Processing method of black tea

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing method of black tea. The processing method comprises the following steps: S1, picking; s2, tedding and withering; s3, performing rolling; s4, performing fermentation; and S5, drying. According to the black tea processing method provided by the invention, the withering conveying plate of the tedding and withering dual-purpose machine is arranged to be in a spiral cone shape, and the upper layer and the lower layer of the spiral cone-shaped withering conveying plate are staggered, so that a bundle of hot air flow can only pass through one layer of withering conveying plate when flowing from bottom to top or flowing from bottom to top; and water vapor evaporated from the bud leaves cannot pass through the bud leaves on the other layer of withering conveying plate, so that the influence of the water vapor on the withering uniformity of the bud leaves is avoided, and the withering uniformity and consistency of the bud leaves are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of black tea processing, in particular to a black tea processing method. Background Art

[0002] Keemun black tea has a long history and is loved by tea drinkers at home and abroad for its unique Keemun fragrance. The traditional black tea processing technology mainly includes five major processes: spreading, withering, rolling, fermentation, and drying. The quality of black tea processing is closely related to the time, temperature, humidity, etc. of each process. In the existing spreading and withering processes, the buds and leaves need to be spread out and laid. In order to increase the occupancy rate of the space, the existing plates or belts used for spreading and withering are generally arranged in upper and lower layers. Although the purpose of reducing the space can be achieved, the water vapor carried by the air is easily contacted with other layers of buds and leaves during the up and down flow of air, resulting in inconsistent moisture and temperature of the buds and leaves, resulting in unevenness in spreading or withering. In addition, most of the existing fermentation machines carry out crosswind in the left and right directions. The airflow flows horizontally from above the buds and leaves, and cannot flow from above the buds and leaves through the bottom, while the buds and leaves at the bottom of the plate are not easy to contact with the hot air, resulting in inconsistent temperature and moisture of the buds and leaves. In addition, the existing drum dryer has low ventilation efficiency, which makes it impossible to extract the wet air in time, resulting in low drying efficiency. Moreover, the buds and leaves in the drum dryer fall from the inner wall of the drum only by their own gravity, and the buds and leaves are unevenly dispersed, which exacerbates the uneven drying of the buds and leaves and the low drying efficiency. The above reasons affect the retention of the aroma of tea, thereby affecting the quality of black tea. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application proposes a black tea processing method, which has the advantages of improving the uniformity and consistency of bud and leaf withering, and is used to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a black tea processing method, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Picking: Pick one bud and two or three leaves or small open fresh leaves;

[0006] S2, spreading and withering: the fresh leaves are spread in the spreading and withering machine for spreading and withering, the thickness of the fresh leaves is between 2cm and 3cm, and the spreading and withering process is turned over, which takes 30min to 60min; the spreading and withering machine includes a side plate guide rail, the number of the side plate guide rails is two, and a withering conveying plate is slidably connected between the two side plate guide rails, and the withering conveying plate moves upward in a spiral cone along the side plate guide rail, and a material shifting device is provided along the track of the withering conveying plate;

[0007] S3, rolling and twisting: put the withered buds and leaves into the rolling machine after drying, and roll them. The pressure principle is: air pressure for 3-5 minutes, light pressure for 5 minutes, heavy pressure for 10 minutes, and light pressure for 5 minutes. Roll the tea leaves appropriately to make them curl and squeeze out the tea juice. After loosening the pressure, remove the leaves from the machine and roll them again for 15-20 minutes until the leaves are compacted.

[0008] S4, fermentation: placing the deblocked buds and leaves in a fermentation machine for fermentation, the fermentation process is carried out in an indoor environment of 25 to 28° C., and the fermentation time is 5 to 6 hours; the fermentation machine includes a main box, both sides of the main box are provided with an air cavity outer box, the inner cavity of the main box is provided with a plurality of material tray oscillation assemblies, the side of the air cavity outer box is rotatably connected with a sealing door, and the top surface of the main box is provided with an air flow pump assembly;

[0009] S5. Drying: convey the fermented buds and leaves to a drum dryer and dry them at a temperature of 380-400°C for 2-5 minutes; the drum dryer comprises an outer drum, an inner drum is sleeved inside the outer drum, the inner drum is in the shape of a mesh, an interlayer cavity is formed between the outer drum and the inner drum, a circumferential blowing pipe and a circumferential suction pipe are arranged in the interlayer cavity, a central suction pipe is coaxially mounted inside the inner drum, a dividing fork plate is obliquely arranged on the outer wall of the central suction pipe, and a spiral baffle is connected to the inner wall of the inner drum.

[0010] Furthermore, the material shifting device of the dual-purpose spreading and withering machine includes a mounting support plate, wherein there are two mounting support plates and the two mounting support plates are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two side plate guide rails, and a main rotating rod is rotatably connected to the two side plate guide rails, and a mounting sleeve rod is sleeved on the main rotating rod, and shifting rods are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve rod, and the shifting rods extend to the surface of the withering conveying plate, and a material shifting motor is installed on the mounting support plate, and the main shaft of the material shifting motor is connected to the main rotating rod.

