 are respectively connected to PWM, TI M2, PA11, PA12, TMS, TCK, PA15, and PB3 to PB9; pins 1 to 8 of 2.54*8 DIP switch U52 are respectively connected to PB7 to PB3, PA15, PA12, and PA11; pins 1, 2, 5, and 6 of W25Q128JVS IQTR chip U48 are respectively connected to PA4, PA7, PA6, and PA5.

[0023] As another preferred embodiment, the slave RS485 communication part of the present invention includes an SP3485EN-L / TR chip U51, pins 1 to 4 of U51 are respectively connected to PB11, PB2, PB2, and PB10, pin 7 of U51 is connected to pin 1 of the ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 common mode filter L58, pin 4 of L58 is connected to pin 1 of the connector P32 through an inductor L57, pin 2 of P32 is connected to pin 3 of L58 through an inductor L59, and pin 2 of L58 is connected to pin 6 of U51.

[0024] As another preferred solution, the slave power supply part of the present invention includes a UU9.8-20MH common mode inductor L13, pin 1 of L13 is connected to pin 3 of connector P33 through fuse F1, pin 1 of P33 is connected to pin 4 of L13, pin 3 of L13 is connected to GND through inductor L16, and pin 2 of L13 is connected to +12V through inductor L14;

[0025] +12V is connected to pin 1 of XL2596-5.0 module U49, and pin 2 of U49 is connected to +5V through inductor L56;

[0026] +5V is connected to pin 3 of AMS1117-3.3 module U50, and pin 2 of U50 is connected to +3.3V through magnetic bead L55;

[0027] One end of the inductor L54 is connected to +3.3V, and the other end of L54 is connected to +3.3VA through the resistor R132.

[0028] Secondly, the temperature control circuit part of the slave motor core of the present invention includes NPN transistors Q8 and NPN transistors Q9, the base of Q8 is connected to PB9 through resistor R120, the emitter of Q8 is connected to GND, the collector of Q8 is connected to pin 16 of SMI-05 relay K7, pin 1 of K7 is connected to +5V, pin 4 of K7 is connected to +12V, pin 13 of K7 is connected to GND, and pins 8 and 9 of K7 are respectively connected to pins 2 and 1 of TEC1-12706 cooling plate P28;

[0029] The base of Q9 is connected to PB8 through resistor R127, the emitter of Q9 is connected to GND, the collector of Q9 is connected to pin 16 of SMI-05 relay K8, pin 1 of K8 is connected to +5V, pin 4 of K8 is connected to +12V, pin 13 of K8 is connected to GND, and pins 8 and 9 of K8 are connected to pins 1 and 2 of TEC1-12706 cooling plate P28 respectively.

[0030] In addition, the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part of the present invention includes an AD8541 chip U60, pin 1 of U60 is connected to pin 1 of the MS1100A0 chip U61, and pins 3 and 4 of U61 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA; pin 3 of U60 is respectively connected to pin 3 of BAV199 tube D53, one end of resistor R156, and one end of resistor R157 through resistors R155 and R154, the other end of R156 is connected to CH1-, the other end of R157 is connected to VGND, pin 2 of D53 is connected to +3.3V, and pin 1 of D53 is connected to VGND.

[0031] The invention has beneficial effects.

[0032] The local host processor part of the present invention communicates with the host RS485 communication part, and the RS485 communication part can communicate with multiple slave RS485 communication parts. One RS485 communication part corresponds to one slave host processor part. The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part can collect current and voltage of a single battery. The battery charging and discharging circuit part can control the charging and discharging of a single battery. The slave core temperature control circuit part can control the temperature of a single battery. Figures 6 to 15 This is a circuit diagram of a slave device.

[0033] The slave main processor receives the command sent by the local host processor through the RS485 communication part, controls the charging and discharging of a single battery through the battery charging and discharging circuit part, and saves the charging and discharging data (saved in U48). When the battery is charged, the data is sent to the local host processor part. The local host processor part groups the batteries according to the charging and discharging data. When the parameters are similar (the charging and discharging ampere-hours can be set within 0.1%, or it can be set through the touch screen according to the requirements of each batch). After the group is assigned, the LED of E1 on the slave will be lit, and all the single batteries with E1 lit are groups with similar parameters, which can form a battery group to achieve the best match. The single battery corresponding to the slave whose E1 is not lit can be marked, and the single battery can be saved in the cloud database for data matching for the next test. Later, the matching parameters can be reset for the single batteries that have not been matched successfully, and the single batteries with similar parameters can be grouped into the same battery group. Single batteries with too large a difference between the detection parameters and the set parameters are unqualified products.

