Space dust detection camera system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of space environment detection, in particular to a space dust detection camera system, which comprises an acquisition device, a dust deposition plate and an image analysis platform, and is characterized in that the acquisition device is arranged right above the dust deposition plate and is used for acquiring optical signals and images of dust particles on the dust deposition plate; the acquisition device comprises a camera shooting unit, an optical lens unit and an LED spectrum lamp which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the image analysis platform is electrically connected with the camera shooting unit. According to the invention, in-situ comprehensive detection of the particle size, morphology and components of the space dust is realized, the system integration degree is high, the detection precision is high, the collection area and the inspection area are large, and multiple important characteristics of the space dust can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of space environment detection, and in particular, to a space dust detection camera system. Background Art

[0002] According to astronomical observations, dust is ubiquitous in the solar system and the entire Milky Way, such as interstellar space dust, circumstellar medium, interplanetary space dust, coma and planetary atmospheres. Comprehensive detection and research on dust characteristics, using sensors to obtain in-situ measurement data, can answer a series of major scientific questions, such as the formation and evolution of the solar system, the source of water on Earth, etc. At the same time, data on the impact of space dust on deep space probes can be obtained. Therefore, the detection of interstellar dust characteristics is not only of great scientific significance, but also of great engineering significance.

[0003] At present, a series of space dust detection missions have been carried out internationally, and a large amount of interstellar dust detection data have been obtained. Interstellar dust detection technology has also been gradually updated and upgraded. In the lunar dust detection mission that has been implemented in my country, the accumulated amount of lunar dust on the lunar surface has been measured.

[0004] Space dust is divided according to its speed. The speed of comet dust or dust suspended on the lunar surface is generally a few meters per second to tens of meters per second, which is low-speed dust. Relatively speaking, the speed of interplanetary dust is faster. Therefore, the detection of the characteristics of interstellar dust requires the use of detectors based on different principles. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a space dust detection camera system, which uses a high-resolution multi-spectral camera to perform in-situ comprehensive detection of space dust characteristics.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present application provides a space dust detection camera system, including a collection device, a dust deposition plate and an image analysis platform, wherein: the collection device is arranged directly above the dust deposition plate, for collecting optical signals and images of dust particles on the dust deposition plate; the collection device includes a camera unit, an optical lens unit and an LED spectrum light connected in sequence from top to bottom; the image analysis platform is electrically connected to the camera unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the camera unit is a CMOS image sensor with effective pixels ≥ 50 million.

[0008] Furthermore, the camera unit is provided with a focusing structure, which can inspect any designated point within a 10cm×10cm area and produce clear images.

[0009] Furthermore, the optical lens unit is an object-side telecentric optical lens with a resolution of ≥3 μm and a single imaging field of view of 10 mm×10 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the LED spectrum lamp is a plurality of groups of LED lamp beads with different spectrum bands, which are evenly arranged around the optical lens unit along a ring.

[0011] Furthermore, the wavelength range of the LED spectrum light is 380nm-1000nm.

[0012] Furthermore, the substrate of the dust deposition plate is an aluminum alloy, and a silver black layer is evaporated on the substrate or an aerogel is arranged.

[0013] Furthermore, the dust deposition plate is installed on a translation mechanism, and driven by the translation mechanism, a horizontal displacement within a 10 cm×10 cm area is achieved.

[0014] Furthermore, a flipping mechanism is provided on the dust deposition plate, and driven by the flipping mechanism, the dust deposition plate can be flipped up and down.

[0015] Furthermore, the image analysis platform is internally provided with dust image analysis software, which includes a dust particle size extraction module, a morphology analysis module and a spectral comparison module, and is used to extract, process and display the particle size, morphology and composition information of the dust particles deposited on the dust deposition plate.

[0016] The space dust detection camera system provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This application uses a dust deposition plate with a special coating to decelerate and deposit space dust particles, uses a multi-spectral LED light to illuminate the dust particles on the dust deposition plate, and can obtain the composition information of the dust according to the different reflection spectra of the dust surface. The camera unit is used to magnify and image the deposited dust particles, and the parameters of the particle size and morphology of the deposited dust can be obtained. The entire camera system realizes the in-situ comprehensive detection of the particle size, morphology and composition of space dust. The system has high system integration, high detection accuracy, large collection area and inspection area, and can obtain multiple important characteristics of space dust. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application, so that other features, purposes and advantages of this application become more obvious. The schematic embodiment drawings and their descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a space dust detection camera system provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a translation mechanism provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an LED spectrum lamp provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 is a morphology image of calcium feldspar particles under green light (520 nm) illumination provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 is a morphology image of carbon particles under green light (520 nm) illumination provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] In the figure: 1-camera unit, 2-optical lens unit, 3-LED spectrum lamp, 31-lamp beads, 4-dust deposition plate, 5-image analysis platform, 6-translation mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0027] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0028] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two or more.