[0011] Furthermore, there are several material-dispensing devices which are evenly distributed along the track, the two ends of each side plate guide rail are connected end to end, and the withering conveying plate circulates along the side plate guide rail; the upper and lower layers of the spiral cone-shaped withering conveying plate are staggered.

[0012] Furthermore, the material tray oscillation assembly includes a support plate, a material tray, a fixed side plate, a spring and a fan pushing drive component. There are two fixed side plates and they are respectively connected to the left and right inner walls of the main box body. There are several springs and they are fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed side plate. The top end of the spring is connected to the support plate, and the material tray is placed on the support plate. The fan pushing drive component is connected to the bottom end of the adjacent upper support plate.

[0013] Further, the two air chamber outer boxes respectively form a left side air chamber and a right side air chamber with the left side wall and the right side wall of the main box body, and side air holes are opened on the left side wall and the right side wall of the main box body, and the air flow pump assembly comprises a heating bellows, a left air pump and a right air pump, the air outlet end of the left air pump is connected with a left cavity air inlet pipe and a right cavity air return pipe, the left cavity air inlet pipe is connected with the left air chamber, and the right cavity air return pipe is connected with the right air chamber, the air inlet end of the right air pump is connected with the right cavity air inlet pipe and the left cavity air return pipe, the right cavity air inlet pipe is connected with the right air chamber, and the left cavity air return pipe is connected with the left air chamber, the air inlet end of the left air pump is connected with the inner cavity of the heating bellows, and the air outlet end of the right air pump is connected with the inner cavity of the heating bellows, and the left cavity air inlet pipe, the right cavity air inlet pipe, the right cavity air return pipe and the left cavity return pipe are all equipped with air flow check valves.

[0014] Furthermore, the support plate includes a frame plate, a spacer plate and an inverted L-shaped pressure plate, the frame plate is rectangular, the spacer plate is connected in the middle of the frame plate by several longitudinal connections, the inverted L-shaped pressure plate is connected to the edge of the frame plate, the horizontal edge of the top of the inverted L-shaped pressure plate is bent inward, the material tray is placed on the frame plate and the spacer plate, and the horizontal edge of the top of the inverted L-shaped pressure plate is located above the top edge of the material tray.

[0015] Further, the fan pushing drive component includes a swivel seat, a threaded rod is connected to the swivel seat shaft, a fan kit is sleeved on the threaded rod, the lower end of the threaded rod is threadedly sleeved with a threaded sleeve rod, the transversely symmetrical side walls of the threaded sleeve rod are connected with a vertical slide groove, the bottom end of the threaded sleeve rod is connected with a pushing block, and several vertical slide grooves are connected by a slide groove connecting plate, and the slide groove connecting plate includes a main connecting plate, a T-shaped guide plate, and an arc side plate, one end of the main connecting plate is connected to the T-shaped guide plate and the arc side plate, the T-shaped guide plate is T-shaped, and the T-shaped guide plate is clamped in the vertical slide groove, and the arc side plate is an arc cover arranged on the outer periphery of the threaded sleeve rod, each section of the main connecting plate is connected by the arc side plate, and the main connecting plates at both ends are connected to the bottom surface of the fixed side plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the circumferential blowing pipe and circumferential suction pipe of the drum dryer are parallel to the central axis of the outer drum, there are several circumferential blowing pipes and circumferential suction pipes and they are staggered along the circumference of the interlayer cavity, several circumferential blowing pipes extend outside the interlayer cavity and are connected to the main blowing pipe, several circumferential suction pipes extend outside the interlayer cavity and are connected to the main suction pipe, the circumferential blowing pipe is provided with a through hole one on the outer wall on one side perpendicular to the central axis of the inner drum, and multiple through holes two are provided on the outer wall of the circumferential suction pipe; through holes three are evenly provided on the outer wall of the central suction pipe, the middle part of the spiral baffle is hollow, and the side of the spiral baffle is provided with a through hole four.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present application provides a method for processing black tea, which ensures that a beam of hot air can only pass through one layer of the withering conveyor plate when flowing from bottom to top or vice versa, and will not carry water vapor evaporated from the buds and leaves through the buds and leaves on another layer of the withering conveyor plate, thereby avoiding the influence of water vapor on the withering uniformity of the buds and leaves, and improving the uniformity and consistency of the withering of the buds and leaves.

[0019] 2. The present application provides a method for processing black tea. By opening and closing the airflow one-way valves on the left cavity air inlet pipe, the right cavity air inlet pipe, the right cavity air return pipe and the left cavity air return pipe of the fermentation machine, and cooperating with the left air pump and the right air pump to suck the air flow in the heating bellows, the left and right flow directions of the lateral airflow in the main box are controlled. The lateral airflow is used to drive the fan kit to rotate and finally drive the threaded sleeve rod to move up and down, thereby realizing the squeezing and release of the spring and the up and down oscillation function of the material tray, so that the buds and leaves on the material tray can flip over during the vibration. Due to the rotation of the fan kit, the lateral airflow is converted into an up and down airflow, thereby improving the consistency of the upper and lower temperatures of the bud and leaf layers on the material tray and improving the quality of the black tea.

