Solar photovoltaic module and packaging method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic module and a packaging method thereof.The solar photovoltaic module comprises first transparent glass, second transparent glass and a battery, and the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass are arranged in an up-down spaced mode and form a closed vacuum space; the first transparent glass and / or the second transparent glass are / is provided with the battery, and the battery is located in the vacuum space. The vacuum space is arranged between the two transparent glass layers, the battery is subjected to vacuum packaging, the good water vapor isolation, oxygen isolation and heat insulation effects are achieved, the battery is effectively protected, and recycling is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic component packaging, and in particular to a solar photovoltaic component and a packaging method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solar cells are devices that collect sunlight and perform photovoltaic conversion. Since solar cells can convert solar energy into electrical energy, the manufacturing cost of electricity can be greatly reduced. Therefore, solar cells have been widely used in various fields of people's lives and production.

[0003] Traditional double-glass solar cell packaging uses two pieces of glass and a layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or polyolefin elastomer (POE) film. After the photovoltaic module is pressed together by lamination, butyl glue is applied around the double-glass interlayer as a side sealant.

[0004] For traditional first- and second-generation solar cells, whether it is monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, thin-film amorphous silicon, or GaAs, InP, copper indium gallium selenide CIGS, cadmium telluride CdTe and other thin-film photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic conversion materials themselves are relatively stable to water vapor, and butyl rubber can basically meet the water and oxygen isolation protection functions of the wires and electrodes. However, butyl rubber cannot withstand the long-term harsh test of the outdoor environment, and generally cannot meet the 30-year outdoor service life requirement of solar cells. For perovskite solar cells, due to the instability of perovskite to water, the water-proof and airtight packaging and service life of the battery module are far beyond the affordability of butyl rubber.

[0005] In view of the above situation, the current solar cell packaging structure needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a solar photovoltaic module, which has excellent water vapor isolation, oxygen isolation and heat insulation effects and is conducive to recycling.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A solar photovoltaic component comprises a first transparent glass, a second transparent glass and a battery. The first transparent glass and the second transparent glass are arranged in an upper and lower interval to form a closed vacuum space. The battery is arranged on the first transparent glass and / or the second transparent glass, and the battery is located in the vacuum space.

[0009] Furthermore, the edge of the first transparent glass and the edge of the second transparent glass are sealed and connected by an alloy, thereby forming a closed vacuum space.

[0010] Furthermore, the periphery of the alloy sealing layer formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass is filled with protective glue.

[0011] Furthermore, the protective rubber is one of butyl rubber, PIB and silica gel.

[0012] Furthermore, the vacuum degree of the vacuum space is ≤100 Pa.

[0013] Furthermore, the batteries are arranged on both the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, a vacuum isolation gap is formed between the two batteries, and at least one of the two batteries is a transparent battery.

[0014] Furthermore, the transparent cell is a transparent perovskite solar cell.

[0015] Furthermore, the vacuum space is filled with a getter.

[0016] The solar photovoltaic module provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. By setting a vacuum space between two transparent glass layers, the battery is vacuum packaged, which has good water vapor, oxygen and heat insulation effects, effectively protecting the battery and preventing battery decomposition.

[0018] 2. The prior art often uses a sandwich structure to encapsulate solar cells, that is, the solar cell modules arranged in a matrix in series or parallel are set between the upper and lower cover plates (usually two pieces of glass or glass + back film), and the adhesive film (usually 6-10 layers are required, with a thickness of 3-6mm) is filled around the battery sheet between the upper and lower substrates. The battery module is bonded to the upper and lower cover plates by laminating, heating and curing the adhesive layer filling material. The solar photovoltaic module of the present invention adopts vacuum packaging, and there is no need to fill the vacuum space with adhesive film, which saves costs and is conducive to recycling.

[0019] 3. Use alloy packaging and add protective glue on the outside of the alloy to prevent alloy oxidation and ensure the long-term stability of the alloy performance to form a good seal. The alloy plus the protective glue form two seals to ensure the sealing of the vacuum space, achieve water-proof and airtight packaging, and effectively protect the battery.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for packaging a solar photovoltaic module, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1, placing batteries on both the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, and performing metallization treatment on the edges of the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass;

[0022] S2, placing the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass in correspondence with each other up and down, and aligning the metalized edges, and then welding and packaging, so that a closed space is formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, and the batteries are all located in the space;

[0023] S3, the electrodes of the battery are led out and the enclosed space is evacuated and sealed to obtain a vacuum space.

[0024] Furthermore, the periphery of the alloy sealing layer formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass is filled with protective glue.