[0030] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a space dust detection camera system, including a collection device, a dust deposition plate 4 and an image analysis platform 5, wherein: the collection device is arranged directly above the dust deposition plate 4, and is used to collect optical signals and images of dust particles on the dust deposition plate 4; the collection device includes a camera unit 1, an optical lens unit 2 and an LED spectrum light 3 connected in sequence from top to bottom; and the image analysis platform 5 is electrically connected to the camera unit 1.

[0032] Specifically, the space dust detection camera system provided in the embodiment of the present application is mainly for the in-situ comprehensive detection of dust particles with a particle size range of 10μm-1mm. Among them, the dust deposition plate 4 is used to collect and deposit dust particles to be detected; the collection device includes a camera unit 1, an optical lens unit 2 and an LED spectrum lamp 3, and the camera unit 1 and the optical lens unit 2 are used to magnify and image the dust particles on the dust deposition plate 4, so as to obtain the particle size and morphology related parameters of the deposited dust particles. Subsequently, according to the high-definition imaging of the dust particles, the particle shape, surface porosity, and solid particles or micro-particle aggregates and other morphological parameters can be obtained; the LED spectrum lamp 3 is used to illuminate the dust particles on the dust deposition plate 4, and the composition information of the dust can be obtained according to the different reflection spectra of the dust surface. Using the space dust detection camera system provided in the embodiment of the present application, it is possible to realize the in-situ comprehensive detection of the particle size, morphology and composition of space dust particles.

[0033] Furthermore, the camera unit 1 is a CMOS image sensor with effective pixels ≥ 50 million.

[0034] Furthermore, the camera unit 1 is provided with a focusing structure, which can inspect any designated point within a 10cm×10cm area and produce clear images.

[0035] Specifically, the camera unit 1 is used to collect imaging light signals of deposited dust particles. The image sensor of the camera unit 1 is preferably a CMOS type, which has the advantages of small size and low power consumption. The target surface of the image sensor adopts a global shutter, and the pixel size is 3.2μm×3.2μm, which ensures high quantum conversion efficiency, effective pixels ≥50 million, and realizes the imaging field of view of a single image. In addition, the camera unit 1 adopts ultra-high-speed 10G network transmission to facilitate subsequent image data collection, has an external trigger working mode, and the exposure time, gain and other parameters are adjustable. The combination of multiple parameters can achieve the system's limit resolution index; at the same time, an F interface is provided to achieve seamless cooperation with the optical lens unit 2.

[0036] Furthermore, the optical lens unit 2 is an object-side telecentric optical lens with a resolution of ≥3μm and a single imaging field of view of 10mm×10mm. The optical lens unit 2 mainly realizes the image guidance of the target optical signal in the imaging area to the camera unit 1 (image sensor), and adopts an object-side telecentric optical path with low optical distortion; the optical lens unit 2 preferably has the following parameters: magnification 2X, F interface, aperture F4.0, object-side field of view 11.2mm×11.2mm, single depth of field better than 0.3mm, and resolution 3.0μm.

[0037] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the LED spectrum lamp 3 is a plurality of groups of LED lamp beads 31 of different spectrum bands, which are evenly arranged in a ring around the optical lens unit 2. In the embodiment of the present application, the LED spectrum lamp 3 preferably has 6 lamp beads 31 as a group and is evenly distributed in the ring frame, and the entire ring frame is preferably provided with 8 groups of LED spectrum lamps 3. After the front end of the LED spectrum lamp bead 31 is scattered, uniform illumination in the imaging area can be achieved.

[0038] Furthermore, the wavelength range of the LED spectrum lamp 3 is 380nm-1000nm. In the embodiment of the present application, the LED spectrum lamp 3 is preferably composed of 6 LED lamp beads 31 with different wavelengths, and the lamp beads 31 preferably use 6 typical light bands, namely 380nm, 460nm, 520nm, 650nm, 850nm and 1000nm.

[0039] Specifically, the LED spectrum lamp 3 is used to evenly illuminate the dust particles on the dust deposition plate 4. After illumination, it will reflect light of a specific wavelength, and the reflected light enters the optical lens unit 2. Subsequently, the image analysis platform 5 is used to obtain the composition information of the dust according to different reflection spectra. The switch control unit of the LED spectrum lamp 3 is connected to the LED lamp bead 31. The switch unit can control the switch of the 6 LED lamp beads 31 with different wavelengths. The lamp beads 31 of one band can be turned on separately, or the lamp beads 31 of different bands can be turned on at the same time to perform spectrum superposition, so as to achieve coaxial uniform illumination of the dust particles.

[0040] Furthermore, the substrate of the dust deposition plate 4 is an aluminum alloy, and a silver black layer is evaporated or an aerogel is arranged on the substrate. The dust deposition plate 4 is used to deposit micrometer-level and millimeter-level dust particles. According to the dust of different speeds, the surface coating is selected. The surface of the dust deposition plate 4 can be evaporated with a silver nanolayer, and then oxidized to blacken it to form a silver black layer to deposit low-speed dust such as comets, moons, and asteroids, or a layer of aerogel with a specific density and thickness is arranged to deposit high-speed interplanetary dust.

