Fixed bed type rectification device

Abstract

The invention discloses a fixed bed type rectification device which comprises a gravity bed, a rectification tower plate, a flow blocking mechanism, a condensate storage tank, a flow guide column, a rectification barrel, a reboiler, a vent hole and a condensation backflow hole, the rectification barrel is arranged on the upper side of the gravity bed, and the reboiler and the condensate storage tank are arranged on the front portion and the rear portion of the upper side of the gravity bed respectively. Rectifying tower plates are arranged in the rectifying barrel, a flow blocking mechanism is arranged between the rectifying tower plates, a flow guide column is arranged in the rectifying barrel, and a condensation backflow hole and a vent hole are formed in the upper side of the bottom rectifying tower plate; compared with the prior art, the light stabilizer rectifying tower has the advantages that after vapor phase and liquid phase are separated, multiple times of contact and repeated condensation are carried out in the barrel body in the rectifying tower plate contact and separation condensation process, waste is reduced, and the purity of a rectified light stabilizer is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hindered amine light stabilizer purification, and in particular relates to a fixed bed distillation device. Background Art

[0002] Distillation is an effective separation and purification technology that can remove impurities in light stabilizers and improve their purity. High-purity light stabilizers can more effectively exert their stabilization effect and improve the performance of the final product. Some low-boiling point by-products or impurities may be produced in the light stabilizer. These low-boiling point substances can be separated by distillation to obtain a purer light stabilizer.

[0003] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

[0004] Although the existing technology has solved certain problems, it still has shortcomings: In the prior art, when distilling the light stabilizer, the vapor phase and the liquid phase are separated by heating. The vapor phase contains liquid phase components, and the liquid phase contains vapor phase components that need to be distilled out. The miscible impurity content is high, and the purity of the light stabilizer is limited by a small number of distillations. In addition, the impurity components distilled out contain light stabilizer components, resulting in waste. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a fixed bed distillation device.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A fixed bed type distillation device, comprising: a gravity bed (1), a distillation barrel (6), a reboiler (7), and a condensate storage tank (4); A gravity bed, wherein a distillation barrel is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper end of the gravity bed, a reboiler is arranged on the front side of the outside of the distillation barrel, the reboiler and the distillation barrel are connected by a connecting pipe, an L-shaped distillation pipe is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outside of the distillation barrel, and a partial condenser is fixedly connected to the front end of the distillation pipe; A condensate storage tank, the condensate storage tank is arranged at the rear of the outside of the distillation barrel, a discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rear side of the outside of the condensate storage tank, and a discharge valve is fixedly connected to the rear end of the discharge pipe; The distillation barrel (6) comprises a plurality of distillation trays (2), a flow blocking mechanism (3), and a flow guide column (5); A distillation tower plate, wherein a plurality of the distillation tower plates are evenly distributed inside the distillation barrel, the distillation tower plates are distributed up and down along the inside of the distillation barrel, the outer wall of the distillation tower plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the distillation barrel, the upper center of the distillation tower plate is provided with a condensation reflux hole, the upper surface of the distillation tower plate is provided with a vent hole, and the outer upper center of the distillation tower plate is fixedly connected to the outer upper edge of the condensation reflux hole with an overflow weir; A flow blocking mechanism, the flow blocking mechanism is arranged inside the lowest distillation tower plate, the flow blocking mechanism includes an air shielding plate, a mounting plate, a reflux inlet hole and a reflux outlet hole, the air shielding plate is arranged at the lower end of the condensation reflux hole of the lowest distillation tower plate, the mounting plate is arranged at the upper end of the condensation reflux hole of the lowest distillation tower plate, the reflux inlet hole is opened on one side of the upper end of the mounting plate, and the reflux outlet hole is opened on the side of the lower end of the air shielding plate away from the reflux inlet hole; The guide column is fixedly connected to the upper side of the mounting plate, and the guide column is adapted to the inside of the condensation return hole, and the lower end of the guide column is adapted to the return inlet hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the reboiler is fixedly connected to the front side of the upper end of the gravity bed by bolts, and the condensate storage tank is fixedly connected to the rear side of the upper end of the gravity bed. The function of the condensate storage tank is to store and discharge the low-boiling-point condensed liquid of the fixed-bed distillation equipment to achieve the function of recovering products with different boiling points.

