Coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal seam tendency sinking type coal mining method, and particularly relates to the technical field of coal mining, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, arrangement of a transportation roadway and a return airway, S2, arrangement and mining mode of a working face, S3, function and structure of the transportation roadway, S4, function and support of the return airway, S5, mining face equipment and mining mode, and S6, mining face gas control. By reasonably arranging the transportation roadway, the air return roadway and the working face, the roadway quantity, sealing and ventilation facilities and the like are reduced, so that the accident rate is reduced, meanwhile, the rock tunneling quantity, the gangue mining quantity, the number of workers and the use of large machines can be reduced, the production cost is greatly reduced, the production capacity is improved, and the economic benefit is increased. The transportation and ventilation efficiency, the coal mining efficiency and the safety are improved, and the safety effect is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and more particularly to a coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the coal mining industry generally adopts the longwall retreat mining method, which is a method of mining from the boundary of the ore bed back to the tunnel. It is a kind of retreat mining. The working face of this mining method moves forward towards the auxiliary transportation tunnel, and has the advantages of strong production capacity and simple system.

[0003] However, this method also has many problems and disadvantages, such as:

[0004] 1. Tunnel development: For transportation, it is necessary to open a transport tunnel from the deep part of the original coal body, open a return air tunnel from the shallow part of the coal seam, and then open a cut to establish a working face. One level of development has a rock tunnel of several thousand meters to tens of thousands of meters, which leads to a large amount of rock mining, many safety hazards, a long construction period, and a high investment cost;

[0005] 2. Gas control: Since there are free gas and adsorbed gas in coal seams, there are gas pressure and ground stress in deep coal seams. Gas outbursts mainly come from above and in front of coal seams. The greatest risk of outbursts exists in fault structural zones. Gas pressure and ground stress are superimposed. Many mines have been unable to eliminate outbursts in fault structural zones after two years of coal seam extraction. Gas pressure is like a balloon, and ground stress is like a spring. Gas extraction can eliminate gas pressure, but it cannot eliminate ground stress. Gas over-limit is an accident. Therefore, many mines cannot eliminate outbursts when encountering fault structural zones, and can only stop mining. If the fault structural zone is not destroyed, ground stress cannot be eliminated, which is easy to cause danger to workers.

[0006] 2. Coal mining: Coal mining is difficult, resulting in high coal prices, which in turn leads to high costs of industrial production;

[0007] 3. Personnel management: A mine may have hundreds or even thousands of people, which results in high labor intensity, high difficulty in safety management, increasing safety costs, and difficulty in increasing efficiency;

[0008] 4. Mechanical equipment: A large number of large machines are used, and the investment in safe production is large;

[0009] 5. Mining face conditions: The length of the mining face is generally within 170m. The mining face is short. After the mining face is finished, there are many closed areas, water accumulation in the closed areas, toxic and harmful gases in the closed areas, etc., which cause many safety hazards;

[0010] 6. Overall system: factors such as many tunnels, ventilation facilities, and electromechanical equipment result in a high accident rate.

[0011] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method. Summary of the invention

[0012] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0013] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a coal seam inclined sinking mining method, which is applicable to gently inclined and steeply inclined coal seams, comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Arrange the transport lane and return air lane along the coal seam inclination angle (coal seam slope), and the transport lane and return air lane are located at each end of the coal seam at the mine boundary;

[0015] S2. Arrange the working face along the direction of the coal seam, the length of the working face is the length of the mine boundary, and mine downward along the inclination angle of the coal seam;

[0016] S3, transport lane is responsible for transporting coal and materials, and adopts anchor net spraying and steel beam support. The goaf area on the side of the mining face adopts grouting first, and then anchor net spraying and steel beam support. In the Shimen section, ensure that the lane is 15m 2 The semicircular arch section adopts the integration of machine and track. The rectangular section of the laneway in the inclination direction is 6.3m wide and 2.5m high. It is divided in the middle into a belt lane and a material transport lane. The main belt lane is 2m wide and 2.5m high, and the material transport lane is 3.5m wide and 2.5m high. The main belt lane transports coal, and the material transport lane transports materials to the working face. The transport lane also serves as an air intake lane.

