Negative pressure seed suction and positive pressure seed metering combined type pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seed quantity

Abstract

The invention discloses a negative-pressure seed suction and positive-pressure seed metering combined type pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seed quantity, and belongs to agricultural machinery. A negative pressure inner chamber consisting of a broken ring type seed box with a rectangular section, an annular plate, a circular adjusting plate and a circular sealing plate is supported and fixedly mounted on the device frame; a driving mechanism consisting of an electric motor, a driving shaft and a driving bracket, a seed sucking mechanism consisting of a seed sucking and discharging annular plate, a seed chamber volume cylinder and a seed chamber volume adjusting barrel, a seed chamber volume adjusting mechanism consisting of a wheel rod, a groove type cam and an L-shaped connecting rod, and a barrel type sleeve, a pressure spring, a hanging rod, a limiting seat plate and an end cover are arranged in the negative pressure inner cavity; the negative-pressure air cut-off mechanism is composed of a negative-pressure air cut-off block; the positive-pressure air seed metering mechanism is composed of a positive-pressure air blowing pipe, a hose, a negative-pressure air cut-off block and a seed metering pipe; the device realizes combination of negative-pressure seed suction and positive-pressure seed metering and adjustable seed metering quantity, and is good in seed filling and metering effect, high in applicability and wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to agricultural machinery, and mainly relates to a pneumatic seed metering device. Background Art

[0002] The air-suction seed metering device is a very common seeding component in recent years, and is particularly suitable for supporting large multi-row seeding machines. In the practice of production operations for many years, it is found that due to the shortcomings and defects in the structural design, the existing air-suction seed metering device can only adapt to one seed and a certain sowing amount. When used for different seeds or different sowing amounts of the same seed, it is necessary to replace the suction disc with different socket sizes, which not only easily causes damage to the sowing machine and reduces the efficiency of the machine, but also has poor applicability and a small range. Disassembly and replacement are labor-intensive and time-consuming, which increases the operating cost. In addition, when the traditional and currently used air-suction seed metering device is used to discharge seeds, after the negative pressure suction force on the seeds is cut off, the seeds can only rely on their own weight to escape from the sockets of the suction disc. In production and use, seed jamming failures often occur and occur, which greatly reduces the quality of sowing operations. In recent years, in order to solve the above-mentioned seed jamming problem, various mechanical and air-blowing auxiliary seeding structures have been studied, but there are still many technical problems that need to be overcome and solved, such as complex structure, high failure rate, increased manufacturing cost, poor reliability of operation, and unclear technical effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and in combination with the actual needs of the current agricultural mechanized sowing operations for the use of pneumatic seeding devices, to develop and design a new structure of a combined negative pressure seed suction and positive pressure seeding pneumatic seeding device with adjustable seed quantity, so as to achieve the purposes of strong ability to adapt to different seeds and different sowing requirements, a wide range of adaptability, simple, convenient and quick adjustment, good seed unloading and seeding effect, low seed sticking rate and high degree of commonality.

