Straw decay-promoting and deep-returning mechanical equipment and decay-promoting and deep-returning method

Abstract

The straw decay promoting and deep returning mechanical equipment comprises a vehicle head, a traction frame, a deep ploughing assembly and a surface cleaning assembly, the traction frame is connected to the rear end of the vehicle head in a traction mode, the deep ploughing assembly and the surface cleaning assembly are fixedly installed below the traction frame, and an upper fixing frame and a lower fixing frame of the surface cleaning assembly are fixedly connected with a front U-shaped sliding way and a rear U-shaped sliding way respectively. A plurality of fixing plates are transversely fixed in a gap area between the front U-shaped slide way and the rear U-shaped slide way, a net layer is fixed on the fixing plates, a V-shaped shovel plate is fixedly connected to the front end of the front U-shaped slide way, a V-shaped blade part is arranged at the front end of the V-shaped shovel plate, a guide hopper is arranged at the tail end of the rear U-shaped slide way, and an outlet of the guide hopper is located on the side of a deep groove. The deep ploughing assembly and the surface cleaning assembly are installed in parallel and integrally move forwards along with the traction frame, through the design, ploughing and straw cleaning work can be conducted at the same time, the deep ploughing assembly performs ploughing to form a deep ditch, the surface cleaning assembly cleans straw and pushes the straw into the deep ditch, and deep burying treatment of the straw is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of straw deep recycling, and specifically relates to a mechanical device and method for promoting the deep recycling of straw. Background Art

[0002] Straw deep refers to an agricultural technology that uses mechanical operations to plow or bury the remaining straw after the harvest of crops into the deep soil layer to realize the resource utilization of straw and improve soil structure. This process helps to increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical properties, and provide nutrients for crops. Existing straw processing technologies mainly include direct return of straw to the field, straw mulching and return to the field, and straw fuel utilization. In terms of straw return to the field, commonly used equipment includes combine harvesters equipped with straw chopping and paving devices, straw crushing and returning machines, etc. These devices can complete the crushing and scattering of straw while harvesting, providing convenience for subsequent plowing or burying operations. However, there are some common problems in the existing straw return to the field technology, such as slow straw decomposition rate, slow nutrient release rate, insufficient plowing depth, etc. These problems limit the efficiency and effectiveness of straw return to the field technology.

[0003] Existing equipment generally does not have a tillage function, or the tillage depth is shallow, which cannot completely cover the straw and cannot allow the straw to enter the deep soil layer, affecting the decomposition of the straw and the release of nutrients. Most existing equipment does not have the function of promoting straw decomposition, and cannot effectively separate the soil from the straw to add decomposition-promoting agents to the straw alone, or the injection of too much decomposition-promoting agent affects the growth of the next crop. Existing equipment may turn out the straw that has been buried in the soil layer again, resulting in poor straw return effect, affecting soil structure and crop growth.

[0004] The existing straw return technology has problems such as insufficient tillage depth and low straw decomposition efficiency, which limit the effective utilization of straw resources and soil improvement effect. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new straw decomposition promotion and deep return machinery and equipment to improve the efficiency and effect of straw return and promote sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects and problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a mechanical device and a method for promoting deep decomposition of straw, so as to improve the efficiency of straw processing, realize deep burial and promotion of decomposition of straw, optimize soil structure, and provide nutrients for crop growth.

[0006] The solution to the technical problem solved by the present invention is: a straw decomposition and deep return mechanical equipment, including a vehicle head, a traction frame, a deep plowing component and a surface clearing component. The traction frame is traction-connected to the rear end of the vehicle head, and the deep plowing component and the surface clearing component are fixedly installed below the traction frame, respectively. The surface clearing component includes an upper fixed frame, a lower fixed frame, a front U slide, a rear U slide, a V-shaped shovel plate and a guide hopper. The upper and lower fixed frames are fixedly connected to the front and rear U slides, respectively. There is a gap area between the front U slide and the rear U slide, and a plurality of fixed plates are transversely fixed in the gap area, and mesh layers are fixed on both sides of the gap area, and the mesh layers are fixed on the fixed plates. A V-shaped shovel plate is fixedly connected to the front end of the front U slide, and a V-shaped blade is provided at the front end of the V-shaped shovel plate. A guide hopper is provided at the tail end of the rear U slide, and the outlet of the guide hopper is located on the deep ditch side.