[0008] Distillation is to add heat at the bottom where the temperature is the highest, and remove heat from the top condenser where the temperature is the lowest. A reboiler is set in the equipment, and the heating medium with a lower temperature can be used to feed from the upper middle part to vaporize part of the descending liquid in the barrel, thereby increasing the heat transfer efficiency and reducing the amount of high-temperature heating medium in the bottom reboiler.

[0009] Furthermore, a condensate delivery pipe is provided on one side of the upper end of the gravity bed near the reflux outlet hole, and a condensate return reprocessing delivery pipe is provided on one side of the upper end of the gravity bed near the reflux inlet hole. The pipeline is used to transport and circulate the product in the condensate storage tank.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the condensate delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the front end of the condenser, the other end of the condensate delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of the condensate storage tank close to the reflux outlet, and a support rod is fixedly connected to the front side of the upper end of the gravity bed for use with the condensate delivery pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of one side of the condensate storage tank near the reflux inlet hole, and the other end of the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the reboiler, and a reflux control valve is provided on the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe. The condensate storage tank is a key device for the linkage of external circulation and internal circulation, which can realize the process of condensate flowing out from the top of the distillation barrel and condensing and then returning to the inside of the distillation barrel, and perform repeated condensation to discharge the evaporated low-boiling impurities, and finally obtain a high-content product.

[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the condensation reflux hole in the center of the distillation tower plate increases from top to bottom, and the thickness of the overflow weir increases from bottom to top. The distillation tower plate is a place where gas-liquid two-phase heat and mass transfer are carried out. Gas and liquid phases flow through each tower plate. In order to enhance the effect of heat and mass transfer, the reflux liquid at the top of the distillation barrel and the rising steam flow at the bottom of the distillation barrel need to reach a certain two-phase balance. The diameter of the condensation reflux hole affects the reflux speed of the reflux liquid in the distillation barrel. Increasing the diameter of the condensation reflux hole from top to bottom can slow down the reflux speed of the reflux liquid. The reflux hole at the top of the distillation barrel has the smallest diameter and the reflux speed is slow. The residence time is long, so that the upper gas and liquid phases are fully mixed. In addition, the thickness of the overflow weir gradually increases from bottom to top. The overflow weir at the top of the distillation barrel is the thickest, which can extend the residence time of the upper gas at the top, greatly improve the dispersion of the material, make the upper gas and liquid phases fully mixed, and improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the air shielding plate and the mounting plate are separated inside the condensation reflux hole at the lowest end to form an air blocking reflux cavity, and the bottom of the distillation barrel is hemispherical. The air blocking reflux cavity further reduces the heat and mass transfer resistance of the reflux during the sinking process, thereby improving the heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, the side wall of the guide column outside the condensation reflux hole is vertical, the vertical side walls on the outer surface of the guide column are connected by an inclined surface, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of each condensation reflux hole is the same. Reflux is one of the necessary conditions to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the distillation device, and the reflux ratio is an important factor affecting the distillation operation. In the case of large reflux and production, the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of each condensation reflux hole is the same, which can improve the ability to resist the impact of gas and liquid phases.

[0015] The rising steam and the reflux liquid are in countercurrent contact on the surface of the guide column, achieving a dynamic balance of the two phases inside the distillation barrel, prolonging the contact and recombination time of the gas phase and the liquid phase, and achieving sufficient heat and mass transfer.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the overflow weir and the inner diameter of the condensation reflux hole of the same distillation tower plate are the same.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper end surface of the mounting plate (302) is flush with the upper end surface of the overflow weir (13) of the lowermost distillation tower plate (2).

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Through distilling the light stabilizer inside the distillation barrel, after the vapor phase and the liquid phase are separated, the barrel body itself is repeatedly condensed during the contact and separation condensation process on the distillation tower plate, and the impurities finally condensed are repeatedly condensed in a controllable manner, and the light stabilizer is removed from the evaporated low-boiling point impurities, thereby reducing waste and increasing the purity of the distilled light stabilizer.

