Mechanized desertification prevention and control process suitable for plateau alpine environment geological conditions

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical desertification control, and discloses a mechanical desertification prevention and control process suitable for plateau alpine environment geological conditions, which comprises the following steps: S1, investigating a desertification prevention area through a rocker technology, and comprehensively evaluating the land of the desertification prevention area in combination with the investigation report of investigation personnel and the number of the investigation personnel, obtaining comprehensive planting data G of the district, and grading different districts according to the comprehensive planting data; s2, bulldozing equipment is used for preparing a foundation of the land, a land leveler is used for leveling the soil surface, and then an excavator is used for digging holes in the earth surface. According to the method, different areas are graded by adopting a rocker technology and survey of survey personnel, so that the areas with relatively high grades can be used for planting seedlings, and healthy and strong seedlings can be planted in the areas with relatively low grades, and the survival rate of the seedlings can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanized sand control, and more specifically to a mechanized sand blocking and sand control process suitable for use in high-altitude and cold geological conditions. Background Art

[0002] Comprehensive measures are taken to manage bare sand, including fencing, mechanical land preparation, laying grass grid sand barriers, planting trees, planting forage grass, filling loam, fertilization and personnel management, etc. First, according to the distribution of sand, fences are built and the areas are reasonably divided. On the basis of enclosure, mechanical land preparation is carried out, grass grid sand barriers are laid, and then suitable shrub species and native forage grasses (such as Elymus ovata and oats) are planted to form a shrub and grass space configuration. Finally, fermented cattle and sheep manure is applied to achieve the purpose of vegetation restoration.

[0003] Common methods for controlling land desertification include fencing and natural recovery, grass grids to fix sand and plant grass, and tree seedlings, all of which have good control effects. The main problem with controlling desertification is the high cost, of which labor costs account for a large proportion. According to the process, soil restoration, organic matter improvement, sowing, fertilization and other tasks must be completed separately. Each process requires human intervention, which leads to an increase in the overall cost of control.

[0004] The existing patent discloses a mechanized sand control equipment and method suitable for plateau areas (publication number CN111264119A), the equipment includes a crawler mobile platform, a sowing mechanism installed on the front side of the crawler mobile platform and a spraying mechanism installed on the rear side of the crawler mobile platform, and a controller is integrated in the crawler mobile platform; the method includes the following steps: 1. calculating the seed sowing depth; 2. calculating the hourly spraying amount; 3. calculating the number of refraction nozzles; 4. installing the spot sowing unit; 5. installing the refraction nozzle; 6. running the sand control equipment. The present invention is suitable for desertification control scenes under various operating conditions such as mountains, hills and grasslands by setting a plurality of spot sowing machines that can move up and down independently, and uses the surface sand as an isolation layer between seeds and improvers. In the technology disclosed in the patent, the same method of planting and sowing is used for different landforms and soils with different moisture content in the plateau area, which makes the planting in different areas have a large growth deviation. For soils with serious water loss, due to insufficient irrigation, it is often difficult for seedlings to survive. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanized sand prevention and control process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions, which solves the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, more specifically, a mechanized sand prevention and control process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions is provided, comprising the following steps: S1. Use rocker technology to investigate the sand blocking area, and make a comprehensive assessment of the land in the sand blocking area in combination with the survey report of the surveyors, and make appropriate irrigation strategies; S2. Use bulldozers to prepare the foundation of the land and use graders to level the surface of the soil, and then use excavators to dig holes on the surface; S3. Mark the pits dug by the excavator according to each area through surface monitoring equipment, and record the digging time of the pits in each area; S4. Surveyors conduct random sampling tests on the pits in each excavated area to investigate the moisture content and moisture loss rate of the soil pits after excavation; S5. Plant the saplings row by row using a combination of a planting machine and manual sowing, and the ground monitoring equipment records the planting time of the saplings in each area again; S6. Use mechanized means to build infiltration irrigation facilities in the sand-blocking area. Each infiltration irrigation unit of the infiltration irrigation facility irrigates the seedlings in one area, and each infiltration irrigation unit is individually equipped with an electric control valve; S7. Use geographic information systems and meteorological systems to collect data on the plateau sand-blocking areas and analyze environmental changes in the sand-blocking areas; S8. Combined with the environmental changes in the sand-blocking area and the level division of different areas, quantitative irrigation is carried out in each area of ​​the sand-blocking area through a mechanized irrigation network system.