[0034] The invention can keep each single battery at a suitable constant measurement temperature from the electromechanical core temperature control circuit part, so that the measurement is more accurate.

[0035] The node data upload part of the present invention can send data to the cloud. When multiple hosts and slaves are working, the cloud performs matching and groups the batteries under the entire cloud, greatly improving the temperature success rate. The grouping will not be completed because of a single few extremely high or extremely low performance batteries. For example, 4 hosts are connected to the cloud, and each host is connected to 500 slaves to measure 500 single batteries at the same time. At the same time, 4 hosts are tested. After the test is completed, a total of 2000 single batteries are matched. Because the data is transmitted to the cloud at the same time, through the cloud data matching (the matching strategy can use the aforementioned ampere-hour number to meet the set value), after a group is matched, the completion data is sent to the host, and the host sends a command to light up the E1 of each slave that has been successfully matched (i.e., the light-emitting diode E1 connected to the 25th pin of U3), and the success rate of 2000 matching is higher than 500. Based on the cloud, the host is also in the same test environment, but the number of simultaneous measurements is more, and the matching success efficiency is higher. After the matching is successful, the single batteries that have been successfully matched are combined into a battery pack.

[0036] The present invention accurately measures the parameters of single cells and accurately groups multiple data (single cells), groups single cells with similar parameters into a battery group, and accurately detects the charging AH (ampere-hour) number and the discharging AH number through the battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part. The nominal capacity of the battery group can be clearly marked, and the battery group can be used according to the actual capacity after marking. The battery group is used within the rated capacity range, which is safer and has a longer life.

[0037] The present invention is designed as a low-cost single-cell battery charging slave module, which is inexpensive, one host corresponds to multiple slaves working simultaneously, and has a fast detection speed and accurate detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the local host processor part of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the communication part of the node host and the touch screen of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 It is the circuit principle diagram of the RS485 communication part of the host computer of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the node data uploading part of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the node host power supply part of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the battery charging current collection part of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the battery voltage collection part of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 It is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the battery charging and discharging circuit of the present invention.

[0047] Fig. 9 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the filter circuit after ADC acquisition of the present invention.

[0048] Fig.10 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the slave main processor part of the present invention.

[0049] Fig.11 , 13 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the slave power supply part of the present invention.

[0050] Fig.12 It is the circuit principle diagram of the RS485 communication part of the slave of the present invention.

[0051] Fig.14 This is a circuit schematic diagram of part of the temperature control circuit of the electromechanical core of the present invention.

[0052] Fig.15 It is a circuit schematic diagram of part of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.16 It is a block diagram of the principle of using multiple hosts of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] As shown in the figure, the present invention includes a local host processor part, a node host and touch screen connection communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data upload part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charging and discharging circuit part, an ADC acquisition post-filtering circuit part, a slave host processor part, a slave RS485 communication part, a slave power supply part, a slave core temperature control circuit part and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part. The signal transmission port of the local host processor part is respectively connected to the signal transmission port of the node host and touch screen connection communication part, the signal transmission port of the host RS485 communication part, and the signal transmission port of the node data upload part. The power output port of the node host power supply part is respectively connected to the power port of the local host processor part, the power port of the node host and touch screen connection communication part, the power port of the host RS485 communication part, and the power port of the node data upload part.

[0055] The detection signal input port of the slave main processor part is respectively connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, and the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the control signal output port of the slave main processor part is connected to the control signal input port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the signal transmission port of the slave main processor part is connected to the signal transmission port of the slave RS485 communication part; the detection signal input port of the battery charging current acquisition part is connected to the output port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part, and the input port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the detection signal input port of the battery voltage acquisition part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the battery discharge current AD The input port of the C conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit, and the output port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal input port of the slave main processor part; the power output port of the slave power supply part is respectively connected to the power port of the battery charging current acquisition part, the power port of the battery voltage acquisition part, the power port of the battery charging and discharging circuit part, the power port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part, the power port of the slave main processor part, the power port of the slave RS485 communication part, the power port of the slave core temperature control circuit part, and the power port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part; the control signal input port of the slave core temperature control circuit part is connected to the control signal output port of the slave main processor part.