[0017] S4, the return air lane is responsible for ventilation and pedestrians, the support method is the same as the transport lane support method, and pedestrian devices are installed;

[0018] S5, the mining face uses a belt conveyor, a hydraulic flexible shield support is installed on the steeply inclined coal seam, a turning belt is installed on the working face, the bottom plate side of the mining face support is fixed, and the coal mining machine uses an existing excavator loader to dig down to the belt;

[0019] S6. For gas control at the mining face, the existing surface electric pole drilling machine is modified with full hydraulic power and smaller size. A discharge hole with a diameter of 0.3m is arranged every 1m along the coal seam. The depth of each hole is 40m. A 10m lead distance is reserved and 30m is allowed. The discharge effect is that the daily wind-discharged gas volume (pure gas volume) is less than 15000m 3 , ensure that the gas concentration in the normal production working face shall not exceed 0.5%;

[0020] When the gas content is very high and it is impossible to exhaust the gas by air, the gas can be utilized:

[0021] Airtight doors (like permanent refuge chamber doors) are installed in the air intake and return air tunnels, which are open during normal production. When gas is being controlled, a drilling rig is installed for every meter of the coal mining face and fixed on the roof side support of the hydraulic support of the mining face. The discharge hole is first drilled to a lead distance of 10m, and then a 5m extension drill rod is installed. The mining face is evacuated → the air is stopped → the return air tunnel airtight door is closed → the air intake door is closed → the gas in the mining face is waited for to rise to more than 16% (controlled by underground monitoring probes) → the fully automatic hydraulic drilling rig is turned on to drill the discharge hole → the gas extraction pump is turned on → the gas generator set is turned on (according to calculation, 5 500KW generators can be turned on) → stop until the gas concentration is less than 5% → open the airtight door of the air intake tunnel → turn on the main fan → slowly open the airtight door of the return air tunnel (fully automatic, no manual operation) → resume normal ventilation and production.

[0022] Preferably, the pedestrian means vary according to the slope of the coal seam, including monkey cars and elevators.

[0023] Preferably, the gas control in the transport lane and the return air lane adopts the existing extraction method.

[0024] Preferably, for steeply inclined coal seams, 30m is allowed to be mined after 40m of control. If there is an adjacent coal seam with an interlayer distance of less than 10m, two working faces are opened at the same elevation, and gas is controlled and mined downward at the same time.

[0025] Preferably, it can be divided into horizontal mining, and the bottom plate transport tunnel and water tank, distribution room, refuge chamber and electromechanical chamber are arranged at an elevation of 100m to 150m, which are connected with the mining face transport tunnel and return air tunnel. The existing bottom plate extraction tunnel or bottom plate transport tunnel can be utilized. After the stone gate is opened to expose the coal, the working face can be arranged along the strike to mine downward. The mining face can be inclined from the return air tunnel to the transport tunnel with a slope of less than 18° for sinking mining.

[0026] Preferably, the coal mining face can be arranged from below the wind-oxidized zone on the surface and mined downwards, or a stone gate can be arranged from a horizontal floor transport tunnel or floor extraction tunnel in the mine and the coal mining face can be arranged along the direction of the coal seam and mined downwards.

[0027] Preferably, this method cannot be used for mining in mines with high water content in coal-bearing strata or high fissure water in the roof of the goaf.

[0028] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0029] 1. The present invention reduces the amount of tunnels, airtightness, ventilation facilities, etc. by improving the coal mining method and optimizing the system design, thereby reducing the possibility of accidents and significantly reducing the accident rate. It also reduces rock excavation, the amount of gangue mined, the number of laborers, the use of large machinery, etc., effectively reducing the input cost and significantly reducing the production cost. At the same time, it increases the length of the mining face, optimizes the working environment and system, and can improve the coal mining efficiency, thereby improving the production capacity;

[0030] 2. The present invention adopts targeted gas control measures, such as the specific drilling and discharge hole control method of the mining face. As long as there is no coal-free fault, causing the coal seam to disappear, the working face can produce normally. The working face is mined from top to bottom (gas is lighter than air), and it is only necessary to drill gas discharge holes and destroy the fault during downward mining, thereby eliminating fault stress and discharging gas with a large diameter, so that gas outburst will not occur, which greatly reduces the possibility of gas outburst, effectively improves the effect of gas control, reduces the number of tunnels, ventilation facilities, electromechanical equipment, etc., makes the entire coal mining system more concise and efficient, reduces labor intensity and the number of workers, improves work safety and comfort, and complies with the guiding ideology of fine mining of rich mines. While improving resource mining efficiency, it reduces resource waste and achieves sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The coal mining working face is arranged along the wind oxidation zone of the coal seam according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 The coal mining working face of the present invention is arranged along the existing mining level or the second level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The present invention provides a coal seam inclined sinking type coal mining method, which is applicable to gently inclined and steeply inclined coal seams, and comprises the following steps:

[0035] Coal seam layout: transport tunnels and return air tunnels are arranged along the coal seam dip angle (coal seam slope), one at each end of the coal seam trend at the mine boundary, and the working face is arranged along the coal seam trend. The length of the working face is the same as the length of the mine boundary, and mining is carried out downward along the coal seam dip angle;

[0036] Transport port: responsible for transporting coal and materials, using anchor net spraying and steel beam support, the goaf area on the side of the mining face is grouting first, then anchor net spraying and steel beam support, to ensure that the roadway is 15m in the Shimen section 2The semicircular arch section adopts the integration of machine and track. The rectangular section of the laneway in the inclination direction is 6.3m wide and 2.5m high. It is divided in the middle into a belt lane and a material transport lane. The main belt lane is 2m wide and 2.5m high, and the material transport lane is 3.5m wide and 2.5m high. The main belt lane transports coal (using the existing multi-functional belt conveyor, which can transport coal at 0 to 90 degrees), and the material transport lane uses a winch to transport materials to the working face. The transport lane also serves as an air intake lane.