[0007] Preferably, a corrosion-promoting contamination mechanism is added to the rear U-chute area, and the corrosion-promoting mechanism is a spraying method, or a corrosion-promoting contamination mechanism; the corrosion-promoting contamination mechanism includes a frame, a floor drain grille, a permeable layer, a corrosion-promoting groove and a liquid supply pipe, and a liquid storage tank. A front hollow area and a rear hollow area are arranged on the front side of the frame, the front hollow area is fixed with a floor drain grille, a corrosion-promoting groove is fixed at the bottom of the rear hollow area, an opening is arranged at the upper part of the corrosion-promoting groove, a permeable layer is installed in the corrosion-promoting groove, a liquid supply pipe is led out of the corrosion-promoting groove, the upper port of the liquid supply pipe is connected to the bottom of the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank contains a corrosion promoter.

[0008] Preferably, the deep plowing assembly includes a main rod, a plowshare and an angle seat, a plowshare is fixed at the bottom of the main rod, an angle rod is obliquely fixed at the top of the main rod, a through mounting hole is provided on the angle rod, an angle seat is fixed on the outer side of the angle rod, the angle seat includes left and right side plates, the two side plates are fixed as a whole by connecting, fixed angle screws are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the angle seat, and each fixed angle screw is installed together with the corresponding through mounting hole on the angle rod.

[0009] Preferably, a lower V-shaped groove is provided on the upper side of the angle seat, and the fixed seat plate is a V-shaped fastener including an upper V-shaped groove. After the fixed seat plate is fixed to the angle seat, a rectangular cavity is formed between the upper and lower V-shaped grooves, and the rectangular cavity is matched and fixed together with the front beam of the outer frame.

[0010] Preferably, the upper fixing frames on both sides are fixed as a whole by multiple horizontal connecting rods, and a lower fixing frame is fixed under each upper fixing frame by a vertical connecting rod. The lower fixing frame is a rectangular frame with a hollow middle part. The top of the front U slide is fixed on the front side of the upper fixing frame, and the top of the rear U slide is fixed on the rear side. At the same time, the bottom of the front U slide is fixed on the front side of the upper part of the lower fixing frame, and the bottom of the rear U slide is fixed on the rear side of the upper part of the lower fixing frame.

[0011] Preferably, there is a fitting gap between the two fixing plates at the bottom, and a plurality of fixing shafts are fixedly installed between the two fixing plates at equal intervals from front to back in a horizontal direction, each fixing shaft is installed with a roller, and there is a gap between adjacent rollers.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustment frame includes a carrier plate, a fixed connecting rod, a U-shaped connecting rod and a locking wire. A fixed connecting rod is fixed at the bottom of the carrier plate, and the upper fixed frame of the surface clearing assembly is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed connecting rod; a plurality of pairs of through holes are provided in the middle of the carrier plate, and a U-shaped connecting rod is installed in each through hole respectively, and the rod body part of each U-shaped connecting rod is a screw rod. After the screw rod is inserted into the corresponding through hole, locking wires are fixedly installed at the upper and lower parts of the carrier plate respectively, so that each screw rod is fixed to the carrier plate, and the height of the screw rod can be controlled and changed by adjusting the upper and lower locking wires respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the traction frame includes an outer frame, and a plurality of traction rods are hingedly connected to the upper middle part of the outer frame through a support, and the upper parts of the plurality of traction rods are respectively hingedly connected to the left and right sides of the same upper traction seat, and the upper traction seat serves as the upper traction part, and lower traction seats are respectively fixed at symmetrical positions on the left and right sides of the front part of the outer frame, and the lower traction seats serve as two traction parts of the lower part, and an upper traction end and two left and right traction ends at the bottom are arranged at the rear end of the front of the vehicle, and each traction end is respectively connected to the upper traction seat and the two lower traction seats, and the top of the screw is fixedly connected to the front beam and / or the rear beam of the outer frame.

[0014] Preferably, the carrier plate also includes an angle adjustment mechanism, which includes an upper plate body, a lower plate body, a rear hinge seat and an adjustment mechanism. The rear sides of the upper plate body and the lower plate body are hinged together through the rear hinge seat. A plurality of pairs of through holes are respectively arranged on the upper plate body and the lower plate body. Each through hole on the lower plate body is a strip hole. The screws under each U-shaped connecting rod are simultaneously installed through the corresponding through holes of the upper plate body and the lower plate body, and then are respectively installed with locking wires. Each fixed connecting rod is respectively fixed to the bottom of the lower plate body.

