Electric vehicle power control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle control, in particular to an electric vehicle power control system and method, a supporting frame of a control assembly is fixed in a shell, and a control panel is responsible for receiving a signal from user operation and accurately regulating and controlling power output of a motor according to the signal. And the connecting wire group is a bridge for communication between the control panel and other system components, so that smooth transmission of signals is ensured. The semiconductor chilling plate set is directly installed on the heat dissipation plate and is provided with a cold end and a hot end, the cold end is close to the control plate, and the heat dissipation plate achieves direct exchange with outside air through holes in the bottom of the shell. The fixing buckle ensures the stable installation of the refrigeration sheet group, and the heat conduction efficiency from the control panel to the refrigeration sheet group is obviously improved through the addition of the heat conduction layer. Therefore, intelligent temperature control can be realized, overheating is effectively prevented, and the service life of each component of the system is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle control, and in particular to an electric vehicle power control system and method. Background Art

[0002] As the core control component of electric vehicles, the electric vehicle controller is equivalent to the "brain" of the vehicle. It is responsible for regulating the key functions of the electric vehicle's motor start, operation, forward, backward, speed control and stop, and manages other electronic equipment of the electric vehicle. It integrates a microprocessor (or single-chip microcomputer), power transistors, various sensors and auxiliary electronic components, and realizes intelligent operation through precise circuit design. The controller first adjusts the battery voltage to a voltage level suitable for the operation of each component through a voltage stabilization circuit to power the main chip, drive circuit and protection circuit. As the control center, the main chip receives signals from the handlebars and sensors, and outputs instructions to control the three-phase drive circuit based on them, drives the motor in a pulse width modulation (PWM) mode, and realizes precise control of speed and direction. At the same time, it also supervises the undervoltage protection and current limiting protection circuits to ensure that the battery is not over-discharged and the circuit is not overloaded, protecting the safety and efficient operation of the entire electric vehicle system.

[0003] Existing electric vehicle controllers mainly dissipate heat passively through the outer shell, which has low heat dissipation efficiency in hot weather and is prone to cause controller failure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle power control system and method, which aims to use a cooling plate to actively dissipate heat, so that the controller can operate for a long time at a suitable temperature and reduce the failure rate.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle power control system, comprising a support component, a control component and a heat dissipation component, wherein the support component comprises a mounting plate and a shell, the shell is fixedly connected to the mounting plate and is located on the top of the shell, the control component comprises a support frame, a connecting wire group and a control board, the support frame is fixedly connected to the shell and is located in the shell, the control board is arranged on one side of the support frame, the connecting wire group is connected to the control board, the heat dissipation component comprises a semiconductor refrigeration sheet group, a heat dissipation plate, a fixing buckle, a heat conductive layer, a first fan, a temperature sensor and a controller, the bottom of the shell has an opening, the heat dissipation plate is arranged in the opening, the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group is arranged on the heat dissipation plate, the fixing buckle is arranged in the shell, the heat conductive layer is arranged between the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group and the control board, the first fan is arranged at the bottom of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group, the temperature sensor is arranged on one side of the control board, and the controller is connected to the temperature sensor.

[0006] Wherein, the support assembly further includes two clamping plates and two support springs, the two clamping plates are slidably connected to the shell and are located on both sides of the connecting line group, and the support springs are correspondingly arranged between the clamping plates and the shell.

[0007] Wherein, the splint has a handle, and the handle is arranged on the outer side of the splint.

[0008] Wherein, the support frame includes a frame body, a support rod and a fixing bolt, the support rod is fixed in the shell, the frame body is fixedly connected to the support rod and is located at the top of the support rod, the control panel is arranged on the frame body, and the fixing bolt passes through the control panel and is connected to the frame body.

[0009] Wherein, the control board includes a power supply unit, a microprocessor, a pulse width modulation unit, a power device driving unit, a signal acquisition and processing unit and an interface unit;

[0010] The power supply unit is used to convert the high-voltage direct current of the electric vehicle into the stable low-voltage direct current required by the controller;

[0011] The microprocessor is used to process input signals from various sensors;

[0012] The pulse width modulation unit is used to generate a pulse signal according to the instruction of the microprocessor, so as to control the power output of the motor;

[0013] The power device driving unit is used to switch under the control of the PWM signal to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing to the motor;

[0014] The signal acquisition and processing unit is used to collect signals from the throttle, brake handle, and motor Hall sensor, and convert these analog signals into digital signals for processing by the microprocessor;

[0015] The interface unit is used to connect to the connection line group.

