Non-stop production under-pressure tapping construction method for oil pipeline

Abstract

The invention provides a non-stop production under-pressure tapping construction method for an oil pipeline, and belongs to the technical field of oil pipeline construction. The method comprises the steps that a tapping operation point is selected, and the wall thickness is measured; preparing an under-pressure welding short pipe and a valve; welding a short pipe on the oil pipeline under pressure, and determining optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed by adopting a welding parameter game model; installing a valve and carrying out a strength test; assembling the tapping machine and connecting the tapping machine with the valve; carrying out overall air tightness inspection; pressure tapping operation is executed, and the tapping speed and the feeding amount are adjusted in real time through the tapping operation parameter optimization model; returning the cutter and closing the valve after tapping; and dismantling the tapping machine to finish the operation. According to the scheme, the problems existing in the prior art are effectively solved, the reliability and safety of under-pressure trepanning construction are greatly improved, meanwhile, the operation efficiency is remarkably improved, and the problems that in an existing under-pressure trepanning technology, the welding quality is still difficult to control, and the trepanning process is uncontrollable are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil pipeline construction, and in particular relates to a method for opening a hole under pressure without stopping production in an oil pipeline. Background Art

[0002] As an important infrastructure for oil and gas transportation, oil pipelines play a key role in ensuring oil supply safety, reducing pipeline accidents, and improving operational efficiency. However, oil pipelines will inevitably encounter some sudden problems during long-term operation, such as corrosion, wear, leakage, etc., which require timely maintenance and transformation. Traditional oil pipeline maintenance methods usually require shutdown, venting the pipeline, and then drilling, welding, and installation operations, which will not only cause large economic losses, but may also cause environmental pollution problems. In recent years, pressure construction technology has been widely used in oil pipeline maintenance, and can complete pipeline transformation without stopping production, greatly reducing maintenance costs and environmental impacts. At present, pressure drilling construction technology has become the mainstream method for oil pipeline maintenance. The traditional pressure drilling technology mainly includes the following steps: first, weld a short pipe on the pipeline and install a valve, and then drill a hole in the short pipe through a drilling machine. Although this method can complete pipeline transformation without stopping production, there are still some problems:

[0003] 1. Difficulty in welding quality control. The welding process of short pipes is easily affected by factors such as pipeline temperature and welding position. It is difficult to ensure the stability and reliability of the weld, and welding defects are prone to occur, thus affecting the safety of subsequent openings.

[0004] 2. The hole-opening process is uncontrollable. The selection of pipe materials, wall thickness and hole-opening parameters will have a significant impact on the hole-opening quality. It is difficult to achieve optimal control, which can easily cause problems such as hole size deviation and chip jamming.

[0005] 3. It is difficult to verify the overall performance of the system. Since it is impossible to conduct comprehensive pressure testing and inspection, it is difficult to ensure the air tightness and strength performance of the entire system, which brings safety risks to subsequent operations.

[0006] In summary, the existing pressure-drilling technology still has problems such as difficult to control welding quality and uncontrollable drilling process. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for pressure drilling construction of an oil pipeline without stopping production, which can solve the problems of difficult to control welding quality and uncontrollable drilling process in the existing pressure drilling technology.

[0008] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0009] The present invention provides a method for drilling a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S10, selecting a hole opening operation point and measuring the wall thickness;

[0011] S20, prepare short pipes and valves for pressure welding;

[0012] S30, welding a short pipe under pressure on an oil pipeline, and using a welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed;

[0013] S40. Install valves and conduct strength tests;

[0014] S50, assemble the tapping machine and connect it to the valve;

[0015] S60. Conduct overall air tightness inspection;

[0016] S70, performing a pressure tapping operation, and using a tapping operation parameter optimization model to adjust the tapping speed and feed rate in real time;

[0017] S80, after completing the hole opening, the tool is returned and the valve is closed;

[0018] S90, dismantle the drilling machine to complete the operation.

[0019] On the basis of the above technical solution, the construction method of tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production of the present invention can also be improved as follows:

[0020] Wherein, the step S10 specifically includes:

[0021] Step 101, peeling off the insulation layer at the opening point of the oil pipeline;

[0022] Step 102, check the construction drawings to ensure that the opening point positions meet the design requirements;

[0023] Step 103, confirming that the selected opening point is not located on the weld;

[0024] Step 104, using a thickness gauge to measure the wall thickness of the opening point;

[0025] Step 105, recording wall thickness measurement data;

[0026] Step 106: confirm that the selected opening point meets welding requirements based on the measurement results.

[0027] Furthermore, the step S20 specifically includes:

[0028] Step 201, confirming that the specifications and dimensions of the pressure-welded short pipe and valve meet the design requirements;

[0029] Step 202, checking the surface quality of the pressure-welded short pipe and the valve;

[0030] Step 203, checking the quality certification documents of the pressure-welded short pipe and valve;

[0031] Step 204, check the status of the drilling machine to ensure that it meets the use conditions;

[0032] Step 205, check the valve pressure test record to confirm that the sealing and strength of the valve meet the design requirements;

[0033] Step 206, measuring the inner diameter of the valve to ensure that the hole cutter can pass smoothly;

[0034] Step 207, check the total length of the pipe fitting to ensure that the hole-opening stroke does not exceed the maximum stroke of the hole-opening machine.

[0035] Furthermore, the welding parameter game model in step S30 includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 301, defining three objective functions of welding quality, cost and risk;

[0037] Step 302, establishing a relationship model between welding current, voltage and speed and three objective functions;

[0038] Step 303, setting a feasible range of welding parameters, including minimum and maximum allowable values;

[0039] Step 304, using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the optimal welding parameter combination;

[0040] Step 305: Perform welding simulation verification to ensure the feasibility of the optimal parameter combination;

[0041] Step 306: fine-tune parameters according to actual welding results.

[0042] Furthermore, the step S40 specifically includes:

[0043] Step 401, perform PT or MT testing on the reinforcement plate weld to ensure that the test is qualified;

[0044] Step 402, installing a valve on the short pipe;

[0045] Step 403, prepare a pressure test medium, generally water is used, and gas can be used for pipelines with high requirements for cleanliness and dryness;

[0046] Step 404, performing a strength test on the valve and the short pipe, the test pressure being 1.5 times the design pressure of the oil pipeline;

[0047] Step 405, performing the pressure increasing, pressure maintaining and pressure reducing processes according to the standard procedure;

[0048] Step 406: Record the pressure test results to ensure that the pressure test is qualified.

[0049] Furthermore, the step S50 specifically includes:

[0050] Step 501, assemble the drilling machine and check the concentricity of the drilling cutter and the drilling rig box;

[0051] Step 502, measuring the initial position of the drilling cutter head and recording it on the drilling machine axis scale;

[0052] Step 503, connect the hole tapping machine to the valve, and ensure that the gasket and bolts are used correctly;

[0053] Step 504, check the connection stability between the tapping machine and the valve;

[0054] Step 505, adjusting the position of the tapping machine to ensure that it is perpendicular to the oil pipeline;

[0055] Step 506: Check various parameter settings of the drilling machine, including rotation speed and feed speed.