[0015] A method for promoting the decomposition and deep return of straw comprises the following steps: a surface clearing component is fixedly installed in parallel on the back side of a deep tillage component, a V-shaped shovel plate at the front end of the surface clearing component is used to shovel up the straw on one side of a deep ditch with its roots, and the straw is pushed and slid to the tail end through a U-shaped slideway, a guide hopper is provided at the tail end, the outlet of the guide hopper is located on the deep ditch side, a soil leakage area is provided in the middle of the U-shaped slideway so that most of the soil is discharged first, a floor drain grille is provided at the rear of the U-shaped slideway so that part of the soil is discharged later, and a decomposition promoting contamination mechanism is added at the rear of the floor drain grille so that the straw can be contaminated with a decomposition promoting agent.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. Deep burial of straw: The deep tillage component and the surface clearing component are installed in parallel and move forward together with the traction frame as a whole. This design allows the tillage and straw clearing work to be carried out simultaneously, improving the work efficiency. The deep tillage component tills the soil to form a deep ditch, and the surface clearing component cleans the straw and pushes it into the deep ditch to achieve deep burial of the straw, which is conducive to the decomposition of the straw and soil improvement. The front and rear groups of deep tillage components and surface clearing components are installed in a lateral position offset, so that the position of the deep tillage component of the rear group corresponds to the position of the surface clearing component of the front group. This design helps to distribute the tillage and clearing work more evenly.

[0017] 2. Adjustable deep tillage component position: Through the V-shaped groove design of the fixed seat plate and the angle seat, the position of the main rod can be adjusted horizontally to adapt to different operating requirements. Through the design of the adjustment frame, the overall height of the clearing component can be changed, and then the relative height between the clearing component and the deep tillage component can be adjusted to adapt to different operating conditions. Angle adjustment mechanism: Through the design of the angle adjustment mechanism, the inclination angle of the clearing component can be changed to adapt to different operating conditions and ground slopes 3. Decay-promoting contamination mechanism: The decay-promoting contamination mechanism allows the straw to be contaminated with the decay-promoting agent through the design of the permeable layer and the liquid supply pipe, accelerating the decomposition of the straw. In the design of the surface cleaning component, the gap area and the mesh layer between the front U slide and the rear U slide can effectively remove the soil, reduce the contamination of the soil on the decay-promoting agent, and improve the efficiency of the decay-promoting agent. A grille is fixed at the upper port of the decay-promoting trough, or a ball is installed on the front and rear grille stems to increase the fluidity of the straw and improve the working efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the use state of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the middle adjustment frame and the table clearing component; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the installation relationship between the middle traction frame, deep tillage assembly and adjustment frame; Figure 4 It is the left view of the road 3; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment mechanism of the deep tillage component; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A top view of Figure 7 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the adjustment frame; Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the table clearing component.

[0019] Numbers in the figure: Numbers in the figure: front of the vehicle 1; traction frame 2; deep tillage component 3; adjustment frame 4; surface cleaning component 5; angle adjustment mechanism 6; decay-promoting contamination mechanism 7; outer frame 21; traction rod 22; upper traction seat 23; lower traction seat 24; rear connecting seat 25; main rod 31; angle rod 32; plowshare 33; angle seat 34; fixed angle wire 35; fixed seat plate 36; carrier plate 41; fixed connecting rod 42; U-shaped connecting rod 43; locking wire 44; upper fixing frame 51; lower fixing frame 52; hollow area 53; front U slide 54; rear U slide 55; V-shaped shovel plate 56; fixing plate 57; mesh layer 58; guide hopper 59; upper plate body 61; lower plate body 62; rear hinge seat 63; inner inclined surface 64; wedge block 65; support block 66; adjusting screw 67; fiber slide rod 68; frame 71; floor drain grille 72; permeable layer 73; corrosion promoting groove 74; liquid supply pipe 75. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Embodiment 1: A mechanical device for promoting the deep decomposition of straw, such as Figure 1 As shown, the mechanical equipment mainly includes a vehicle head 1, a traction frame 2, a deep tillage component 3 and a surface clearing component 5. The rear end of the vehicle head 1 is connected to the traction frame 2, and the deep tillage component 3 and the surface clearing component 5 are fixedly installed below the traction frame 2. Figure 6 It can be seen that the deep plowing component 3 and the surface clearing component 5 are installed in parallel and move forward as a whole with the traction frame 2. The deep plowing component 3 is used to plow and form deep furrows, and the surface clearing component 5 is used to clean the adjacent straw and push the cleaned straw into the deep furrows. During the second plowing, the deep plowing component 3 is located in the area where the straw has been cleaned in the last plowing, and the straw-free area is plowed to form deep furrows, and the plowed soil covers the deep furrows of the last plowing. The entire piece of land is plowed in sequence, and finally all the straw is plowed in the deep furrows of the last plowing, so that all the straw is located in the soil and protrudes. The mechanical equipment can efficiently and evenly plow, clean and promote the decay of straw, which helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural operations.