[0020] 3. The present application provides a method for processing black tea, wherein a circumferential blowing pipe and a circumferential suction pipe are arranged in the interlayer cavity of a drum dryer, and the airflow blown toward the inner cavity of the inner cylinder by the circumferential blowing pipe will blow up the buds and leaves, thereby increasing the gap between the buds and leaves and the inner wall of the inner cylinder, facilitating the flipping and movement of the buds and leaves near the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and facilitating uniform drying of the buds and leaves. The hot air carrying water vapor in the inner cylinder and the interlayer cavity can be drawn outward through the through holes provided in the circumferential suction pipe, so as to facilitate the drying of the buds and leaves in the inner cylinder and the interlayer cavity. Water vapor is discharged by opening three through holes on the central suction pipe, so that the hot air carrying water vapor can be discharged from the middle of the inner cylinder, thereby improving the efficiency of hot air circulation in the inner cylinder and accelerating the drying efficiency of buds and leaves. The buds and leaves are dispersed by using the dividing fork plate to promote the exchange of the inside and outside of the bud and leaf layer, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of drying the buds and leaves. The spiral baffle with a hollow middle part is connected with the blowing main pipe or the suction main pipe to realize different functions of extracting moisture or turning or conveying hot air, thereby improving the versatility of the drum dryer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments disclosed in the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles disclosed in the present application.

[0022] The present disclosure may be more clearly understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-purpose machine for spreading and withering in this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a top view of the dual-purpose machine for spreading and withering in this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fermentation machine structure of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is the main view of the fermentation machine for this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a top view of the fermentation machine for this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a top view of the fermentation machine of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the support plate structure of the fermentation machine in this application;

[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the counterattack at point A;

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the chute connecting plate of this application;

[0032] Fig.10 This is the overall schematic diagram of the dryer for this application;

[0033] Fig.11 A cutaway perspective view of the dryer for this application;

[0034] Fig.12 Axial cross-sectional view of the dryer for this application.

[0035] In the figure: 11, side plate guide rail; 12, withering conveyor plate; 13, mounting support plate; 14, material picking motor; 15, main rotating rod; 16, mounting sleeve rod; 17, shifting rod;

[0036] 21. Outer cylinder; 22. Inner cylinder; 212. Interlayer cavity; 23. Circumferential blowing pipe; 24. Blowing main pipe; 25. Circumferential suction pipe; 26. Suction main pipe; 27. Central suction pipe; 28. Spiral baffle; 29. ​​Material dividing fork plate;

[0037] 31. Main box; 32. Air chamber outer box; 312. Side air chamber; 301. Side air hole; 33. Support plate; 331. Frame plate; 332. Spacer plate; 333. Inverted L-shaped pressure plate; 34. Material tray; 35. Fixed side plate; 36. Spring; 37. Fan push drive; 371. Rotating seat; 372. Threaded rod; 373. Fan kit; 374. Threaded sleeve rod; 375. Vertical slide; 3 76. Slide connecting plate; 3761. Main connecting plate; 3762. T-type guide plate; 3763. Arc side plate; 377. Push block; 38. Sealing door; 39. Air flow pump assembly; 391. Heating bellows; 392. Left air pump; 393. Right air pump; 394. Left cavity air inlet pipe; 395. Right cavity air inlet pipe; 396. Right cavity air return pipe; 397. Left cavity air return pipe; 398. Air flow one-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] Please see attached Figure 1 -Attached Fig.12 The black tea processing method proposed in this application is prepared by a system consisting of the following equipment:

[0040] A black tea processing system includes a tea spreading and withering machine, a rolling machine, a fermentation machine and a drying machine. Figure 1 and attached Figure 2As shown, the dual-purpose machine for spreading and withering includes a side plate guide rail 11, the number of which is two, a withering conveying plate 12 is slidably connected between the two side plate guide rails 11, the withering conveying plate 12 moves upward in a spiral cone along the side plate guide rail 11, the two ends of each side plate guide rail 11 are connected end to end, the withering conveying plate 12 moves cyclically along the side plate guide rail 11, and the upper and lower layers of the spiral cone-shaped withering conveying plate 12 are staggered. The dual-purpose machine for spreading and withering also includes a heating room for hot air withering, the side plate guide rails 11 and the withering conveying plate 12 are located in the heating room, and the hot air in the heating room is used to hot air wither the buds and leaves laid on the withering conveying plate 12. The side plate guide rails 11 guide the movement of the withering conveying plate 12. The withering conveying plate 12 is driven to move along the side plate guide rails 11 by the transmission rollers in the prior art. Since the upper and lower layers of the spiral cone-shaped withering conveying plate 12 are staggered, when a beam of hot air flows from bottom to top or from bottom to top, it can only pass through one layer of withering conveying plate 12, and will not carry water vapor evaporated from the buds and leaves through the buds and leaves on another layer of withering conveying plate 12, thereby avoiding the influence of water vapor on the uniformity of withering of buds and leaves, and improving the uniformity and consistency of withering of buds and leaves. A material shifting device is provided along the track of the withering conveying plate 12, and the material shifting device includes a mounting support plate 13, and there are two mounting support plates 13, and the two mounting support plates 13 are respectively provided on the outer sides of the two side plate guide rails 11, and the two side plate guide rails 11 are rotatably connected with a main rotating rod 15, and a mounting sleeve rod 16 is sleeved on the main rotating rod 15, and shifting rods 17 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve rod 16, and the shifting rods 17 extend to the surface of the withering conveying plate 12, and a material shifting motor 14 is installed on the mounting support plate 13, and the main shaft of the material shifting motor 14 is connected to the main rotating rod 15. By starting the material shifting motor 14, the main rotating rod 15 is driven to rotate, and then the mounting sleeve rod 16 and the shifting rod 17 connected to the mounting sleeve rod 16 are driven to rotate, and during the rotation of the shifting rod 17, the buds and leaves on the withering conveying plate 12 are shifted and turned over, so as to further improve the uniformity of the withering of the buds and leaves. When the material picking motor 14 is started, the withering conveyor plate 12 is required to move according to the side plate guide rail 11, so that the buds and leaves passing through the material picking device are all turned over. In order to reduce the moving distance of the withering conveyor plate 12 during one turning process, the number of material picking devices is several and evenly distributed along the track 2.

[0041] See attached Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 , Attachment Figure 5 , Attachment Figure 6 , Attachment Figure 7 , Attachment Figure 8 , Attachment Fig. 9 As shown, the fermentation machine includes a main box body 31, and an air cavity outer box 32 is provided on both sides of the main box body 31. A plurality of material tray oscillation assemblies are provided in the inner cavity of the main box body 31. A sealing door 38 is rotatably connected to the side of the air cavity outer box 32, and an air flow pump assembly 39 is provided on the top surface of the main box body 31.

[0042] The material tray oscillation assembly includes a support plate 33, a material tray 34, a fixed side plate 35, a spring 36 and a fan push drive 37. There are two fixed side plates 35 and they are respectively connected to the left and right inner walls of the main box body 31. There are several springs 36 and they are fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed side plates 35. The top end of the spring 36 is connected to the support plate 33. The material tray 34 is placed on the support plate 33. The fan push drive 37 is connected to the bottom end of the adjacent upper support plate 33.

[0043] The two air chamber outer boxes 32 respectively form a left air chamber 312 and a right air chamber 312 with the left side wall and the right side wall of the main box body 31, and the left side wall and the right side wall of the main box body 31 are provided with side air holes 301. The air flow pump assembly 39 includes a heating bellows 391, a left air pump 392 and a right air pump 393. The air outlet end of the left air pump 392 is connected to a left cavity air inlet pipe 394 and a right cavity air return pipe 396. The left cavity air inlet pipe 394 is connected to the left air chamber 312, and the right cavity air return pipe 396 is connected to the right air chamber 312. The air inlet end of the right air pump 393 is connected to the right cavity air inlet pipe 395 and the left cavity air return pipe 397. The right cavity air inlet pipe 395 is connected to the right side air cavity 312, and the left cavity air return pipe 397 is connected to the left side air cavity 312. The air inlet end of the left air pump 392 is connected to the inner cavity of the heating bellows 391, and the air outlet end of the right air pump 393 is connected to the inner cavity of the heating bellows 391. The left cavity air inlet pipe 394, the right cavity air inlet pipe 395, the right cavity air return pipe 396, and the left cavity air return pipe 397 are all installed with airflow check valves 398. During use, when the left air pump 392 is started, the opening and closing of the airflow check valve 398 on the left cavity air inlet pipe 394 and the right cavity air return pipe 396 determines that the left air pump 392 transports the hot air in the heating bellows 391 to the left air cavity 312 or the right air cavity 312. Similarly, when the right air pump 393 is started, the opening and closing of the airflow check valve 398 on the right cavity air inlet pipe 395 and the left cavity air return pipe 397 determines that the right air pump 393 draws the hot air in the right air cavity 312 or the left air cavity 312 back to the heating bellows 391.

[0044] The support plate 33 includes a frame plate 331, a spacer plate 332 and an inverted L-shaped pressing plate 333. The frame plate 331 is rectangular, and the spacer plate 332 is connected to the middle part of the frame plate 331 by a number of longitudinal connections. The inverted L-shaped pressing plate 333 is connected to the edge of the frame plate 331. The horizontal edge of the top of the inverted L-shaped pressing plate 333 is bent inward. The material tray 34 is a rectangular tray with a raised edge. The buds and leaves are laid in the material tray 34. When in use, the material tray 34 is pushed inward from the open side of the frame plate 331 where there is no inverted L-shaped pressing plate 333 onto the frame plate 331 and the spacer plate 332. At this time, the horizontal edge of the top of the inverted L-shaped pressing plate 333 is located above the top edge of the material tray 34. The inverted L-shaped pressing plate 333 limits the material tray 34, so that the material tray 34 is restricted on the support plate 33.