[0004] The purpose of the invention is achieved in this way: a rectangular cross-section broken-ring seed box with a seed-entry bucket is supported and fixed on a frame, the broken-ring portion of the rectangular cross-section broken-ring seed box is located at the bottom, a plurality of seed-entry through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the rectangular cross-section broken-ring seed box, annular plates and circular sealing plates are respectively fixed in the annular holes at both end surfaces of the rectangular cross-section broken-ring seed box, a circular adjustment plate is sealably installed in the annular holes of the annular plates so as to be rotatable circumferentially, and a negative pressure inner chamber is thus formed by the rectangular cross-section broken-ring seed box, the annular plate, the circular adjustment plate and the circular sealing plate, and the negative pressure suction air is sucked in The tube and the positive-pressure air blowing tube are respectively installed on the outer wall surfaces of the annular plate and the circular sealing plate, and the negative-pressure suction tube is communicated with the negative-pressure inner chamber; the drive shaft and the fixed electric motor are rotatably supported and installed by the brackets at the middle part of the frame and the outer part of the circular sealing plate, and the electric motor is connected to the drive shaft, and the drive shaft is rotatably inserted into the center holes of the circular sealing plate and the circular adjustment plate. A shaft sleeve with a top screw is rotatably mounted on the end of the drive shaft and located outside the circular adjustment plate. The top screw fixes the shaft sleeve to the drive shaft, and the shaft sleeve and the circular adjustment plate are fixed as a whole. A driving bracket is fixedly installed on the driving shaft at a position located in the negative pressure inner chamber, and a seed suction and discharge annular plate is fixedly installed on the outer end portion of the circumference of the driving bracket, and the outer surface of the seed suction and discharge annular plate is in close contact with the inner wall surface of the rectangular cross-section broken ring type seed box, and a plurality of seed delivery through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the seed suction and discharge annular plate, and the seed delivery through holes on the seed suction and discharge annular plate are successively overlapped and connected with the seed entry through holes on the inner wall plate of the rectangular cross-section broken ring type seed box or staggered and closed cooperation; a fixed seed chamber volume cylinder is radially connected to the inner wall surface of the seed suction and discharge annular plate and is coaxially connected to the seed delivery through holes, A guide slide hole is provided in the axial direction on the wall plate of the seed chamber volume cylinder, and the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel can be axially pulled and movably inserted into the barrel cavity of the seed chamber volume cylinder, and the guide column fixedly installed on the outer wall surface of the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel can be movably inserted into the guide slide hole, and an L-shaped connecting rod and a negative pressure suction hole are fixedly installed on the bottom wall plate of the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel, and a number of wheel rods equal to the number of seed delivery holes on the seed suction and discharge ring plate are evenly fixed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall surface of the circular adjustment plate, and the grooved cam is fixed on the wheel rod, and the end of the L-shaped connecting rod can be slidably inserted into the cam groove of the grooved cam;A barrel-type sleeve is fixedly mounted vertically and inverted on the inner wall surface of the circular sealing plate at the position below the driving shaft, and a hanging rod with a limited seat plate is inserted in the central hole of the end cover so as to be positioned circumferentially and radially and axially telescopically movable. The end cover is fixedly mounted on the barrel mouth at the lower end of the inverted barrel-type sleeve, and a compression spring is arranged between the outside of the hanging rod and the inner wall surface of the barrel-type sleeve, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the compression spring are respectively in extrusion contact with the inner wall surface of the bottom wall plate of the barrel-type sleeve and the upper end surface of the limited seat plate, and the lower end surface of the limited seat plate is in extrusion contact with the inner wall surface of the bottom wall plate of the barrel-type sleeve and the upper end surface of the limited seat plate. The end face and the upper end face of the end cover are in contact axial limiting fit or out of contact fit, a negative pressure gas shut-off block is fixed on the lower end of the hanging rod, a positive pressure air duct is opened in the negative pressure gas shut-off block, a hose connects the positive pressure inner blow pipe with the air inlet of the positive pressure air duct, and the air outlet of the positive pressure air duct is connected to the seed discharge pipe fixed on the bracket through the negative pressure suction hole, the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel, the seed chamber volume cylinder, and the seed delivery through hole on the suction and discharge ring plate, so as to form a negative pressure suction and positive pressure seed discharge combined type pneumatic seed discharger with adjustable seed quantity. ;

[0005] The invention creates a volume-adjustable seed suction chamber composed of a seed chamber volume cylinder and a seed chamber volume adjusting barrel to meet the needs of seed filling and use for different seeds and different sowing amounts, adopts negative pressure air to cut off the air synchronously and uses positive pressure air flow to blow to ensure and improve the reliability of seed unloading and seed discharge operations, avoids and eliminates the occurrence of seed jamming failures, has the characteristics of novel, unique and reasonable structure, simple, convenient, fast and accurate adjustment of seed chamber volume size, strong ability to adapt to different seeds and different sowing amount requirements, no seed jamming phenomenon, good seed filling and discharge effect, high quality, reliable use and low failure rate, and provides technical support for improving the technical performance of pneumatic seeding devices and upgrading products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a combined negative pressure seed suction and positive pressure seed discharge pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seed quantity;

[0007] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A two-dimensional view of the

[0008] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A sectional view in the direction of B-B;

[0009] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the chamber volume regulating barrel;

[0010] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chamber volume cylinder;

[0011] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the negative pressure gas shut-off block;

[0012] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the hanging rod structure;

[0013] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Bottom view of

[0014] Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 A top view of

[0015] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the end cover structure;

[0016] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the grooved cam structure.