[0007] Furthermore, in S1, the specific process of using the joystick technology and surveyors to comprehensively evaluate the land in the sand blocking area is as follows: 1) First, the rocker technology is used to make a grade index for the sand-blocking area based on the annual average precipitation and average rainwater evaporation in the sand-blocking area; 2) The grade index made by the surveyors based on the groundwater content and groundwater depth in the sand blocking area; 3) Through the cooperation of rocker technology and surveyors, appropriate or frequent irrigation strategies can be formulated for different areas.

[0008] Furthermore, the rocker technology provides a comprehensive score for the sand blocking area: Among them, M represents the comprehensive score of the sand-blocking area made by the rocker technology based on the annual average precipitation and average rainwater evaporation in the sand-blocking area. It indicates the median wind speed in the sand blocking area affected by temperature;

[0009] in, represents the average monthly precipitation, It indicates the air pressure at the highest temperature in the sand-blocking area of ​​the month. It indicates the air pressure at the lowest temperature in the sand-blocking area of ​​the month. It indicates the wind speed at the highest temperature in the sand-blocking area that month. It indicates the wind speed in the sand-blocking area at the lowest temperature of the month; At this time, Wherein, C represents the grade index of the sand blocking area obtained by the rocker technology.

[0010] Furthermore, the surveyors calculated the comprehensive grade index based on the groundwater content and groundwater depth in the sand blocking area: Among them, P represents the grade index made by the surveyors for the sand blocking area, and k represents the influence of the underground river depth on the comprehensive grade index; In the formula, Indicates the groundwater content (unit %), Indicates the depth of the underground river (in meters).

[0011] Furthermore, according to the comprehensive grade index of the sand blocking area made by the surveyors and the grade index of the sand blocking area made by the rocker technology, the comprehensive planting data of the area can be obtained. The comprehensive planting data are: Among them, G represents the comprehensive planting data evaluation base; P represents the grade index of the sand-blocking area made by the surveyors; k represents the influence of the underground river depth on the comprehensive grade index; and C represents the grade index of the sand-blocking area made by the joystick technology.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the comprehensive planting data of different areas, different areas can be divided into: Comprehensive planting data of the area When , the area is a properly irrigated area; Comprehensive planting data of the area , this area is a frequently watered area.

[0013] Furthermore, by recording the planting time of each area, the growth status of the seedlings in each area can be recorded, and the consistency of its growth status with the comprehensive planting level of the area can be recorded.

[0014] Furthermore, quantitative irrigation is carried out according to the level of the area to which each electric control valve belongs. Irrigation through mechanical irrigation facilities does not change the value of groundwater content, but only increases the precipitation value of the area. The comprehensive planting data of the area is improved through quantitative irrigation.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the mechanized sand blocking and sand control process of the present invention, which is suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions, are as follows: 1. The present invention uses rocker technology and surveys by surveyors to grade different areas, so that relatively high-grade areas can be used to plant seedlings, while lower-grade areas can be used to plant vigorous seedlings, which can effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings.

[0016] 2. The present invention ensures that the planting data of each area is maintained in a relatively balanced range by dividing the areas into different levels and mechanized quantitative irrigation of different areas, so as to maximize the conservation of water resources in plateau areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0018] Figure 1 This is the process flow chart of mechanical sand blocking; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sand blocking area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0020] like Figure 1 - 2, according to one aspect of the present invention, a mechanized sand control process suitable for high altitude and cold geological conditions is provided, which mainly includes: Step 1: Land preparation. Land preparation is divided into comprehensive land preparation and partial land preparation. Comprehensive land preparation is suitable for sand dunes without native vegetation. The method is to use high-power machinery (such as bulldozers) to flatten the sand dunes, and then use partial land preparation methods to manage them. The purpose is to reduce the resistance of the windward side of the sand dunes, so as to facilitate large-scale construction and protect the roots of seedlings and forage grass.

[0021] Step 2: Planting of grass grids. Mechanical sand barriers are combined with biological sand barriers. Grass grid sand barriers are made of materials such as wheat straw, barley grass, straw, oats and weeds on the sand surface. They are effective sand fixation measures to reduce wind speed and fix surface quicksand. First, build grass grids to fix quicksand to control or change the direction, speed and structure of wind and sand to achieve the purpose of wind and sand prevention. The specifications of the grass grid are 1*1 meter. The method is to draw a ditch parallel to the main belt and perpendicular to the main wind direction (sub-belt). The ditch is 20 cm wide and 5-10 cm deep. The wheat straw is laid flat vertically in the ditch with a thickness of 5-6 cm. Loam mixed with grass seeds and cattle and sheep manure and farmyard manure is pressed in the middle of the wheat straw. Then, a shovel or sand scraper is used to push sand from the outside of the wheat straw to the grass grid. The wheat grass is exposed 15 cm above the ground. The sub-belt must be well connected with the main belt to prevent it from being blown away by the wind at the gap, affecting the sand fixation effect. The amount of grass used is about 1.2-2 kg / square meter.