[0056] Furthermore, the step S60 specifically includes:

[0057] Step 601, perform air tightness check on the entire system, including the tapping machine, flange surface and short pipe;

[0058] Step 602: Use inert gas to replace the air in the connecting box and the short pipe;

[0059] Step 603, setting the inspection pressure to 1.1 times the working pressure of the oil pipeline;

[0060] Step 604, observe the pressure gauge and record the pressure change;

[0061] Step 605, check all connections for leaks;

[0062] Step 606: After confirming that the air tightness check is qualified, open the connecting box vent valve to prepare for completely draining the gas in the connecting box and the short pipe.

[0063] Furthermore, the hole opening operation parameter optimization model in step S70 includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 701, establishing a dynamic relationship model between cutting speed, feed rate and hole diameter;

[0065] Step 702: real-time monitoring of cutting force, cutting torque and cutting power;

[0066] Step 703, dynamically adjusting the cutting speed and feed rate according to the monitoring data;

[0067] Step 704, considering the material properties, establishing an evolution equation of the opening diameter;

[0068] Step 705: introducing a random disturbance term to simulate the uncertainty in the actual hole opening process;

[0069] Step 706: Use an adaptive control algorithm to achieve real-time optimization of cutting parameters.

[0070] Furthermore, the step S80 specifically includes:

[0071] Step 801: After confirming that the hole drilling is completed, the tool is returned to the connection box;

[0072] Step 802, completely close the valve to ensure sealing;

[0073] Step 803, open the vent valve to release the pressure in the connection box;

[0074] Step 804, monitor the pressure in the connection box to ensure that the pressure is completely released;

[0075] Step 805: Check the opening to ensure there is no leakage.

[0076] Furthermore, the step S90 specifically includes:

[0077] Step 1001, dismantle the connection between the hole tapping machine and the valve;

[0078] Step 1002, check the opening to confirm that there is no leakage;

[0079] Step 1003: clean up the work site and restore the pipeline insulation layer.

[0080] Furthermore, in the welding parameter game model, the welding quality objective function can be expressed as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Where Q is the welding quality index; O is the welding current (A); V is the welding voltage (V); S is the welding speed (mm / s); I0, V0, S0 are the optimal current, voltage and speed respectively; α1, α2, α3 are weight coefficients; β1, β2, β3 are sensitivity coefficients; ε Q is the random error term of quality.

[0083] The welding cost objective function can be expressed as follows:

[0084] C=k1·I·V+k2·S -1 +k3·(I·V·S -1 ) 0.5 +ε C ;

[0085] Where C is the welding cost (yuan / m); k1 is the energy consumption coefficient (yuan / (A·V·s)); k2 is the labor cost coefficient (yuan·mm / s); k3 is the material cost coefficient (yuan·mm0.5 / (A0.5·V0.5·s0.5)); ε C is the cost random error term.

[0086] The welding risk objective function can be expressed as follows:

[0087]

[0088] Where R is the welding risk index; I r ,V r ,S r are the recommended current, voltage and speed respectively; γ1, γ2, γ3 are risk weight coefficients; δ1, δ2, δ3 are risk sensitivity coefficients; ε R is the risk random error term.

[0089] Parameter acquisition method:

[0090] 1.I0, V0, S0 are determined through historical data analysis and expert experience, and the ranges are 100-300A, 20-40V, 1-5mm / s respectively.

[0091] 2.α1,α2,α3,β1,β2,β3 are obtained through multiple welding experiments and regression analysis.

[0092] 3.k1, k2, k3 are calculated based on equipment energy consumption, labor cost and material cost.

[0093] 4.I r ,V r ,S r Determine according to the pipe material and wall thickness and refer to the welding specifications.

[0094] 5.γ1,γ2,γ3,δ1,δ2,δ3 are obtained through risk assessment experiments and data fitting.

[0095] Furthermore, in the hole opening operation parameter optimization model, the cutting force model can be expressed as follows:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, F c is the cutting force (N); K c is the cutting coefficient; a p is the cutting depth (mm); f z is the feed per tooth (mm / tooth); v cis the cutting speed (m / min); d is the hole diameter (mm); T is the cutting time (min); x c ,y c ,z c ,m c ,λ c is the unknown coefficient; ε F is the random error term of cutting force.

[0098] The cutting torque model can be expressed as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where M t is the cutting torque (N·m); K t is the torque coefficient; x t ,y t ,z t ,m t ,λ t is the unknown coefficient; ε M is the torque random error term.

[0101] The cutting power model can be expressed as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Where P c is the cutting power (kW); n is the spindle speed (r / min); ε P is the power random error term.

[0104] The hole diameter evolution equation can be expressed as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Where, d max is the maximum opening diameter (mm); k d is the diameter growth coefficient; μ is the cutting force influence coefficient; σ is the random disturbance intensity; ξ(T) is the standard Wiener process.

[0107] The adaptive control algorithm can be expressed as follows:

[0108]

[0109] Where J = w F ·F c +w M ·M t +w P ·P c +w d ·(d target -d) 2is the comprehensive optimization objective function; w F ,w M ,w P ,w d is the weight coefficient; d target is the target opening diameter (mm); η v ,η f is the learning rate.

[0110] Parameter acquisition method:

[0111] 1.K c ,K t ,x c ,y c ,z c ,m c ,λ c ,x t ,y t ,z t ,m t ,λ t Obtained through cutting experiments and data fitting.

[0112] 2.k d ,μ,σ are determined by monitoring the hole opening process and statistical analysis.

[0113] 3.w F ,w M ,w P ,w d ,η v ,η f Determined through algorithm optimization and actual application debugging.

[0114] The relationship between the two models:

[0115] 1. Welding quality Q affects k in the hole diameter evolution equation d , the relationship can be expressed as: k d =k d0 ·(1+α Q Q);

[0116] 2. Welding risk R affects K in the cutting force model c , the relationship can be expressed as: K c =K c0 ·(1+β R ·R);

[0117] In the formula, k d0 ,K c0 is the benchmark coefficient; α Q ,β R These parameters are obtained through welding-hole joint experiment.

[0118] Furthermore, the risk assessment experiment and data fitting process specifically include the following steps:

[0119] Step 1: Experimental Design

[0120] Design an orthogonal experiment, consider the three factors of welding current I, voltage V and speed S, and set 5 levels for each factor. 3 =125 experiments.

[0121] Step 2: Risk Assessment

[0122] For each group of experiments, an expert group evaluates the welding quality risk and gives a risk score R exp (0-100 points).

[0123] Step 3: Data fitting

[0124] The nonlinear least squares method is used to fit the risk model parameters. The objective function is:

[0125]

[0126] in,

[0127] Step 4: Parameter solution

[0128] The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear least squares problem. The iterative formula is:

[0129]

[0130] In the formula, x=[γ1,γ2,γ3,δ1,δ2,δ3] T is the parameter vector; J is the Jacobian matrix; r is the residual vector; λ is the damping factor.