[0019] The main function of the distillation plate structure is to achieve the simultaneous transfer of heat and mass. Inside the distillation barrel, the liquid and vapor on the distillation plate come into contact, and are partially vaporized and partially condensed at the same time, thereby achieving heat and mass transfer. Condensation reflux holes or plate structures are provided inside the distillation barrel. By controlling the temperature, pressure and other conditions as well as the design of the structure, the components with large boiling point differences in the mixture can be separated at different locations. In addition, the setting of the flow-blocking mechanism inside the distillation barrel greatly increases the contact area and time between the liquid phase and the gas phase, promotes the mass transfer and heat transfer process, and thus improves the separation efficiency. Through the separation effect of the special structure inside the distillation barrel, impurities, different components, etc. in the mixture can be separated to obtain high-purity products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The present invention is a three-dimensional fixed bed distillation device Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The present invention is a three-dimensional fixed bed distillation device Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The present invention is a three-dimensional fixed bed distillation device Figure 3 ; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional enlargement of a part of the structure of a fixed bed distillation device of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional enlargement of a part of the structure of a fixed bed distillation device of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the structure of a fixed bed distillation device of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 7 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the structure of a fixed bed distillation device of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 8It is a three-dimensional enlargement of a part of the structure of a fixed bed distillation device of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Fig. 9 This is a distillation flow chart of a fixed bed distillation device of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the contact between the liquid phase X and the vapor phase Y in the distillation barrel of the present invention.

[0021] Description of Reference Numerals 1. Gravity bed; 2. Distillation tower plate; 3. Flow blocking mechanism; 301. Air shield; 302. Mounting plate; 303. Reflux inlet hole; 304. Reflux outlet hole; 4. Condensate storage box; 5. Guide column; 6. Distillation barrel; 7. Reboiler; 8. Connecting pipe; 9. Distillation pipe; 10. Condenser; 11. Condensate reflux hole; 12. Vent hole; 13. Overflow weir; 14. Discharge pipe; 15. Discharge valve; 16. Condensate delivery pipe; 17. Condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe; 18. Support rod; 19. Reflux control valve; 20. Air blocking reflux chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a fixed bed type distillation device comprises: a gravity bed 1, a distillation barrel 6, a reboiler 7, and a condensate storage tank 4; a distillation barrel 6 is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper end of the gravity bed 1, and the distillation barrel 6 is connected to the reboiler 7 through a connecting pipe 8, and an L-shaped distillation pipe 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the distillation barrel 6, and a partial condenser 10 is fixedly connected to the front end of the distillation pipe 9, and the partial condenser 10 is connected to the condensate storage tank 4 through a condensate delivery pipe 16; the distillation barrel 6 comprises a plurality of distillation trays 2, a flow blocking mechanism 3, and a guide column 5; A plurality of distillation plates 2 are evenly distributed inside the distillation barrel 6, the distillation plates 2 are distributed up and down inside the distillation barrel 6, the outer wall of the distillation plates 2 and the inner wall of the distillation barrel 6 are fixedly connected, a vent hole 12 is opened on the distillation plates 2, a condensation reflux hole 11 is opened in the center of the distillation plates 2, and an overflow weir 13 is fixedly connected to the upper edge of the condensation reflux hole 11; The blocking mechanism 3 is arranged in the condensation reflux hole 11 of the bottom distillation tray 2. The blocking mechanism 3 includes an air shielding plate 301, a mounting plate 302, a reflux inlet hole 303 and a reflux outlet hole 304. The air shielding plate 301 is arranged at the lower end of the condensation reflux hole 11 of the bottom distillation tray 2, the mounting plate 302 is arranged at the upper end of the condensation reflux hole 11 of the bottom distillation tray 2, the reflux inlet hole 303 is opened on one side of the mounting plate 302, and the reflux outlet hole 304 is opened on the side of the air shielding plate 301 away from the reflux inlet hole 303; The guide column 5 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate 302 , and the guide column 5 is sleeved in the condensation reflux hole 11 , the guide column 5 is matched with the condensation reflux hole 11 , and the lower end of the guide column 5 is matched with the reflux inlet hole 303 .

