GIS-based urban wall type historic building geological radar and surface wave method comprehensive detection method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ancient building hidden danger detection, and discloses a GIS-based urban wall type ancient building geological radar and surface wave method comprehensive detection method, which comprises the following steps of: detecting an urban wall section by using a geological radar and a surface wave method to obtain three-dimensional imaging data of internal hidden danger distribution and shear wave velocity profile data of an internal medium; geologic radar and surface wave method data are spatially aligned with a geographic coordinate system of a city wall through a GIS platform, and data fusion is carried out; generating a three-dimensional model of the city wall and the foundation thereof in the GIS, marking the depths and shear wave velocity distribution of different hidden danger bodies, and performing three-dimensional visual analysis; and further protection and repair decision support is carried out according to the result. According to the GIS-based urban wall type historic building geological radar and surface wave method comprehensive detection method, efficient integration of detection data is realized, space alignment accuracy is improved, visual multi-dimensional analysis is realized, and support is provided for historic building protection and repair work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ancient building hidden danger detection, and in particular to a GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall-type building geological radar and surface wave method. Background Art

[0002] Ancient city wall buildings are an important part of cultural heritage, and the health of their internal structures is directly related to their stability and long-term preservation value. Geological radar and surface wave method are currently the most widely used non-destructive detection technologies, which can provide high-resolution imaging of the interior of the building and shear wave velocity distribution of the underground medium respectively. However, these detection data usually exist in an independent form and are difficult to directly combine with the geographic information system (GIS), which brings a series of challenges in actual protection and restoration work, mainly in the following aspects: 1. Differences in data formats: The high-resolution imaging data generated by geological radar are mainly two-dimensional or three-dimensional data sets, while the surface wave method generates the shear wave velocity distribution of the underground medium. There are significant differences in the data formats and analysis methods of the two.

[0003] 2. Accuracy requirements for spatial alignment: Due to the different detection depths, operating methods and resolutions of geological radar and surface wave method, how to ensure the spatial alignment accuracy of data when integrating their results into the GIS system is a key technical difficulty.

[0004] 3. Complexity of data fusion and visualization: The results of geological radar and surface wave method reflect different aspects of the interior of the city wall. How to effectively integrate this information and display it intuitively in GIS requires certain technical complexity. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a GIS-based comprehensive detection method of geological radar and surface wave method for ancient city wall buildings, which realizes the efficient integration of detection data, improves the accuracy of spatial alignment, realizes visual multi-dimensional analysis, and provides support for the protection and restoration of ancient buildings.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method, comprising the following steps: Step S1, using geological radar to detect a certain historical city wall section, and obtaining three-dimensional imaging data of the internal hidden danger distribution of ancient city wall buildings; Step S2, using the surface wave method to detect the inner medium of the city wall, and obtaining the shear wave velocity profile data of the inner medium of the ancient city wall-like building; Step S3: through the spatial alignment function in the geographic information system platform, align the geological radar and surface wave method data with the geographic coordinate system of the city wall, and perform data fusion; Step S4: Generate a three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation in the geographic information system, use color and transparency to identify the depth and shear wave velocity distribution of different hidden danger bodies, and perform three-dimensional visualization analysis; Step S5: Output the results as Shapefile and 3D model files, and provide further protection and restoration decision support based on the results.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, a geological radar is used to detect a certain historical city wall section, and the specific process is as follows: Step S111: During the on-site operation of the geological radar, ensure that there is no obstructed area on the seawall of the ancient city wall, and set the real-time dynamic differential positioning technology to work in conjunction with the geological radar; Step S112, performing geological radar detection according to the planned survey line; Step S113: When the side wall of the ancient city wall is blocked or the real-time dynamic differential positioning technology cannot obtain accurate coordinates, the coordinates of the starting and ending points and key turning points are collected, and then the geological radar detection work is carried out using the ranging wheel triggering method.