[0022] Specifically, Figure 3As shown, the traction frame 2 includes an outer frame 21, a traction rod 22, an upper traction seat 23, a lower traction seat 24 and a rear connecting seat 25. Among them, the outer frame 21 includes front and rear beams and left and right side connecting rods. A plurality of traction rods 22 are hinged to the upper middle part of the outer frame 21 through a support, and the upper parts of the plurality of traction rods 22 are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the same upper traction seat 23, and the upper traction seat 23 serves as the upper traction part. Lower traction seats 24 are respectively fixed at symmetrical positions on the left and right sides of the front part of the outer frame 21, and the lower traction seats 24 serve as two traction parts of the lower part. An upper traction end and two left and right traction ends at the bottom are arranged at the rear end of the front of the vehicle 1, and each traction end is respectively connected to the upper traction seat 23 and the two lower traction seats 24. Rear connecting seats 25 are respectively fixed to the upper parts of the left and right sides of the outer frame 21 for connecting the subsequent leveling mechanism (not shown in the figure).

[0023] like Figure 5 As shown, the deep tillage assembly 3 includes a main rod 31, an angle rod 32, a plowshare 33, an angle seat 34, an angle wire 35 and a fixed seat plate 36. The plowshare 33 is fixed at the bottom of the main rod 31. Figure 6 As shown, the plowshare 33 is kept at a natural plowing angle. An angle rod 32 is fixed obliquely on the top of the main rod 31, and a through mounting hole is provided on the angle rod 32. An angle seat 34 is fixed on the outside of the angle rod 32, and the angle seat 34 includes two left and right side plates, and the two side plates are fixed as a whole by connecting. Fixed angle wires 35 are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the angle seat 34, and each fixed angle wire 35 is installed together with the corresponding through mounting hole on the angle rod 32. Figure 5 It can be seen that a lower V-shaped groove is provided on the upper side of the angle seat 34, and the fixed seat plate 36 is a V-shaped fastener, including an upper V-shaped groove. After the fixed seat plate 36 is fixed to the angle seat 34, a rectangular cavity is formed between the upper and lower V-shaped grooves, and the rectangular cavity is matched and fixed with the front beam of the outer frame 21. Before fixing, the position of the main rod 31 can be adjusted by lateral movement. When the deep plowing assembly 3 and the surface clearing assembly 5 are respectively installed on the front beam and the rear beam of the outer frame 21, the lateral positions of the front and rear groups of deep plowing assemblies 3 and surface clearing assemblies 5 are misaligned, that is, the rear group of deep plowing assemblies 3 and surface clearing assemblies 5 are located at the left rear position of the front group of deep plowing assemblies 3 and surface clearing assemblies 5, and the deep plowing assemblies 3 of the rear group are adjusted to correspond to the surface clearing assemblies 5 of the front group. Similarly, when more than two groups of deep plowing assemblies 3 and surface clearing assemblies 5 are fixed on the outer frame 21 at the same time, multiple crossbeams are respectively provided and multiple groups of deep plowing assemblies 3 and surface clearing assemblies 5 are installed in sequence by misalignment, so that the deep plowing assemblies 3 of the rear group correspond to the surface clearing assemblies 5 of the front group. For ease of understanding, Figure 1 and Figure 3Only one set of deep tillage components 3 and surface clearing components 5 are installed under the outer frame 21. By installing the deep tillage components and surface clearing components in parallel, the equipment can simultaneously perform tillage and straw cleaning work, significantly improving the efficiency of straw processing. The deep tillage components form deep trenches, push the straw into the deep trenches, realize deep burial of the straw, and facilitate the rapid decomposition of the straw.

[0024] like Figure 8 As shown, the cleaning assembly 5 includes an upper fixing frame 51, a lower fixing frame 52, a hollow area 53, a front U slide 54, a rear U slide 55, a V-shaped shovel plate 56, a fixing plate 57, a mesh layer 58 and a guide hopper 59. The upper fixing frames 51 on both sides are fixed together by multiple horizontal connecting rods (such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown in the figure, a lower fixing frame 52 is fixed below each upper fixing frame 51 through a vertical connecting rod. The lower fixing frame 52 is a rectangular frame with a hollow middle portion (the soil falls from it). The top of the front U slideway 54 is fixed on the front side of the upper fixing frame 51, and the top of the rear U slideway 55 is fixed on the rear side. At the same time, the bottom of the front U slideway 54 is fixed on the front side of the upper part of the lower fixing frame 52, and the bottom of the rear U slideway 55 is fixed on the rear side of the upper part of the lower fixing frame 52.