[0024] The reboiler 7 is fixedly connected to the front side of the upper end of the gravity bed 1 by bolts, the condensate storage tank 4 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the upper end of the gravity bed 1, the lower end of the outer rear side of the condensate storage tank 4 is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe 14, and the rear end of the discharge pipe 14 is fixedly connected to a discharge valve 15.

[0025] A condensate delivery pipe 16 is provided on one side of the upper end of the gravity bed 1 near the reflux outlet hole 304, and a condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17 is provided on one side of the upper end of the gravity bed 1 near the reflux inlet hole 303. One end of the condensate delivery pipe 16 is fixedly connected to the front end of the partial condenser 10, and the other end of the condensate delivery pipe 16 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the condensate storage tank 4 near the reflux outlet hole 304. A support rod 18 used in conjunction with the condensate delivery pipe 16 is fixedly connected to the front side of the upper end of the gravity bed 1.

[0026] One end of the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17 is fixedly connected to the lower end of one side of the condensate storage tank 4 close to the reflux inlet hole 303, and the other end of the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17 is fixedly connected to the reboiler 7. A reflux control valve 19 is provided on the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17.

[0027] The diameter of the condensation reflux hole 11 in the center of the distillation tower plate 2 increases from top to bottom, and the thickness of the overflow weir 13 increases from bottom to top.

[0028] The air shielding plate 301 and the mounting plate 302 are separated inside the condensation reflux hole 11 at the lower end to form an air blocking reflux chamber 20, and the bottom of the distillation barrel 6 is hemispherical.

[0029] The outer wall of the portion of the guide column 5 inside the condensation reflux hole 11 is a vertical wall. The vertical walls of the guide column 5 are connected by inclined surfaces, and the horizontal distances between the vertical walls of the guide column 5 and the corresponding inner walls of the condensation reflux hole 11 are the same.

[0030] The inner diameter of the overflow weir 13 of the same distillation tray 2 is the same as the inner diameter of the condensation reflux hole 11.

[0031] The upper end surface of the mounting plate 302 is flush with the upper end surface of the overflow weir 13 of the lowermost distillation tray 2 . Example 1

[0032] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, this embodiment proposes a fixed bed distillation device, including a gravity bed 1, a distillation tower plate 2, a flow blocking mechanism 3, a condensate storage tank 4, a guide column 5, a distillation barrel 6, a reboiler 7, and a vent hole 12 opened on the upper side of the distillation tower plate 2 and a condensation reflux hole 11 in the center.

[0033] A distillation barrel 6 is fixedly connected to the center of the upper side of the gravity bed 1, a reboiler 7 is fixedly connected to the front end of the upper side of the gravity bed 1, and a condensate storage tank 4 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the upper side of the gravity bed 1. The distillation barrel 6 and the reboiler 7 are connected by a connecting pipe 8. The reboiler 7 is heated to 120°C, and the light stabilizer to be purified is heated and transported into the distillation barrel 6. The heated light stabilizer will form a liquid phase -X and a vapor phase -Y in the distillation barrel 6 due to the increase in temperature. The vapor phase Y The light component is the liquid phase X, and the heavy component is the liquid phase. A plurality of evenly distributed distillation plates 2 are arranged from top to bottom inside the distillation barrel 6. The distillation plates 2 are circular. A condensation reflux hole 11 is provided at the center of each distillation plate 2, and a plurality of evenly distributed vents 12 are provided on the upper surface of each distillation plate 2. When the light stabilizer inside the distillation barrel 6 is heated, the vapor phase Y is lighter and the pressure at the bottom is higher. The vapor phase passes through the vents 12 and moves upward to the distillation plate 2 to collect the condensed vapor phase Y.

[0034] An L-shaped evaporation pipe 9 bent forward is fixedly connected to the upper end of the distillation barrel 6, and a partial condenser 10 is fixedly connected to the front end of the evaporation pipe 9. The partial condenser 10 condenses and liquefies the high-temperature vapor phase transported from the distillation barrel 6 inside the evaporation pipe 9, and transports it into the condensate storage tank 4 through the condensate delivery pipe 16 connected to the front end of the partial condenser 10. A support rod 18 for supporting the raised part of the condensate delivery pipe 16 is also provided on the front side of the upper end of the gravity bed 1. The condensate delivery pipe 16 is connected to the condensate storage tank 4. A condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the other side, and the other end of the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17 is connected to the reboiler 7. A reflux control valve 19 is arranged on the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17. The reflux control valve 19 controls whether the light components condensed in the condensate storage tank 4 can flow back to the reboiler 7 again. After being reheated by the reboiler 7, the vapor phase light components separated by condensation are heated and distilled again to reduce the mixed photostabilizer effective components in the vapor phase.