[0041] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, the dust deposition plate 4 is mounted on the translation mechanism 6, and driven by the translation mechanism 6, a horizontal (X, Y direction) displacement within a 10cm×10cm area is achieved. The translation mechanism 6 is preferably a telescopic rod structure, and its maximum stroke is preferably 200mm; when in the dust particle collection mode, the dust deposition plate 4 is in the space dust environment, and dust particles can be deposited on both its upper and lower surfaces; when in the dust particle characteristic detection mode, the dust deposition plate 4 will translate to the bottom of the collection device, thereby realizing the collection of dust particle images and reflection spectra.

[0042] Furthermore, a flipping mechanism is provided on the dust deposition plate 4, and driven by the flipping mechanism, the dust deposition plate 4 can be flipped up and down. The dust deposition plate 4 can also be flipped up and down by the flipping mechanism, so that the dust particles deposited on the upper and lower surfaces of the dust deposition plate 4 can be observed, thereby increasing the receiving area of ​​the dust particles.

[0043] Furthermore, the image analysis platform 5 is internally provided with dust image analysis software, which includes a dust particle size extraction module, a morphology analysis module and a spectral comparison module, and is used to extract, process and display the particle size, morphology and composition information of the dust particles deposited on the dust deposition plate 4.

[0044] Specifically, the image analysis platform 5 provides a Windows operating system environment, which is mainly used for centralized acquisition and data processing of the signals of the camera unit 1, centralized display of the final processed signals, and has a data storage function; the image analysis platform 5 develops software and algorithm modules based on C++ through Visual Studio 2017 to realize the establishment of a dust image analysis software system. The dust image analysis software includes three modules: (1) The dust particle size extraction module has the functions of image clarity evaluation, image edge enhancement and target autonomous segmentation; the image clarity evaluation unit mainly evaluates the clarity of the imaging of deposited dust particles and achieves the highest clarity imaging through the focusing function; the image edge enhancement unit mainly searches for the edge of particle imaging and enhances the edge contrast; the target autonomous segmentation unit mainly tracks along the edge of dust particles and finally extracts the particle size information of the dust; (2) The morphology analysis module analyzes the shape, surface porosity and morphological parameters such as solid particles or microparticle aggregates of the particles through the acquired high-definition dust particle images; (3) The spectral comparison module can obtain the reflection spectral signal of the spatially deposited dust in the illumination area, and realizes the extraction, processing and display of the component information of the dust particles deposited on the dust deposition plate 4 by collecting the spectral signal reflected from the surface of the dust particles and then comparing it with the spectrum in the element spectrum database.

[0045] More specifically, Figure 4-5 As shown, this is a particle morphology diagram displayed by the embodiment of the present application. It can be seen that the space dust detection camera system provided by the embodiment of the present application has the advantages of high system integration, comprehensive functions and high detection accuracy. A dust deposition plate 4 with a special coating is used to decelerate and deposit and collect space dust particles. A multi-spectral LED lamp is used to illuminate the dust particles on the dust deposition plate 4. The composition information of the dust can be obtained according to the different reflection spectra of the dust surface. The camera unit 1 is used to magnify and image the deposited dust particles, and the parameters of the particle size and morphology of the deposited dust can be obtained, thereby realizing the in-situ comprehensive detection of the particle size, morphology and composition of space dust particles.

[0046] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A space dust detection camera system, characterized in that: It includes a collection device, a dust deposition plate and an image analysis platform, wherein: The collecting device is arranged directly above the dust deposition plate and is used to collect optical signals and images of dust particles on the dust deposition plate; The acquisition device includes a camera unit, an optical lens unit and an LED spectrum lamp connected in sequence from top to bottom; The image analysis platform is electrically connected to the imaging unit.

2. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camera unit is a CMOS image sensor with effective pixels ≥ 50 million.

3. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The camera unit is provided with a focusing structure, which can inspect any designated point within a 10cm×10cm area and produce clear images.

4. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical lens unit is an object-side telecentric optical lens with a resolution of ≥3 μm and a single imaging field of view of 10 mm×10 mm.

5. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The LED spectrum lamps are a plurality of groups of LED lamp beads with different spectrum bands, which are evenly arranged around the optical lens unit along a ring.

6. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The wavelength range of the LED spectrum lamp is 380nm-1000nm.

7. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate of the dust deposition plate is an aluminum alloy, and a silver black layer is evaporated or an aerogel is arranged on the substrate.

8. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dust deposition plate is mounted on a translation mechanism, and driven by the translation mechanism, realizes horizontal displacement within a 10 cm×10 cm area.

9. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dust deposition plate is provided with a flipping mechanism, and driven by the flipping mechanism, the dust deposition plate can be flipped up and down.

10. The space dust detection camera system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The image analysis platform is internally provided with dust image analysis software, which includes a dust particle size extraction module, a morphology analysis module and a spectrum comparison module, and is used to extract, process and display the particle size, morphology and composition information of the dust particles deposited on the dust deposition plate.

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