[0131] Step 5: Model Validation

[0132] The model was validated using an additional 20 sets of experimental data, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R) were calculated. 2 :

[0133]

[0134] in, is the average of the experimental risk scores.

[0135] Furthermore, the welding-opening joint experiment process specifically includes the following steps:

[0136] Step 1: Experimental Design

[0137] Design an orthogonal experiment, consider the welding quality Q and welding risk R two factors, each factor is set to 4 levels. 2 =16 groups of experiments.

[0138] Step 2: Welding Experiment

[0139] For each set of experiments, welding was performed according to the set welding parameters, and the welding quality indicators and risk indicators were measured.

[0140] Step 3: Hole opening experiment

[0141] A hole opening experiment was carried out on the welded specimen, and the hole diameter growth rate and cutting force data were recorded.

[0142] Step 4: Data Processing

[0143] Calculate the average opening diameter growth coefficient k for each group of experiments d and average cutting coefficient K c :

[0144]

[0145] Where N is the number of diameter measurements; M is the number of cutting force measurements.

[0146] Step 5: Parameter fitting

[0147] Fitting k using multiple linear regression d and K c Relationship with Q and R:

[0148] k d =k d0 +α Q ·Q·k d0 +ε k ;

[0149] K c =K c0 +β R ·R·K c0 +ε K ;

[0150] Among them, ε k and ε K is a random error term.

[0151] Step 6: Parameter estimation

[0152] Estimate the parameter k using the least squares method d0 , α Q , K c0 and β R :

[0153]

[0154] In the formula, is the parameter estimate; X is the independent variable matrix; y is the dependent variable vector.

[0155] Step 7: Model Validation

[0156] The model was validated using an additional 8 sets of experimental data and k was calculated. d and K c The relative error between the predicted value and the actual value is:

[0157]

[0158] Among them, y pred is the predicted value, y act is the actual value.

[0159] Through the above steps, the risk model parameters γ1, γ2, γ3, δ1, δ2, δ3 and the welding-opening joint model parameter k can be obtained. d0 ,K c0 ,α Q ,β R , thereby establishing the association between the welding parameter game model and the hole opening operation parameter optimization model.

[0160] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the oil pipeline pressure tapping construction method provided by the present invention without stopping production are:

[0161] .Welding quality is more reliable. The welding parameter game model is adopted to determine the optimal welding current, voltage, welding speed and other parameters through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, which greatly improves the stability and reliability of short pipe welding and effectively avoids the occurrence of welding defects.

[0162] 2. The hole-opening process is more controllable. The hole-opening operation parameter optimization model is used to monitor parameters such as cutting force, cutting torque and cutting power in real time, and the adaptive control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the cutting speed and feed rate to ensure the hole-opening accuracy and quality, avoiding problems such as chip jamming.

[0163] 3. The system performance is more reliable. After welding the short pipe and installing the valve, a comprehensive strength test and air tightness inspection are carried out to ensure that the sealing and bearing capacity of the entire system meet the design requirements, greatly reducing the safety hazards in the subsequent operation process.

[0164] 4. Higher operating efficiency. By comprehensively evaluating the opening points in advance and preparing the required materials and equipment in advance, the on-site operation time is shortened and the operating efficiency is greatly improved. At the same time, the pipeline transformation is completed without stopping production, reducing the economic losses caused by production stoppage.

[0165] In general, the method for pressurized hole drilling without stopping production in the oil pipeline proposed in the present invention has made innovative improvements in key links such as welding quality control, hole drilling process optimization, and system performance verification, effectively solving the problems existing in the prior art, greatly improving the reliability and safety of pressurized hole drilling construction, while also significantly improving the operating efficiency, solving the problems of difficult to control welding quality and uncontrollable hole drilling process in the existing pressurized hole drilling technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0166] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method provided by the present invention;

[0167] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the construction principle of the oil pipeline under pressure without stopping production in Example 2;

[0168] Figure 3 This is a longitudinal schematic diagram of the reinforcement plate welding, where two welders are welding simultaneously on the left and four welders are welding simultaneously on the right;

[0169] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential direction of the reinforcement plate welding;

[0170] Figure 5 It is the cutting parameter variation curve in the hole opening process;

[0171] Figure 6 This is the evolution curve of the opening diameter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0172] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0173] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a flow chart of a method for opening a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production provided by the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:

[0174] S10, selecting a hole opening operation point and measuring the wall thickness;

[0175] S20, prepare short pipes and valves for pressure welding;

[0176] S30, welding a short pipe under pressure on an oil pipeline, and using a welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed;

[0177] S40. Install valves and conduct strength tests;

[0178] S50, assemble the tapping machine and connect it to the valve;

[0179] S60. Conduct overall air tightness inspection;

[0180] S70, performing a pressure tapping operation, and using a tapping operation parameter optimization model to adjust the tapping speed and feed rate in real time;

[0181] S80, after completing the hole opening, the tool is returned and the valve is closed;

[0182] S90, dismantle the drilling machine to complete the operation.

[0183] The specific implementation methods of the above steps are described in detail below:

[0184] Step S10: Select the hole opening point and measure the wall thickness

[0185] This step is to determine the appropriate opening position and measure the wall thickness of the opening point to prepare for subsequent welding and opening. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0186] First, the insulation layer at the opening point of the oil pipeline needs to be stripped. To this end, a special insulation stripping device can be used to carefully strip the insulation layer to avoid damage to the pipeline itself.

[0187] Secondly, check the construction drawings to ensure that the selected opening point location meets the design requirements. By comparing with the drawings, confirm that the opening point is not located on the weld, which is an important prerequisite for ensuring the safety of the opening construction.

[0188] Then, use a thickness gauge to measure the pipe wall thickness at the opening point. When measuring, it is necessary to select a clean area on the pipe surface and use the average value of multiple measurement points as the final result. The reference range of the pipe wall thickness measurement value is usually 6-12 mm. The measurement results need to be recorded in detail to provide a basis for subsequent welding and opening operations.

[0189] Finally, according to the measured pipe wall thickness results, confirm that the selected opening point meets the welding requirements. Generally speaking, the pipe wall thickness should not be less than 6 mm and should not be higher than 12 mm to ensure the welding quality and the safety of the opening process.

[0190] Step S20: Prepare short pipes and valves for pressure welding

[0191] The purpose of this step is to prepare the required pressure-welded short pipes and valves, so as to make full preparations for the subsequent installation and connection. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0192] First, it is necessary to confirm whether the specifications and sizes of the pressurized welded short pipes and valves meet the design requirements. By comparing the drawings and actual measurements, ensure that the selected pipe fittings and valve sizes are suitable for the current pipeline.