[0045] The fan push drive member 37 includes a swivel seat 371, a threaded rod 372 is connected to the rotating shaft of the swivel seat 371, a fan kit 373 is sleeved on the threaded rod 372, and the fan kit 373 includes blades and a sleeve shaft connecting several blades. The sleeve shaft is fixedly sleeved on the threaded rod 372, and the blades are ordinary fan blades. The lower end of the threaded rod 372 is threadedly sleeved with a threaded sleeve rod 374, and the laterally symmetrical side walls of the threaded sleeve rod 374 are connected with a vertical slide groove 375. The bottom end of the threaded sleeve rod 374 is connected with a pushing block 377. Several vertical slide grooves 375 are connected by a slide groove connecting plate 376. The slide groove connecting plate 376 includes a main connecting plate 3761, a T-shaped guide plate 3762, and an arc-shaped side plate 3763. One end of the main connecting plate 3761 is connected to the T-shaped guide plate 3762 and the arc-shaped side plate 3763. The T-shaped guide plate 3762 is T-shaped, and the T-shaped guide plate 3762 is clamped in the vertical slide groove 375. The arc-shaped side plate 3763 is an arc-shaped cover arranged on the outer periphery of the threaded sleeve rod 374. Each section of the main connecting plate 3761 is connected by the arc-shaped side plate 3763, and the main connecting plates 3761 at both ends are connected to the bottom surface of the fixed side plate 35. In the present application, three fan push drive members 37 are provided, with a total of six vertical slide grooves 375. Through the clamping connection between the T-shaped guide plate 3762 and the vertical slide groove 375, the vertical slide groove 375 cannot rotate around the central axis of the threaded rod 372, but can only move up and down along the T-shaped guide plate 3762 in the vertical direction. Since the vertical slide groove 375 is fixedly connected to the threaded sleeve rod 374, the threaded sleeve rod 374 can only move axially up and down but cannot rotate. Therefore, when the threaded rod 372 rotates, since the threaded rod 372 is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve rod 374, the threaded sleeve rod 374 will move up or down according to the different rotation directions of the threaded rod 372. When the threaded sleeve 374 moves downward until the pushing block 377 contacts the material tray 34, the threaded sleeve 374 continues to move downward to push the material tray 34 and the support plate 33 downward, and the support plate 33 squeezes the spring 36 so that the spring 36 is compressed. When the material tray 34 moves upward quickly, the material tray 34 and the support plate 33 will move upward under the elastic force of the spring 36, so that the pushing block 377 is separated from the surface of the material tray 34, and then the support plate 33 and the material tray 34 will vibrate under the elastic force of the spring 36, and the vibration will cause the buds and leaves on the material tray 34 to jump and flip, thereby realizing the function of turning over and flicking the buds and leaves.

[0046] When in use, the airflow check valve 398 on the left cavity air inlet pipe 394 is started, the airflow check valve 398 on the right cavity air return pipe 396 is closed, the airflow check valve 398 on the right cavity air inlet pipe 395 is started, and the airflow check valve 398 on the left cavity air return pipe 397 is closed. Then, the left air pump 392 pumps out the hot air in the heating bellows 391 and enters the left air cavity 312 through the left cavity air inlet pipe 394, and then enters the main box body 31 through the side air hole 301. , and because the right air pump 393 extracts the hot air in the right air chamber 312 through the right cavity air inlet pipe 395, the air flow in the main box 31 now flows from left to right, and the fan kit 373 rotates in the left and right air flow to drive the threaded rod 372 to rotate, and the rotation of the threaded rod 372 drives the threaded sleeve rod 374 to move downward to the pushing block 377 to squeeze the material tray 34 and push the spring 36 downward to deform; then close the air flow check valve 39 on the left cavity air inlet pipe 394 8. Open the air flow check valve 398 on the right cavity return air pipe 396, close the air flow check valve 398 on the right cavity air inlet pipe 395, open the air flow check valve 398 on the left cavity return air pipe 397, the left air pump 392 transports the hot air flow to the right air chamber 312 through the right cavity return air pipe 396, and the right air pump 393 extracts the hot air flow in the left air chamber 312. Therefore, the air flow direction in the main box 31 is changed to flow from right to left. In the right-left air flow, the right air pump 393 will flow in the reverse direction, driving the left air pump 392 to rotate in the reverse direction. Therefore, the left cavity air inlet pipe 394 will move upward. By increasing the power of the left air pump 392 and the left cavity air inlet pipe 394 or reasonably setting the elastic coefficient of the spring 36, the threaded sleeve 374 moves upward faster than the deformation speed of the spring 36, so that the spring 36 will vibrate when it bounces upward, and the vibration is used to realize the flipping of the buds and leaves on the material tray 34, thereby improving the fermentation quality. In addition, when the fan kit 373 rotates, it converts the horizontal airflow in the main box body 31 into a vertical airflow. The flow of air will improve the uniformity of the temperature of the buds and leaves, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the fermentation quality.

