Production process of active suspended pellet feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a production process of an active suspended pellet feed, the suspension property of the pellet feed can be effectively improved by adding the working procedures of quality guarantee, post-curing and the like after raw material selection, crushing degree and double-fork hardening and tempering, and in practical application, the pellet feed prepared by the invention can suspend in water for 8-15 minutes; moreover, the pellet feed is high in gelatinization degree and good in stability in water, and the internal structure of the pellet feed can still keep certain stability even if the pellet feed is soaked in water for 9 minutes, so that foraging of aquatic animals is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and specifically discloses a production process of active suspended particle feeds. Background Art

[0002] Floating feeds used in aquaculture can float in the water for a long time, so that aquatic animals can easily prey on them, thereby improving the utilization rate of bait and reducing the impact on water quality. Pellet feeds do not require high temperature, high pressure and high humidity treatment like puffed feeds, so the nutritional loss is small, but the suspension of pellet feeds is relatively poor, and aquatic animals settle to the bottom of the breeding pond before they have time to eat, making it impossible to fully utilize the bait. The main reason is that the specific gravity is large and the hydrophilicity is good. In the prior art, in order to increase or improve the suspension of pellet feeds, the method generally adopted is to spray oil on the surface of the pellet feed to increase the hydrophobicity of the pellet feed by oil. However, this method will not only reduce the gelatinization rate of starch, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the pellets, but also reduce the durability of the pellets, making the pellets easier to break during transportation and storage. In addition, the addition of oil may also affect the stability and bioavailability of other effective ingredients in the feed, such as drugs, vitamins, etc. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a production process for active suspended granular feed, which can prepare a suspended granular feed with good absorption, good stability and high activity by controlling multiple aspects such as raw material control and processing technology.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An active suspended pellet feed production process is achieved through the following main steps: Step 1) Raw material selection: According to the pellet feed ingredient standard, select raw materials with a specific gravity of 0.9-1.2 for matching; this step lays a solid foundation for the suspension effect of the pellet feed by controlling the specific gravity of the raw materials; Step 2) Pretreatment: Ultrafinely grind the raw materials to a fineness of 80-100 mesh; the purpose of this step is to release more effective ingredients, facilitate the uniformity of subsequent conditioning and ensure 100% gelatinization of starch, and ultimately improve the digestibility and absorption rate of pellet feed products and product stability; Step 3) Double-fork conditioning: Use a double-fork conditioner for conditioning, and control the conditioning temperature to 88-90°C, the conditioning time to 1-3 minutes, and the steam introduction ratio to 15%-20% of the total weight of the raw materials; this step can not only kill pathogenic microorganisms in the raw materials, but also promote starch gelatinization and protein deformation, and enhance the stability of pellet feed and its water retention; Step 4) Shelf life: The temperature is 90-92°C, the shelf life is 3 minutes, and the steam introduction ratio is 25%-30% of the total weight of the raw materials; the purpose of this step is to extend the time the material is at high temperature and further promote starch gelatinization; Step 5) Granulation: using a ring die granulator, and controlling the ring die compression ratio to 1:22; Step 6) Post-ripening: The temperature is controlled at 88-92°C, the time is 30-40 minutes, and the steam introduction ratio is 5%-15% of the total weight of the raw materials; the purpose of this step is to allow starch and protein to form a complex to wrap the surface of the particles to form a membrane during the heating process, and the moisture inside the particles begins to convert into water vapor due to heating. Since the membrane on the surface of the particles cannot be discharged, it can only accumulate inside the particles, resulting in an increase in the pressure inside the particles. When the pressure exceeds a certain limit, the particles explode and the inside of the particles rapidly expands to form a porous structure; Step 7) Cooling: Use a cooler to cool, and control the cooling time to 25-35 minutes; Step 8) Screening and packaging.

[0005] Preferably, in the above step 1), the raw materials are specifically matched as follows: soybean meal 40%-50%, green cake 20%-30%, wheat 10%-20%, monocalcium phosphate 1%-3%, meat meal 5%-10%, fish meal 1%-3%, and additives 0-1%.

[0006] Preferably, in the above step 2), the coated composite probiotics are added after the raw materials are ultrafinely pulverized, wherein the amount of the coated composite probiotics added is 1%-2% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0007] Preferably, in the above step 3), a thermostable enzyme (cellulase + pectinase type I) is added before conditioning to achieve a short fermentation enzymolysis during the conditioning process, and the amount of thermostable enzyme added is 0.4% of the total weight of the raw material formula.

