Pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing and fire fighting linkage system and method for energy storage power station

Abstract

The invention discloses a pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing and fire-fighting linkage system and method for an energy storage power station, and aims to solve the problem that fire extinguishing requirements such as rapid open fire extinguishing, continuous cooling and explosion suppression cannot be met through an existing fire extinguishing method. The system comprises an energy storage cabin; each energy storage room for storing the battery clusters in the energy storage cabin is an independent fireproof subarea, a fan, a plurality of composite detectors and a control valve are mounted in each subarea, and an audible and visual alarm, a fire alarm bell and an emergency start-stop switch are mounted on the outer wall of each subarea; the upper side of each pack box panel of the battery cluster is provided with two round holes, one round hole is provided with a fire detector, and the other round hole is provided with a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline. According to the invention, the independence of the system in each subarea is ensured, the safety redundancy of one-use and one-standby alternate linkage of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device is realized, and the reliability of the fire extinguishing device is improved; the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved, and reliability and economical efficiency are achieved at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire protection of energy storage power stations, and specifically relates to a liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system and method for pack-level and space-level centralized energy storage power stations. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries are currently the main solution in my country's electrochemical energy storage field due to their high energy density, high efficiency, and long life. However, when lithium batteries are subjected to external abuse such as high temperature overheating, puncture and extrusion, overcharge and over-discharge, they will induce thermal runaway of the battery, release a large amount of heat and smoke, and have a high fire hazard. Especially in large-scale centralized energy storage power stations, lithium batteries are highly dense and energy is highly concentrated. Once thermal runaway occurs, it is very easy to cause large-scale chain fires or even explosions. Therefore, effective fire extinguishing technologies and methods are crucial to ensure the safe operation of electrochemical energy storage power stations.

[0003] At present, lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations mostly use gaseous fire extinguishing agents represented by perfluorohexanone and heptafluoropropane and water-based fire extinguishing agents represented by fine water mist. However, their fire extinguishing effects are limited, and they cannot achieve fire extinguishing requirements such as rapid extinguishing of open flames, continuous cooling and suppression of explosions, and cannot completely cut off the chemical reaction inside the battery and curb the progress and impact of battery combustion. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system and method for pack level and space level of energy storage power station, which has both reliability and economy while improving fire extinguishing efficiency. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system of the energy storage power station pack level and space level, including the energy storage cabin; Each energy storage room storing battery clusters inside the energy storage cabin is an independent fire protection partition, and a fan, a plurality of composite detectors and a control valve are installed inside the partition, and an audible and visual alarm, a fire alarm and an emergency start-stop switch are installed on the outer wall of the partition; Two circular holes are provided on the upper side of the panel of each pack box of the battery cluster, one of which is provided with a fire detector, and the other is provided with a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline, an automatic quick-opening valve is provided in the middle of the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline, and a fire-extinguishing nozzle is provided at the end of the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline; A fire-fighting gas cylinder room is provided on each side of the energy storage cabin, and a liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing device is installed in the fire-fighting gas cylinder room; one side of the fire-fighting device is a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, and the other side is a liquid nitrogen tank; an air inlet, a liquid outlet and a liquid replenishing port are provided on the top of the liquid nitrogen tank; an air outlet pipeline is connected to the top of the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, and one end of the air outlet pipeline is connected to a pressure reducing valve; one end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to a solenoid valve, and one end of the solenoid valve is connected to the air inlet at the top of the liquid nitrogen tank; the liquid outlet at the top of the liquid nitrogen tank is connected to the liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline of the corresponding partition, and the liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline passes through the top of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device, and one end of the liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline is connected to a solenoid valve, and one end of the solenoid valve is connected to a steering; one end of the steering valve is connected to a space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline, and the other end is connected to a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline, and a plurality of fire-extinguishing nozzles are installed on the space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline; The space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline of each fire-proof zone is connected to the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting main pipeline, and a solenoid valve is installed at the pipeline connection; The detector and the liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing device are connected to a fire alarm host, and the detector is provided with a graded early warning mechanism.