[0047] See attached Fig.10 , Attachment Fig.11 and attached Fig.12As shown, the drum dryer includes an outer cylinder 21, an inner cylinder 22 is sleeved inside the outer cylinder 21, the inner cylinder 22 is in the shape of a mesh, and an interlayer cavity 212 is formed between the outer cylinder 21 and the inner cylinder 22. A circumferential blowing pipe 23 and a circumferential suction pipe 25 are arranged in the interlayer cavity 212. A central suction pipe 27 is coaxially assembled inside the inner cylinder 22, and a dividing fork plate 29 is obliquely arranged on the outer wall of the central suction pipe 27. A spiral baffle 28 is connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder 22. The circumferential blowing pipe 23 and the circumferential suction pipe 25 of the drum dryer are parallel to the central axis of the outer cylinder 21. There are several circumferential blowing pipes 23 and circumferential suction pipes 25 and they are staggered along the circumference of the interlayer cavity 212. Several circumferential blowing pipes 23 extend outside the interlayer cavity 212 and are connected to the main blowing pipe 24. Several circumferential suction pipes 25 extend outside the interlayer cavity 212 and are connected to the main suction pipe 26. The circumferential blowing pipe 23 is provided with a through hole 1 on the outer wall of one side of the central axis of the inner cylinder 22 vertically, and a plurality of through holes 2 are provided on the outer wall of the circumferential suction pipe 25; through holes 3 are evenly provided on the outer wall of the central suction pipe 27, the middle part of the spiral baffle 28 is hollow, and through holes 4 are provided on the side of the spiral baffle 28.

[0048] When in use, the exhaust device is connected to the suction main pipe 26 to extract the gas in the suction main pipe 26, and the pumping device is connected to the blowing main pipe 24 to transport gas into the blowing main pipe 24. The circumferential blowing pipe 23 is connected to the blowing main pipe 24, and the through hole 1 provided on the circumferential blowing pipe 23 is directly opposite to the central axis of the inner tube 22. Therefore, the airflow transported from the blowing main pipe 24 to the circumferential blowing pipe 23 is blown into the inner cavity of the inner tube 22 through the through hole 1. Since the inner tube 22 is provided with buds and leaves, the airflow blown from the circumferential blowing pipe 23 to the inner cavity of the inner tube 22 will blow up the buds and leaves, thereby increasing the gap between the buds and leaves and the inner wall of the inner tube 22, so that the buds and leaves piled close to the inner wall of the inner tube 22 can be turned over and moved, so that the buds and leaves are dried evenly. In addition, the hot air carrying water vapor in the inner cylinder 22 and the interlayer cavity 212 can be drawn outward through the through hole 2 provided on the circumferential air suction pipe 25, so as to facilitate the discharge of water vapor in the inner cylinder 22 and the interlayer cavity 212. In addition, by providing a through hole 3 on the central air suction pipe 27, the hot air carrying water vapor can be discharged from the middle of the inner cylinder 22, thereby improving the efficiency of the hot air circulation in the inner cylinder 22 and accelerating the drying efficiency of the buds and leaves. In addition, a dividing fork plate 29 is provided on the outer wall of the central suction pipe 27. The position of the dividing fork plate 29 on the central suction pipe 27 depends on the rotation direction of the inner cylinder 22. In the drawings of the present application, the dividing fork plate 29 is arranged at a position at which the dividing fork plate 29 is tilted downward at a 45° angle horizontally on the right side of the central suction pipe 27. At this time, the inner cylinder 22 rotates counterclockwise. As the inner cylinder 22 rotates, the buds and leaves move to the right to a certain height and then flip over and fall, just falling on the dividing fork plate 29. The buds and leaves are dispersed by using the dividing fork plate 29 to promote the exchange of the inside and outside of the bud and leaf layers, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of drying the buds and leaves.