[0008] Preferably, in step 7), cooling is carried out by controlling the wind force and wind temperature in sections to gradually reduce the temperature. Specifically, hot air with a temperature of 60°C-70°C is first blown for 5-10 minutes and the wind speed is controlled at 5-8m / s, then changed to hot air with a temperature of 40°C-50°C for 5-10 minutes and the wind speed is controlled at 10-12m / s, and finally changed to normal temperature wind with a temperature of 20-30°C for 15 minutes and the wind speed is controlled at 13-15m / s.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention can effectively improve the suspension of pellet feed by controlling the specific gravity of raw materials and adding a post-ripening process after pelleting. In practical applications, the pellet feed prepared by the present invention can be suspended in water for 8-15 minutes; 2. The pellet feed prepared by the present invention has a high degree of gelatinization and good stability in water. Even if it is soaked in water for 9 minutes, the internal structure of the pellets can still maintain a certain stability, which is more conducive to foraging for aquatic animals, reduces feed waste, and reduces water pollution; 3. The present invention can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms and remove anti-nutritional factors in raw materials through long-term high-temperature treatment, greatly improving the safety and absorption conversion rate of feed; 4. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the raw materials in the present invention can not only improve the digestion and absorption rate of the feed, but also because the added beneficial bacteria and enzyme preparations can withstand high temperatures, the prepared pellet feed has a certain activity, thereby improving the disease resistance and stress resistance of aquatic animals, and is very suitable for high-density aquaculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The present invention is now further described in conjunction with specific embodiments. The parts not described in detail below are all carried out according to the prior art in the art.

[0011] Embodiment 1 The active suspended pellet feed production process of this embodiment is achieved through the following steps: Step 1) Select the following raw materials in weight percentage: soybean meal (specific gravity of about 0.8) 40%, green cake (specific gravity of about 0.8) 28%, wheat (specific gravity of about 1.2) 18%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, meat meal 8%, fish meal 3%, additives 1%; wherein the additives are conventional additives in pellet feed, such as fatty acids or minerals or antioxidants or attractants; Step 2) After the raw materials are purchased, they should be subjected to magnetic separation, preliminary crushing, weighing according to the formula ratio, mixing in a mixer in the conventional manner, and then sent to an ultrafine grinder to be crushed to a fineness of 80 meshes, and then the coated composite probiotics (the probiotics are a mixture of Bacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and yeast, and the content is 510 million CFU of Bacillus / gram of composite probiotics, 204 million CFU of Lactobacillus acidophilus / gram of composite probiotics, and 350 million CFU of yeast / gram of composite probiotics; the coating wall material of the coated composite probiotics is chitosan) are mixed evenly, wherein the amount of coated composite probiotics added is 2% of the total weight of the raw materials; Step 3) A double-fork conditioner is used for conditioning. First, a thermostable enzyme (70% thermostable cellulase + 30% thermostable pectinase type I, calculated by weight ratio) and 10% water of the total weight of the raw materials are added to the double-fork conditioner. The amount of thermostable enzyme added is 0.4% of the total weight of the raw material formula. Then, steam is introduced into the conditioner in a sealed state. The amount of steam introduced is 20% of the total weight of the raw materials. The conditioning temperature is controlled to be 90° C. and the conditioning time is 2 min. Step 4) The double-fork quenched and tempered material is sent to a conditioner for quality preservation, and then steam is introduced into the conditioner in a sealed state. The amount of steam introduced is 25% of the total weight of the raw materials. The temperature of the quality preservation process is controlled at 92°C and the quality preservation time is 3 minutes; Step 5) Granulation: After the quality assurance is completed, it is sent to the ring die granulator for conventional granulation, and the ring die compression ratio is controlled to be 1:22; Step 6) After the granulation is completed, it is sent to the post-ripening equipment, and water vapor is introduced in a sealed state. The steam introduction amount is 10% of the total weight of the raw materials. The temperature of the post-ripening process is controlled at 92°C and the time is 30 minutes; Step 7) The post-ripened pellet feed is sent to the fluidized bed cooler for cooling. The cooling air is blown upwards, first using hot air at a temperature of 60°C-70°C for 10 minutes with a wind speed of 5m / s, then changing to hot air at a temperature of 40°C-50°C for 10 minutes with a wind speed of 10m / s, and finally changing to normal temperature air at a temperature of 20-30°C for 15 minutes with a wind speed of 13m / s; Step 8) Screening and packaging in the usual manner.