[0005] According to the above technical solution, the fire is extinguished using the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system and method of the pack level and space level of the energy storage power station. The steps of the fire extinguishing method are as follows: Step 1: Perform space-level or pack-level fire extinguishing protection according to the early warning signals of each detector in the lithium battery energy storage power station; Step 2: trigger the control unit to start the sound and light alarm, fan or liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing device through the fire alarm host; the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device can also be manually controlled through the emergency start and stop switch; Step 3: Linkage control of the solenoid valve, steering valve on the liquid nitrogen fire main pipe in the corresponding partition and the automatic quick opening valve on the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipe to transport the liquid nitrogen to the corresponding space-level fire pipeline or pack-level fire pipeline; Step 4: The fire extinguishing nozzle is activated to spray liquid nitrogen to extinguish the fire; Step 5. When the pressure of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing host in the corresponding partition decreases or fails, start another liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device and open the solenoid valve at the connection of the corresponding space-level fire-fighting pipeline or pack-level fire-fighting pipeline to continue spraying liquid nitrogen to extinguish the fire.

[0006] Furthermore, the space-level fire extinguishing logic in step 1 is as follows: (1) When the control host detects that a detector sends a first-level warning signal, that is, the battery temperature is abnormal or some flammable gas is generated, the host will start the sound and light alarm and exhaust fan in the protection zone and output an alarm signal to the external system. At this time, the system is in a warning state; (2) When the control host detects a secondary warning signal, the host will be in a delayed start state; after the delay ends, the sound and light alarm will be activated, the exhaust fan will be turned off, and the partition solenoid valve and liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device A corresponding to the energy storage room will be activated to extinguish the space fire; the delay time can be set through the controller; (3) When the control host detects that one detector is in the third-level alarm state and at least two detectors are in the first-level alarm state or above, the system determines that the battery has started to catch fire; at this time, the control host will start the sound and light alarm, turn off the exhaust fan, start the solenoid valve and liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device A corresponding to the room to extinguish the fire; at the same time, the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device B on the other side will switch to the preparatory working state. When the liquid nitrogen pressure in device A drops to a certain value, the control host will start the solenoid valve and fire extinguishing device B on the other side of the room to continue to spray liquid nitrogen to protect the room.

[0007] Furthermore, the pack-level fire extinguishing logic in step 1 is as follows: (1) When the pack-level detector is in the first-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system and the exhaust fan; at this time, the control host will not start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire; (2) When the pack-level detector is in the second-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system, shut down the exhaust fan, and start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device for pulse spraying; (3) When the pack-level detector is in the third-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system, shut down the exhaust fan and start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device for continuous spraying. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by connecting the space-level and pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipelines in adjacent energy storage rooms or partitions and controlling them with solenoid valves, the present invention not only ensures the independence of the systems in each partition, but also realizes the safety redundancy of one-in-one and one-in-standby liquid nitrogen fire-fighting devices in alternating linkage, thereby improving the reliability of the fire-fighting devices; by setting a space-level and pack-level graded early warning response mechanism and a fire-fighting strategy, including sequential use of the space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting device and pulse spraying of liquid nitrogen by the pack-level second-level early warning and continuous spraying of liquid nitrogen by the third-level early warning, false alarms and redundant responses are reduced, and resource utilization efficiency and fire-fighting effectiveness are improved; the present invention has both reliability and economy while improving fire-fighting efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0009] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system of the pack level and space level of the power station of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system of a single battery cluster in the energy storage cabin of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the work flow of the fire extinguishing method in the present invention.