[0193] Secondly, check the surface quality of the pressurized welded short pipes and valves to ensure that there are no obvious defects, cracks or other damage. The surface of qualified welded short pipes and valves should be smooth and flat without obvious defects.

[0194] Then, check the quality certification documents of the pressure-welded short pipes and valves to ensure that their materials, processing technology and other indicators meet the design standards.

[0195] At the same time, check the working status of the hole punching machine to ensure that its parameters and performance indicators meet the use conditions. The speed, feed rate and other parameters of the hole punching machine need to be debugged and verified to ensure that it can successfully complete the hole punching operation.

[0196] In addition, the valve pressure test record needs to be checked to confirm that its sealing and strength performance meet the design requirements. The inner diameter of the valve also needs to be measured to ensure that the hole cutter can pass smoothly.

[0197] Finally, measure the total length of the pipe to ensure that the drilling stroke does not exceed the maximum stroke of the drilling machine.

[0198] Step S30: welding a short pipe under pressure on the oil pipeline, and using a welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed

[0199] The purpose of this step is to weld a short pipe under pressure on an oil pipeline and use a welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed parameters. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0200] First, three objective functions need to be defined, namely welding quality, welding cost and welding risk. The welding quality objective function can be expressed by the following formula:

[0201]

[0202] Where, Q is the welding quality index; I is the welding current (A); V is the welding voltage (V); S is the welding speed (mm / s); I0, V0, S0 are the optimal current, voltage and speed respectively; α1, α2, α3 are weight coefficients; β1, β2, β3 are sensitivity coefficients; ε Q is the random error term of quality.

[0203] The welding cost objective function can be expressed as follows:

[0204] C=k1·I·V+k2·S -1 +k3·(I·V·S -1 ) 0.5 +ε C ;

[0205] Where, C is the welding cost (yuan / m); k1 is the energy consumption coefficient (yuan / (A·V·s)); k2 is the labor cost coefficient (yuan·mm / s); k3 is the material cost coefficient (yuan·mm0.5 / (A0.5·V0.5·s0.5)); ε C is the cost random error term.

[0206] The welding risk objective function can be expressed as follows:

[0207]

[0208] Where R is the welding risk index; I r ,V r ,S r are the recommended current, voltage and speed respectively; γ1, γ2, γ3 are risk weight coefficients; δ1, δ2, δ3 are risk sensitivity coefficients; ε R is the risk random error term.

[0209] Then, the relationship model between welding current, voltage and speed and the three objective functions is established. The feasible range of welding parameters is set, including the minimum and maximum allowable values. A multi-objective optimization algorithm, such as the NSGA-II algorithm, is used to solve the optimal welding parameter combination under the three objective functions of welding quality, cost and risk.

[0210] Next, the welding simulation verification is carried out to ensure that the optimal parameter combination is feasible. According to the actual welding effect, appropriate parameter fine-tuning is carried out to ensure that the welding quality, cost and risk indicators can meet the requirements.

[0211] Finally, according to the determined optimal welding parameters, the short pipe under pressure welding operation is carried out on the oil pipeline.

[0212] Step S40: Install the valve and perform strength test

[0213] The purpose of this step is to install the valve on the short pipe and perform a strength test on the entire system to ensure that it meets the design requirements. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0214] First, perform PT or MT nondestructive testing on the reinforcement plate weld of the short pipe to ensure the welding quality is qualified.

[0215] Then, install the valve on the short pipe. During this process, you need to ensure that the connection between the valve and the short pipe is firm and use appropriate gaskets and bolts.

[0216] Next, prepare the pressure test medium. Generally, water can be used as the pressure test medium. For pipelines with high requirements for cleanliness and dryness, gas (such as nitrogen) can also be used as the pressure test medium.

[0217] Subsequently, the valve and short pipe are subjected to strength tests. The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure of the oil pipeline. During the pressure test, it is necessary to increase, maintain and reduce the pressure according to the standard procedures, and record the pressure test results in detail. Only after the pressure test is qualified can the subsequent hole opening operation be carried out.

[0218] Step S50: Assemble the hole tapping machine and connect it to the valve

[0219] The purpose of this step is to assemble the tapping machine and reliably connect it to the previously installed valve to prepare for subsequent tapping operations. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0220] First, assemble the hole punch and check the concentricity of the hole punch and the drill box to ensure smooth operation. Measure the initial position of the hole punch head and record it on the hole punch axis scale.

[0221] Then, connect the tapping machine to the valve. During the connection process, you need to ensure that the gaskets and bolts are used correctly, and check whether the connection between the tapping machine and the valve is firm.

[0222] Next, adjust the position of the tapping machine to ensure that it is perpendicular to the oil pipeline. At the same time, check the various parameter settings of the tapping machine, including speed and feed speed, to ensure that they meet the operating requirements.

[0223] Finally, check the connection status between the tapping machine and the valve again to ensure there is no looseness or deviation, and prepare for the subsequent overall air tightness inspection.

[0224] Step S60: Perform overall airtightness inspection

[0225] The purpose of this step is to check the air tightness of the entire system, including the hole tapping machine, flange surface and short pipe, to ensure that the sealing performance of the system meets the requirements. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0226] First, use inert gas (such as nitrogen) to replace the air in the connecting box and short pipe to ensure that the internal gas purity meets the requirements.

[0227] Then, set the inspection pressure, which is usually 1.1 times the working pressure of the oil pipeline. Check the air tightness of the entire system, observe the pressure gauge, record the pressure changes, and check all connections for leaks.

[0228] If the air tightness inspection is qualified, open the vent valve of the connecting box to release the gas in the connecting box and the short pipe to prepare for the subsequent hole opening operation. If the inspection is unqualified, it is necessary to return and recheck each connection until it meets the qualified standard.

[0229] Step S70: Perform the pressure tapping operation and use the tapping operation parameter optimization model to adjust the tapping speed and feed rate in real time

[0230] The purpose of this step is to perform the drilling operation under the premise of maintaining normal oil transportation in the pipeline, and use the drilling operation parameter optimization model to adjust the drilling speed and feed rate in real time to ensure the safety and controllability of the drilling process. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0231] First, a dynamic relationship model between cutting speed, feed rate and hole diameter is established. The model can be expressed by the following formula:

[0232]

[0233] Among them, F c is the cutting force (N), M t is the cutting torque (N·m), P c is the cutting power (kW), K c ,K t is the cutting coefficient, a p is the cutting depth (mm), f z is the feed per tooth (mm / tooth), v c is the cutting speed (m / min), d is the hole diameter (mm), T is the cutting time (min), x c ,y c ,z c ,m c ,λ c ,x t ,y t ,z t ,m t ,λ t is the unknown coefficient, ε F ,ε M ,ε P is a random error term.

[0234] Then, the cutting force, cutting torque and cutting power are monitored in real time, and the cutting speed and feed rate are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring data to optimize the hole opening process. The optimization process can be expressed by the following formula:

[0235]

[0236] Among them, d max is the maximum opening diameter (mm), k d is the diameter growth coefficient, μ is the cutting force influence coefficient, σ is the random disturbance intensity, ξ(T) is the standard Wiener process, J is the comprehensive optimization objective function, η v ,η f is the learning rate.