[0022] Step 3: Planting and irrigation. Plant local shrubs such as dense-toothed willow, mountain willow, and sand willow that are more than 2 years old in the grass grid sand barrier. The above tree species have strong resistance to adversity and are suitable for the high-altitude and windy climate conditions in Maqu. They grow rapidly, have a long lifespan, a well-developed root system, can play a good role in sand fixation, are easy to reproduce, and have good regeneration ability. At the same time, this seedling has the advantages of strong growth, low mortality, easy rooting and easy transportation. The planting density is 667 plants / mu, 2-3 years old, and the planting depth is controlled between 30-50 cm. First fill the roots of the seedlings with cattle and sheep manure, farmyard manure and soil. When backfilling to about 3 cm from the ground, sow mixed grass seeds, and then backfill cattle and sheep manure, farmyard manure and soil and compact them. The soil should be buried and compacted during planting, and finally watered and irrigated. In the second year, replant according to the survival rate.

[0023] Step 4, fertilization. The bare sand soil condition is poor, and various nutrients are lacking. Reasonable fertilization can not only promote the survival and growth of cultivated shrubs and grasses, but also effectively improve the internal environmental conditions of the soil. Since the sand dunes are sandy soils with poor fertilizer retention capacity, their fertilization should be mainly cattle and sheep manure and farmyard manure. The application of organic fertilizers can not only improve the regeneration ability of pasture, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of grassland soil. Therefore, reasonable fertilization is very important for vegetation restoration. Fertilization is carried out by mixing cattle and sheep manure farmyard manure and loam in proportion. The cattle and sheep manure farmyard manure should be fermented and decomposed, stirred and crushed to improve the fertilizer efficiency and avoid leaving manure blocks on the grassland to affect the growth of pasture. Fertilization is carried out in tree holes for cultivated shrubs, and strip application is carried out in the ditch after trenching for planting pasture. The amount of cattle and sheep manure farmyard manure is about 1,000 kg / mu.

[0024] Step 5: Soil improvement. Bare sand is all sandy soil with poor soil conditions and poor water retention capacity. Soil improvement can not only promote the survival and growth of cultivated shrubs and grasses, but also effectively improve the internal environmental conditions and water retention capacity of the soil, and at the same time improve the physical and chemical properties of grassland soil. Soil improvement uses soil and cattle and sheep manure and farmyard manure mixed in proportion and then mixed and applied. It is mainly used for shrub cultivation by applying it in tree holes, and for planting forage grass by digging trenches and applying it in strips in the trenches. The soil application rate is about 2,000 kg / mu.

[0025] Step 6: Artificial grass planting. On the basis of planting grass in the grass grid and in the tree hole, drill sowing is carried out in the grass grid with a row spacing of 33 cm. Perennial grass seeds and annual grass seeds are mixed. The grass seeds of drooping spikelet account for 2 / 3 and the grass seeds of oats account for 1 / 3. The depth of drill sowing is between 5 and 10 cm. After the mixed grass seeds are sown, a certain amount of loam and cattle and sheep manure are filled in, and finally filled with sand. According to the survival rate of forage grass, re-seeding is carried out in the same period of the second year.

[0026] Step 7: Fencing and maintenance.

[0027] like Figure 1 - As shown in Figure 2, a mechanized sand control process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions includes the following steps: Step 1: Use the rocker technology to investigate the sand blocking area, and make a comprehensive assessment of the land in the sand blocking area in combination with the survey report of the surveyors, and make an appropriate irrigation strategy; Step 2: Use bulldozers to prepare the foundation of the land and use graders to level the surface of the soil, and then use excavators to dig holes on the surface; Step 3: Use surface monitoring equipment to mark the pits dug by the excavator according to each area, and record the digging time of the pits in each area; Step 4: The surveyors conduct random sampling tests on the pits in each excavated area to investigate the moisture content and moisture loss rate of the soil pits after excavation; Step 5. Use a mixed method of planting machines and manual sowing to plant the seedlings row by row, and the ground monitoring equipment records the planting time of the seedlings in each area again. By recording the planting time of each area, the growth status of the seedlings in each area can be recorded, and the consistency of its growth status with the comprehensive planting level of the area can be recorded.