[0025] There is a gap area, i.e., a hollow area 53, between the front U slide 54 and the rear U slide 55. A plurality of fixing plates 57 are transversely fixed in the hollow area 53, and mesh layers 58 are fixed on both sides of the hollow area 53, and the mesh layers 58 are fixed on the fixing plates 57. There is a matching gap between the two fixing plates 57 at the bottom, and a plurality of fixing shafts are transversely fixedly installed between the two fixing plates 57 at the bottom in sequence from front to back at equal intervals, and each fixing shaft is installed with a roller, and there is a gap between adjacent rollers.

[0026] A V-shaped shovel plate 56 is fixedly connected to the front end of the front U slideway 54, and a V-shaped blade is provided at the front end of the V-shaped shovel plate 56. A guide hopper 59 is provided at the tail end of the rear U slideway 55, and the outlet of the guide hopper 59 is located at one side of the deep groove.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the adjustment frame 4 includes a carrier plate 41, a fixed connecting rod 42, a U-shaped connecting rod 43 and a locking wire 44. A fixed connecting rod 42 is fixed at the bottom of the carrier plate 41, and the upper fixed frame 51 of the watch clearing component 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed connecting rod 42. A plurality of pairs of through holes are provided in the middle of the carrier plate 41, and a U-shaped connecting rod 43 is installed in each through hole, and the rod body of each U-shaped connecting rod 43 is a screw. After the screw is inserted into the corresponding through hole, a locking wire 44 is fixedly installed at the upper and lower parts of the carrier plate 41, respectively, so that each screw is fixed to the carrier plate 41, and the height of the screw can be controlled by adjusting the upper and lower locking wires 44 respectively.

[0028] The top of the screw is fixedly connected to the front beam and / or the rear beam of the outer frame 21. Thus, by adjusting the corresponding locking wire 44, the overall height of the surface clearing component 5 can be changed, and then the relative height between the surface clearing component 5 and the deep tillage component 3 can be adjusted. When the plowshare 33 of the deep tillage component 3 is in the deep furrowing state, the V-shaped shovel plate 56 of the surface clearing component 5 can be located in the surface layer to clear the roots of the straw. Figure 4 and Figure 6 In the figure, a is the soil surface area (including the straw roots), and b is the deep ditch area. As the deep tillage component 3 and the surface clearing component 5 move forward as a whole, the surface clearing component 5 can shovel up all the straw in area a with its roots, and continue to push it backward along the front U slide 54, the mesh layer 58 and the rear U slide 55, and finally output it from the guide hopper 59 to area b. After the V-shaped shovel plate 56 shovels up the straw roots together with the soil, when it enters the mesh layer 58, most of the soil is discharged downward from the mesh layer 58, and the straw and a small amount of soil enter the rear U slide 55. A decay-promoting contamination mechanism is added in the rear U slide 55 area to facilitate the addition of decay-promoting agents to the straw after the soil is removed.

[0029] The promotion mechanism can be a spraying method, or Figure 7 and Figure 8 The corruption-promoting contamination mechanism 7 shown. A corruption-promoting contamination mechanism 7 includes a frame 71, a floor drain grille 72, a permeable layer 73, a corruption-promoting groove 74, a liquid supply pipe 75, and a liquid storage tank (installed on the upper side of the outer frame 21). A front hollow area and a rear hollow area are provided on the front side of the frame 71. A floor drain grille 72 is fixed to the front hollow area, and the function of this area is mainly used to further remove soil and greatly reduce the amount of soil entering the rear hollow area. A corruption-promoting groove 74 is fixed to the bottom of the rear hollow area, and an opening is provided at the upper part of the corruption-promoting groove 74. A permeable layer 73 (such as a sponge, etc.) is set in the corruption-promoting groove 74. The frame 71 leads out a liquid supply pipe 75, and the upper port of the liquid supply pipe 75 is connected to the bottom of the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank contains a corruption-promoting agent. The corruption-promoting agent from the liquid storage tank continuously enters the corruption-promoting groove 74 through the liquid supply pipe 75, and keeps the permeable layer 73 in an immersed and saturated state. When the straw (mainly the root) passes through the upper side of the permeable layer 73, it can be contaminated with the decay-promoting agent. A grid can also be fixed at the upper port of the decay-promoting groove 74, or a ball bearing can be installed on each grid stem at the front and rear to increase the fluidity of the straw.