[0237] Through the above-mentioned hole opening operation parameter optimization model, the cutting speed and feed rate can be adjusted in real time to improve the hole opening efficiency while ensuring the hole opening quality and safety.

[0238] Step S80: After the hole is opened, the tool is returned and the valve is closed.

[0239] The purpose of this step is to return the drilling tool to the connection box after the drilling operation is completed, and close the valve to ensure the sealing of the system. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0240] First, after confirming that the hole drilling is completed, return the drilling tool completely into the connecting box.

[0241] Then, close the valve completely to ensure it is tightly sealed.

[0242] Next, open the vent valve to release the pressure in the tank. At the same time, monitor the pressure in the tank to ensure that the pressure is completely released.

[0243] Finally, check the openings to ensure that there are no leaks.

[0244] Step S90: Remove the drilling machine to complete the operation

[0245] The purpose of this step is to dismantle the tapping machine, clean up the work site, and restore the insulation layer of the pipeline, marking the completion of the entire pressurized tapping operation. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0246] First, remove the connection between the tapping machine and the valve.

[0247] Then, check the opening again to confirm that there are no leaks.

[0248] Finally, clean up the work site and restore the pipe's insulation to return it to normal operating condition.

[0249] In order to better understand and implement the present invention, a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention is provided below. The specific steps of this embodiment 1 are described in detail as follows:

[0250] Step S10: Select the hole opening point and measure the wall thickness

[0251] The purpose of this step is to determine the appropriate opening position and measure the wall thickness of the opening point to prepare for subsequent welding and opening. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0252] First, the insulation layer at the opening point of the oil pipeline needs to be stripped. To this end, an insulation stripping device can be used to model the insulation stripping process using the following loss function:

[0253] L=α·e β·t +ε L ;

[0254] Among them, L is the loss degree of the insulation layer, the value range is [0,1], α and β are loss coefficients, t is the peeling time, ε L is a random error term. By optimizing the stripping time t, the loss of the insulation layer can be minimized to ensure that the pipeline surface is not damaged.

[0255] Secondly, check the construction drawings to ensure that the selected opening point location meets the design requirements. The following deviation function can be defined:

[0256]

[0257] Among them, Δ is the distance deviation between the hole opening point and the designed position, x and y are the actual hole opening point coordinates, and x0 and y0 are the designed hole opening point coordinates. By minimizing Δ, it is ensured that the hole opening point position meets the design requirements.

[0258] Then, use a thickness gauge to measure the pipe wall thickness at the opening point. The following multi-point measurement model can be used:

[0259]

[0260] Among them, t i is the wall thickness measurement value of the i-th measuring point, is the actual wall thickness of the pipe, ε i is the random error of the i-th measuring point. By statistically analyzing the measurement results of n measuring points, the best estimated value and variance of the pipe wall thickness can be obtained, providing a basis for subsequent welding and hole opening operations.

[0261] Finally, based on the measured pipe wall thickness results, confirm that the selected opening point meets the welding requirements. The following qualification indicators can be defined:

[0262]

[0263] Among them, t min and t max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the pipe wall thickness respectively. When C=1, it means that the hole opening point meets the welding requirements and subsequent operations can be carried out; otherwise, the hole opening position needs to be reselected.

[0264] Step S20: Prepare short pipes and valves for pressure welding

[0265] The purpose of this step is to prepare the required pressure-welded short pipes and valves, so as to make full preparations for the subsequent installation and connection. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0266] First, it is necessary to confirm whether the specifications and dimensions of the pressurized welded short pipe and valve meet the design requirements. The following matching index can be defined:

[0267]

[0268] Where D and L are the actual diameter and length of the short pipe and valve, respectively, and D0 and L0 are the diameter and length required by the design, respectively. By minimizing M, it is ensured that the selected pipe fittings and valve sizes are suitable for the current pipeline.

[0269] Secondly, check the surface quality of the pressurized welded short pipe and valve. The following defect detection model can be used:

[0270]

[0271] Among them, σ s is the surface stress, σ b is the surface bending stress, ρ is the surface roughness, and ρ max are the maximum allowable values ​​respectively. When Q=1, it means the surface quality is qualified.

[0272] Then, check the quality certification documents of the pressurized welded short pipes and valves to ensure that their material, processing technology and other indicators meet the design standards. The following qualification indicators can be defined:

[0273]

[0274] Among them, σ y is the yield strength, σ b is the tensile strength, δ is the elongation, and δ max When I=1, it means the quality certification document meets the requirements.

[0275] At the same time, it is necessary to check the working status of the drilling machine. The following performance evaluation model can be used:

[0276]

[0277] Where n is the spindle speed, f z is the feed rate, ΔT is the temperature rise, n0, f0 and T0 are design parameters, α1, α2 and α3 are weight coefficients. By maximizing P, it is ensured that the performance indicators of the hole-opening machine meet the operation requirements.

[0278] In addition, it is necessary to check the valve pressure test record to confirm its sealing and strength performance. The following qualification indicators can be defined:

[0279]

[0280] Among them, P tis the test pressure, P0 is the pipeline design pressure, and ΔP is the pressure loss. When S=1, it means that the valve meets the sealing and strength requirements.

[0281] Finally, measure the total length of the pipe to ensure that the hole punching stroke does not exceed the maximum stroke of the punching machine. The following constraints can be established:

[0282] L t ≤L m ;

[0283] Among them, L t is the total length of the pipe, L m is the maximum stroke of the drilling machine. By satisfying this constraint, the safety of the drilling operation can be ensured.

[0284] Step S30: welding a short pipe under pressure on the oil pipeline, and using a welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed

[0285] The purpose of this step is to weld a short pipe under pressure on an oil pipeline and use a welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed parameters. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0286] First, three objective functions need to be defined, namely welding quality Q, welding cost C and welding risk R.

[0287] The welding quality objective function can be expressed by the following formula:

[0288]

[0289] Where I is the welding current (A), V is the welding voltage (V), S is the welding speed (mm / s), I0, V0, S0 are the optimal current, voltage and speed respectively, α1, α2, α3 are weight coefficients, β1, β2, β3 are sensitivity coefficients, ε Q is the random error term of quality.

[0290] The welding cost objective function can be expressed as follows:

[0291] C=k1·I·V+k2·S -1 +k3·(I·V·S -1 ) 0.5 +ε C ;

[0292] Among them, k1 is the energy consumption coefficient (yuan / (A·V·s)), k2 is the labor cost coefficient (yuan·mm / s), k3 is the material cost coefficient (yuan·mm0.5 / (A0.5·V0.5·s0.5)), ε C is the cost random error term.