[0008] Preferably, the detection data obtained by the geological radar is processed, comprising the following steps: Step S121, check the integrity of the track header coordinates by measuring the lines one by one. For the data that cannot be written into the track header coordinates in real time during acquisition, use the coordinates of the start and end points and important turning points, and interpolate and write them into each track according to the number of geological radar data tracks; Step S122, using data processing software to perform direct wave removal, DC drift removal, energy enhancement, bandpass filtering, and background elimination on the data to form geological radar results containing spatial position information; Step S123: Based on relevant specifications and functional experience, the result interpretation software integrated with the geographic information system function is used to perform joint interpretation of multiple survey lines to obtain anomalies such as loose bodies, voids, and side wall openings inside the city wall; Step S124: based on the abnormal distribution characteristics, delineate the scope of the hidden danger body, and determine the buried depth, plane position, and type attributes of the hidden danger body; Step S125: convert the survey lines, line anomalies, and contours of the delineated hidden danger bodies into SHP format, and store the relevant information in the geographic information system database.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the surface wave method is used to detect the inner medium of the city wall, and the specific process is as follows: Step S211, arranging on-site according to the preset surface wave survey line; Step S212, record the surface wave method test report, use real-time dynamic differential positioning technology to collect accurate coordinates, when conventional surface wave collection is used, record the coordinates of the center point of the arrangement; when other collection methods are used, record the coordinates of the starting and ending points of the arrangement.

[0010] Preferably, processing the detection data obtained based on the surface wave method comprises the following steps: Step S221, when processing data, first perform data preprocessing, FK filtering, and extract dispersion curves to process the data, obtain a single-point dispersion curve data file, and further invert it into a depth-velocity curve data file; Step S222: assigning spatial positions to each dispersion curve according to the longitude and latitude coordinates collected by the real-time dynamic differential positioning technology to obtain depth-velocity curve data containing spatial information; Step S223, according to the multiple depth-velocity curve data in the same survey line direction, an interpolation algorithm is used to produce a grid map, and the grid map is synchronously written into the spatial coordinates; Step S224, obtaining line anomalies according to the profile data; and defining the scope of the hidden danger body according to the line anomalies and other existing detection results; Step S225: convert the survey lines, line anomalies, and contours of the delineated hidden danger bodies into SHP format, and store the relevant information in the geographic information system database.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the geological radar and surface wave method data are spatially aligned with the geographic coordinate system of the city wall through the spatial alignment function in the geographic information system platform, and data fusion is performed. The specific process is as follows: Step S31, using geographic information system software, loading each SHP file, and reading the geographic information system database; Step S32: perform spatial analysis according to the type and burial depth of the hidden danger body, merge the intersecting hidden danger bodies, and focus on analyzing the plane overlapping hidden danger bodies; Step S33: import the control point information for geographic alignment and local coordinate conversion according to the display and use requirements of the results; Step S34, overlaying CAD topographic maps, satellite images, orthographic images, and oblique photography models for display and results export.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, a three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation is generated in a geographic information system, and the depth and shear wave velocity distribution of different hidden danger bodies are marked by color and transparency, and a three-dimensional visualization analysis is performed. The specific process is as follows: Step S41: On a geographic information system platform, the integrated data is integrated into a three-dimensional geographic information model of the city wall, and a comprehensive three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation is generated by three-dimensional modeling technology; Step S42: Use color gradient, transparency adjustment, and contour visualization to intuitively display the internal cracks of the city wall, material changes, and the distribution of foundation shear wave velocity, thereby achieving multi-dimensional visualization analysis.

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, the results are output as Shapefile and 3D model files, and further protection and restoration decision support is provided based on the results, specifically including: Step S51, outputting the integrated three-dimensional model into a standard format file for archiving the results and further analysis; Step S52: Provide a remote access and collaboration platform to support technical personnel in remotely analyzing and collaborating on detection data.