[0056] The present invention is provided with a touch screen connected to the communication part, through which the characteristic curve of each single battery can be viewed and the charging and discharging parameters can be set, and the charging and discharging parameters of the battery, such as the charging and discharging current, the cut-off voltage, etc., can be set through the screen.

[0057] The local host processor adopts the STM32F407VGT6 chip U6, and the 47th and 48th pins are connected to PB10-U9 and PB11-U9 respectively, the 62nd to 64th and 67th to 69th pins of U6 are connected to PD15-U9, COM6_TXD, COM6_RXD, RTC_CE, COM1_TXD and COM1_RXD respectively, and the 80th and 83rd pins of U6 are connected to COM5_TXD and COM5_RXD respectively.

[0058] The communication part connecting the node host and the touch screen includes an SP3232 chip U53 and a DC19108PW215 human-computer interaction touch screen P34. Pins 11 to 14 of U53 are respectively connected to PB10-U9, PB11-U9, RS232_RX, and RS232_TX; pins 4 and 5 of P34 are respectively connected to RS232_TX and RS232_RX.

[0059] U53 is used to convert the microcontroller communication interface TTL to RS232 and is used for communication with the touch screen of the RS232 interface.

[0060] The host RS485 communication part includes SP3485EN-L / TR chips U55 and U56, pin 1 of U55 is connected to COM6_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U55 are connected to PD15-U9, and pin 4 of U55 is connected to COM6_TXD; pin 7 of U55 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L63, pin 4 of L63 is connected to pin 1 of connector P35 through inductor L62, pin 3 of P35 is connected to pin 3 of L63 through inductor L64, and pin 2 of L63 is connected to pin 6 of U55;

[0061] Pin 1 of U56 is connected to COM1_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U56 are connected to RTC_CE, and pin 4 of U56 is connected to COM1_TXD; pin 7 of U56 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L66, pin 4 of L66 is connected to pin 1 of connector P36 through inductor L65, pin 3 of P36 is connected to pin 3 of L66 through inductor L67, and pin 2 of L66 is connected to pin 6 of U56.

[0062] Pin 1 of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is used for communication data output to receive communication data from the microcontroller. Pins 2 and 3 of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are used to select RS485 sending mode or receiving mode. Pin 4 of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is used for communication data input to receive communication data from the microcontroller. L63 is used to filter out common-mode interference on the communication bus, L62 and L64 are used to filter out transient interference on the bus, and D46 to D48 are used for transient overvoltage protection. This can prevent interference from starting and stopping large charging and discharging components such as high-power motors, fans, capacitors, etc., causing the RS485 chip to freeze.

[0063] like Figure 3 , 16 As shown, one node host has two RS485 communication lines, and each RS485 bus can connect 255 single battery detection slaves.

[0064] The node data uploading part includes a Q560 module U54, and pins 4 and 5 of U54 are respectively connected to COM5-RXD and COM5-TXD.

[0065] The node host power supply part includes UU9.8-20MH common mode inductor L68, XL2596-5.0 chip U57 and AMS1117-3.3 chip U58, pin 1 of L68 is connected to pin 3 of connector P37 (P37 is connected to 24V DC power supply) through fuse F5, pin 1 of P37 is connected to pin 4 of L68, pin 2 of L68 is connected to +24V through inductor L69, and pin 3 of L68 is connected to GND through inductor L72;

[0066] Pin 1 of U57 is connected to +24V, and pin 2 of U57 is connected to +5V through inductor L71;

[0067] Pin 3 of U58 is connected to +5V, and pin 2 of U58 is connected to +3.3V through magnetic bead L70.

[0068] The battery charging current acquisition part adopts the STM32F070F6 chip U1, the 6-14 pins of U1 are connected to ADC0-U1, and the 17th and 18th pins of U1 are connected to PA9-U1 and PA10-U1 respectively.

[0069] The battery voltage acquisition part adopts the STM32F070F6 chip U2, the 6-14 pins of U2 are connected to ADC1-U2, and the 17th and 18th pins of U2 are connected to PA1-U2 and PA10-U2 respectively.