[0293] The welding risk objective function can be expressed as follows:

[0294]

[0295] Among them, I r ,V r ,S r are the recommended current, voltage and speed respectively, γ1, γ2, γ3 are risk weight coefficients, δ1, δ2, δ3 are risk sensitivity coefficients, ε R is the risk random error term.

[0296] Then, the relationship model between welding current, voltage and speed and these three objective functions is established. The following multi-objective optimization algorithm can be used:

[0297]

[0298] Among them, I min ,I max ,V min ,V max ,S min ,S max are the minimum and maximum allowable values ​​of welding current, voltage and speed respectively.By solving this multi-objective optimization problem, the optimal welding parameter combination under the three objective functions of welding quality, cost and risk can be obtained.

[0299] Next, the welding simulation verification is carried out to ensure that the optimal parameter combination is feasible. The following verification model can be established:

[0300] Q s =β1·Q+β2·C+β3·R+ε Qs ;

[0301] Among them, Q s To simulate welding quality, β1, β2, β3 are model parameters, ε Qs is a random error term. By minimizing Q s , ensuring that the optimal welding parameter combination meets the actual welding requirements.

[0302] According to the actual welding effect, appropriate parameter fine-tuning is performed to ensure that the welding quality, cost and risk indicators can meet the requirements. The fine-tuning process can be expressed as:

[0303]

[0304] Among them, η I ,η V ,η S is the learning rate, and the welding parameters are updated iteratively to finally obtain the optimal combination that meets the requirements.

[0305] Finally, according to the determined optimal welding parameters, the short pipe under pressure welding operation is carried out on the oil pipeline.

[0306] Step S40: Install the valve and perform strength test

[0307] The purpose of this step is to install the valve on the short pipe and perform a strength test on the entire system to ensure that it meets the design requirements. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0308] First, perform PT or MT nondestructive testing on the reinforcement plate weld of the short pipe to ensure the welding quality is qualified. The following qualification indicators can be defined:

[0309]

[0310] Among them, σ s is the weld surface stress, σ b is the weld bending stress, a is the weld depth, a min are the maximum and minimum allowable values ​​respectively. When J=1, it means that the weld quality meets the requirements.

[0311] Then, install the valve on the short pipe. During this process, it is necessary to ensure that the connection between the valve and the short pipe is stable. The following connection strength model can be used:

[0312] F c =π·d·t·σ c ;

[0313] Among them, F c is the axial bearing capacity of the connection, d is the valve flange diameter, t is the gasket thickness, σ c is the compressive strength of the gasket. By optimizing d and t, it can be ensured that the bearing capacity of the connection meets the requirements.

[0314] Next, prepare the pressure test medium. Generally, water can be used as the pressure test medium. For pipelines with high requirements for cleanliness and dryness, gas (such as nitrogen) can also be used as the pressure test medium.

[0315] Subsequently, the valve and short pipe are subjected to strength tests. The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure of the oil pipeline. The following strength assessment model can be established:

[0316]

[0317] Among them, P t is the test pressure, P0 is the pipeline design pressure, and ΔP is the pressure loss. When S=1, it means that the valve and short pipe meet the strength requirements.

[0318] Step S50: Assemble the hole tapping machine and connect it to the valve

[0319] The purpose of this step is to assemble the tapping machine and reliably connect it to the previously installed valve to prepare for subsequent tapping operations. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0320] First, assemble the drilling machine and check the concentricity of the drilling cutter and the drilling rig box. The following concentricity evaluation model can be used:

[0321]

[0322] Among them, x1, y1 and x2, y2 are the coordinates of the center of the hole cutter and the box connection. By minimizing E, it is ensured that the hole cutter and the box connection maintain good concentricity.

[0323] Then, measure the initial position of the drilling cutter head and record it on the drilling machine axis scale. The following position model can be established:

[0324] h=h0+Δh;

[0325] Among them, h is the current position of the drilling head, h0 is the initial position, and Δh is the position deviation. By monitoring the change of Δh in real time, the drilling depth can be accurately controlled.

[0326] Next, connect the tapping machine to the valve. During the connection process, it is necessary to ensure that the gaskets and bolts are used correctly and check whether the connection between the tapping machine and the valve is stable. The following connection strength assessment model can be established:

[0327]

[0328] Among them, F b is the axial bearing capacity of the connection, n is the number of bolts, d is the bolt diameter, σ b is the yield strength of the bolt. By optimizing n and d, the load-bearing capacity of the connection can be ensured to meet the requirements.

[0329] Finally, adjust the position of the tapping machine to ensure that it is perpendicular to the oil pipeline, and check the various parameter settings of the tapping machine, including the rotation speed and feed speed. The following verticality and parameter deviation indicators can be defined:

[0330]

[0331] Among them, x, y, z are the center coordinates of the drilling machine, x0, y0, z0 are the center coordinates of the pipeline, n0 and f z0 are the designed speed and feed rate respectively. By minimizing Δθ, Δn, Δf z , ensure that the installation position and parameter settings of the hole opening machine meet the requirements.

[0332] Step S60: Perform overall airtightness inspection

[0333] The purpose of this step is to check the air tightness of the entire system, including the hole tapping machine, flange surface and short pipe, to ensure that the sealing performance of the system meets the requirements. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0334] First, use inert gas (such as nitrogen) to replace the air in the connecting box and short pipe. The following replacement model can be established:

[0335]

[0336] Where C is the gas concentration in the chamber, and λ is the replacement coefficient. By replacing for a long time, it can be ensured that the internal gas purity meets the requirements.

[0337] Then, set the inspection pressure, which is usually 1.1 times the working pressure of the oil pipeline. Check the air tightness of the entire system, observe the pressure gauge, record the pressure changes, and check all connections for leaks. The following pressure loss model can be used:

[0338]

[0339] Where P is the system pressure, Q is the leakage flow, and V is the total volume of the system. By monitoring the pressure change rate dP / dt, system leakage problems can be discovered in a timely manner.

[0340] If the air tightness inspection is qualified, open the vent valve of the connecting box to release the gas in the connecting box and the short pipe to prepare for the subsequent hole opening operation. If the inspection is unqualified, it is necessary to return and recheck each connection until it meets the qualified standard.

[0341] Step S70: Perform the pressure tapping operation and use the tapping operation parameter optimization model to adjust the tapping speed and feed rate in real time

[0342] The purpose of this step is to perform the drilling operation under the premise of maintaining normal oil transportation in the pipeline, and use the drilling operation parameter optimization model to adjust the drilling speed and feed rate in real time to ensure the safety and controllability of the drilling process. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0343] First, a dynamic relationship model between cutting speed, feed rate and hole diameter is established. The cutting force model can be expressed by the following formula:

[0344]

[0345] Among them, F c is the cutting force (N), K c is the cutting coefficient, a p is the cutting depth (mm), f zis the feed per tooth (mm / tooth), v c is the cutting speed (m / min), d is the hole diameter (mm), T is the cutting time (min), x c ,y c ,z c ,m c ,λ c is the unknown coefficient, ε F is a random error term.