[0030] The corruption-promoting contamination mechanism 7 adopted is a passive contamination method, which not only does not require injection power, but also because the roots of the straw are heavier and located at the bottom of the sliding channel, the corruption-promoting contamination mechanism 7 can be used to contaminate the roots of the straw in a targeted manner, increase the amount of the corruption-promoting agent at the roots of the straw, so as to promote its rapid absorption of corrosion and provide nutrients for the next crop after decomposition. Moreover, when the above-mentioned corruption-promoting contamination mechanism 7 is located at the rearmost end of the rear U slide 55, it can implement the corruption-promoting agent contamination on the straw part while removing the soil as much as possible, reducing and avoiding the soil from contaminating the corruption-promoting agent. The soil contamination of the corruption-promoting agent will not only waste a large amount of the corruption-promoting agent content and reduce the corruption-promoting effect, but also when the amount of the corruption-promoting agent is large, it will remain in the soil for a long time, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of the next crop. After the straw is deeply buried, as the straw decomposes, it can increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil structure, and promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, thereby improving the soil fertility and the growth environment of crops. The application of straw composting agents can promote straw decomposition and increase crop yields, and the effect is best under specific environmental conditions, such as temperate monsoon climate conditions. Some composting agents have the function of fixing nitrogen or improving the utilization efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which can improve root vitality, thereby promoting crop growth and increasing yields. By burying the straw deeply and accelerating its decomposition, the pollution caused by straw burning or stacking to the environment is reduced, and the subsequent agricultural production activities are also avoided due to straw covering the surface. Straw composting agents can effectively accelerate the decomposition process of straw, accelerate nutrient conversion, and promote soil nutrient release, which has a positive effect on improving soil fertility and crop growth. Some composting agents also have the function of killing pathogens in straw, reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests, and protecting the healthy growth of crops.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, the angle adjustment mechanism 6 includes an upper plate 61, a lower plate 62, a rear hinge seat 63, an inner bevel 64, a wedge block 65, a support block 66, an adjustment screw 67 and a fiber slide bar 68. The rear sides of the upper plate 61 and the lower plate 62 are hinged together through the rear hinge seat 63. Multiple pairs of through holes are respectively arranged on the upper plate 61 and the lower plate 62. Each through hole on the lower plate 62 is a strip hole (capable of adaptive adjustment). The screws under each U-shaped connecting rod 43 are simultaneously installed through the corresponding through holes of the upper plate 61 and the lower plate 62, and then the lock wires 44 are respectively installed. Each fixed connecting rod 42 is respectively fixed to the bottom of the lower plate 62.

[0032] An inner bevel 64 is provided in the middle of the inner side of the upper plate body 61 and the lower plate body 62, and a wedge block 65 is set between the upper plate body 61 and the lower plate body 62, and the conical surface of the wedge block 65 is fitted with the inner bevel 64. Adjustment holes (flat holes) are set vertically at the front ends of the upper plate body 61 and the lower plate body 62, and a support block 66 is set between the upper and lower adjustment holes. Fiber slide rods 68 are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the support block 66, respectively. Each fiber slide rod 68 is respectively installed in the corresponding adjustment hole, and a limit stop is provided at the end of each fiber slide rod 68. A screw hole is provided in the middle of the support block 66 along the front-back direction, and an adjustment screw 67 is installed in the screw hole. The inner end of the adjustment screw 67 is supported on the end surface of the wedge block 65. When the adjusting screw 67 is screwed, the wedge block 65 can be pushed inward, thereby causing the wedge block 65 to move backward. After the wedge block 65 moves backward, the upper plate 61 and the lower plate 62 can be spread out at a certain angle by supporting the inner inclined surface 64. When the angles of the upper plate 61 and the lower plate 62 are adjusted to the right position, the upper and lower locking wires 44 are screwed to fix the upper plate 61 and the lower plate 62 together at a fixed angle. Furthermore, the angle of each fixed link 42 relative to the initial position can be changed, thereby changing the inclination angle of the clearing assembly 5. Figure 4 In the embodiment, each fixed link 42 has an angle r0 with the numerical direction. Figure 7 In the method shown in (1), there is always a fixed angle r0 between the surface clearing component 5 and the ground. Figure 7 In the mode shown in (2), there is an angle of r0+△r between the surface clearing component 5 and the ground, where △r is an adjustable range.