[0070] The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part of the present invention adopt the STM32F070F6 chip, and the 6-14 pins of the STM32F070F6 chip all have ADC acquisition function and content DMA function (the chip has its own function, and the function does not require CPU parameters, and automatically puts the ADC acquisition value into the internal storage space of the specified single-chip microcomputer. After the acquisition is completed, the single-chip microcomputer directly reads it, and concurrent operation can be achieved). At the same time, all pins perform concurrent acquisition, and a more accurate ADC value is obtained by calculating the average value. The average value is calculated in the STM32F070F6, and each acquisition value is accumulated, and after calculating the acquisition times, the total value / times. In addition, the STM32F070F6 chip has low cost.

[0071] The battery charging and discharging circuit part includes a PNP transistor Q7, the emitter of Q7 is connected to +12V, the base of Q7 is connected to the collector of the output end of EL357 chip OP40 through a resistor R118, the emitter of the output end of OP40 is respectively connected to GND and one end of a resistor R124, and the other end of R124 is connected to ADC0; the anode of the input end of OP40 is connected to PWM, and the cathode of the input end of OP40 is connected to GND through a resistor R121;

[0072] The collector of Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R116, pin 1 of connector P27 and drain of NCE4060K tube Q10 through inductor L48, pin 2 of P27 is connected to ADC0 through cooling sheet, the other end of R116 is connected to ADC1-U2 and one end of resistor R123 through resistor R119, and the other end of R123 is connected to ADC0; the gate of Q10 is connected to the emitter of output end of EL357 chip OP31, the collector of output end of OP31 is connected to +12V, the anode of input end of OP31 is connected to TI M2, and the cathode of input end of OP31 is connected to GND through resistor R152; the source of Q10 is connected to pins 1 and 2 of CC6902 module U59, pin 8 of U59 is connected to CH1-, and pins 3 and 4 of U59 are connected to ADC0; pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U45 is connected to PB1; pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U44 is connected to PB0.

[0073] R124 can use a 0.01R1 resistor to collect current and reduce power consumption.

[0074] P27 is used to connect a single battery.

[0075] Figure 8 The cooling plate and Fig.14 The cooling plate connected to P28 in is the same cooling plate. Figure 8 The cooling plate in the figure indicates the installation position of the cooling plate, which is installed close to the negative lead of the battery.

[0076] The battery temperature can be maintained at 23℃~27℃ by controlling the cooling plate.

[0077] R116 and R119 use 10K1% resistors, R123 uses 30K1% resistors, 1% is the error level, with high precision and small error.

[0078] U44 and U45 are used to test the temperature of the positive and negative copper bars of the battery and determine the temperature of the battery cell.

[0079] Discharge circuit: The discharge current is detected through U59, and the battery voltage is detected through ADC1-U2.

[0080] When charging ampere-hours are counted, the battery voltage is set to the lowest value through Q10 (the lowest value corresponds to the ADC1-U2 detection voltage of 3.7V), and the discharge current is set according to the user (set through the host touch screen) (different types of batteries have different discharge currents). The discharge current is controlled by TI M2, and Q10 is operated in the variable resistance area. The current of U59 is detected through the duty cycle control of TI M2. When the current is too large, the duty cycle is reduced. Because Q10 works in the variable resistance area, its equivalent resistance value increases, and the current flowing through the drain and source of Q10 decreases accordingly, and the current of U59 decreases. On the contrary, when the current is too small, the duty cycle of TI M2 increases, the gate voltage of Q10 increases, the equivalent resistance of the drain and source of Q10 decreases, the current of the drain and source increases, and the current of U59 increases. When the battery voltage detected by ADC1-U2 drops to 3.7, the discharge stops, indicating that the current battery capacity is 0%. Prepare to start charging.

[0081] The charging current is set by the user (different types of batteries have different charging currents), and the charging current is detected by ADC0 and the filter circuit after the back-end ADC acquisition, and the charging voltage is detected by ADC1-U2. When PWM is high, OP40 is turned on, the secondary transistor is turned on, and the power passes through R117 and R118 and the secondary side of OP40 to GND. At this time, Q7 is turned on because the base is low (PNP tube characteristics), and the emitter to the collector is turned on. Similarly, when PWM is low, the OP40 transistor is turned off, the power supply is turned off because of OP40, and the collector voltage of the OP40 secondary transistor is close to the power supply voltage. Q7 is turned on because the base is high, and the emitter and collector are turned off.