[0035] The inner diameter of the condensation reflux hole 11 inside the distillation tower plate 2 gradually increases from top to bottom, and an overflow weir 13 used in conjunction with the central condensation reflux hole 11 is fixedly connected at the center of the upper end of the distillation tower plate 2. The thickness of the overflow weir 13 gradually increases from bottom to top. Since the temperature is lower and the degree of condensation is higher as the light stabilizer is distilled, more condensate is needed to be contained. After overflowing, it will flow back downward from the central condensation reflux hole 11, and there is an airflow transported from bottom to top inside the vent hole 12, and the condensed liquid will not leak from the inside of the vent hole 12. The liquid phase formed by condensation on each layer of the distillation tower plate 2 overflows and flows downward from the inside of the condensation reflux hole 11. Since the condensation reflux hole 11 gradually expands from top to bottom, the liquid phase of the upper layer will not flow into the distillation tower plate 2 of the lower layer when flowing.

[0036] A mounting plate 302 and an air shielding plate 301 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the condensation reflux hole 11 in the center of the lowest distillation tower plate 2. A reflux inlet hole 303 is opened on the upper end of the mounting plate 302 close to the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17, and a reflux outlet hole 304 is opened on the lower end of the air shielding plate 301 close to the condensate delivery pipe 16. The mounting plate 302 and the air shielding plate 301 are used to separate a central interlayer from the lower condensation reflux hole 11, and the interlayer is used as a gas blocking reflux chamber 20. Hole 303, reflux outlet hole 304 and gas blocking reflux chamber 20 allow the falling liquid phase condensed from the vapor phase to flow downward in a Z shape, and the rise of the two vapor phases is blocked, reducing the amount of direct rise of the vapor phase, allowing the high-temperature vapor phase to contact the condensate on the distillation tower plate 2 as much as possible to condense and cool, and then reflux for reheating and distillation, and repeat distillation inside the distillation barrel 6 to reduce the content of liquid in the vapor phase and the vapor content in the liquid phase, and then condense the gas with less liquid content in the vapor phase to obtain condensate, and continuously purify the light stabilizer.

[0037] The liquid phase in the top distillation tray 2 is X1, the next layer is X2, and so on until the bottom layer Xn. The rising vapor phase is also from Y1 to the bottom layer Yn. The corresponding high-temperature vapor phase Xn contacts the low-temperature liquid phase Yn. The vapor phase is partially liquefied and the liquid phase is partially vaporized. The vapor phase concentration increases and the liquid phase concentration decreases. The size relationship between the vapor phase and the liquid phase is always Yn+1<Yn, Xn>Xn-1. Fig.10As shown, a new vapor phase with a higher concentration and a new liquid phase with a lower concentration are formed, and then the vapor phase is condensed and liquefied. Finally, the condensed vapor phase enters the interior of the condensate storage tank 4, and the number of reflux distillation is determined by controlling the reflux control valve 19 on the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe 17. Finally, when it is necessary to discharge the material, the reflux control valve 19 is closed, and the discharge valve 15 is opened to discharge the low-boiling impurities distilled out, so that the high-purity hindered amine light stabilizer in the distillation barrel 6 can be discharged.

[0038] The electrical components appearing in this article are all electrically connected to external batteries, and the main controller can be a conventional known device that plays a control role such as a computer. The specific implementation method of the present disclosure omits the detailed description of known functions and known components. To ensure the compatibility of the equipment, the operating methods adopted are consistent with the parameters of commercial equipment. The reboiler and condenser are both existing products on the market, and their connection methods and control methods are all existing technologies, which will not be elaborated here.