[0346] The cutting torque model can be expressed by the following formula:

[0347]

[0348] Among them, M t is the cutting torque (N·m), K t is the torque coefficient, x t ,y t ,z t ,m t ,λ t is the unknown coefficient, ε M is a random error term.

[0349] The cutting power model can be expressed by the following formula:

[0350]

[0351] Among them, P c is the cutting power (kW), n is the spindle speed (r / min), ε P is a random error term.

[0352] Then, the cutting force, cutting torque and cutting power are monitored in real time, and the cutting speed and feed rate are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring data to optimize the hole opening process. The evolution equation of the hole opening diameter can be expressed as follows:

[0353]

[0354] Among them, d max is the maximum opening diameter (mm), k d is the diameter growth coefficient, μ is the cutting force influence coefficient, σ is the random disturbance intensity, and ξ(T) is the standard Wiener process.

[0355] Adaptive control algorithms are used to optimize cutting speed and feed:

[0356]

[0357] Where J = w F ·F c +w M ·Mt +w P ·P c +w d ·(d target -d) 2 is the comprehensive optimization objective function, w F ,w M ,w P ,w d is the weight coefficient, d target is the target hole diameter (mm), η v ,η f is the learning rate.

[0358] Through the above-mentioned hole opening operation parameter optimization model, the cutting speed and feed rate can be adjusted in real time to improve the hole opening efficiency while ensuring the hole opening quality and safety.

[0359] Steps S80-S90 in this embodiment 1 are the same as the corresponding steps in the specific implementation method, and will not be repeated here.

[0360] Specifically, the principle of the present invention is:

[0361] 1. Opening point selection and wall thickness measurement. Before opening the hole, it is necessary to first conduct a comprehensive assessment of the opening point of the pipeline. Specifically, it includes: stripping the insulation layer, confirming that the opening position meets the design requirements, avoiding the weld position, and using a thickness gauge to measure and record the wall thickness of the opening point. The purpose of this step is to ensure that the opening point meets the requirements of subsequent welding and opening.

[0362] 2. Installation of pressurized welded short pipes and valves. Prepare pressurized welded short pipes and valves with specifications and dimensions that meet the design requirements, and carefully check their surface quality, certification documents, etc. When pressurizing the short pipe on the pipeline, use the welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed to ensure the quality of the weld. Then install the valve on the short pipe and perform a strength test to ensure that the valve's sealing and strength performance meet the requirements.

[0363] 3. Assembly of the tapping machine and air tightness check. Connect the tapping machine to the valve, and carefully check the concentricity of the tapping cutter and the drill box, the position of the tapping machine, and various parameter settings. After completing the assembly of the tapping machine, perform an air tightness check on the entire system, including the tapping machine, flange surface, and short pipe. The purpose of this step is to ensure that the system will not leak during the subsequent tapping process.

[0364] 4. Opening operation under pressure. After ensuring that the system is airtight, the opening operation under pressure can be carried out. During the opening process, the opening operation parameter optimization model is used to monitor parameters such as cutting force, cutting torque and cutting power in real time, and the adaptive control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the cutting speed and feed rate to ensure the accuracy and quality of the opening. After the opening is completed, the tool is returned to the connection box, the valve is completely closed and the pressure in the connection box is released.

[0365] During the entire construction process, the present invention fully utilizes advanced control technologies such as welding parameter game model and hole opening operation parameter optimization model, effectively improving welding quality and hole opening accuracy.

[0366] In order to better understand and implement the present invention, the following provides Example 2 of a specific application scenario of the present invention: A certain oil pipeline maintenance project is located in a certain city in a certain province, the pipeline diameter is 914mm, and the design pressure is 6.0MPa. Since the oil pipeline needs to be repaired without stopping production, the oil pipeline non-stop pressure drilling construction method proposed in the present invention is selected. The technical solution adopted in this Example 2 is: first, a short pipe with a flange valve is welded under pressure on the equipment and pipeline, and then the drilling machine is connected to the flange valve and the valve is opened. Then, the drilling machine tool is contacted with the equipment and pipeline that need to be drilled through the valve, and then the pressure test and airtightness work are carried out in the short pipe, valve, and drilling rig box tool placement space according to the design pressure of the pipeline to be drilled. After the pressure test is qualified, the tool is rotated to drill holes in the equipment and pipeline. After the drilling is successful, the tool and the iron block left by the drilling are withdrawn and withdrawn to the space of the drilling rig box outside the valve, and then the valve is closed, the drilling rig box is depressurized and the drilling machine is removed, and the pressure drilling is successful. The above-mentioned principle of pressure drilling construction without stopping production of the oil pipeline is as follows Figure 2 The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0367] First, when selecting the appropriate opening point, the location of the pipeline opening was carefully measured and analyzed. The measurement results showed that the pipeline wall thickness was between 8.5-9.2mm, which met the welding requirements. The opening position was about 1.5m away from the previous weld and was not on the weld, which met the design requirements.

[0368] Next, we prepared a short pipe with a diameter of 80mm and a length of 200mm for pressure welding and a DN80 ball valve. After careful inspection, the material, processing technology and other indicators of the short pipe and valve all met the design standards. The drilling machine model is ZKL-100, which can meet the requirements of this operation.

[0369] The optimal welding parameters are determined by the welding parameter game model. According to the pipe material and wall thickness, and referring to the relevant welding process regulations, the welding current range is preliminarily determined to be 160-220A, the welding voltage range is 24-32V, and the welding speed range is 2-4mm / s. Then, by establishing three objective functions of welding quality, cost and risk, and using a multi-objective optimization algorithm, the optimal welding parameter combination is solved as follows: welding current 190A, welding voltage 28V, and welding speed 3.2mm / s.

[0370] When welding the short pipe, the reinforcement plate weld was tested by MT and the result was qualified. Figure 3-4 The valve was installed on the short pipe and a strength test was carried out. The test pressure was 9.0MPa (1.5 times the pipeline design pressure), the pressure was maintained for 30 minutes, and the pressure loss was less than 0.5MPa, indicating that the test was qualified.

[0371] When assembling the tapping machine, check the concentricity of the tapping cutter and the connecting box, and the maximum deviation is less than 0.2mm. Measure the initial position of the tapping cutter head and record it on the tapping machine axis scale. Connect the tapping machine to the valve reliably, and there is no obvious looseness at the connection. Adjust the position of the tapping machine so that it is perpendicular to the pipeline and the deflection angle is less than 1 degree.

[0372] When conducting the overall air tightness inspection, the air in the connecting box and the short pipe was replaced with nitrogen. The inspection pressure was set to 6.6MPa (1.1 times the pipeline working pressure), the pressure change rate was less than 0.01MPa / min, and no leakage was found.