[0033] The design of the straw deep decomposition mechanical equipment not only improves the efficiency of straw treatment, but also optimizes the soil structure through the deep burial and decomposition of straw, increases crop yields, reduces environmental pollution, improves the utilization efficiency of nutrients, and has a positive impact on agricultural production and environmental protection. When the equipment is in use, before returning the straw to the field, the operation area, soil conditions and straw height should be surveyed first, the driving road should be cleaned in time, the farmland ridges, earth bags and waterways should be leveled, and signs should be set up in key areas and nearby field roads. The inspection of parts can be carried out from outside to inside and from large to small, focusing on checking whether the connectors and fasteners are unhooked and loose. In order to ensure that the straw is crushed and returned to the field thoroughly, an appropriate amount of straw stubble height must be set during the operation, and the return machine must be kept in a horizontal state. The stubble height can be determined according to the operation requirements and ground conditions. The stubble height can be adjusted by adjusting the fastening bolts in the four holes on the ears on both sides of the drum up and down; the level of the machine in the front and rear directions can be adjusted by telescopic adjustment of the main tie rod on the front of the vehicle, and the level in the left and right directions can be adjusted by telescopic adjustment of the inclined tie rod. Based on the above equipment, the V-shaped shovel plate of the surface clearing component connected in parallel on the back side of the deep tillage component is used to shovel up the straw on one side of the deep ditch with the roots, and the straw is pushed and slid to the tail end through the U slide. A guide hopper is provided at the tail end, and the outlet of the guide hopper is located on the side of the deep ditch. A soil leakage area is provided in the middle of the U slide to facilitate the first discharge of most of the soil, and a floor drain grille is provided at the rear of the U slide to facilitate the subsequent discharge of some of the soil. A decay-promoting contamination mechanism is added at the tail of the floor drain grille so that the straw can be contaminated with a decay-promoting agent.

[0034] The above specific embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate or explain the principles of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw decomposition and deep tillage mechanical equipment, comprising a vehicle head (1), a traction frame (2) and a deep tillage component (3), characterized in that: The hall comprises a surface clearing component (5), a traction frame (2) is traction-connected to the rear end of the vehicle head (1), a deep tillage component (3) and a surface clearing component (5) are respectively fixedly installed below the traction frame (2), the surface clearing component (5) comprises an upper fixed frame (51), a lower fixed frame (52), a front U slideway (54), a rear U slideway (55), a V-shaped shovel plate (56) and a guide hopper (59), the upper and lower fixed frames are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear U slideways, There is a gap area between the rear U slideway (55), a plurality of fixed plates (57) are transversely fixed in the gap area, and mesh layers (58) are fixed on both sides of the gap area, and the mesh layers (58) are fixed on the fixed plates (57). A V-shaped shovel plate (56) is fixedly connected to the front end of the front U slideway (54), and the front end of the V-shaped shovel plate (56) has a V-shaped blade. A guide hopper (59) is provided at the rear end of the rear U slideway (55), and the outlet of the guide hopper (59) is located on the side of the deep groove.

2. The straw decomposition and deep recovery mechanical equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A corruption-promoting contamination mechanism is added to the rear U-shaped slideway (55) region. The corruption-promoting mechanism is a spraying mechanism or a corruption-promoting contamination mechanism (7); the corruption-promoting contamination mechanism (7) comprises a frame (71), a floor drain grille (72), a permeable layer (73), a corruption-promoting groove (74), a liquid supply pipe (75), and a liquid storage tank. A front hollow area and a rear hollow area are provided on the front side of the frame (71). The floor drain grille (72) is fixed to the front hollow area. The corruption-promoting groove (74) is fixed to the bottom of the rear hollow area. An opening is provided at the top of the corruption-promoting groove (74). The permeable layer (73) is mounted inside the corruption-promoting groove (74). The liquid supply pipe (75) is led outward from the corruption-promoting groove (74). The upper end of the liquid supply pipe (75) is connected to the bottom of the liquid storage tank. The liquid storage tank contains a corruption-promoting agent.

3. The straw decomposition and deep recovery mechanical equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deep tillage assembly (3) comprises a main rod (31), a plowshare (33) and an angle seat (34); the plowshare (33) is fixed at the bottom of the main rod (31); an angle rod (32) is fixed obliquely at the top of the main rod (31); a through mounting hole is provided on the angle rod (32); an angle seat (34) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the angle rod (32); the angle seat (34) comprises two left and right side plates, the two side plates are fixed as a whole by connecting, and fixed angle threads (35) are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the angle seat (34); each fixed angle thread (35) is mounted together with a corresponding through mounting hole on the angle rod (32).