[0037] Return air lane: responsible for ventilation and pedestrians, the support method is the same as that of the transport lane, and pedestrian devices are installed (depending on the slope of the coal seam, the pedestrian machinery is different, such as monkey cars, elevators, etc.);

[0038] Mining face: Install hydraulic flexible shielding support for steeply inclined coal seams (improved version, can be manually operated to move below the mining face, fully hydraulic, full support for the tunnel top), install turning belts on the working face, fix the bottom plate side of the mining face support, and use the existing excavator loader to dig down to the belt;

[0039] Gas control: The existing surface electric pole drilling machine is modified for gas control. It is fully hydraulically powered and smaller in size. A discharge hole with a diameter of 0.3m is arranged every 1m along the coal seam. The depth of each hole is 40m. A 10m lead distance is reserved and 30m is allowed. The discharge effect is based on the daily wind-discharged gas volume (pure gas volume) less than 15000m 3 , ensure that the gas concentration in the normal production working face shall not exceed 0.5%;

[0040] When the gas content is very high and it is impossible to exhaust the gas by air, the gas can be utilized:

[0041] Set up closed doors (like permanent refuge chamber doors) in the air intake and return air lanes, which are open during normal production. When gas is controlled, a drilling rig is installed for every meter of the coal mining face and fixed on the roof side support of the hydraulic support of the mining face. The discharge hole is first drilled to a distance of 10m ahead, and then a 5m extension drill rod is installed. The mining face is evacuated → the air is stopped → the return air lane closed door is closed → the air intake door is closed → the gas in the mining face is waited for to rise to more than 16% (controlled by the underground monitoring probe) → the fully automatic hydraulic drilling rig is turned on to drill the discharge hole → the gas extraction pump is turned on → the gas generator set is turned on (according to calculation, 5 500KW generators can be turned on) → stop until the gas concentration is less than 5% → open the air intake door → turn on the main fan → slowly open the return air lane closed door (fully automatic, no manual operation) → resume normal ventilation and resume production;

[0042] Mining method: It can be divided into horizontal mining. The bottom plate transportation lane and water tank, power distribution room, refuge chamber, electromechanical chamber, etc. are arranged at an elevation of 100m to 150m, which are connected with the mining face transportation lane and return air lane. The existing bottom plate extraction lane or bottom plate transportation lane can be used. After the stone gate is opened to expose the coal, the working face is arranged along the strike to mine downward. The mining face can be inclined from the return air lane to the transportation lane with a slope of less than 18° for sinking mining;

[0043] The coal mining face can be mined downwards from below the wind-oxidized zone on the surface, or it can be mined downwards from a horizontal floor transport tunnel or floor extraction tunnel in the mine after a stone gate is arranged and the coal mining face is arranged along the direction of the coal seam.

[0044] It should be noted that this method cannot be used for mining in mines with high water content in coal-bearing strata or large amounts of water in the roof fissures of the goaf.

[0045] The principle of the present invention is:

[0046] The transport lane and return air lane are arranged along the inclination angle of the coal seam. The transport lane is responsible for transporting coal, materials and air intake, while the return air lane is responsible for ventilation and pedestrians. The working face is arranged along the direction of the coal seam. The length of the working face is consistent with the length of the mine boundary. Mining is carried out downward along the inclination angle of the coal seam. The transport lane adopts anchor mesh spraying steel beam support. There are different cross-section designs in the stone gate section and the inclination direction section, which are used to transport coal and materials respectively. The main belt lane transports coal, and the material transport lane transports materials to the working face. The support method of the return air lane is the same as that of the transport lane. Pedestrian devices are installed. Different pedestrian machinery, such as monkey cars and elevators, are selected according to the slope of the coal seam. The mining face is installed with steeply inclined coal seams. The hydraulic flexible protective support can be manually operated to move below the mining face. It is fully hydraulic and has full support for the tunnel top. A turning belt is installed on the working face. The coal mining machine uses an excavator loader to dig coal downwards onto the belt. The mining face uses a modified surface pole drilling machine for gas control. The hole diameter is 300mm and the hole depth is 40m. The transport lane and return air lane adopt the existing "four-in-one" gas control method, which can be mined horizontally. By arranging the bottom plate transport lane and related facilities, it is connected with the mining face transport lane and return air lane. The coal mining working face can be arranged from different positions and mined downward. The mining face can adopt a certain slope for sunken mining according to the situation.