[0082] Charging end judgment: When the battery voltage rises to the set value (the set value corresponds to the ADC1-U2 detection value of 4.3V), charging is judged to be ended.

[0083] When Q7 is turned on, the power supply stores energy in L48, and C144 and P27 (connected to the battery) charge the battery. When Q7 is turned off, the inductor of L48 continues to flow, and continues to charge the battery through C144 and P27, and then passes through R124 and D44 to the other end of L48. By changing the duty cycle of PWM, the energy storage size and charging current of L48 can be changed. When the charging current is higher than the rated value, the PWM duty cycle is reduced, and when the charging current is too high, the PWM duty cycle is increased. In this way, the charging current is controlled.

[0084] The battery temperature is controlled within the range of 23℃ ~ 27℃ regardless of charging or discharging.

[0085] The post-ADC collection filter circuit includes an AD620BRZ chip U46, with pin 3 of U46 connected to ADC0, pin 6 of U46 connected to pin 3 of AD8541 chip U47 through inductors L49-L53, and pin 1 of U47 connected to ADC0-U1. L49-L53 and C155-C159 form a low-pass filter. When the signal exceeds 330HZ, the attenuation is very large, and the high-frequency signal is filtered out to protect the useful signal from being filtered out.

[0086] U46 is an amplifier, which amplifies the weak input signal by a certain multiple to reach the optimal range for the back-end ADC circuit to collect data. For example, because of the current collection (the current passes through R124, because the resistance of R124 is very small), the value of the current converted into voltage is very small, and the microcontroller detection is not accurate enough, so it is amplified 100 times by U46, which is within the optimal ADC collection range of the microcontroller.

[0087] The slave main processor part adopts STM32F030CCT6 chip U3, pins 2 and 3 of U3 are connected to SCL and SDA respectively, pins 10 to 22 of U3 are connected to PA10-U1, PA9-U1, PA10-U2, PA9-U2, PA4 to PA7, PB0 to PB2, PB10 and PB11 respectively, pins 29, 30, 32 to 34, 37 to 43, 45 and 46 of U3 are connected to PWM, TI M2, PA11, PA12, TMS, TCK, PA15 and PB3 to PB9 respectively; pins 1 to 8 of 2.54*8 DIP switch U52 are connected to PB7 to PB3, PA15, PA12 and PA11 respectively; pins 1, 2, 5 and 6 of W25Q128JVSIQTR chip U48 are connected to PA4, PA7, PA6 and PA5 respectively. U52 is used to set the ID of the slave. U48 can store the charge and discharge temperature, charge and discharge current curve, battery voltage curve, charge and discharge power curve, and total charge and discharge energy.

[0088] The slave RS485 communication part includes an SP3485EN-L / TR chip U51, pins 1 to 4 of U51 are respectively connected to PB11, PB2, PB2, and PB10, pin 7 of U51 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 common mode filter L58, pin 4 of L58 is connected to pin 1 of connector P32 through inductor L57, pin 2 of P32 is connected to pin 3 of L58 through inductor L59, and pin 2 of L58 is connected to pin 6 of U51.

[0089] RS485 communication sends the measured battery characteristics to the host, including the charge and discharge voltage, current and power curves, the battery capacity measured by charge and discharge, the battery charge and discharge current and other parameters.

[0090] The slave power supply part includes a UU9.8-20MH common mode inductor L13, pin 1 of L13 is connected to pin 3 of connector P33 through fuse F1, pin 1 of P33 is connected to pin 4 of L13, pin 3 of L13 is connected to GND through inductor L16, and pin 2 of L13 is connected to +12V through inductor L14;

[0091] +12V is connected to pin 1 of XL2596-5.0 module U49, and pin 2 of U49 is connected to +5V through inductor L56;

[0092] +5V is connected to pin 3 of AMS1117-3.3 module U50, and pin 2 of U50 is connected to +3.3V through magnetic bead L55;

[0093] One end of the inductor L54 is connected to +3.3V, and the other end of L54 is connected to +3.3VA through the resistor R132.

[0094] C164 filters out high-frequency AC interference signals, C165 filters out medium-frequency AC interference signals, and 166 filters out low-frequency AC interference signals to ensure power supply stability.