4. The mechanical equipment for promoting deep decomposition of straw according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A lower V-shaped groove is provided on the upper side of the angle seat (34); the fixed seat plate (36) is a V-shaped fastener including an upper V-shaped groove; after the fixed seat plate (36) and the angle seat (34) are fixed, a rectangular cavity is formed between the upper and lower V-shaped grooves; the rectangular cavity is matched and fixed to the front beam of the outer frame (21).

5. The mechanical equipment for promoting the deep decomposition of straw according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper fixing frames (51) on both sides are fixed as a whole by a plurality of horizontal connecting rods. A lower fixing frame (52) is fixed below each upper fixing frame (51) by a vertical connecting rod. The lower fixing frame (52) is a rectangular frame with a hollow middle portion. The top of the front U slideway (54) is fixed on the front side of the upper fixing frame (51), and the top of the rear U slideway (55) is fixed on the rear side. At the same time, the bottom of the front U slideway (54) is fixed on the front side of the upper part of the lower fixing frame (52), and the bottom of the rear U slideway (55) is fixed on the rear side of the upper part of the lower fixing frame (52).

6. The mechanical equipment for promoting the deep decomposition of straw according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There is a matching gap between the two fixing plates (57) at the bottom, and a plurality of fixing shafts are fixedly installed in a horizontally evenly spaced manner from front to back between the two fixing plates (57) at the bottom, each fixing shaft is installed with a roller, and there is a gap between adjacent rollers.

7. The mechanical equipment for promoting the deep decomposition of straw according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The adjustment frame (4) comprises a carrier plate (41), a fixed connecting rod (42), a U-shaped connecting rod (43) and a locking wire (44); a fixed connecting rod (42) is fixed at the bottom of the carrier plate (41); and an upper fixed frame (51) of the surface clearing assembly (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed connecting rod (42); a plurality of pairs of through holes are provided in the middle of the carrier plate (41); a U-shaped connecting rod (43) is respectively installed in each through hole; the rod body of each U-shaped connecting rod (43) is a screw; after the screw is inserted into the corresponding through hole, a locking wire (44) is respectively fixedly installed at the upper and lower parts of the carrier plate (41), so that each screw is fixed to the carrier plate (41); and the height of the screw can be controlled and changed by adjusting the upper and lower locking wires (44) respectively.

8. The mechanical equipment for promoting the deep decomposition of straw according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The traction frame (2) comprises an outer frame (21), a plurality of traction rods (22) are hingedly connected to the upper middle part of the outer frame (21) through a support, the upper parts of the plurality of traction rods (22) are respectively hingedly connected to the left and right sides of the same upper traction seat (23), the upper traction seat (23) serves as the upper traction part, and lower traction seats (24) are respectively fixed at symmetrical positions on the left and right sides of the front part of the outer frame (21), the lower traction seats (24) serve as two traction parts of the lower part, an upper traction end and two left and right traction ends at the bottom are arranged at the rear end of the vehicle head (1), each traction end is respectively connected to the upper traction seat (23) and the two lower traction seats (24), and the top of the screw rod is fixedly connected to the front beam and / or the rear beam of the outer frame (21).

9. The mechanical equipment for promoting the deep decomposition of straw according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carrier plate (41) further comprises an angle adjustment mechanism (6), which comprises an upper plate body (61), a lower plate body (62), a rear hinge seat (63) and an adjustment mechanism. The rear sides of the upper plate body (61) and the lower plate body (62) are hinged together through the rear hinge seat (63). A plurality of pairs of through holes are respectively arranged on the upper plate body (61) and the lower plate body (62). Each through hole on the lower plate body (62) is a strip-shaped hole. The screw rods below each U-shaped connecting rod (43) are simultaneously installed through the corresponding through holes of the upper plate body (61) and the lower plate body (62), and then are respectively installed with locking wires (44). Each fixed connecting rod (42) is respectively fixed to the bottom of the lower plate body (62).

10. A method for promoting deep decomposition of straw, characterized in that: A surface clearing component is fixedly installed in parallel on the back side of the deep tillage component, and the V-shaped shovel plate at the front end of the surface clearing component is used to shovel up the straw on one side of the deep ditch with the roots, and the straw is pushed and slid to the tail end through the U-chute. A guide hopper is provided at the tail end, and the outlet of the guide hopper is located on the deep ditch side. A soil leakage area is provided in the middle of the U-chute to facilitate the first discharge of most of the soil, and a floor drain grille is provided at the rear of the U-chute to facilitate the subsequent discharge of some of the soil, and a decay-promoting contamination mechanism is added at the rear of the floor drain grille so that the straw can be contaminated with a decay-promoting agent.

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