[0016] Wherein, the heat dissipation assembly further includes a sealing ring, which is fixedly connected to the heat dissipation plate and is located between the heat dissipation plate and the housing.

[0017] Among them, the fixing buckle includes two card plates and two supporting springs, the two card plates are slidably connected to the shell and are located on both sides of the heat sink, the two supporting springs are arranged on one side of the two card plates, and two protrusions are arranged on the heat sink corresponding to the card plates.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for controlling power of an electric vehicle, comprising: controlling the power of the electric vehicle through a control panel;

[0019] The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the control panel. When the temperature exceeds the preset value, the controller starts the semiconductor refrigeration chip group to cool down.

[0020] The first fan is used to dissipate heat from the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration plate group.

[0021] The present invention discloses an electric vehicle power control system and method, wherein the support assembly is composed of a mounting plate and a protective housing. The mounting plate serves as a carrier for all components, ensuring the stable placement of each component. The housing not only provides necessary protection, but also prevents damage to the internal precision electronic components by external environmental factors. The support frame of the control assembly is fixed inside the housing, and a stable platform is built for the control panel to ensure its stability during the vehicle's travel. The control panel is responsible for receiving signals from user operations and accurately regulating the power output of the motor accordingly. The connecting wire group is a bridge for communication between the control panel and other system components, ensuring smooth signal transmission. The heat dissipation assembly adopts advanced heat dissipation technology to cope with the heating problem under high load operation. The semiconductor refrigeration plate group is directly mounted on the heat dissipation plate, and has a cold end and a hot end, wherein the cold end is close to the control panel, and the heat dissipation plate cleverly uses the opening at the bottom of the housing to achieve direct exchange with the outside air. The fixing buckle ensures the stable installation of the refrigeration plate group, and the addition of the heat conductive layer significantly improves the heat conduction efficiency from the control panel to the refrigeration plate group. The first fan is located at the bottom of the semiconductor refrigeration chip group, actively drawing in external cold air to accelerate the heat dissipation process of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration chip group. The temperature sensor is close to the control board, monitors its working temperature in real time, and feeds the data back to the controller. The controller dynamically adjusts the fan speed and the working status of the refrigeration chip based on these data, realizes intelligent temperature control, effectively prevents overheating, and extends the service life of various components of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an electric vehicle power control system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a right side structural diagram of an electric vehicle power control system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an electric vehicle power control system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a bottom structural diagram of an electric vehicle power control system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a left side structural diagram of an electric vehicle power control system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional structural diagram of an electric vehicle power control system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 4 is a structural diagram of a control board according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a transverse cross-sectional structural diagram of an electric vehicle power control system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a connection structure diagram of the data acquisition unit, the control unit, and the alarm unit of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.10 It is a flow chart of a power control method of an electric vehicle according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Support assembly 101, control assembly 102, heat dissipation assembly 103, mounting plate 104, housing 105, support frame 106, connecting wire group 107, control board 108, semiconductor refrigeration plate group 109, heat dissipation plate 110, fixing buckle 111, thermal conductive layer 112, first fan 113, temperature sensor 114, controller 115, clamping plate 201, support spring 202, handle 203, frame 204, support rod 205, fixing bolt 206, power supply unit 207, microprocessor 208, pulse width modulation unit 209, power device driving unit 210, signal acquisition and processing unit 211, interface unit 212, sealing ring 213, card board 214, support spring 215, partition net 216, data acquisition unit 217, control unit 218, alarm unit 219. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0036] First embodiment

[0037] See also Figure 1 to Figure 3 The present invention also provides an electric vehicle power control system, including a support component 101, a control component 102 and a heat dissipation component 103, wherein the support component 101 includes a mounting plate 104 and a housing 105, wherein the housing 105 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 104 and is located on the top of the housing 105, wherein the control component 102 includes a support frame 106, a connecting wire group 107 and a control board 108, wherein the support frame 106 is fixedly connected to the housing 105 and is located inside the housing 105, wherein the control board 108 is arranged on one side of the support frame 106, wherein the connecting wire group 107 is connected to the control board 108, and wherein the heat dissipation component 103 includes a semiconductor cooling plate group 109, a heat sink 110, a fixing buckle 111, a thermal conductive layer 112, a first fan 113, a temperature sensor 114 and a controller 115, the housing 105 has an opening at the bottom, the heat sink 110 is arranged in the opening, the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group 109 is arranged on the heat sink 110, the fixing buckle 111 is arranged in the housing 105, the thermal conductive layer 112 is arranged between the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group 109 and the control board 108, the first fan 113 is arranged at the bottom of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group 109, the temperature sensor 114 is arranged on one side of the control board 108, and the controller 115 is connected to the temperature sensor 114.