[0047] In summary, the coal mining method of the present invention achieves the goals of reducing accident rates, lowering costs, and improving production capacity by optimizing tunnel layout, transportation system, coal mining face equipment, and gas control methods.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Coal mining method with coal seam inclination and sinking, characterized by: Applicable to both gently inclined and steeply inclined coal seams, including the following steps: S1. Arrangement of transport lanes and return air lanes: transport lanes and return air lanes are arranged along the coal seam inclination angle (coal seam slope), and the transport lanes and return air lanes are located at each end of the coal seam at the mine boundary; S2. Arrangement of working face and mining method: arrange working face along the direction of coal seam, the length of working face is the length of mine boundary, and mining is carried out downward along the inclination angle of coal seam; S3. Function and structure of transport lane. Transport lane is responsible for transporting coal and materials. It adopts anchor net spraying and steel beam support. The goaf area on the side of the mining face adopts grouting first and then anchor net spraying and steel beam support. In the Shimen section, the lane is guaranteed to be 15m 2 The semicircular arch section adopts the integration of machine and track. The rectangular section of the laneway in the inclination direction is 6.3m wide and 2.5m high. It is divided in the middle into a belt lane and a material transport lane. The main belt lane is 2m wide and 2.5m high, and the material transport lane is 3.5m wide and 2.5m high. The main belt lane transports coal, and the material transport lane transports materials to the working face. The transport lane also serves as an air intake lane. S4. Function and support of the return air lane. The return air lane is responsible for ventilation and pedestrians. The support method is the same as that of the transport lane, and pedestrian devices are installed; S5, equipment and mining methods of the mining face, the mining face uses a belt conveyor, a hydraulic flexible shielding support is installed for the steeply inclined coal seam, a turning belt is installed on the working face, the bottom plate side of the mining face support is fixed, and the coal mining machine uses an existing excavator loader to dig down to the belt; S6. Gas control at the mining face. The existing surface electric pole drilling machine is modified with full hydraulic power and smaller in size. A discharge hole with a diameter of 0.3m is arranged every 1m along the coal seam. The depth of each hole is 40m. A 10m lead distance is reserved and 30m is allowed. The discharge effect is based on the daily wind-discharged gas volume (pure gas volume) less than 15000m 3 , ensure that the gas concentration in the normal production working face shall not exceed 0.5%; When the gas content is very high and it is impossible to exhaust the gas by air, the gas can be utilized: Airtight doors (like permanent refuge chamber doors) are installed in the air intake and return air tunnels, which are open during normal production. When gas is being controlled, a drilling rig is installed for every meter of the coal mining face and fixed on the roof side support of the hydraulic support of the mining face. The discharge hole is first drilled to a lead distance of 10m, and then a 5m extension drill rod is installed. The mining face is evacuated → the air is stopped → the return air tunnel airtight door is closed → the air intake door is closed → the gas in the mining face is waited for to rise to more than 16% (controlled by underground monitoring probes) → the fully automatic hydraulic drilling rig is turned on to drill the discharge hole → the gas extraction pump is turned on → the gas generator set is turned on (according to calculation, 5 500KW generators can be turned on) → stop until the gas concentration is less than 5% → open the airtight door of the air intake tunnel → turn on the main fan → slowly open the airtight door of the return air tunnel (fully automatic, no manual operation) → resume normal ventilation and production.

2. The coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pedestrian devices vary according to the slope of the coal seam and include monkey cars and elevators.

3. The coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas control in the transport lane and the return air lane adopts the existing extraction method.

4. The coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: For steeply inclined coal seams that are controlled at a depth of 40m, 30m is allowed to be mined. If the distance between adjacent coal seams is less than 10m, two working faces will be opened at the same elevation, and gas will be controlled and mined downwards at the same time.

5. The coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It can be divided into horizontal mining, and the bottom plate transport tunnel and water tank, distribution room, refuge chamber and electromechanical chamber are arranged at an elevation of 100m to 150m. They are connected with the mining face transport tunnel and return air tunnel. The existing bottom plate extraction tunnel or bottom plate transport tunnel can be utilized. After the stone gate is opened to expose the coal, the working face is arranged along the strike to mine downward. The mining face can be inclined from the return air tunnel to the transport tunnel with a slope of less than 18° for sinking mining.

6. The coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The coal mining face can be mined downwards from below the wind-oxidized zone on the surface, or it can be mined downwards from a horizontal floor transport tunnel or floor extraction tunnel in the mine after a stone gate is arranged and the coal mining face is arranged along the direction of the coal seam.

7. The coal seam inclination sinking type coal mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: This method cannot be used for mining in mines with high water content in coal-bearing strata or large amounts of water in the fissures in the roof of the goaf.

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