Comprehensive control method for plant diseases and insect pests based on biological control

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive control method for plant diseases and insect pests based on biological control, which comprises the following steps: S1, spreading an actinomycete agent on the surface of soil according to the proportion that 1-2g of actinomycete agent is mixed with each kilogram of soil, and mixing the actinomycete agent with the soil by utilizing a crop tool; s2, the surface of the soil is covered with a thin film, 8-15 holes are formed in the thin film every 2-3 cm through a needle tip, and the soil is subjected to standing for 24-48 h under the normal temperature condition; s3, the thin film is removed, the soil is turned over, and the soil stands still for 1-2 h under the normal temperature condition; s4, healthy plants without plant diseases and insect pests are planted every 40-80 cm; 1-2 healthy aromatic plants without plant diseases and insect pests are planted between every two adjacent plants at equal intervals; s5, after planting is completed, the soil is turned once every 45-60 days, and the soil turning depth is 5-8 cm; collecting a soil sample, detecting the number of microorganisms in the soil sample, and identifying the species of the microorganisms; therefore, a multiple biological control mechanism is formed, the control effect of plant diseases and insect pests is remarkably improved, and the dependence on chemical pesticides is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for integrated control of plant diseases and insect pests, and in particular to a method for integrated control of plant diseases and insect pests based on biological control. Background Art

[0002] Biological control refers to the use of biological organisms or their natural (non-toxic) products to control pests and diseases. This definition not only includes the use of insects to control insects, bacteria to control pests and diseases, and plants to control pests and diseases, but also includes technical measures for the prevention and control of pests and diseases such as insects, microorganisms, plant metabolites, and genetic modification technology, making full use of the cooperation between beneficial organisms and plant resistance genes. As an important means of agricultural pest control, biological control technology has the characteristics of safety, high efficiency, and long-term effectiveness. It can improve the efficiency of crop pest control and reduce the impact of pests on crops and the environment.

[0003] Take the plants unique to the Northeast as an example. Soybeans, as one of the main crops in the region, are inevitably invaded by pests and diseases during their cultivation. However, soybeans themselves and the surrounding ecosystems contain rich biological control resources. For example, some soybean varieties have natural resistance to pests and diseases. By breeding these resistant varieties, the occurrence of pests and diseases can be effectively reduced without relying on chemical pesticides. In addition, natural enemy insects in soybean fields, such as ladybugs and aphid flies, are also important biological control forces. They can naturally control the number of pests and maintain ecological balance.

[0004] However, in the existing plant pest control methods, the widespread use of chemical pesticides in the cultivation of some other plants has led to a series of environmental problems, such as soil pollution, water pollution and ecological balance destruction. At the same time, long-term reliance on chemical pesticides may also lead to pest resistance, thereby reducing the control effect of pesticides.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated plant disease and insect pest control method based on biological control to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a method for integrated plant disease and insect pest control based on biological control.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for integrated plant disease and insect pest control based on biological control, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Spread the actinomycete on the soil surface at a ratio of 1 to 2 g per kilogram of soil, and mix the actinomycete with the soil using agricultural tools to a mixing depth of 20 to 25 cm. The purpose is to ensure that the actinomycete can be evenly distributed in different layers of the soil to provide a basis for subsequent microbial activities.

[0009] S2. Cover the soil surface with a film, use a needle tip to poke 8 to 15 holes every 2 to 3 cm on the film, and leave the soil at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours; Cover the soil surface with a film to prevent water evaporation and maintain soil moisture. Subsequently, use a needle tip to poke 8 to 15 holes every 2 to 3 cm on the film to allow gas exchange and microbial activity. Leave the soil at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours to allow actinomycetes enough time to colonize and function in the soil.

[0010] S3. Remove the film, turn the soil, and let it stand for another 1-2 hours at room temperature. After standing, remove the film and turn the soil to increase soil aeration and space for microbial activity. Let the soil stand for another 1-2 hours at room temperature to restore the soil structure and promote further reproduction of microorganisms.

[0011] S4. Plant a healthy plant without pests and diseases every 40 to 80 cm; plant 1 to 2 healthy aromatic plants without pests and diseases evenly between two adjacent plants; plant a plant every 40 to 80 cm to form a reasonable plant layout. At the same time, plant 1 to 2 aromatic plants evenly between two adjacent plants. Aromatic plants can not only beautify the environment, but also repel some pests through their unique volatile substances, thereby enhancing the biological control effect.