[0014] Preferably, standard format files include Shapefile, GeoJSON, KML, and 3D model files; wherein 3D model files include OBJ and FBX.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned GIS-based city wall ancient building geological radar and surface wave method comprehensive detection method, and the beneficial effects are as follows: 1. Effective integration of multi-source data: Through data fusion technology, different types of data reflecting the internal medium conditions of the city wall are effectively integrated to enhance the utilization value of the data; 2. High precision of spatial alignment: Adopt precise real-time dynamic differential positioning (RTK) technology and spatial alignment technology to ensure high-precision matching of geological radar and surface wave method data with GIS model and ensure the reliability of analysis results; 3. Visualized multi-dimensional display: Utilize 3D modeling and visualization technology to realize multi-dimensional display of detection data, providing intuitive reference for the protection and restoration of ancient buildings; 4. Wide application of results: Support remote access and multi-party collaboration of detection results to improve the efficiency and scientific nature of ancient building protection work.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the GIS-based comprehensive detection method of city wall ancient building geological radar and surface wave method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method comprises the following steps: Step S1, using geological radar to detect a certain historical city wall section, and obtaining three-dimensional imaging data of the internal hidden danger distribution of ancient city wall buildings; Step S2, using the surface wave method to detect the inner medium of the city wall, and obtaining the shear wave velocity profile data of the inner medium of the ancient city wall-like building; Step S3, through the spatial alignment function in the geographic information system (GIS) platform, the geological radar and surface wave method data are spatially aligned with the geographic coordinate system of the city wall, and data fusion is performed; Step S4: Generate a three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation in GIS, use color and transparency to identify the depth and shear wave velocity distribution of different hidden danger bodies, and perform three-dimensional visualization analysis; Step S5: Output the results as Shapefile and 3D model files, and provide further protection and restoration decision support based on the results.

[0020] Example Step S1, using geological radar to detect a certain historical city wall section, and obtain three-dimensional imaging data of the internal hidden danger distribution of ancient city wall buildings; wherein, the geological radar must have the function of storing the coordinates of the track head, and be used in conjunction with the real-time dynamic differential positioning (RTK) technology.

[0021] Step S11: Use geological radar to detect a certain historical city wall section. The specific process is as follows: Step S111: During the on-site operation of the geological radar, ensure that there is no obstruction in the area such as the sea wall of the ancient city wall, and set up the linkage between RTK and the geological radar; Step S112, performing geological radar detection according to the planned survey line; Step S113: When the side wall of the ancient city wall is blocked or RTK cannot obtain accurate coordinates, the coordinates of the starting and ending points and key turning points should be collected, and then the geological radar detection work should be carried out using the ranging wheel trigger method.

[0022] Step S12, processing the detection data obtained by the geological radar, including the following steps: Step S121, check the integrity of the track header coordinates by measuring the lines one by one, or use the compilation software for batch processing; for the data that cannot be written into the track header coordinates in real time during acquisition, use the coordinates of the starting and ending points and important turning points, and interpolate and write them into each track according to the number of geological radar data tracks; Step S122, using data processing software to perform direct wave removal, DC drift removal, energy enhancement, bandpass filtering, background elimination and other processing on the data to form a geological radar result containing spatial position information; Step S123: Based on relevant specifications and functional experience, the result interpretation software with integrated GIS function is used to perform joint interpretation of multiple survey lines to obtain anomalies such as loose bodies, voids, and side wall openings inside the city wall; Step S124: based on the abnormal distribution characteristics, delineate the scope of the hidden danger body, and determine the hidden danger body's buried depth, plane position, hidden danger body type and other attributes; Step S125: convert the survey lines, line anomalies, and contours of the delineated hidden danger bodies into SHP format, and store the relevant information in the GIS database.

[0023] Step S13: Based on the above geological radar detection process and detection data, three-dimensional imaging data of the internal hidden danger distribution of ancient city wall buildings is obtained.

[0024] Step S2: Use the surface wave method to detect the inner medium of the city wall and obtain the shear wave velocity profile data of the inner medium of the ancient city wall-like building.

[0025] Step S21: Use the surface wave method to detect the inner medium of the city wall. The specific process is as follows: Step S211, arranging on-site according to the preset surface wave survey line; Step S212, record the surface wave method test report, use RTK to collect accurate coordinates, record the coordinates of the center point of the arrangement when conventional surface wave collection is used, and record the coordinates of the starting and ending points of the arrangement when other collection methods are used.