[0038] In this embodiment, the support assembly 101 is composed of a mounting plate 104 and a protective housing 105. The mounting plate 104 serves as a carrier for all components, ensuring the stable placement of each component. The housing 105 not only provides the necessary protection, but also prevents damage to the internal precision electronic components by external environmental factors. The support frame 106 of the control assembly 102 is fixed inside the housing 105, and a stable platform is built for the control board 108 to ensure its stability during the vehicle's travel. The control board 108 is responsible for receiving signals from user operations and accurately regulating the power output of the motor accordingly. The connecting wire group 107 is a bridge for communication between the control board 108 and other system components, ensuring smooth signal transmission. The heat dissipation assembly 103 uses advanced heat dissipation technology to deal with the heating problem under high load operation. The semiconductor cooling plate group 109 is directly mounted on the heat dissipation plate 110, having a cold end and a hot end, wherein the cold end is close to the control board 108, and the heat dissipation plate 110 cleverly uses the opening at the bottom of the housing 105 to achieve direct exchange with the outside air. The fixing buckle 111 ensures the stable installation of the cooling plate group, and the addition of the heat conductive layer 112 significantly improves the heat conduction efficiency from the control board 108 to the cooling plate group. The first fan 113 is located at the bottom of the semiconductor cooling plate group 109, actively draws in external cold air, and accelerates the heat dissipation process of the hot end of the semiconductor cooling plate group 109. The temperature sensor 114 is close to the control board 108, monitors its working temperature in real time, and feeds the data back to the controller 115. The controller 115 dynamically adjusts the fan speed and the working state of the cooling plate according to these data, realizes intelligent temperature control, effectively prevents overheating, and prolongs the service life of various components of the system.

[0039] Second embodiment

[0040] See also Figures 4 to 9 On the basis of the first embodiment, the present invention further provides an electric vehicle power control system, wherein the support assembly 101 further comprises two clamping plates 201 and two support springs 202, the two clamping plates 201 are slidably connected to the housing 105 and are located on both sides of the connecting wire group 107, and the support springs 215 are correspondingly arranged between the clamping plates 201 and the housing 105. The connecting wires can be conveniently supported by the clamping plates 201, thereby reducing the opening size of the connecting wire group 107, thereby preventing external impurities from entering through the opening.

[0041] The clamping plate 201 has a handle 203 , and the handle 203 is disposed on the outer side of the clamping plate 201 .

[0042] The handle 203 disposed on the outside of each clamp 201 allows operators to easily adjust or disassemble the clamp 201 without the need for special tools, thereby greatly improving the convenience of operation.

[0043] The support frame 106 includes a frame body 204, a support rod 205 and a fixing bolt 206. The support rod 205 is fixed in the housing 105. The frame body 204 is fixedly connected to the support rod 205 and is located on the top of the support rod 205. The control panel 108 is arranged on the frame body 204, and the fixing bolt 206 passes through the control panel 108 and is connected to the frame body 204.

[0044] The support frame 106 is composed of a frame body 204, a support rod 205 and a fixing bolt 206, wherein the support rod 205 is firmly fixed in the housing, and the frame body 204 is located on the top of the support rod 205 and connected thereto by the fixing bolt 206, providing a stable installation platform for the control board 108. This layout not only enhances the structural strength, but also facilitates heat dissipation and maintenance.

[0045] The control board 108 includes a power supply unit 207, a microprocessor 208, a pulse width modulation unit 209, a power device driving unit 210, a signal acquisition and processing unit 211 and an interface unit 212; the power supply unit 207 is used to convert the high-voltage direct current of the electric vehicle into the stable low-voltage direct current required by the controller 115; the microprocessor 208 is used to process input signals from various sensors; the pulse width modulation unit 209 is used to generate a pulse signal according to the instruction of the microprocessor 208 to control the power output of the motor; the power device driving unit 210 is used to switch under the control of the PWM signal to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing to the motor; the signal acquisition and processing unit 211 is used to collect signals from the turning handle, the brake handle, and the motor Hall sensor, and convert these analog signals into digital signals for processing by the microprocessor 208; the interface unit 212 is used to connect to the connecting wire group 107.