[0012] The pellet feed prepared in this embodiment has a density of about 0.69 g / cm³ and is put into the aquaculture water body. The time required from the time of being put into the test pond to sinking to the bottom (the average time for more than 95% of the pellets to sink to the bottom of the pond in the test) is about 14.6 minutes. All the pellets are intact and have no obvious changes in shape before soaking in water for 9 minutes. After soaking in water for 9 minutes, some pellets begin to partially dissolve. After soaking in water for about 15 minutes, 90% of the pellets are incomplete and crumbs are detached from the pellets.

[0013] Embodiment 2 The active suspended pellet feed production process of this embodiment is achieved through the following steps: Step 1) selecting the following raw materials in weight percentage: soybean meal (specific gravity of about 0.8) 45%, green cake (specific gravity of about 0.8) 28%, wheat (specific gravity of about 1.2) 13%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, meat meal 8%, fish meal 3%, additives 1%; wherein the additives are conventional additives in pellet feed, such as fatty acids or minerals or antioxidants or attractants; Step 2) After the raw materials are purchased, they should be subjected to magnetic separation, preliminary crushing, weighing according to the formula ratio, mixing in a mixer in the conventional manner, and then sent to an ultrafine grinder to be crushed to a fineness of 100 meshes, and then the coated composite probiotics (the probiotics are a mixture of Bacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and yeast, and the content is 510 million CFU of Bacillus / gram of composite probiotics, 204 million CFU of Lactobacillus acidophilus / gram of composite probiotics, and 350 million CFU of yeast / gram of composite probiotics; the coating wall material of the coated composite probiotics is chitosan) are mixed evenly, wherein the amount of coated composite probiotics added is 1% of the total weight of the raw materials; Step 3) A double-fork conditioner is used for conditioning. First, a thermostable enzyme (70% thermostable cellulase + 30% thermostable pectinase type I, calculated by weight ratio) and 15% water of the total weight of the raw materials are added to the double-fork conditioner. The amount of thermostable enzyme added is 0.4% of the total weight of the raw material formula. Then, steam is introduced into the conditioner in a sealed state. The amount of steam introduced is 15% of the total weight of the raw materials. The conditioning temperature is controlled to be 88° C. and the conditioning time is 1-3 min. Step 4) The double-fork quenched and tempered material is sent to a quality-preserving device for quality preservation, and then steam is introduced into the conditioner in a sealed state. The amount of steam introduced is 30% of the total weight of the raw materials. The temperature of the quality preservation process is controlled to be 90°C and the quality preservation time is 3 minutes; Step 5) Granulation: After the quality assurance is completed, it is sent to the ring die granulator for conventional granulation, and the ring die compression ratio is controlled to be 1:22; Step 6) After the granulation is completed, it is sent to the post-ripening equipment, and steam is introduced in a sealed state. The steam introduction amount is 5% of the total weight of the raw materials. The temperature of the post-ripening process is controlled to be 90°C and the time is 40 minutes; Step 7) The post-ripened pellet feed is sent to the fluidized bed cooler for cooling. The cooling air is blown upwards, first using hot air at a temperature of 60°C-70°C for 5 minutes and a wind speed of 8m / s, then changing to hot air at a temperature of 40°C-50°C for 5 minutes and a wind speed of 12m / s, and finally changing to normal temperature air at a temperature of 20-30°C for 15 minutes and a wind speed of 15m / s; Step 8) Screening and packaging in the usual manner.

[0014] The pellet feed prepared in this embodiment has a density of about 0.67 g / cm³ and is put into the aquaculture water body. The time from the time of being put into the test pond to sinking to the bottom (the average time for more than 95% of the pellets to sink to the bottom of the pond in the test) is about 15.0 minutes. In the first 9 minutes of soaking in water, basically all the pellets are intact and there is no obvious change in shape. After soaking in water for 9 minutes, some pellets begin to partially dissolve. After soaking in water for about 15 minutes, 92% of the pellets are incomplete and crumbs are detached from the pellets.