[0095] P33 is connected to an external DC 12V power supply.

[0096] P32 is connected to the host P35 or P36 via RS485 communication.

[0097] The common-mode inductor L13 and L14 and L16 (magnetic rings) are used to filter out instantaneous spike interference on the input +12V and GND lines. This interference often parasitizes on the power supply line and has a great impact on the back-end microcontroller, causing the microcontroller to freeze innocently and other problems.

[0098] L55 is used to filter out transient interference generated by 5V and 12V power grid networks and suppress interference with +3.3V power supply equipment.

[0099] The slave motor core temperature control circuit part includes NPN transistor Q8 and NPN transistor Q9, the base of Q8 is connected to PB9 through resistor R120, the emitter of Q8 is connected to GND, the collector of Q8 is connected to pin 16 of SMI-05 relay K7, pin 1 of K7 is connected to +5V, pin 4 of K7 is connected to +12V, pin 13 of K7 is connected to GND, and pins 8 and 9 of K7 are respectively connected to pins 2 and 1 of TEC1-12706 cooling plate P28;

[0100] The base of Q9 is connected to PB8 through resistor R127, the emitter of Q9 is connected to GND, the collector of Q9 is connected to pin 16 of SMI-05 relay K8, pin 1 of K8 is connected to +5V, pin 4 of K8 is connected to +12V, pin 13 of K8 is connected to GND, and pins 8 and 9 of K8 are connected to pins 1 and 2 of TEC1-12706 cooling plate P28 respectively.

[0101] The battery temperature is collected by U44 and U45. When the temperature is higher than 27 degrees, PB8 is high, PB9 is low, K7 coil is not attracted, K8 coil is attracted, 12V passes through K8's 4th pin to K8's 8th pin, and reaches P28's 1st pin. At this time, P28's 1st pin is +, and P28's 1st pin passes through the cooling plate, through P28's 2nd pin to K8's 9th pin, and then to K8's 13th pin to GND. In this process, because K7 coil is not attracted, no current passes through K7.

[0102] When the temperature is lower than 23 degrees, PB8 is at low level, PB9 is at high level, K7 is energized, K8 is disconnected, 12V passes through K7's 4th pin to K7's 8th pin to P28's 2nd pin, passes through the cooling plate to P28's 1st pin, passes through K7's 9th pin to K7's 13th pin to GND, at this time P28's 2nd pin is 12V, and P28's 1st pin is GND. The two-way switching function of P28 is realized through two eight-pin relays.

[0103] The positive and negative poles of the cooling plate power supply are switched by relays. When in the forward direction, the cooling plate cools, and when in the reverse direction, the cooling plate heats, controlling the battery temperature at 23℃ ~ 27℃.

[0104] The battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part includes an AD8541 chip U60, pin 1 of U60 is connected to pin 1 of the MS1100A0 chip U61, and pins 3 and 4 of U61 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA; pin 3 of U60 is respectively connected to pin 3 of BAV199 tube D53, one end of resistor R156, and one end of resistor R157 through resistors R155 and R154, the other end of R156 is connected to CH1-, the other end of R157 is connected to VGND, pin 2 of D53 is connected to +3.3V, and pin 1 of D53 is connected to VGND.

[0105] The battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit amplifies the collected analog signal CH1- through U60, performs AD conversion through U61, and sends it to U3.

[0106] The CH1- signal is divided into 1 / 2 by R156 and R157 and then reaches D53. D53 is an anti-interference circuit that can filter out interference with voltage exceeding 3.3V.

[0107] Then R154, C221, R155, C220 and U60 form a low-pass filter to filter out the high-frequency part to the acquisition pin of U3.

[0108] The present invention is used for measuring single storage batteries inside a battery pack, and the number of measurements is large. One host of the present invention can support the measurement of 500 single storage batteries.

[0109] Measuring batteries is very time-consuming. A single battery must be fully discharged, fully charged, and then fully discharged. The present invention supports simultaneous measurement of multiple single batteries, with high measurement efficiency. Multiple groups of best matching batteries can be found among multiple batteries. The ampere-hours of the measured single batteries are compared, and the ampere-hours within the set value range are matched into a group. The set value of the ampere-hour (AH) number can be input through the touch screen.