[0010] Description of reference numerals: 1. Energy storage cabin; 2. Energy storage room; 3. Fire cylinder room; 4. Liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing device; 5. High-pressure nitrogen cylinder; 6. Liquid nitrogen tank; 7. Air inlet; 8. Liquid outlet; 9. Liquid replenishment port; 10. Air outlet pipeline; 11. Pressure reducing valve; 12 Solenoid valve; 13. Liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline; 14. Battery pack; 15. Steering valve; 16. Space-level liquid nitrogen fire pipeline; 17. Pack-level liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline; 18. Space-level liquid nitrogen fire pipeline fire extinguishing nozzle; 19. Fire detector; 20. Pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipeline; 21. Automatic quick opening valve; 22. Pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipeline fire extinguishing nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] Example 1 like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution, a liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system of a pack level and a space level of an energy storage power station, comprising an energy storage cabin 1; Each energy storage room 2 storing battery clusters inside the energy storage cabin 1 is an independent fire protection partition. Two circular holes are opened on the upper side of the panel of each pack 14 of the battery cluster. A fire detector 19 is installed in one circular hole, and a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipeline 20 is arranged in the other circular hole. An automatic quick opening valve 21 is installed in the middle of the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipeline 20, and a fire extinguishing nozzle 22 is installed at the end of the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipeline 20; There is a fire-fighting gas cylinder room 3 on each side of the energy storage cabin 1, and each gas cylinder room 3 is equipped with a liquid nitrogen explosion suppression fire extinguishing device 4. One side of the fire extinguishing device 4 is a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 5, and the other side is a liquid nitrogen tank 6. The top of the liquid nitrogen tank 6 is provided with an air inlet 7, a liquid outlet 8 and a liquid replenishing port 9. The top of the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 5 is connected to an air outlet pipeline 10, one end of the air outlet pipeline 10 is connected to a pressure reducing valve 11, one end of the pressure reducing valve 11 is connected to a solenoid valve 12, and one end of the solenoid valve 12 is connected to the air inlet 7 on the top of the liquid nitrogen tank 6. The liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device is driven by high-pressure nitrogen. The liquid outlet 8 at the top of the liquid nitrogen tank 6 is connected to a liquid nitrogen fire main line 13 of the corresponding partition, and the liquid nitrogen fire main line 13 passes through the top of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device 4. One end of the liquid nitrogen fire main line 13 is connected to a solenoid valve 12, and one end of the solenoid valve 12 is connected to a steering valve 15 for controlling the flow direction of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing medium. One end of the steering valve 15 is connected to a space-level liquid nitrogen fire pipeline 16, and the other end is connected to a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire main line 17. A plurality of fire extinguishing nozzles 18 are installed on the space-level liquid nitrogen fire pipeline 16; The space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline 16 and the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting main pipeline 17 of each fire protection zone are connected, and a solenoid valve 12 is installed at the pipeline connection. When a liquid nitrogen fire-fighting host fails or the pressure decreases, another liquid nitrogen fire-fighting device can be controlled to be linked for protection, so as to ensure the reliability of the fire-fighting device and improve the fire-fighting efficiency.

[0013] Embodiment 2: like Figure 3 As shown, the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage method of the pack level and the space level of the energy storage power station includes the following steps: Step 1: The fire alarm host receives the alarm signals from each detector; Step 2: The fire alarm host starts the sound and light alarm and the fan in the corresponding partition according to the actual alarm signal. The high-pressure nitrogen bottle 5 enters the liquid nitrogen tank 6 from the air inlet 7 through the pressure reducing valve 11 and the solenoid valve 12. Driven by the high-pressure nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen enters the fire main line 13 from the liquid outlet 8; Step 3: The liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing medium in the fire main pipeline 13 enters the space-level liquid nitrogen fire pipeline 16, the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline 17 and the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipeline 20 of the corresponding partition through the solenoid valve 14 and the diverter valve 15; Step 4: The fire extinguishing nozzle 18 of the space-level fire-fighting pipeline or the fire extinguishing nozzle 22 of the pack-level fire-fighting branch pipeline 20 is actuated to spray liquid nitrogen for fire extinguishing; Step 5: When the pressure of the host of the corresponding partition liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device 4 decreases or fails, the fire alarm host starts another liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device 4 in conjunction with the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device 4. The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device 4 enters the space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline 16, the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting main pipeline 17 and the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline 20 of the corresponding fire room through the solenoid valve 12, and continues to extinguish the fire until the fire is extinguished.

[0014] The space-level alarm and fire extinguishing logic in step 1 is as follows: (1) When the control host detects that a detector sends a first-level warning signal, that is, the battery temperature is abnormal or some flammable gas is generated, the host will start the sound and light alarm and exhaust fan in the protection zone and output an alarm signal to the external system. At this time, the system is in a warning state; (2) When the control host detects a secondary warning signal, the host will be in a delayed start state. After the delay ends, the sound and light alarm will be activated, the exhaust fan will be turned off, and the partition solenoid valve corresponding to the energy storage room and the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device A will be activated to extinguish the space fire. The delay time can be set through the controller; (3) When the control host detects that one detector is in the third-level alarm state and at least two detectors are in the first-level alarm state or above, the system determines that the battery has started to catch fire. At this time, the control host will start the sound and light alarm, turn off the exhaust fan, start the solenoid valve and liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device A corresponding to the room to extinguish the fire in the space. At the same time, the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device B on the other side will switch to the preparatory working state. When the liquid nitrogen pressure in device A drops to a certain value, the control host will start the solenoid valve and fire extinguishing device B on the other side of the room to continue to spray liquid nitrogen to protect the room.