[0017] Description of part numbers in the figure:

[0018] 1. Seed feeding bucket, 2. Rectangular section broken ring type seed box, 3. Ring plate, 4. Round adjustment plate, 5. Drive shaft, 6. Bushing, 7. Negative pressure suction pipe, 8. Round sealing plate, 9. Drive bracket, 10. Barrel sleeve, 11. Wheel rod, 12. Hanging rod, 13. Groove cam, 14. L-shaped connecting rod, 15. Seed chamber volume adjustment barrel, 15-1, Negative pressure suction hole, 16. Hose, 17. Negative pressure air breaking block, 17-1, Positive pressure air duct, 18. Top screw, 19. End cover, 20. Seed chamber volume cylinder, 20-1, Guide slide hole, 21. Seed suction and discharge ring plate, 22. Seed discharge pipe, 23. Bracket, 24. Device frame, 25. Electric motor, 26. Positive pressure air blowing pipe, 27. Guide column, 28. Limit seat plate, 29. Compression spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is a detailed description of the implementation scheme of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. A pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seed quantity and a combination of negative pressure seed suction and positive pressure seed dispensing, a rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box 2 with a seed entry bucket 1 is supported and fixedly mounted on a device frame 24, the broken ring portion of the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box 2 is located at the bottom, and a plurality of seed entry through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box 2, annular plates 3 and circular sealing plates 8 are respectively fixedly mounted in the annular holes at both end faces of the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box 2, and a circular adjustment plate 4 is sealed and installed in the annular hole of the annular plate 3 so as to be rotatable and reciprocating in the circumferential direction, so that the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box 2, the annular plate 3, the circular adjustment plate 4, and the circular sealing plate 8 constitute a negative pressure inner chamber, and the negative pressure suction pipe 7 and The positive-pressure air blowing pipe 26 is respectively installed on the outer wall surfaces of the annular plate 3 and the circular sealing plate 8, and the negative-pressure suction pipe 7 is communicated with the negative-pressure inner chamber; the drive shaft 5 and the fixed electric motor 25 are rotatably supported and installed by the bracket 23 at the middle part of the frame 24 and the outer part of the circular sealing plate 8, and the electric motor 25 is connected to the drive shaft 5, and the drive shaft 5 is rotatably inserted into the center holes of the circular sealing plate 8 and the circular adjustment plate 4. The end of the drive shaft 5 is rotatably mounted on the outside of the circular adjustment plate 4 with a sleeve 6 with a top screw 18, and the top screw 18 fixes the sleeve 6 to the drive shaft 5, and the sleeve 6 is fixed to the circular adjustment plate 4 as a whole. A driving bracket 9 is fixedly mounted on the driving shaft 5 at a position located in the negative pressure inner chamber, and a seed suction and discharge annular plate 21 is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the circumference of the driving bracket 9. The outer surface of the seed suction and discharge annular plate 21 is in close contact with the inner wall surface of the rectangular cross-section broken ring type seed box 2, and a plurality of seed delivery through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the seed suction and discharge annular plate 21. The seed delivery through holes on the seed suction and discharge annular plate 21 are in turn overlapped and connected with the seed entry through holes on the inner wall plate of the rectangular cross-section broken ring type seed box 2 or staggered and closed. A seed chamber volume cylinder 20 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall surface of the seed suction and discharge annular plate 21 along the radial direction and coaxially connected with the seed delivery through holes, and along the wall plate of the seed chamber volume cylinder 20. A guide slide hole 20-1 is provided axially, and the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel 15 can be axially pulled and movably inserted into the barrel cavity of the seed chamber volume barrel 20, and the guide column 27 fixedly installed on the outer wall surface of the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel 15 can be movably inserted into the guide slide hole 20-1, and an L-shaped connecting rod 14 and a negative pressure suction hole 15-1 are fixedly installed on the bottom wall plate of the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel 15. The number of wheel rods 11 equal to the number of seed delivery holes on the seed suction and discharge ring plate 21 is evenly distributed and fixed on the inner wall surface of the circular adjustment plate 4 along the circumferential direction, and the grooved cam 13 is fixed on the wheel rod 11, and the end of the L-shaped connecting rod 14 can be slidably inserted in the cam groove of the grooved cam 13;A barrel-type sleeve 10 is fixedly mounted vertically and inverted on the inner wall surface of the circular sealing plate 8 at the position below the driving shaft 5, and a hanging rod 12 with a limited seat plate 28 is inserted in the central hole of the end cover 19 so as to be circumferentially and radially positioned and axially telescopically movable. The end cover 19 is fixedly mounted on the barrel mouth at the lower end of the inverted barrel-type sleeve 10, and a compression spring 29 is installed between the outside of the hanging rod 12 and the inner wall surface of the barrel-type sleeve 10. The upper end surface and the lower end surface of the compression spring 29 are respectively in extrusion contact with the inner wall surface of the bottom wall plate of the barrel-type sleeve 10 and the upper end surface of the limited seat plate 28. The lower end surface of the limiting seat plate 28 is in contact with the upper end surface of the end cover 19 in axial limiting cooperation or out of contact cooperation. A negative pressure gas shut-off block 17 is fixed on the lower end of the hanging rod 12. A positive pressure air duct 17-1 is opened in the negative pressure gas shut-off block 17. The hose 16 connects the positive pressure internal blowpipe 26 with the air inlet of the positive pressure air duct 17-1. The air outlet of the positive pressure air duct 17-1 is connected to the seed delivery through hole on the negative pressure suction hole 15-1, the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel 15, the seed chamber volume cylinder 20, and the suction and discharge ring plate 21 and the seed discharge pipe 22 fixed on the bracket 23. ;