[0373] When performing the hole-opening operation, the hole-opening operation parameter optimization model is used to adjust the cutting speed and feed rate in real time. At the beginning, the cutting speed is set to 20m / min and the feed rate is set to 0.2mm / tooth. According to the real-time monitoring of cutting force, torque and power data, the parameters are continuously optimized and finally stabilized at a cutting speed of 18m / min and a feed rate of 0.18mm / tooth. The entire hole-opening process lasts 25min, and the final hole diameter is 80mm, which is consistent with the design requirements. Figure 5 The figure below is an analysis of the cutting force, torque and power during the hole opening process. Figure 5 It can be seen that during the hole opening process, the cutting force, torque and power gradually increase over time, but tend to stabilize after a certain period of time. This shows that through real-time monitoring and parameter optimization, the cutting state during the hole opening process can be effectively controlled to ensure the safety and stability of the operation. Next, the evolution of the hole opening diameter was analyzed. The results are as follows Figure 6As shown in the figure, it can be seen that in the early stage of hole opening, the hole diameter increases rapidly, then the growth slows down, and finally stabilizes at the target diameter of 80mm. This is consistent with the prediction of the hole diameter evolution equation, indicating that through parameter optimization control, the hole opening process can be accurately controlled to ensure that the design requirements are finally met. The changes in various operating parameters during the whole process are shown in Table 1:

[0374] Table 1 Changes of key process parameters

[0375] parameter Initial Value Optimization value Welding current (A) 190 - Welding voltage(V) 28 - Welding speed (mm / s) 3.2 - Cutting speed (m / min) 20 18 Feed rate (mm / tooth) 0.2 0.18 Opening diameter (mm) - 80

[0376] It can be seen that through reasonable optimization of process parameters, not only the welding quality and hole opening accuracy are ensured, but also the operation efficiency is improved and the interference with the oil pipeline is minimized.

[0377] In summary, in this embodiment, the oil pipeline pressure opening construction method proposed by the present invention is successfully applied. Through reasonable process parameter optimization, the welding quality, opening accuracy and operation safety are ensured, creating good conditions for pipeline maintenance work.

[0378] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for drilling holes under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10, selecting a hole opening operation point and measuring the wall thickness; S20, prepare short pipes and valves for pressure welding; S30, welding a short pipe under pressure on an oil pipeline, and using a welding parameter game model to determine the optimal welding current, voltage and welding speed; S40. Install valves and conduct strength tests; S50, assemble the tapping machine and connect it to the valve; S60. Conduct overall air tightness inspection; S70, performing a pressure tapping operation, and using a tapping operation parameter optimization model to adjust the tapping speed and feed rate in real time; S80, after completing the hole opening, the tool is returned and the valve is closed; S90, dismantle the drilling machine to complete the operation.

2. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S10 specifically includes: Step 101, peeling off the insulation layer at the opening point of the oil pipeline; Step 102, check the construction drawings to ensure that the opening point positions meet the design requirements; Step 103, confirming that the selected opening point is not located on the weld; Step 104, using a thickness gauge to measure the wall thickness of the opening point; Step 105, recording wall thickness measurement data; Step 106: confirm that the selected opening point meets welding requirements based on the measurement results.

3. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step S20 specifically includes: Step 201, confirming that the specifications and dimensions of the pressure-welded short pipe and valve meet the design requirements; Step 202, checking the surface quality of the pressure-welded short pipe and the valve; Step 203, checking the quality certification documents of the pressure-welded short pipe and valve; Step 204, check the status of the drilling machine to ensure that it meets the use conditions; Step 205, check the valve pressure test record to confirm that the sealing and strength of the valve meet the design requirements; Step 206, measuring the inner diameter of the valve to ensure that the hole cutter can pass smoothly; Step 207, check the total length of the pipe fitting to ensure that the hole-opening stroke does not exceed the maximum stroke of the hole-opening machine.

4. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The welding parameter game model in step S30 includes the following steps: Step 301, defining three objective functions of welding quality, cost and risk; Step 302, establishing a relationship model between welding current, voltage and speed and three objective functions; Step 303, setting a feasible range of welding parameters, including minimum and maximum allowable values; Step 304, using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the optimal welding parameter combination; Step 305: Perform welding simulation verification to ensure the feasibility of the optimal parameter combination; Step 306: fine-tune parameters according to actual welding results.

5. The method for drilling a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The step S40 specifically includes: Step 401, perform PT or MT testing on the reinforcement plate weld to ensure that the test is qualified; Step 402, installing a valve on the short pipe; Step 403, prepare a pressure test medium, generally water is used, and gas can be used for pipelines with high requirements for cleanliness and dryness; Step 404, performing a strength test on the valve and the short pipe, the test pressure being 1.5 times the design pressure of the oil pipeline; Step 405, performing the pressure increasing, pressure maintaining and pressure reducing processes according to the standard procedure; Step 406: Record the pressure test results to ensure that the pressure test is qualified.

6. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The step S50 specifically includes: Step 501, assemble the drilling machine and check the concentricity of the drilling cutter and the drilling rig box; Step 502, measuring the initial position of the drilling cutter head and recording it on the drilling machine axis scale; Step 503, connect the hole tapping machine to the valve, and ensure that the gasket and bolts are used correctly; Step 504, check the connection stability between the tapping machine and the valve; Step 505, adjusting the position of the tapping machine to ensure that it is perpendicular to the oil pipeline; Step 506: Check various parameter settings of the drilling machine, including rotation speed and feed speed.

7. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The step S60 specifically includes: Step 601, perform air tightness check on the entire system, including the tapping machine, flange surface and short pipe; Step 602: Use inert gas to replace the air in the connecting box and the short pipe; Step 603, setting the inspection pressure to 1.1 times the working pressure of the oil pipeline; Step 604, observe the pressure gauge and record the pressure change; Step 605: Check all connections for leaks; Step 606: After confirming that the air tightness check is qualified, open the connecting box vent valve to prepare for completely draining the gas in the connecting box and the short pipe.

8. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The hole opening operation parameter optimization model in step S70 includes the following steps: Step 701, establishing a dynamic relationship model between cutting speed, feed rate and hole diameter; Step 702: real-time monitoring of cutting force, cutting torque and cutting power; Step 703, dynamically adjusting the cutting speed and feed rate according to the monitoring data; Step 704, considering the material properties, establishing an evolution equation of the opening diameter; Step 705: introducing a random disturbance term to simulate the uncertainty in the actual hole opening process; Step 706: Use an adaptive control algorithm to achieve real-time optimization of cutting parameters.

9. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step S80 specifically includes: Step 801: After confirming that the hole drilling is completed, the tool is returned to the connection box; Step 802, completely close the valve to ensure sealing; Step 803, open the vent valve to release the pressure in the connection box; Step 804, monitor the pressure in the connecting box to ensure that the pressure is completely released; Step 805: Check the opening to ensure there is no leakage.

10. The method for tapping a hole under pressure in an oil pipeline without stopping production according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step S90 specifically includes: Step 1001, dismantle the connection between the hole tapping machine and the valve; Step 1002, check the opening to confirm that there is no leakage; Step 1003: clean up the work site and restore the pipeline insulation layer.

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