[0015] The pack-level alarm and fire extinguishing logic in step 1 is as follows: (1) When the pack-level detector is in the first-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system and the exhaust fan. At this time, the control host will not start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire; (2) When the pack-level detector is in the second-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system, shut down the exhaust fan, and start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device for pulse spraying; (3) When the pack-level detector is in the third-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system, shut down the exhaust fan and start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device for continuous spraying. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. The liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system of the pack level and space level of the energy storage power station is characterized by: Including energy storage compartment; Each energy storage room storing battery clusters inside the energy storage cabin is an independent fire protection partition, and a fan, a plurality of composite detectors and a control valve are installed inside the partition, and an audible and visual alarm, a fire alarm and an emergency start-stop switch are installed on the outer wall of the partition; Two circular holes are provided on the upper side of the panel of each pack box of the battery cluster, one of which is provided with a fire detector, and the other is provided with a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline, an automatic quick-opening valve is provided in the middle of the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline, and a fire-extinguishing nozzle is provided at the end of the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting branch pipeline; A fire-fighting gas cylinder room is provided on each side of the energy storage cabin, and a liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing device is installed in the fire-fighting gas cylinder room; one side of the fire-fighting device is a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, and the other side is a liquid nitrogen tank; an air inlet, a liquid outlet and a liquid replenishing port are provided on the top of the liquid nitrogen tank; an air outlet pipeline is connected to the top of the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, and one end of the air outlet pipeline is connected to a pressure reducing valve; one end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to a solenoid valve, and one end of the solenoid valve is connected to the air inlet at the top of the liquid nitrogen tank; the liquid outlet at the top of the liquid nitrogen tank is connected to the liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline of the corresponding partition, and the liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline passes through the top of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device, and one end of the liquid nitrogen fire main pipeline is connected to a solenoid valve, and one end of the solenoid valve is connected to a steering; one end of the steering valve is connected to a space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline, and the other end is connected to a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline, and a plurality of fire-extinguishing nozzles are installed on the space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline; The space-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting pipeline of each fire-proof zone is connected to the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire-fighting main pipeline, and a solenoid valve is installed at the pipeline connection; The detector and the liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing device are connected to a fire alarm host, and the detector is provided with a graded early warning mechanism.

2. Fire extinguishing is carried out using the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing linkage system of the pack level and space level of the energy storage power station as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of this fire extinguishing method are as follows: Step 1: Perform space-level or pack-level fire extinguishing protection according to the early warning signals of each detector in the lithium battery energy storage power station; Step 2: trigger the control unit to start the sound and light alarm, fan or liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing device through the fire alarm host; the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device can also be manually controlled through the emergency start and stop switch; Step 3: Linkage control of the solenoid valve, steering valve on the liquid nitrogen fire main pipe in the corresponding partition and the automatic quick opening valve on the pack-level liquid nitrogen fire branch pipe to transport the liquid nitrogen to the corresponding space-level fire pipeline or pack-level fire pipeline; Step 4: The fire extinguishing nozzle is activated to spray liquid nitrogen to extinguish the fire; Step 5. When the pressure of the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing host in the corresponding partition decreases or fails, start another liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device and open the solenoid valve at the connection of the corresponding space-level fire-fighting pipeline or pack-level fire-fighting pipeline to continue spraying liquid nitrogen to extinguish the fire.

3. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The space-level fire extinguishing logic in step 1 is as follows: (1) When the control host detects that a detector sends a first-level warning signal, that is, the battery temperature is abnormal or some flammable gas is generated, the host will start the sound and light alarm and exhaust fan in the protection zone and output an alarm signal to the external system. At this time, the system is in a warning state; (2) When the control host detects a secondary warning signal, the host will be in a delayed start state; after the delay ends, the sound and light alarm will be activated, the exhaust fan will be turned off, and the partition solenoid valve and liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device A corresponding to the energy storage room will be activated to extinguish the space fire; the delay time can be set through the controller; (3) When the control host detects that one detector is in the third-level alarm state and at least two detectors are in the first-level alarm state or above, the system determines that the battery has started to catch fire; at this time, the control host will start the sound and light alarm, turn off the exhaust fan, start the solenoid valve and liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device A corresponding to the room to extinguish the space fire; at the same time, the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device B on the other side will switch to the preparatory working state. When the liquid nitrogen pressure in device A drops to a certain value, the control host will start the solenoid valve and fire extinguishing device B on the other side of the room to continue to spray liquid nitrogen to protect the room.

4. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The pack-level fire extinguishing logic in step 1 is as follows: (1) When the pack-level detector is in the first-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system and the exhaust fan; at this time, the control host will not start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire; (2) When the pack-level detector is in the second-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system, shut down the exhaust fan, and start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device for pulse spraying; (3) When the pack-level detector is in the third-level warning state, the control host will start the sound and light alarm system, shut down the exhaust fan and start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device for continuous spraying.

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