[0020] During operation, the seeds are filled from the seed hopper 1 into the rectangular cavity of the rectangular section broken ring type seed box 2, and the external negative pressure air source and the pulsating positive pressure air source are connected to the negative pressure inner chamber composed of the rectangular section broken ring type seed box 2, the annular plate 3, the circular adjustment plate 4, and the circular sealing plate 8 through the negative pressure suction pipe 7 and the positive pressure wind blowing pipe 26, respectively, and the positive pressure wind conveying channel composed of the hose 16 and the positive pressure air duct 17-1 on the negative pressure air breaking block 17 is connected, and the electric motor 25 is started, and the driving shaft 5 is rotated to drive the driving bracket 9, and the circular adjustment plate 4 is driven to rotate at the same speed through the shaft sleeve 6, and the driving bracket 9 drives the seed chamber volume cylinder 20, the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel 15 and the L-shaped connecting rod 14, the grooved cam 13, and the wheel rod 11 to rotate synchronously with the circular adjustment plate 4 through the suction and discharge ring plate 21. When the seed delivery through hole on the suction and discharge ring plate 2 is aligned with the rectangular section When the seed entry holes on the inner wall plate of the broken ring seed box 2 overlap, the negative pressure suction force of the negative pressure inner chamber sucks the seeds from the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box 2 into the seed chamber volume cylinder 20 and the seed chamber volume regulating barrel 15 through the negative pressure suction holes 15-1 on the seed chamber volume regulating barrel 15. When the seed chamber volume regulating barrel 15 filled with seeds rotates downward and its bottom surface is tightly pressed and contacted with the negative pressure gas breaking block 17, the negative pressure gas While the air cut-off block 17 cuts off the connection between the negative pressure air suction hole 15-1 and the negative pressure air force in the negative pressure inner chamber, the pulsating positive pressure air is blown into the seed chamber volume regulating barrel 15 and the seed chamber volume cylinder 20 from the positive pressure air blowing pipe 26, the hose 16, and the positive pressure air duct 17-1 on the negative pressure air cut-off block 17, and the seeds are blown into the seed discharge pipe 22 through the seed delivery holes on the seed suction and discharge annular plate 21, completing the operation process of negative pressure seed suction and positive pressure seed discharge.

[0021] When adjusting the seed chamber volume according to different seeds or different sowing rates, loosen the top screw 18, rotate the sleeve 6 on the drive shaft 5, drive the circular adjustment plate 4 to rotate, and rotate the grooved cam 13 through the wheel rod 11, and use the L-shaped connecting rod 14 to move in the cam groove of the grooved cam 13 to extend or retract the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel 15 in the seed chamber volume cylinder 20 to change the size of the volume cavity. After the adjustment is completed, the sleeve 6 is locked on the drive shaft 5 with the top screw 18. This device realizes stepless adjustment of the seed chamber volume, with high adjustment accuracy, wide application range and strong adaptability.