[0110] Measure the battery, its voltage is V, the current is I, and use the following formula to calculate the power and accumulated ampere-hours:

[0111] Power (P) = voltage (V) × current (I)

[0112] Charging ampere-hour = voltage (V) × time (t)

[0113] For example: discharge the battery to 3.7V and then charge it. When it reaches 4.3V, count the total charging time and calculate the charging ampere-hour.

[0114] Power = 4.3V × 1A × 3600 seconds = 15840 watt-hours

[0115] Accumulated ampere-hour = 4.3V × time (assuming the time is 1 second) × 3600 seconds = 43Wh

[0116] Real-time power = current voltage (4.3V) × current current (assuming 1A) × 3600 seconds = 15840 watt-hours

[0117] Real-time accumulated ampere-hours = current voltage (4.3V) × real-time time (assuming 1 second) × 3600 seconds = 43Wh.

[0118] It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only used to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, they are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery cell matching system that can extend the life of a battery pack, comprising a local host processor part, a node host and a touch screen connection communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data upload part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charging and discharging circuit part, an ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part, a slave host processor part, a slave RS485 communication part, a slave power supply part, a slave cell temperature control circuit part and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part, characterized in that The signal transmission port of the local host processor part is respectively connected to the signal transmission port of the node host and the touch screen connection communication part, the signal transmission port of the host RS485 communication part, and the signal transmission port of the node data upload part, and the power output port of the node host power supply part is respectively connected to the power port of the local host processor part, the power port of the node host and the touch screen connection communication part, the power port of the host RS485 communication part, and the power port of the node data upload part; The detection signal input port of the slave main processor part is respectively connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, and the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the control signal output port of the slave main processor part is connected to the control signal input port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the signal transmission port of the slave main processor part is connected to the signal transmission port of the slave RS485 communication part; the detection signal input port of the battery charging current acquisition part is connected to the output port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part, and the input port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the detection signal input port of the battery voltage acquisition part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit; the battery discharge current AD The input port of the C conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charging and discharging circuit, and the output port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal input port of the slave main processor part; the power output port of the slave power supply part is respectively connected to the power port of the battery charging current acquisition part, the power port of the battery voltage acquisition part, the power port of the battery charging and discharging circuit part, the power port of the ADC acquisition post-filter circuit part, the power port of the slave main processor part, the power port of the slave RS485 communication part, the power port of the slave core temperature control circuit part, and the power port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part; the control signal input port of the slave core temperature control circuit part is connected to the control signal output port of the slave main processor part; The local host processor part communicates with the slave main processor part through the host RS485 communication part and the slave RS485 communication part. The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part acquire the current and voltage of the single battery. The battery charging and discharging circuit part controls the charging and discharging of the single battery. The slave core temperature control circuit part controls the temperature of the single battery.

2. A battery cell matching system for extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The local host processor adopts the STM32F407VGT6 chip U6, and the 47th and 48th pins are connected to PB10-U9 and PB11-U9 respectively, the 62nd to 64th and 67th to 69th pins of U6 are connected to PD15-U9, COM6_TXD, COM6_RXD, RTC_CE, COM1_TXD and COM1_RXD respectively, and the 80th and 83rd pins of U6 are connected to COM5_TXD and COM5_RXD respectively.

3. A battery cell matching system for extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The host RS485 communication part includes SP3485EN-L / TR chips U55 and U56, pin 1 of U55 is connected to COM6_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U55 are connected to PD15-U9, and pin 4 of U55 is connected to COM6_TXD; pin 7 of U55 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L63, pin 4 of L63 is connected to pin 1 of connector P35 through inductor L62, pin 3 of P35 is connected to pin 3 of L63 through inductor L64, and pin 2 of L63 is connected to pin 6 of U55; Pin 1 of U56 is connected to COM1_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U56 are connected to RTC_CE, and pin 4 of U56 is connected to COM1_TXD; pin 7 of U56 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L66, pin 4 of L66 is connected to pin 1 of connector P36 through inductor L65, pin 3 of P36 is connected to pin 3 of L66 through inductor L67, and pin 2 of L66 is connected to pin 6 of U56.

4. A battery cell matching system for extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery charging current acquisition part adopts the STM32F070F6 chip U1, the 6-14 pins of U1 are connected to ADC0-U1, and the 17th and 18th pins of U1 are connected to PA9-U1 and PA10-U1 respectively.