[0046] The functional module division of the control board 108 demonstrates the high level of integration and intelligence of the system. The power supply unit 207 is responsible for voltage conversion, providing a stable energy basis for the controller 115; the microprocessor 208 is the core, efficiently processing various sensor data; the pulse width modulation unit 209 (PWM) accurately controls the motor output to achieve efficient power regulation; the power device drive unit 210 responds to the PWM signal and finely controls the motor current; the signal acquisition and processing unit 211 ensures the accurate conversion and processing of the input signal; and the interface unit 212 ensures the effective communication between the control board 108 and external devices.

[0047] The heat dissipation assembly 103 further includes a sealing ring 213 , which is fixedly connected to the heat dissipation plate 110 and is located between the heat dissipation plate 110 and the housing 105 .

[0048] The sealing ring 213 is added to improve the sealing between the heat sink 110 and the housing 105, effectively isolating the intrusion of external dust and moisture, and protecting the internal components.

[0049] The fixing buckle 111 includes two clamping plates 214 and two supporting springs 202. The two clamping plates 214 are slidably connected to the housing 105 and are located on both sides of the heat sink 110. The two supporting springs 215 are arranged on one side of the two clamping plates 214. Two protrusions are arranged on the heat sink 110 corresponding to the clamping plates 214. When the heat sink 110 is installed, the position of the heat sink 110 can be fixed by the combination of the protrusions and the clamping plates 214, making the installation more convenient.

[0050] The heat dissipation assembly 103 further includes a partition net 216 , and the partition net 216 is disposed outside the first fan 113 .

[0051] The addition of the partition net 216 effectively blocks foreign matter from entering the fan, thereby maintaining unimpeded airflow.

[0052] The heat dissipation assembly 103 further includes a data acquisition unit 217, a control unit 218 and an alarm unit 219. The data acquisition unit 217 is used to acquire the temperature data of the temperature sensor 114, the control unit 218 is used to control the power of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group 109 based on the temperature data, and the alarm unit 219 is used to issue an alarm when the temperature data exceeds the threshold. The data acquisition unit 217 is closely connected with the temperature sensors 114 distributed around the control board 108. These sensors continuously collect the temperature information of the control board 108 and its surrounding environment, and transmit these real-time data to the data acquisition unit 217. The unit adopts high-precision analog-to-digital conversion technology to convert the continuously changing analog temperature signal into a digital signal, ensuring the accuracy and real-time performance of data transmission, and providing a solid foundation for subsequent intelligent decision-making. The control unit 218 can quickly analyze the current temperature conditions and dynamically adjust the power output of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group 109 according to the preset safe temperature range and the actual temperature change trend. This process includes precise PWM (pulse width modulation) control, which adjusts the cooling efficiency of the cooling plate by changing the width of the current pulse, thereby efficiently controlling the transfer of heat, ensuring that the control board 108 operates within the most suitable temperature range, and avoiding performance degradation or system damage caused by overheating. When the temperature data fed back by the data acquisition unit 217 exceeds the pre-set safety threshold, the alarm unit 219 responds immediately and triggers a series of warning mechanisms. This may include but is not limited to sound and light alarms and sending warning information to the operation interface.

[0053] Third embodiment

[0054] See also Fig.10Based on the first embodiment, the present invention further provides an electric vehicle power control method, comprising:

[0055] S301 controls the power of the electric vehicle through the control board 108;

[0056] The advanced control panel 108 technology is used to comprehensively and accurately manage the power system of the electric vehicle. The control panel 108 integrates multiple functional modules, including but not limited to power management, motor drive control, and user command processing. It can receive operation signals from the driver (such as acceleration and braking commands), and output corresponding control signals accordingly to adjust the power output of the motor, achieve smooth acceleration, efficient energy recovery and accurate driving speed control, thereby optimizing the performance and endurance of the electric vehicle.