[0025] The solar photovoltaic module encapsulated by the above encapsulation method has good water vapor, oxygen and heat insulation effects, effectively protects the battery, and through alloy welding encapsulation, greatly saves the bonding area of ​​the organic layer, saves costs, and is conducive to recycling. If one of the cells is set to be transparent, both cells can receive the frontal irradiation of sunlight, achieving the effect of a laminated photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a solar photovoltaic assembly according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified partial view of a solar photovoltaic module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a solar photovoltaic component, including a first transparent glass 1, a second transparent glass 4 and a battery, wherein the first transparent glass 1 and the second transparent glass 4 are arranged at intervals up and down and form a closed vacuum space, and the battery is arranged on the first transparent glass 1 and / or the second transparent glass 4 (that is, the battery is arranged on the first transparent glass 1, or the battery is arranged on the second transparent glass 4, or the battery is arranged on both the first transparent glass 1 and the second transparent glass 4), and the battery is located in the vacuum space. By arranging a vacuum space between the two transparent glass layers, the battery is vacuum-encapsulated, which has good water vapor, oxygen and heat insulation effects, effectively protects the battery, and avoids battery decomposition. At the same time, the battery is located in the vacuum space, and a vacuum gap is formed between the upper and lower layers of batteries. Light passes through the upper battery and then enters the lower battery. The absorption loss in the vacuum environment is small, which can well ensure the power generation efficiency of the lower battery.

[0032] In this embodiment, the edge of the first transparent glass 1 and the edge of the second transparent glass 4 are sealed and connected by alloy 7 (one end of the two battery electrode lead wires 5 can extend from the alloy 7 to the outside of the vacuum space), thereby forming a closed vacuum space. It is preferred to use alloy 7 whose performance remains stable after long-term exposure to the sun and rain (for example, alloy 7 that is heat-resistant, not easy to age, does not produce deformation, and is corrosion-resistant) to ensure the packaging effect. Using alloy 7 for vacuum packaging does not require the overall coating of the organic layer, which is conducive to the recycling of solar photovoltaic modules, and saves the bonding area of ​​the organic layer, saving production costs.

[0033] In this embodiment, the periphery of the alloy 7 sealing layer formed between the first transparent glass 1 and the second transparent glass 4 is filled with protective glue. The protective glue is used to protect the alloy 7 sealing layer to prevent the alloy 7 encapsulation layer from being damaged. The protective glue and the alloy 7 sealing layer form a second seal for the vacuum space, further insulating heat, water vapor, and oxygen, and enhancing the sealing of the vacuum space. The protective glue includes but is not limited to butyl glue, PIB, and silica gel. Preferably, the protective glue is butyl glue. Butyl glue has low air permeability, good air tightness, and extremely low water permeability, forming a barrier to water vapor and oxygen for the vacuum space; it also has excellent heat resistance and invariance, and can maintain good sealing performance for a long time; and it has excellent characteristics of receiving vibration and impact energy, and forms good protection for the alloy 7 sealing layer. Alloy 7 and the protective glue form a second seal with good sealing performance. Therefore, the vacuum degree of the vacuum space can reach ≤0.1pa, achieving thermal insulation.

[0034] In this embodiment, batteries are arranged on both the first transparent glass 1 and the second transparent glass 4 (in the figure, the first battery 2 is arranged below the first transparent glass 1, and the second battery 3 is arranged above the second transparent glass 4), a vacuum isolation gap 6 is formed between the two batteries, and at least one of the two batteries is a transparent battery. In this way, sunlight can shine on the other battery after passing through one transparent battery, and both batteries can receive direct sunlight to achieve the effect of double-sided power generation. For example, the first battery 2 is arranged as a transparent battery to receive sunlight as the front side, and the second battery 3 is arranged as the back side to receive reflected light from the sunlight. The first transparent glass 1 and the second transparent glass 4 are preferably ultra-white glass with good light transmittance.

[0035] The two cells may be of the same or different types, wherein one cell is a transparent cell (e.g., a transparent perovskite solar cell), and the other cell may be a transparent cell or an opaque cell (e.g., a transparent perovskite solar cell, a thin-film solar cell, or a crystalline silicon solar cell, etc.).

[0036] In this example, it is preferred that both cells are transparent perovskite solar cells (in other embodiments, other types of transparent cells can also be used), which can be single-junction perovskite solar cells or multi-junction (greater than or equal to 2 junctions) perovskite tandem cells (not limited thereto). The prior art double-sided photovoltaic panels that use perovskite-perovskite tandem cells generally stack perovskite cells on the bottom perovskite cells, which are under laboratory research and development, with high technical difficulty and small laboratory research and development cell area. The solar photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment arranges two perovskite solar cells into two layers, upper and lower, by alloy welding packaging. Compared with direct stacking, it is less difficult to manufacture and can be arranged to a larger area.