5. A battery cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery voltage acquisition part adopts the STM32F070F6 chip U2, the 6-14 pins of U2 are connected to ADC1-U2, and the 17th and 18th pins of U2 are connected to PA1-U2 and PA10-U2 respectively.

6. A battery cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery charging and discharging circuit part includes a PNP transistor Q7, the emitter of Q7 is connected to +12V, the base of Q7 is connected to the collector of the output end of the EL357 chip OP40 through a resistor R118, the emitter of the output end of OP40 is respectively connected to GND and one end of a resistor R124, and the other end of R124 is connected to ADC0; The anode of OP40 input terminal is connected to PWM, and the cathode of OP40 input terminal is connected to GND through resistor R121; The collector of Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R116, pin 1 of connector P27 and drain of NCE4060K tube Q10 through inductor L48, pin 2 of P27 is connected to ADC0 through cooling sheet, the other end of R116 is connected to ADC1-U2 and one end of resistor R123 through resistor R119, and the other end of R123 is connected to ADC0; the gate of Q10 is connected to the emitter of output end of EL357 chip OP31, the collector of output end of OP31 is connected to +12V, the anode of input end of OP31 is connected to TIM2, and the cathode of input end of OP31 is connected to GND through resistor R152; the source of Q10 is connected to pins 1 and 2 of CC6902 module U59, pin 8 of U59 is connected to CH1-, and pins 3 and 4 of U59 are connected to ADC0; pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U45 is connected to PB1; pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U44 is connected to PB0.

7. A battery cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The slave main processor part adopts the STM32F030CCT6 chip U3, and the 2nd and 3rd pins of U3 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA, and the 10th to 22nd pins of U3 are respectively connected to PA10-U1, PA9-U1, PA10-U2, PA9-U2, PA4-PA7, PB0-PB2, PB10, and PB11, and the 29th, 30th, 32th to 34th, 37th to 43rd, 45th, and 46th pins of U3 are respectively connected to PWM, TIM2, PA11, PA12, TMS, TCK, PA15, and PB3-PB9; the 1st to 8th pins of the 2.54*8 dip switch U52 are respectively connected to PB7-PB3, PA15, PA12, and PA11; the 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 6th pins of the W25Q128JVSIQTR chip U48 are respectively connected to PA4, PA7, PA6, and PA5.

8. A battery cell matching system for extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The slave RS485 communication part includes an SP3485EN-L / TR chip U51, pins 1 to 4 of U51 are respectively connected to PB11, PB2, PB2, and PB10, pin 7 of U51 is connected to pin 1 of ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 common mode filter L58, pin 4 of L58 is connected to pin 1 of connector P32 through inductor L57, pin 2 of P32 is connected to pin 3 of L58 through inductor L59, and pin 2 of L58 is connected to pin 6 of U51.

9. A battery cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The slave motor core temperature control circuit part includes NPN transistor Q8 and NPN transistor Q9, the base of Q8 is connected to PB9 through resistor R120, the emitter of Q8 is connected to GND, the collector of Q8 is connected to pin 16 of SMI-05 relay K7, pin 1 of K7 is connected to +5V, pin 4 of K7 is connected to +12V, pin 13 of K7 is connected to GND, and pins 8 and 9 of K7 are respectively connected to pins 2 and 1 of TEC1-12706 cooling plate P28; The base of Q9 is connected to PB8 through resistor R127, the emitter of Q9 is connected to GND, the collector of Q9 is connected to pin 16 of SMI-05 relay K8, pin 1 of K8 is connected to +5V, pin 4 of K8 is connected to +12V, pin 13 of K8 is connected to GND, and pins 8 and 9 of K8 are respectively connected to pins 1 and 2 of TEC1-12706 cooling plate P28.

10. A battery cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part includes an AD8541 chip U60, pin 1 of U60 is connected to pin 1 of the MS1100A0 chip U61, and pins 3 and 4 of U61 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA; pin 3 of U60 is respectively connected to pin 3 of BAV199 tube D53, one end of resistor R156, and one end of resistor R157 through resistors R155 and R154, the other end of R156 is connected to CH1-, the other end of R157 is connected to VGND, pin 2 of D53 is connected to +3.3V, and pin 1 of D53 is connected to VGND.

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