[0049] In addition, the middle of the spiral baffle 28 is hollow, and a through hole 4 is provided on the side of the spiral baffle 28. The spiral baffle 28 can be connected to the blowing main pipe 24 or the suction main pipe 26, wherein the position of the through hole 4 on the two sides of the spiral baffle 28 and whether the spiral baffle 28 is connected to the blowing main pipe 24 or the suction main pipe 26 is determined according to the function of the spiral baffle 28. When the spiral baffle 28 is connected to the suction main pipe 26, the through hole 4 is used to suck and discharge the air in the inner cylinder 22. If the inner cylinder 22 rotates counterclockwise, the through hole 4 can only be provided on the lower side of the spiral baffle 28, as shown in the attached manual. Fig.11 As shown, the through hole 4 is used to discharge the hot air carrying water vapor; when the spiral baffle 28 is connected to the main blowing pipe 24, it is used to transport the dry hot air into the inner cylinder 22. At this time, the through hole 4 can be opened on the upper side or lower side of the spiral baffle 28. When it is opened on the lower side of the spiral baffle 28, the buds and leaves falling from the upper part of the inner cylinder 22 can be blown and dried. When it is opened on the upper side of the spiral baffle 28, the buds and leaves accumulated on the spiral baffle 28 can be blown and dried. Therefore, the through hole 4 is opened according to the needs, and the spiral baffle 28 is connected to the main blowing pipe 24 or the main suction pipe 26 according to the needs.

[0050] Based on the above system, the present application proposes a method for processing black tea, comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1. Picking: Pick one bud and two or three leaves or small open (three or four leaves) fresh leaves;

[0052] S2, spreading and withering: the fresh leaves are spread in a spreading and withering machine for spreading and withering, the thickness of the fresh leaves is between 2cm and 3cm, and the spreading and withering process is turned over, which takes 30min to 60min;

[0053] S3, rolling and twisting: put the withered buds and leaves into the rolling machine after drying, and roll them. The pressure principle is: air pressure for 3-5 minutes, light pressure for 5 minutes, heavy pressure for 10 minutes, and light pressure for 5 minutes. Roll the tea leaves appropriately to make them curl and squeeze out the tea juice. After loosening the pressure, remove the leaves from the machine and roll them again for 15-20 minutes until the leaves are compacted.

[0054] S4, fermentation: placing the deblocked buds and leaves in a fermentation machine for fermentation, the fermentation process is carried out indoors at 25 to 28° C., and the fermentation time is 5 to 6 hours;

[0055] S5, drying: the fermented buds and leaves are conveyed to a drum dryer and dried at a temperature of 380-400° C. for 2-5 minutes.

Claims

1. A method for processing black tea, characterized in that: Including the following processes: S1. Picking: Pick one bud and two or three leaves or small open fresh leaves; S2, spreading and withering: the fresh leaves are spread in a spreading and withering machine for spreading and withering, the thickness of the fresh leaves is between 2 cm and 3 cm, and the spreading and withering process is performed by turning the leaves over, which takes 30 minutes to 60 minutes; the spreading and withering machine comprises a side plate guide rail (11), the number of the side plate guide rails (11) is two, a withering conveying plate (12) is slidably connected between the two side plate guide rails (11), the withering conveying plate (12) moves upward in a spiral cone along the side plate guide rail (11), and a material shifting device is provided along the track of the withering conveying plate (12); S3, rolling and twisting: put the withered buds and leaves into the rolling machine after drying, and roll them. The pressure principle is: air pressure for 3-5 minutes, light pressure for 5 minutes, heavy pressure for 10 minutes, and light pressure for 5 minutes. Roll the tea leaves appropriately to make them curl and squeeze out the tea juice. After loosening the pressure, remove the leaves from the machine and roll them again for 15-20 minutes until the leaves are compacted. S4, fermentation: placing the deblocked buds and leaves in a fermentation machine for fermentation, the fermentation process is carried out in an indoor environment of 25 to 28° C., and the fermentation time is 5 to 6 hours; the fermentation machine comprises a main box (31), both sides of the main box (31) are provided with an air cavity outer box (32), the inner cavity of the main box (31) is provided with a plurality of material tray oscillation assemblies, the side of the air cavity outer box (32) is rotatably connected with a sealing door (38), and the top surface of the main box (31) is provided with an air flow pump assembly (39); S5, drying: conveying the fermented buds and leaves to a drum dryer and drying them at a temperature of 380-400° C. for 2-5 minutes; the drum dryer comprises an outer drum (21), the inner drum (21) is sleeved with an inner drum (22), the inner drum (22) is in the shape of a mesh screen, an interlayer cavity (212) is formed between the outer drum (21) and the inner drum (22), a circumferential blowing pipe (23) and a circumferential suction pipe (25) are arranged in the interlayer cavity (212), the inner drum (22) is coaxially equipped with a central suction pipe (27), a material distribution fork plate (29) is obliquely arranged on the outer wall of the central suction pipe (27), and a spiral baffle (28) is connected to the inner wall of the inner drum (22).

2. The method for processing black tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material shifting device of the dual-purpose spreading and withering machine comprises a mounting support plate (13), wherein there are two mounting support plates (13) and the two mounting support plates (13) are respectively arranged on the outer sides of two side plate guide rails (11), and a main rotating rod (15) is rotatably connected to the two side plate guide rails (11), and a mounting sleeve rod (16) is sleeved on the main rotating rod (15), and shifting rods (17) are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve rod (16), and the shifting rods (17) extend to the surface of the withering conveying plate (12), and a material shifting motor (14) is installed on the mounting support plate (13), and the main shaft of the material shifting motor (14) is connected to the main rotating rod (15).