[0039] It should be noted that the above content only illustrates the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixed bed distillation device, characterized in that: include: A gravity bed (1), a distillation barrel (6), a reboiler (7), and a condensate storage tank (4); the distillation barrel (6) is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper end of the gravity bed (1); the distillation barrel (6) is connected to the reboiler (7) via a connecting pipe (8); an L-shaped distillation pipe (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the distillation barrel (6); the distillation pipe (9) is fixedly connected to a partial condenser (10); the partial condenser (10) is connected to the condensate storage tank (4) via a condensate delivery pipe (16); the distillation barrel (6) comprises a plurality of distillation trays (2), a flow blocking mechanism (3), and a guide column (5); Distillation plates (2), wherein a plurality of distillation plates (2) are evenly distributed inside the distillation barrel (6), the distillation plates (2) are distributed up and down inside the distillation barrel (6), the outer wall of the distillation plates (2) and the inner wall of the distillation barrel (6) are fixedly connected, the distillation plates (2) are each provided with a vent hole (12), the center of the distillation plates (2) is each provided with a condensation reflux hole (11), and the upper edge of the condensation reflux hole (11) is each fixedly connected with an overflow weir (13); a flow blocking mechanism (3), the flow blocking mechanism (3) being arranged in the condensation reflux hole (11) of the bottommost distillation tray (2), the flow blocking mechanism (3) comprising an air shielding plate (301), a mounting plate (302), a reflux inlet hole (303) and a reflux outlet hole (304), the air shielding plate (301) being arranged at the lower end of the condensation reflux hole (11) of the bottommost distillation tray (2), the mounting plate (302) being arranged at the upper end of the condensation reflux hole (11) of the bottommost distillation tray (2), the reflux inlet hole (303) being opened on one side of the mounting plate (302), and the reflux outlet hole (304) being opened on the side of the air shielding plate (301) away from the reflux inlet hole (303); A guide column (5), wherein the guide column (5) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate (302), and the guide column (5) is sleeved in the condensation return hole (11), the guide column (5) and the condensation return hole (11) are matched, and the lower end of the guide column (5) is matched with the return inlet hole (303).

2. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reboiler (7) is fixedly connected to the front side of the upper end of the gravity bed (1) by means of bolts, the condensate storage tank (4) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the upper end of the gravity bed (1), a discharge pipe (14) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer rear side of the condensate storage tank (4), and a discharge valve (15) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the discharge pipe (14).

3. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A condensate delivery pipe (16) is provided on one side of the upper end of the gravity bed (1) close to the reflux outlet hole (304), and a condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe (17) is provided on one side of the upper end of the gravity bed (1) close to the reflux inlet hole (303).

4. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the condensate delivery pipe (16) is fixedly connected to the front end of the condenser (10), and the other end of the condensate delivery pipe (16) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the condensate storage tank (4) near the reflux outlet hole (304). The front side of the upper end of the gravity bed (1) is fixedly connected to a support rod (18) used in conjunction with the condensate delivery pipe (16).

5. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe (17) is fixedly connected to the lower end of one side of the condensate storage tank (4) close to the reflux inlet hole (303), and the other end of the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe (17) is fixedly connected to the reboiler (7). A reflux control valve (19) is provided on the condensate reflux reprocessing delivery pipe (17).

6. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the condensation reflux hole (11) in the center of the distillation tower plate (2) increases gradually from top to bottom, and the thickness of the overflow weir (13) increases gradually from bottom to top.

7. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air shielding plate (301) and the mounting plate (302) are separated inside the condensation reflux hole (11) at the lower end to form an air blocking reflux cavity (20), and the bottom of the distillation barrel (6) is hemispherical.

8. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the portion of the guide column (5) located inside the condensation reflux hole (11) is a vertical wall, the vertical walls of the guide column (5) are connected via an inclined plane, and the horizontal distances of the vertical walls of the guide column (5) from the corresponding inner walls of the condensation reflux hole (11) are the same.

9. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the overflow weir (13) and the inner diameter of the condensation reflux hole (11) of the same distillation tower plate (2) are the same.

10. A fixed bed distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end surface of the mounting plate (302) is flush with the upper end surface of the overflow weir (13) of the lowermost distillation tower plate (2).

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