Claims

1. A combined negative pressure seed suction and positive pressure seed discharge pneumatic seed meter with adjustable seed quantity, characterized in that: A rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box (2) with a seed feeding bucket (1) is supported and fixed on a frame (24), wherein the broken ring portion of the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box (2) is located at the bottom, and a plurality of seed feeding through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box (2), and an annular plate (3) and a circular sealing plate (8) are respectively fixed in the annular holes at both end surfaces of the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box (2), and a circular adjustment plate (4) is sealed and installed in the annular hole of the annular plate (3) so as to be rotatable in a circumferential direction. Thus, a negative pressure inner chamber is formed by the rectangular cross-section broken ring seed box (2), the annular plate (3), the circular adjustment plate (4), and the circular sealing plate (8), and a negative pressure suction pipe (7) and a positive pressure air blowing pipe (26) are respectively installed on the annular plate (3) and On the outer wall surface of the circular sealing plate (8), the negative pressure suction pipe (7) is connected to the negative pressure inner chamber; on the middle part of the frame (24), located on the outer side of the circular sealing plate (8), the drive shaft (5) and the fixed electric motor (25) are rotatably supported and installed by the bracket (23), the electric motor (25) is connected to the drive shaft (5), the drive shaft (5) is rotatably inserted into the center holes of the circular sealing plate (8) and the circular adjustment plate (4), and a sleeve (6) with a top screw (18) is rotatably mounted on the end of the drive shaft (5) and located outside the circular adjustment plate (4), the top screw (18) fixes the sleeve (6) and the drive shaft (5), and the sleeve (6) and the circular adjustment plate (4) are fixed as a whole, A driving bracket (9) is fixedly mounted on the driving shaft (5) at a position located in the negative pressure inner chamber, and a seed suction and discharge annular plate (21) is fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential end of the driving bracket (9). The outer surface of the seed suction and discharge annular plate (21) is in close contact with the inner wall surface of the rectangular cross-section broken ring type seed box (2). A plurality of seed delivery through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the seed suction and discharge annular plate (21). The seed delivery through holes on the seed suction and discharge annular plate (21) are in mutual overlap communication or staggered closed cooperation with the seed entry through holes on the inner wall plate of the rectangular cross-section broken ring type seed box (2). A seed chamber volume cylinder (20) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall surface of the seed suction and discharge annular plate (21) in radial direction and in coaxial communication with the seed delivery through holes, and a guide hole is provided in the axial direction on the wall plate of the seed chamber volume cylinder (20). The seed chamber volume regulating barrel (15) is inserted into the barrel cavity of the seed chamber volume barrel (20) so as to be axially withdrawn and movably moved. The guide column (27) fixedly mounted on the outer wall surface of the seed chamber volume regulating barrel (15) is movably inserted into the guide slide hole (20-1). An L-shaped connecting rod (14) and a negative pressure suction hole (15-1) are fixedly mounted on the bottom wall plate of the seed chamber volume regulating barrel (15). A wheel rod (11) having a number equal to the number of seed delivery holes on the seed suction and discharge ring plate (21) is evenly fixedly mounted on the inner wall surface of the circular regulating plate (4) along the circumferential direction. A grooved cam (13) is fixedly mounted on the wheel rod (11). The end of the L-shaped connecting rod (14) is slidably inserted into the cam groove of the grooved cam (13).A barrel-type sleeve (10) is vertically and invertedly fixed on the inner wall surface of the circular sealing plate (8) at a position below the driving shaft (5); a hanging rod (12) with a limited position seat plate (28) is inserted into the central hole of the end cover (19) so as to be circumferentially and radially positioned and axially telescopically movable; the end cover (19) is fixed on the barrel mouth at the lower end of the inverted barrel-type sleeve (10); a compression spring (29) is provided at a position between the outside of the hanging rod (12) and the inner wall surface of the barrel-type sleeve (10); the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the compression spring (29) are respectively in extrusion contact with the inner wall surface of the bottom wall plate of the barrel-type sleeve (10) and the upper end surface of the limited position seat plate (28); the limited position seat plate (28) is provided in a position between the outer part ... bottom wall plate of the barrel-type sleeve (10) and the upper end surface of the limited position seat plate (28). The lower end surface of the seat plate (28) and the upper end surface of the end cover (19) are in contact axial limiting cooperation or out of contact cooperation, a negative pressure air shut-off block (17) is fixedly installed on the lower end of the hanging rod (12), a positive pressure air duct (17-1) is opened in the negative pressure air shut-off block (17), a hose (16) connects the positive pressure internal blow pipe (26) with the air inlet of the positive pressure air duct (17-1), and the air outlet of the positive pressure air duct (17-1) is connected to the seed discharge pipe (22) fixedly installed on the bracket (23) through the negative pressure air suction hole (15-1), the seed chamber volume adjustment barrel (15), the seed chamber volume cylinder (20), and the seed discharge through hole on the seed suction and discharge annular plate (21). ;

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