[0012] S5. After planting, turn the soil every 45 to 60 days to a depth of 5 to 8 cm. Collect soil samples to test the number of microorganisms in the soil samples and identify the types of microorganisms. After planting, turn the soil every 45 to 60 days to a depth of 5 to 8 cm. Turning the soil helps loosen the soil, promote root growth and improve soil aeration. At the same time, collect soil samples regularly to test the number of microorganisms and identify the types of microorganisms.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the actinomycete agent is a Streptomyces rocheri agent, a Streptomyces flavotrifolius preparation, a Streptomyces seririus agent, and a mixed preparation of Streptomyces carnosus and Streptomyces densiflorus.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic plant is one or more of lavender, rosemary, and mint.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, according to the test results of the soil sample, organic fertilizer is applied to the planting soil during the soil turning process to adjust the soil pH value.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in steps S4 and S5, a full-cycle weeding treatment is performed on the planted plants and the areas surrounding the aromatic plants.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the film is a degradable material; in step S3, the removed film can be treated as organic waste.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plants and the aromatic plants are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the integrated control method further comprises: regularly observing and recording the growth conditions and the occurrence of diseases and pests of plants and aromatic plants, and setting a disease threshold; when the threshold is exceeded, introducing natural enemies of pests to optimize the integrated control method.

[0020] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) By introducing actinomycetes and biological factors of aromatic plants, a multiple biological control mechanism is formed, which significantly improves the control effect of plant diseases and insect pests, reduces the dependence on chemical pesticides, and can effectively control the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, reducing the dependence on chemical pesticides. At the same time, the actinomycete agents composed of Streptomyces rocheri, Streptomyces flavosinus, Streptomyces seriyo, Streptomyces carnosus and Streptomyces pyrrosinus can effectively control the spread of diseases and insect pests by competing for nutrients and space, producing antibiotics or antibacterial substances, etc., thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogens and pests in the soil, thereby reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.

[0022] (2) The actinomycetes used in this method can decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve soil aeration and water retention, thereby facilitating the growth and development of plant roots and improving plant resistance and yield.

[0023] (3) This method not only has the function of beautifying the environment by planting aromatic plants in the plants, but also has the function of repelling some pests through their unique volatile substances, thereby interfering with the pests' sense of smell and mating behavior, reducing the number and reproduction rate of pests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the comprehensive control method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. Spread the actinomycetes on the soil surface at a ratio of 1 to 2 g per kilogram of soil, and use agricultural tools to mix the actinomycetes with the soil at a mixing depth of 20 to 25 cm. The purpose is to ensure that the actinomycetes can be evenly distributed in different layers of the soil, providing a basis for subsequent microbial activities.

[0030] Furthermore, the actinomycete agent is a Streptomyces rocheri agent, a Streptomyces flavotrifolius preparation, a Streptomyces seriyo agent, and a mixed preparation of Streptomyces carnosus and Streptomyces densiflorus.

[0031] S2. Cover the soil surface with a film, use a needle tip to poke 8 to 15 holes every 2 to 3 cm on the film, and leave the soil at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours; Cover the soil surface with a film to prevent water evaporation and maintain soil moisture. Subsequently, use a needle tip to poke 8 to 15 holes every 2 to 3 cm on the film to allow gas exchange and microbial activity. Leave the soil at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours to allow actinomycetes enough time to colonize and function in the soil.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S2, the film is a degradable material; and in step S3, the removed film can be treated as organic waste.

[0033] S3. Remove the film, turn the soil, and let it stand for another 1-2 hours at room temperature. After standing, remove the film and turn the soil to increase soil aeration and space for microbial activity. Let the soil stand for another 1-2 hours at room temperature to restore the soil structure and promote further reproduction of microorganisms.

[0034] S4. Plant a healthy plant without pests and diseases every 40 to 80 cm; plant 1 to 2 healthy aromatic plants without pests and diseases evenly between two adjacent plants; plant a plant every 40 to 80 cm to form a reasonable plant layout. At the same time, plant 1 to 2 aromatic plants evenly between two adjacent plants. Aromatic plants can not only beautify the environment, but also repel some pests through their unique volatile substances, thereby enhancing the biological control effect.