[0057] S302 The temperature sensor 114 detects the temperature of the control board 108, and when the temperature exceeds a preset value, the controller 115 starts the semiconductor refrigeration plate group 109 to perform cooling;

[0058] The operating temperature of the control board 108 is continuously monitored by a highly sensitive temperature sensor 114. Once it is detected that the temperature of the control board 108 exceeds the preset safety threshold, this abnormal situation will be immediately fed back to the central controller 115. The controller 115 then activates the built-in semiconductor cooling chip group 109, which is an efficient and fast cooling method. The semiconductor cooling chip generates a temperature difference between two surfaces through electronic principles, absorbing heat on one side (i.e., the hot end near the control board 108) and dissipating heat on the other side, effectively reducing the temperature of key components and preventing system failure or performance degradation caused by overheating.

[0059] S303 dissipates heat from the hot end of the semiconductor cooling plate group 109 by using the first fan 113 .

[0060] In order to enhance the cooling effect and quickly discharge the heat generated by the semiconductor cooling sheet, the method uses the first fan 113 for active heat dissipation. The fan is carefully arranged near the hot end of the semiconductor cooling sheet group 109, and uses wind power to accelerate the flow of hot air and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The speed of the fan can be automatically adjusted according to the actual working state of the cooling sheet and the ambient temperature, which not only ensures sufficient heat dissipation capacity, but also avoids unnecessary energy consumption.

[0061] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle power control system, characterized in that: It includes a support component, a control component and a heat dissipation component. The support component includes a mounting plate and a shell. The shell is fixedly connected to the mounting plate and is located on the top of the shell. The control component includes a support frame, a connecting wire group and a control board. The support frame is fixedly connected to the shell and is located in the shell. The control board is arranged on one side of the support frame, and the connecting wire group is connected to the control board. The heat dissipation component includes a semiconductor refrigeration sheet group, a heat dissipation plate, a fixing buckle, a heat conduction layer, a first fan, a temperature sensor and a controller. There is an opening at the bottom of the shell. The heat dissipation plate is arranged in the opening. The semiconductor refrigeration sheet group is arranged on the heat dissipation plate. The fixing buckle is arranged in the shell. The heat conduction layer is arranged between the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group and the control board. The first fan is arranged at the bottom of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet group. The temperature sensor is arranged on one side of the control board, and the controller is connected to the temperature sensor.

2. An electric vehicle power control system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly also includes two clamping plates and two support springs. The two clamping plates are slidably connected to the shell and are located on both sides of the connecting line group. The support springs are correspondingly arranged between the clamping plates and the shell.

3. An electric vehicle power control system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The splint has a handle, which is arranged on the outer side of the splint.

4. An electric vehicle power control system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The support frame includes a frame body, a support rod and a fixing bolt, the support rod is fixed in the shell, the frame body is fixedly connected to the support rod and is located on the top of the support rod, the control board is arranged on the frame body, and the fixing bolt passes through the control board and is connected to the frame body.

5. An electric vehicle power control system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The control board includes a power supply unit, a microprocessor, a pulse width modulation unit, a power device driving unit, a signal acquisition and processing unit and an interface unit; The power supply unit is used to convert the high-voltage direct current of the electric vehicle into the stable low-voltage direct current required by the controller; The microprocessor is used to process input signals from various sensors; The pulse width modulation unit is used to generate a pulse signal according to the instruction of the microprocessor, so as to control the power output of the motor; The power device driving unit is used to switch under the control of the PWM signal to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing to the motor; The signal acquisition and processing unit is used to collect signals from the throttle, brake handle, and motor Hall sensor, and convert these analog signals into digital signals for processing by the microprocessor; The interface unit is used to connect to the connection line group.

6. An electric vehicle power control system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The heat dissipation assembly also includes a sealing ring, which is fixedly connected to the heat dissipation plate and is located between the heat dissipation plate and the housing.

7. An electric vehicle power control system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The fixing buckle includes two card plates and two supporting springs. The two card plates are slidably connected to the shell and are located on both sides of the heat sink. The two supporting springs are arranged on one side of the two card plates. Two protrusions are arranged on the heat sink corresponding to the card plates.

8. A method for controlling power of an electric vehicle, applied to a power control system of an electric vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that Including: controlling the power of the electric vehicle through a control panel; The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the control panel. When the temperature exceeds the preset value, the controller starts the semiconductor refrigeration chip group to cool down. The first fan is used to dissipate heat from the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration plate group.

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