[0028] Step six: Use mechanized means to build infiltration irrigation facilities in the sand-blocking area. Each infiltration irrigation unit of the infiltration irrigation facility irrigates the saplings in an area, and each infiltration irrigation unit is individually equipped with an electric control valve. Quantitative irrigation is carried out according to the grade of the area to which each electric control valve belongs. Irrigation through mechanical irrigation facilities does not change the value of the groundwater content, but only increases the precipitation value of the area. Quantitative irrigation is used to improve the comprehensive planting data of the area.

[0029] Step 7: Use geographic information systems and meteorological systems to collect data on the plateau sand-blocking areas and analyze environmental changes in the sand-blocking areas; Step 8. Combine the environmental changes in the sand-blocking area with the level division of different areas to quantitatively irrigate each area in the sand-blocking area through a mechanized irrigation network system.

[0030] By using joystick technology and surveyors to divide different areas into grades, relatively higher grade areas can be used to plant seedlings, while lower grade areas can be used to plant vigorous seedlings, which can effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings.

[0031] In step 1 of this embodiment, the specific process of using the rocker technology and survey personnel to comprehensively evaluate the land in the sand blocking area is as follows: S1. First, the rocker technology is used to make a grade index for the sand blocking area based on the annual average precipitation and average rainwater evaporation in the sand blocking area; S2. Surveyors make a comprehensive evaluation report on the groundwater content and groundwater depth in the sand blocking area; S3. Through the cooperation of rocker technology and surveyors, appropriate or frequent irrigation strategies are formulated for different areas.

[0032] In this embodiment, the rocker technology provides a comprehensive score for the sand blocking area: Among them, M represents the comprehensive score of the sand-blocking area made by the rocker technology based on the annual average precipitation and average rainwater evaporation in the sand-blocking area. It indicates the median wind speed in the sand blocking area affected by temperature; in, represents the average monthly precipitation, It indicates the air pressure at the highest temperature in the sand-blocking area of ​​the month. It indicates the air pressure at the lowest temperature in the sand-blocking area of ​​the month. It indicates the wind speed at the highest temperature in the sand-blocking area that month. It indicates the wind speed in the sand-blocking area at the lowest temperature of the month; At this time, Wherein, C represents the grade index of the sand blocking area obtained by the rocker technology.

[0033] When using the rocker technology to monitor the plateau sand blocking area X1, there are: Precipitation in sand-blocking area X1 It is 650, the air pressure at the highest temperature in the sand blocking area , the air pressure at the lowest temperature in the sand blocking area , wind speed at the highest temperature in the sand blocking area m / s, wind speed at the lowest temperature in the sand blocking area m / s, then we have: And there are: At this time, the sand blocking area X1 uses the joystick technology to determine the grade index of the sand blocking area. .

[0034] In this embodiment, the survey personnel calculate the comprehensive grade index based on the groundwater content and groundwater depth in the sand blocking area in the following process: Among them, P represents the grade index made by the surveyors for the sand blocking area, and k represents the influence of the underground river depth on the comprehensive grade index; In the formula, Indicates the groundwater content (unit %), Indicates the depth of the underground river (in meters).

[0035] After the surveyors conducted a survey on the sand blocking area X1, they found: The underground water content of the land in this area , the area The depth of the underground river is 35 meters. At this time, the influence of the depth of the underground river on the comprehensive grade index is , and there are: That is, the surveyor takes the grade index of the sand blocking area made by the surveyor of the area X1 as .

[0036] In this embodiment, according to the comprehensive grade index of the sand blocking area made by the surveyors and the grade index of the sand blocking area made by the rocker technology, the comprehensive planting data of the area can be obtained, and the comprehensive planting data includes: Among them, G represents the comprehensive planting data evaluation base; P represents the grade index of the sand-blocking area made by the surveyors; k represents the influence of the underground river depth on the comprehensive grade index; and C represents the grade index of the sand-blocking area made by the joystick technology.

[0037] In addition, according to the comprehensive planting data of different areas, different areas can be divided into: Comprehensive planting data of the area When , the area is a properly irrigated area; Comprehensive planting data of the area , this area is a frequently watered area.

[0038] From the above monitoring of the sand blocking area X1, we can know that the survey personnel made a grade index for the sand blocking area. The influence of underground river depth on the comprehensive grade index is The rocker technology determines the grade index of the sand blocking area. , then we have: At this time, the comprehensive planting data evaluation base of sand blocking area X1 is It can be seen from this that the sand blocking area X1 needs to be irrigated frequently.