[0026] Step S22, processing the detection data obtained based on the surface wave method, comprises the following steps: Step S221, when processing data, first perform data preprocessing, FK filtering, and extracting dispersion curves to process the data, obtain a single-point dispersion curve data file, or further invert it into a depth-velocity curve data file; Step S222: assigning spatial positions to each dispersion curve according to the longitude and latitude coordinates collected by RTK to obtain depth-velocity curve data containing spatial information; Step S223, according to the multiple depth-velocity curve data in the same survey line direction, an interpolation algorithm is used to produce a grid map, and the grid map is synchronously written into the spatial coordinates; Step S224, obtaining line anomalies according to the profile data; and defining the scope of the hidden danger body according to the line anomalies and other existing detection results; Step S225: convert the survey lines, line anomalies, and contours of the delineated hidden danger bodies into SHP format, and store the relevant information in the GIS database.

[0027] Step S23: Based on the above surface wave detection process and detection data, the shear wave velocity profile data of the internal medium of the ancient city wall building is obtained.

[0028] Step S3: Use the spatial alignment function in the GIS platform to spatially align the geological radar and surface wave method data with the geographic coordinate system of the city wall and perform data fusion.

[0029] Step S31, using GIS software, loading each SHP file, and reading the GIS database; Step S32: perform spatial analysis based on the type of hidden danger body, burial depth and other attributes, merge the intersecting hidden danger bodies, and focus on analyzing the plane overlapping hidden danger bodies; Step S33: import the control point information for geographic alignment and local coordinate conversion according to the display and use requirements of the results; Step S34, overlay CAD topographic maps, satellite images, orthographic images, oblique photography models, etc. for display and results export.

[0030] Step S4: Generate a three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation in GIS, use color and transparency to identify the depth and shear wave velocity distribution of different hidden danger bodies, and perform three-dimensional visualization analysis.

[0031] Step S41: On the GIS platform, the integrated data is integrated into the three-dimensional geographic information model of the city wall, and a comprehensive three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation is generated by three-dimensional modeling technology; Step S42: Use visualization methods such as color gradient, transparency adjustment, and contour lines to intuitively display the internal cracks of the city wall, material changes, and the distribution of foundation shear wave velocity, thereby achieving multi-dimensional visualization analysis.

[0032] Step S5: Output the results as Shapefile and 3D model files, and provide further protection and restoration decision support based on the results.

[0033] Step S51, outputting the integrated 3D model into a standard format file, such as Shapefile, GeoJSON, KML, 3D model file (such as OBJ, FBX), etc., for archiving the results and further analysis; Step S52: Provide a remote access and collaboration platform to support technical personnel in remotely analyzing and collaborating on detection data.

[0034] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned GIS-based city wall-type ancient building geological radar and surface wave method comprehensive detection method, realizes the efficient integration of detection data, improves the accuracy of spatial alignment, realizes visual multi-dimensional analysis, and provides support for the protection and restoration of ancient buildings.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, using geological radar to detect a certain historical city wall section, and obtaining three-dimensional imaging data of the internal hidden danger distribution of ancient city wall buildings; Step S2, using the surface wave method to detect the inner medium of the city wall, and obtaining the shear wave velocity profile data of the inner medium of the ancient city wall-like building; Step S3: through the spatial alignment function in the geographic information system platform, align the geological radar and surface wave method data with the geographic coordinate system of the city wall, and perform data fusion; Step S4: Generate a three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation in the geographic information system, use color and transparency to identify the depth and shear wave velocity distribution of different hidden danger bodies, and perform three-dimensional visualization analysis; Step S5: Output the results as Shapefile and 3D model files, and provide further protection and restoration decision support based on the results.

2. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, a geological radar is used to detect a certain historical city wall section. The specific process is as follows: Step S111: During the on-site operation of the geological radar, ensure that there is no obstructed area on the seawall of the ancient city wall, and set the real-time dynamic differential positioning technology to work in conjunction with the geological radar; Step S112, performing geological radar detection according to the planned survey line; Step S113: When the side wall of the ancient city wall is blocked or the real-time dynamic differential positioning technology cannot obtain accurate coordinates, the coordinates of the starting and ending points and key turning points are collected, and then the geological radar detection work is carried out using the ranging wheel triggering method.

3. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The detection data obtained by the above geological radar is processed, including the following steps: Step S121, check the integrity of the track header coordinates by measuring the lines one by one. For the data that cannot be written into the track header coordinates in real time during acquisition, use the coordinates of the start and end points and important turning points, and interpolate and write them into each track according to the number of geological radar data tracks; Step S122, using data processing software to perform direct wave removal, DC drift removal, energy enhancement, bandpass filtering, and background elimination on the data to form geological radar results containing spatial position information; Step S123: Based on relevant specifications and functional experience, the result interpretation software integrated with the geographic information system function is used to perform joint interpretation of multiple survey lines to obtain anomalies such as loose bodies, voids, and side wall openings inside the city wall; Step S124: based on the abnormal distribution characteristics, delineate the scope of the hidden danger body, and determine the buried depth, plane position, and type attributes of the hidden danger body; Step S125: convert the survey lines, line anomalies, and contours of the delineated hidden danger bodies into SHP format, and store the relevant information in the geographic information system database.

4. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the surface wave method is used to detect the inner medium of the city wall. The specific process is as follows: Step S211, arranging on-site according to the preset surface wave survey line; Step S212, record the surface wave method test report, use real-time dynamic differential positioning technology to collect accurate coordinates, when conventional surface wave collection is used, record the coordinates of the center point of the arrangement; when other collection methods are used, record the coordinates of the starting and ending points of the arrangement.

5. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Processing the detection data obtained based on the surface wave method includes the following steps: Step S221, when processing data, first perform data preprocessing, FK filtering, and extract dispersion curves to process the data, obtain a single-point dispersion curve data file, and further invert it into a depth-velocity curve data file; Step S222: assigning spatial positions to each dispersion curve according to the longitude and latitude coordinates collected by the real-time dynamic differential positioning technology to obtain depth-velocity curve data containing spatial information; Step S223, according to the multiple depth-velocity curve data in the same survey line direction, an interpolation algorithm is used to produce a grid map, and the grid map is synchronously written into the spatial coordinates; Step S224, obtaining line anomalies according to the profile data; and defining the scope of the hidden danger body according to the line anomalies and other existing detection results; Step S225: convert the survey lines, line anomalies, and contours of the delineated hidden danger bodies into SHP format, and store the relevant information in the geographic information system database.

6. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, the geological radar and surface wave method data are spatially aligned with the geographic coordinate system of the city wall through the spatial alignment function in the geographic information system platform, and data fusion is performed. The specific process is as follows: Step S31, using geographic information system software, loading each SHP file, and reading the geographic information system database; Step S32: perform spatial analysis according to the type and burial depth of the hidden danger body, merge the intersecting hidden danger bodies, and focus on analyzing the plane overlapping hidden danger bodies; Step S33: import the control point information for geographic alignment and local coordinate conversion according to the display and use requirements of the results; Step S34, overlaying CAD topographic maps, satellite images, orthographic images, and oblique photography models for display and results export.

7. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, a three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation is generated in the geographic information system, and the depth and shear wave velocity distribution of different hidden danger bodies are marked by color and transparency, and a three-dimensional visualization analysis is performed. The specific process is as follows: Step S41: On a geographic information system platform, the integrated data is integrated into a three-dimensional geographic information model of the city wall, and a comprehensive three-dimensional model of the city wall and its foundation is generated by three-dimensional modeling technology; Step S42: Use color gradient, transparency adjustment, and contour visualization to intuitively display the internal cracks of the city wall, material changes, and the distribution of foundation shear wave velocity, thereby achieving multi-dimensional visualization analysis.

8. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5, the results are output as shapefiles and 3D model files, and further protection and restoration decision support is provided based on the results, including: Step S51, outputting the integrated three-dimensional model into a standard format file for archiving the results and further analysis; Step S52: Provide a remote access and collaboration platform to support technical personnel in remotely analyzing and collaborating on detection data.

9. The GIS-based comprehensive detection method of ancient city wall buildings using geological radar and surface wave method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: Standard format files include Shapefile, GeoJSON, KML, and 3D model files; among them, 3D model files include OBJ and FBX.

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