[0015] Comparative Example 1 The production process of active suspended pellet feed in this comparative example is achieved through the following steps: Step 1) Select the following raw materials in weight percentage: soybean meal (specific gravity of about 0.8) 40%, green cake (specific gravity of about 0.8) 28%, wheat (specific gravity of about 1.2) 18%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, meat meal 8%, fish meal 3%, additives 1%; wherein the additives are conventional additives in pellet feed, such as fatty acids or minerals or antioxidants or attractants; Step 2) After the raw materials are purchased, they should be subjected to magnetic separation, preliminary crushing, weighing according to the formula ratio, mixing in a mixer in the conventional manner, and then sent to an ultrafine grinder to be crushed to a fineness of 80 meshes, and then the coated composite probiotics (the probiotics are a mixture of Bacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and yeast, and the content is 510 million CFU of Bacillus / gram of composite probiotics, 204 million CFU of Lactobacillus acidophilus / gram of composite probiotics, and 350 million CFU of yeast / gram of composite probiotics; the coating wall material of the coated composite probiotics is chitosan) are mixed evenly, wherein the amount of coated composite probiotics added is 2% of the total weight of the raw materials; Step 3) A double-fork conditioner is used for conditioning. First, a thermostable enzyme (70% thermostable cellulase + 30% thermostable pectinase type I, calculated by weight ratio) and 10% water of the total weight of the raw materials are added to the double-fork conditioner. The amount of thermostable enzyme added is 0.4% of the total weight of the raw material formula. Then, steam is introduced into the conditioner in a sealed state. The amount of steam introduced is 20% of the total weight of the raw materials. The conditioning temperature is controlled to be 90° C. and the conditioning time is 2 min. Step 4) Granulation: After the conditioning is completed, the pellets are sent to the ring die pelletizer for conventional granulation, and the ring die compression ratio is controlled to be 1:22; Step 5) After the granulation is completed, it is sent to the post-ripening equipment, and water vapor is introduced in a sealed state. The steam introduction amount is 10% of the total weight of the raw materials. The temperature of the post-ripening process is controlled at 92°C and the time is 30 minutes; Step 6) The post-ripened pellet feed is sent to the fluidized bed cooler for cooling. The cooling air is blown upwards, first using hot air at a temperature of 60°C-70°C for 10 minutes with a wind speed of 5m / s, then changing to hot air at a temperature of 40°C-50°C for 10 minutes with a wind speed of 10m / s, and finally changing to normal temperature air at a temperature of 20-30°C for 15 minutes with a wind speed of 13m / s; Step 7) Screening and packaging in the usual manner.

[0016] The pellet feed prepared in this comparative example has a density of about 0.70 g / cm³ and is put into the aquaculture water body. The time required from the time of being put into the test pond to sinking to the bottom (the average time for more than 95% of the pellets to sink to the bottom of the pond in the test) is about 13.8 minutes. All the pellets are intact and have no obvious changes in shape 7 minutes before soaking in water. After soaking in water for 7 minutes, some pellets begin to partially dissolve. After soaking in water for about 15 minutes, 92% of the pellets are incomplete and crumbs are detached from the pellets.