[0037] Each battery may be a single cell or may include multiple cells. If multiple cells are included, each cell may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel.

[0038] The band gaps of the two cells may be the same or different, and preferably the band gaps of the two cells are different. For example, one of the cells absorbs sunlight in the ultraviolet to visible light spectrum as much as possible, and the other cell absorbs infrared light as much as possible. The band gap width range of the two cells is preferably 0 to 2.4 ev. The cell that receives sunlight from the front side can use a wide band gap (such as 1.3 ev to 1.6 ev), and the other cell, which serves as the second side receiving sunlight or as the back side receiving reflected light from sunlight, can use a band gap of 0.9 ev to 1.3 ev. The two cells are set to have different band gaps, and by differentially absorbing sunlight in a wider range of wavelengths, sunlight in the full spectrum can be absorbed as much as possible, reducing photon thermal losses.

[0039] In this embodiment, a vacuum isolation gap 6 of ≥0.01 mm and ≤1.0 mm is formed between the first battery and the second battery.

[0040] This embodiment also provides a packaging method for a solar photovoltaic module, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1, placing batteries on both the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, and performing metallization treatment on the edges of the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass;

[0042] S2, placing the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass in correspondence with each other up and down, and aligning the metalized edges, and then encapsulating them by alloy welding, so that a closed space is formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, and the batteries are all located in the space;

[0043] S3, the electrodes of the battery are led out and the enclosed space is evacuated and sealed to obtain a vacuum space.

[0044] Specifically, during the vacuum treatment, a vacuum hole can be opened on the first transparent glass or the second transparent glass or the alloy sealing layer obtained by alloy welding packaging to facilitate subsequent vacuum operations. At the same time, the lead-out electrode of the battery can also extend from the vacuum hole. After the vacuum treatment is completed, the vacuum hole is sealed to obtain a vacuum space.

[0045] Preferably, the packaging method further fills protective glue around the periphery of the alloy sealing layer formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass to enhance the sealing effect and protect the alloy.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] The difference between the solar photovoltaic assembly disclosed in this embodiment and the solar photovoltaic assembly disclosed in the first embodiment is that the vacuum space is filled with a proper amount (0.1 mg to 1000 g) of getter, so that the vacuum effect can be maintained for a longer time.

[0048] Embodiment 3

[0049] The difference between the solar photovoltaic assembly disclosed in this embodiment and the solar photovoltaic assembly disclosed in the first embodiment is that only one battery is arranged in the vacuum space, and the battery is arranged on the first transparent glass or on the second transparent glass, forming a solar photovoltaic assembly that absorbs light only on one side.

[0050] Embodiment 4

[0051] The difference between the solar photovoltaic assembly disclosed in this embodiment and the solar photovoltaic assembly disclosed in the first embodiment is that one of the cells serves as the front side to receive sunlight, and the other cell serves as the back side to receive reflected sunlight, forming a double-sided solar photovoltaic assembly, and any one of the cells can be transparent or opaque.

[0052] As described above, the embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first transparent glass, a second transparent glass and a battery. The first transparent glass and the second transparent glass are arranged in an upper and lower interval to form a closed vacuum space. The battery is arranged on the first transparent glass and / or the second transparent glass, and the battery is located in the vacuum space.

2. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the first transparent glass and the edge of the second transparent glass are sealed and connected via an alloy, thereby forming a closed vacuum space.

3. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The periphery of the alloy sealing layer formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass is filled with protective glue.

4. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protective rubber is one of butyl rubber, PIB and silica gel.

5. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vacuum degree of the vacuum space is ≤100 Pa.

6. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The batteries are arranged on both the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, a vacuum isolation gap is formed between the two batteries, and at least one of the two batteries is a transparent battery.

7. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transparent cell is a transparent perovskite solar cell.

8. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum space is filled with a getter.

9. A method for packaging a solar photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, placing batteries on both the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, and performing metallization treatment on the edges of the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass; S2, placing the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass in correspondence with each other up and down, and aligning the metalized edges, and then welding and packaging, so that a closed space is formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass, and the batteries are all located in the space; S3, the electrodes of the battery are led out and the enclosed space is evacuated and sealed to obtain a vacuum space.

10. The method for packaging a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The periphery of the alloy sealing layer formed between the first transparent glass and the second transparent glass is filled with protective glue.

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