[0035] Furthermore, the aromatic plants are one or more of lavender, rosemary, and mint. The plants and aromatic plants are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0036] S5. After planting, turn the soil every 45 to 60 days to a depth of 5 to 8 cm. Collect soil samples to test the number of microorganisms in the soil samples and identify the types of microorganisms. After planting, turn the soil every 45 to 60 days to a depth of 5 to 8 cm. Turning the soil helps loosen the soil, promote root growth and improve soil aeration. At the same time, collect soil samples regularly to test the number of microorganisms and identify the types of microorganisms.

[0037] In step S5, according to the test results of the soil samples, organic fertilizer is applied to the planting soil during the soil turning process to adjust the soil pH value.

[0038] In steps S4 and S5, a full-cycle weed control treatment is performed on the planted plants and the areas surrounding the aromatic plants.

[0039] Integrated control methods also include: regularly observing and recording the growth conditions of plants and aromatic plants, the occurrence of pests and diseases, and setting disease thresholds; when the threshold is exceeded, introducing natural enemies of pests and optimizing integrated control methods.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] Soil preparation and application of actinomycetes: Select a piece of land to be planted, remove weeds and stones on the surface, and calculate the area of ​​the land to be 20m 2. According to actual testing, the soil density of the land is 1.5 kg / m3, and the thickness of the turned soil is 20 cm; according to the ratio of 1.5 g of actinomycetes per kilogram of soil, the total amount of actinomycetes required is calculated to be 9 g. The actinomycetes used are Streptomyces rocheri, Streptomyces flavosinus, Streptomyces seriyo, and a mixed preparation of Streptomyces carnosus and Streptomyces pyrrosinus to ensure its biological control effect. Spread the actinomycetes evenly on the soil surface and mix it with the soil to a depth of 20 cm using crop tools such as hoes.

[0042] Cover the soil surface with a layer of biodegradable film and use a needle tip to poke 10 holes every 2.5 cm in the film to allow gas exchange and microbial activity. Leave the soil at room temperature for 40 hours to allow the actinomycetes enough time to colonize and function in the soil.

[0043] Remove the film and use a hoe to turn the soil to increase soil aeration and space for microbial activity. Leave the soil alone for 1.5 hours at room temperature to restore the soil structure and promote further reproduction of microorganisms.

[0044] Plant a healthy, pest-free holly plant at a distance of 60 cm. Plant a healthy, pest-free aromatic lavender plant at an equal distance between every two adjacent plants. Plants and aromatic plants are arranged in a staggered manner to form a reasonable plant layout.

[0045] After planting, the soil is turned over every 50 days to a depth of 6 cm. Soil samples are collected regularly to test the number of microorganisms and identify the types of microorganisms. Weeding is also carried out throughout the entire cycle around the planted plants and aromatic plants.

[0046] Regularly observe and record the growth conditions and occurrence of pests and diseases of plants and aromatic plants, and set disease thresholds. When the pest and disease situation exceeds the set threshold, introduce natural enemies of pests for biological control.

[0047] Example data: After a series of operations in Example 1, the number of fungi in the soil was significantly reduced, and regular changes occurred: in the soil with dense root distribution, the number of fungi decreased by 85.7%; in the soil on the root surface, the number of fungi decreased by 78.6%; inside the root system, the number of fungi decreased by 96.4%.

[0048] The harmful fungi Fusarium solani and pathogenic bacteria Rhodopsinella spp. that affect the normal growth of holly disappeared in the soil of the root zone and the soil on the root surface. The incidence of pests and diseases is less than 1%.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] A piece of land to be planted that is consistent with the specifications of Example 1 is selected, and weeds and stones on the surface are removed.

[0051] Before planting, the soil was turned over to make it fluffy, and the holly plant and the aromatic plant lavender were planted at the same planting density and spacing as in the embodiment.

[0052] During the growth period of plants, manual control is carried out regularly according to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and weeding is carried out around the planted plants.

[0053] Comparative data: The soil contains a large number of fungi, as well as harmful fungi such as Fusarium solani, pathogenic bacteria such as Rhodopsinella and Rhodopsinella, which affect the normal growth of holly, resulting in a decline in soil quality and a high incidence of diseases and insect pests.

[0054] Comprehensive evaluation:

[0055] (1) Example 1 By applying actinomycetes and scientific soil management, the number of harmful fungi is effectively reduced, the soil microbial environment is improved, and healthier growth conditions are provided for plants.

[0056] In Comparative Example 1, no microbial regulation was performed, and the number of fungi in the soil was large, and harmful fungi existed, which was not conducive to plant growth.

[0057] (2) Example 1 Through scientific planting layout and management measures, combined with biological control, the occurrence of pests and diseases is effectively controlled, ensuring the healthy growth of plants.