3. The method for processing black tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are several material-dispensing devices which are evenly distributed along the track (2); the two ends of each side plate guide rail (11) are connected end to end; the withering conveying plate (12) moves cyclically along the side plate guide rail (11); the upper and lower layers of the spiral cone-shaped withering conveying plate (12) are staggered.

4. The method for processing black tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material tray oscillation assembly comprises a support plate (33), a material tray (34), a fixed side plate (35), a spring (36) and a fan pushing drive member (37); there are two fixed side plates (35) which are respectively connected to the left and right inner walls of the main box body (31); there are a plurality of springs (36) which are fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed side plate (35); the top end of the spring (36) is connected to the support plate (33); the material tray (34) is placed on the support plate (33); and the fan pushing drive member (37) is connected to the bottom end of the adjacent upper support plate (33).

5. The method for processing black tea according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two air cavity outer boxes (32) respectively form a left air cavity (312) and a right air cavity (312) with the left side wall and the right side wall of the main box body (31), and the left side wall and the right side wall of the main box body (31) are both provided with side air holes (301). The air flow pump assembly (39) comprises a heating bellows (391), a left air pump (392) and a right air pump (393). The air outlet end of the left air pump (392) is connected to a left cavity air inlet pipe (394) and a right cavity air return pipe (396). The left cavity air inlet pipe (394) is connected to the left air cavity (312), and the right cavity air return pipe (396) is connected to the right air cavity (312). The air inlet end of the right air pump (393) is connected to a right cavity air inlet pipe (395) and a left cavity air return pipe (397); the right cavity air inlet pipe (395) is connected to the right cavity air cavity (312); the left cavity air return pipe (397) is connected to the left cavity air cavity (312); the air inlet end of the left air pump (392) is connected to the inner cavity of the heating bellows (391); the air outlet end of the right air pump (393) is connected to the inner cavity of the heating bellows (391); and the left cavity air inlet pipe (394), the right cavity air inlet pipe (395), the right cavity air return pipe (396), and the left cavity air return pipe (397) are all equipped with airflow check valves (398).

6. The method for processing black tea according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support plate (33) comprises a frame plate (331), a spacer plate (332) and an inverted L-shaped pressing plate (333); the frame plate (331) is rectangular; a plurality of the spacer plates (332) are longitudinally connected to the middle of the frame plate (331); the inverted L-shaped pressing plate (333) is connected to the edge of the frame plate (331); the horizontal edge of the top of the inverted L-shaped pressing plate (333) is bent inward; the material tray (34) is placed on the frame plate (331) and the spacer plate (332); and the horizontal edge of the top of the inverted L-shaped pressing plate (333) is located above the top edge of the material tray (34).

7. The method for processing black tea according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fan push drive member (37) comprises a rotating seat (371), a threaded rod (372) is connected to the rotating shaft of the rotating seat (371), a fan set (373) is sleeved on the threaded rod (372), a threaded sleeve rod (374) is threadedly sleeved on the lower end of the threaded rod (372), a vertical slide groove (375) is connected to the transversely symmetrical side wall of the threaded sleeve rod (374), a push block (377) is connected to the bottom end of the threaded sleeve rod (374), and a plurality of vertical slide grooves (375) are connected by a slide groove connecting plate (376), and the slide groove connecting plate (376) comprises a main connecting plate (37 61), a T-shaped guide plate (3762), and an arc-shaped side plate (3763), one end of the main connecting plate (3761) is connected to the T-shaped guide plate (3762) and the arc-shaped side plate (3763), the T-shaped guide plate (3762) is T-shaped, the T-shaped guide plate (3762) is clamped in the vertical slide groove (375), the arc-shaped side plate (3763) is an arc-shaped cover arranged on the outer periphery of the threaded sleeve rod (374), each section of the main connecting plate (3761) is connected by the arc-shaped side plate (3763), and the main connecting plates (3761) at both ends are connected to the bottom surface of the fixed side plate (35).

8. The method for processing black tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential blowing pipe (23) and the circumferential suction pipe (25) of the drum dryer are parallel to the central axis of the outer cylinder (21). There are a plurality of circumferential blowing pipes (23) and circumferential suction pipes (25) which are staggeredly distributed along the circumference of the interlayer cavity (212). A plurality of circumferential blowing pipes (23) extend outside the interlayer cavity (212) and are connected to a main blowing pipe (24). A plurality of circumferential suction pipes (25) extend outside the interlayer cavity (212) and are connected to a main suction pipe (26). A through hole 1 is provided on the outer wall of the circumferential blowing pipe (23) on one side perpendicular to the central axis of the inner cylinder (22). A plurality of through holes 2 are provided on the outer wall of the circumferential suction pipe (25). A plurality of through holes 3 are evenly provided on the outer wall of the central suction pipe (27). The middle portion of the spiral baffle (28) is hollow, and a through hole 4 is provided on the side of the spiral baffle (28).

Images