[0017] Comparative Example 2 The production process of active suspended pellet feed in this comparative example is achieved through the following steps: Step 1) Select the following raw materials in weight percentage: soybean meal (specific gravity of about 0.8) 40%, green cake (specific gravity of 0.8) 28%, wheat (specific gravity of about 1.2) 18%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, meat meal 8%, fish meal 3%, additives 1%; wherein the additives are conventional additives in pellet feed, such as fatty acids or minerals or antioxidants or attractants; Step 2) After the raw materials are purchased, they should be subjected to magnetic separation, preliminary crushing, weighing according to the formula ratio, mixing in a mixer in the conventional manner, and then sent to an ultrafine grinder to be crushed to a fineness of 80 meshes, and then the coated composite probiotics (the probiotics are a mixture of Bacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and yeast, and the content is 510 million CFU of Bacillus / gram of composite probiotics, 204 million CFU of Lactobacillus acidophilus / gram of composite probiotics, and 350 million CFU of yeast / gram of composite probiotics; the coating wall material of the coated composite probiotics is chitosan) are mixed evenly, wherein the amount of coated composite probiotics added is 2% of the total weight of the raw materials; Step 3) A double-fork conditioner is used for conditioning. First, a thermostable enzyme (70% thermostable cellulase + 30% thermostable pectinase type I, calculated by weight ratio) and 10% water of the total weight of the raw materials are added to the double-fork conditioner. The amount of thermostable enzyme added is 0.4% of the total weight of the raw material formula. Then, steam is introduced into the conditioner in a sealed state. The amount of steam introduced is 20% of the total weight of the raw materials. The conditioning temperature is controlled to be 90° C. and the conditioning time is 2 min. Step 4) The double-fork quenched and tempered material is sent to a conditioner for quality preservation, and then steam is introduced into the conditioner in a sealed state. The amount of steam introduced is 25% of the total weight of the raw materials. The temperature of the quality preservation process is controlled at 92°C and the quality preservation time is 3 minutes; Step 5) Granulation: After the quality assurance is completed, it is sent to the ring die granulator for conventional granulation, and the ring die compression ratio is controlled to be 1:22; Step 6) The pelletized feed is sent to the fluidized bed cooler for cooling. The cooling air is blown upwards. First, hot air with a temperature of 60℃-70℃ is used for 10 minutes and the wind speed is controlled at 5m / s. Then, hot air with a temperature of 40℃-50℃ is used for 10 minutes and the wind speed is controlled at 10m / s. Finally, it is changed to normal temperature air with a temperature of 20-30℃ for 15 minutes and the wind speed is controlled at 13m / s. Step 7) Screening and packaging in the usual manner.

[0018] The pellet feed prepared in this comparative example has a density of about 0.85g / cm³ and is put into the aquaculture water body. The time required from the time of being put into the test pond to sinking to the bottom (the average time for more than 95% of the pellets to sink to the bottom of the pond in the test) is about 8 minutes. All the pellets are intact and have no obvious changes in shape 2 minutes before soaking in water. After soaking in water for 2 minutes, some pellets begin to partially dissolve. After soaking in water for about 15 minutes, 99% of the pellets are incomplete and crumbs are detached from the pellets.

Claims

1. A process for producing active suspended pellet feed, characterized in that: This is accomplished by: Step 1) Raw material selection: According to the pellet feed ingredient standard, select raw materials with a specific gravity of 0.9-1.2 for matching; Step 2) Pretreatment: Ultrafine grinding of raw materials to a fineness of 80-100 mesh; Step 3) Double fork conditioning: Use a double fork conditioner for conditioning, and control the conditioning temperature to 88-90°C, the conditioning time to 1-3 minutes, and the steam introduction ratio to 15%-20% of the total weight of the raw materials; Step 4) Shelf life: temperature is 90-92°C, shelf life is 3 minutes, and the steam introduction ratio is 25%-30% of the total weight of the raw materials; Step 5) Granulation: using a ring die granulator, and controlling the ring die compression ratio to 1:22; Step 6) Post-ripening: the temperature is controlled at 88-92°C, the time is 30-40 minutes, and the steam introduction ratio is 5%-15% of the total weight of the raw materials; Step 7) Cooling: Use a cooler to cool, and control the cooling time to 25-35 minutes; Step 8) Screening and packaging.

2. The process for producing active suspended pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above step 1), the raw materials are specifically matched as follows: soybean meal 40%-50%, green cake 20%-30%, wheat 10%-20%, monocalcium phosphate 1%-3%, meat meal 5%-10%, fish meal 1%-3%, and additives 0-1%.

3. The process for producing active suspended pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above step 2), the coated composite probiotics are added after the raw materials are ultrafinely pulverized, wherein the amount of the coated composite probiotics added is 1%-2% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

4. The process for producing active suspended pellet feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the above step 3), the thermostable enzyme is added before conditioning, and the amount of the thermostable enzyme added is 0.4% of the total weight of the raw material formula.

5. The process for producing active suspended pellet feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 7), cooling adopts a segmented control of wind force and wind temperature to gradually reduce the temperature. Specifically, first use hot air with a temperature of 60℃-70℃ for 5-10min and a wind speed of 5-8m / s, then change to hot air with a temperature of 40℃-50℃ for 5-10min and a wind speed of 10-12m / s, and finally change to normal temperature wind with a temperature of 20-30℃ for 15min and a wind speed of 13-15m / s.