[0039] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized sand control process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Use rocker technology to investigate the sand blocking area, and make a comprehensive assessment of the land in the sand blocking area in combination with the survey report of the surveyors, and make appropriate irrigation strategies; S2. Use bulldozers to prepare the foundation of the land and use graders to level the surface of the soil, and then use excavators to dig holes on the surface; S3. Mark the pits dug by the excavator according to each area through surface monitoring equipment, and record the digging time of the pits in each area; S4. Surveyors conduct random sampling tests on the pits in each excavated area to investigate the moisture content and moisture loss rate of the soil pits after excavation; S5. Plant the saplings row by row using a combination of a planting machine and manual sowing, and the ground monitoring equipment records the planting time of the saplings in each area again; S6. Use mechanized means to build infiltration irrigation facilities in the sand-blocking area. Each infiltration irrigation unit of the infiltration irrigation facility irrigates the seedlings in one area, and each infiltration irrigation unit is individually equipped with an electric control valve; S7. Use geographic information systems and meteorological systems to collect data on the plateau sand-blocking areas and analyze environmental changes in the sand-blocking areas; S8. Combined with the environmental changes in the sand-blocking area and the level division of different areas, quantitative irrigation is carried out in each area of ​​the sand-blocking area through a mechanized irrigation network system.

2. The mechanized sand control and sand prevention process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S1, the specific process of using the joystick technology and survey personnel to comprehensively evaluate the land in the sand blocking area is as follows: 1) First, the rocker technology is used to make a grade index for the sand-blocking area based on the annual average precipitation and average rainwater evaporation in the sand-blocking area; 2) The grade index made by the surveyors based on the groundwater content and groundwater depth in the sand blocking area; 3) Through the cooperation of rocker technology and surveyors, appropriate or frequent irrigation strategies can be formulated for different areas.

3. The mechanized sand prevention and control process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The comprehensive scores of the rocker technology for the sand blocking area are: Among them, M represents the comprehensive score of the sand-blocking area made by the rocker technology based on the annual average precipitation and average rainwater evaporation in the sand-blocking area. It indicates the median wind speed in the sand blocking area affected by temperature; in, represents the average monthly precipitation, It indicates the air pressure at the highest temperature in the sand-blocking area of ​​the month. It indicates the air pressure at the lowest temperature in the sand-blocking area of ​​the month. It indicates the wind speed at the highest temperature in the sand-blocking area that month. It indicates the wind speed in the sand-blocking area at the lowest temperature of the month; At this time, Wherein, C represents the grade index of the sand blocking area obtained by the rocker technology.

4. The mechanized sand control and sand prevention process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The survey personnel calculated the comprehensive grade index based on the groundwater content and groundwater depth in the sand blocking area in the following process: Among them, P represents the grade index made by the surveyors for the sand blocking area, and k represents the influence of the underground river depth on the comprehensive grade index; In the formula, Indicates the groundwater content (unit %), Indicates the depth of the underground river (in meters).

5. The mechanized sand control and sand prevention process applicable to high altitude and cold geological conditions according to claim 4 is characterized in that: According to the comprehensive grade index of the sand blocking area made by the surveyors and the grade index of the sand blocking area made by the rocker technology, the comprehensive planting data of the area can be obtained. The comprehensive planting data are: Among them, G represents the comprehensive planting data evaluation base; P represents the grade index of the sand-blocking area made by the surveyors; k represents the influence of the underground river depth on the comprehensive grade index; and C represents the grade index of the sand-blocking area made by the joystick technology.

6. The mechanized sand control and sand prevention process applicable to high altitude and cold geological conditions according to claim 5 is characterized in that: According to the comprehensive planting data of different areas, different areas can be divided into: Comprehensive planting data of the area When , the area is a properly irrigated area; Comprehensive planting data of the area , this area is a frequently watered area.

7. The mechanized sand control and sand prevention process suitable for high-altitude and cold geological conditions according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S5, by recording the planting time of each area, the growth status of the seedlings in each area can be recorded, and the consistency of the growth status with the comprehensive planting level of the area can be recorded.

8. The mechanized sand control and sand prevention process suitable for high altitude and cold geological conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S6, quantitative irrigation is performed according to the grade of the area to which each electric-controlled valve belongs. Irrigation by mechanical irrigation facilities does not change the value of groundwater content, but only increases the precipitation value of the area. The comprehensive planting data of the area is improved by quantitative irrigation.

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