[0058] Although artificial control was carried out in Comparative Example 1, the incidence of diseases and insect pests was high due to the lack of effective microbial regulation and biological control methods.

[0059] (3) The method of Example 1 not only improves the current soil quality and plant growth conditions, but also promotes the long-term sustainability of the soil through biological control and scientific soil management.

[0060] In comparative example 1, due to the lack of microbial regulation, the soil quality may continue to decline, which is not conducive to long-term planting.

[0061] In summary, Example 1 significantly improved the soil microbial environment, reduced the incidence of pests and diseases, and promoted the healthy growth of plants through scientific soil preparation, application of actinomycetes, soil management, and biological control measures. In contrast, due to the lack of these measures, the soil quality and plant growth conditions of Comparative Example 1 were not as good as those of Example 1. Therefore, the method of Example 1 has significant advantages in soil improvement and plant pest control.

[0062] When the present invention is used, first, the actinomycete is evenly spread on the soil surface according to the ratio of 1 to 2 g of the actinomycete per kilogram of soil, and mixed with the soil to a depth of 20 to 25 cm using a crop implement. The purpose of this step is to ensure that the actinomycete can be evenly distributed in different layers of the soil, providing a basis for subsequent microbial activities.

[0063] Next, cover the soil surface with a layer of biodegradable film and use a needle tip to poke 8 to 15 holes every 2 to 3 cm in the film to allow gas exchange and microbial activity. Leave the soil at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours to allow the actinomycetes enough time to colonize and function in the soil.

[0064] After the rest period, remove the film and stir the soil to increase soil aeration and space for microbial activity. Then, leave the soil at room temperature for another 1-2 hours to restore the soil structure and promote further microbial growth.

[0065] Plant one healthy, pest-free plant at a distance of 40 to 80 cm, and plant 1 to 2 healthy, pest-free aromatic plants at an equal distance between two adjacent plants. Aromatic plants can not only beautify the environment, but also repel some pests through their unique volatile substances.

[0066] After planting, the soil is turned over every 45 to 60 days to a depth of 5 to 8 cm. At the same time, soil samples are collected regularly to test the number of microorganisms and identify the types of microorganisms. According to the test results of the soil samples, organic fertilizer can be applied to the planting soil during the turning process to adjust the soil pH value.

[0067] In addition, weeding should be carried out on the plants and the surrounding areas of aromatic plants throughout the planting cycle, and the growth status, pests and diseases of the plants and aromatic plants should be regularly observed and recorded. When the pest and disease situation exceeds the set threshold, natural enemies of pests can be introduced to optimize the integrated control method.

[0068] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Spread the actinomycete on the soil surface at a ratio of 1 to 2 g per kilogram of soil, and mix the actinomycete with the soil using an agricultural implement to a mixing depth of 20 to 25 cm. S2. Cover the soil surface with a film, use a needle tip to poke 8 to 15 holes every 2 to 3 cm on the film, and leave the soil at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours; S3. Remove the film, turn over the soil, and leave the soil to stand for 1 to 2 hours at room temperature. S4. Plant one healthy, pest-free plant every 40 to 80 cm; plant 1 to 2 healthy, pest-free aromatic plants at equal distances between every two adjacent plants; S5. After planting, turn the soil every 45 to 60 days to a depth of 5 to 8 cm. Collect soil samples, test the number of microorganisms in the soil samples, and identify the types of microorganisms.

2. The method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The actinomycete agent is a Streptomyces rocheri agent, a Streptomyces flavotrifolius preparation, a Streptomyces seriyo agent, and a mixed preparation of Streptomyces carnosus and Streptomyces densiflorus.

3. The method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aromatic plants are one or more of lavender, rosemary and mint.

4. The method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, according to the detection result of the soil sample, during the soil turning process, organic fertilizer is applied to the planting soil to adjust the soil pH value.

5. The method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S4 and S5, a full-cycle weed control treatment is performed on the planted plants and the areas surrounding the aromatic plants.

6. The method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the film is a degradable material; in step S3, the removed film can be treated as organic waste.

7. The method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plants and the aromatic plants are arranged in a staggered manner.

8. The method for integrated plant pest control based on biological control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated control method also includes: regularly observing and recording the growth conditions and the occurrence of pests and diseases of plants and aromatic plants, and setting a disease threshold; when the threshold is exceeded, introducing natural enemies of pests to optimize the integrated control method.

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