Closed filtering and collecting device for nanometer material purification

Abstract

The invention discloses a closed filtering and collecting device for nanometer material purification, and relates to the technical field of nanometer material purification, the closed filtering and collecting device comprises a purification tank main body; the interior of the purification tank main body is divided into a filter chamber, a purification chamber and a blanking chamber, a hollow pipe is arranged in the middle of the purification chamber, fixed filter pipes are annularly and uniformly distributed on the periphery of the hollow pipe, and a nano material is settled and purified in the fixed filter pipes; a piston plate is movably arranged in the hollow pipe, and a movable inner cylinder is movably arranged on the outer side of the fixed filter pipe. According to the invention, stable ascending airflow disturbance can be provided in the purification and sedimentation process of the nano material, so that the floating purification treatment time of the nano material in the fixed filter tube is prolonged; meanwhile, airflow disturbance in the horizontal direction is carried out to promote the purified gas to be in full contact with the nanometer material; metal impurities in the carbon nanotubes are fully reacted with purified gas, the metal impurities are separated from the carbon nanotubes, the high-purity carbon nanotubes are prepared, the steps are simple, the conditions are mild, and high efficiency and rapidness are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nano material purification, in particular to a closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nano materials. Background Art

[0002] Nanomaterials significantly change performance through their nanoscale features. Compared with traditional materials, materials made of nanoparticles exhibit superior mechanical properties and have unique electrical and magnetic properties. The large surface area of ​​nanoparticles promotes rapid reactions and may lead to the creation of new materials. The application of nanotechnology heralds the development of new materials with broad practical applications in many fields, including mechanics, optics, electricity, and chemistry. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as a new type of one-dimensional nanomaterial, are lightweight, have perfectly connected hexagonal structures, and have excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, temperature resistance, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties. They are widely used in new energy, transparent displays, antistatic, semiconductors, engineering plastics, and other fields. Including use as micro molds, preparation of nanoscale wires and nanoelectronic devices, etc. Carbon nanotube-reinforced plastics, carbon nanotube-reinforced ceramic composites, metal-based composites, etc. can also be made.

[0003] The current methods for preparing carbon nanotubes mainly include arc discharge, laser etching, chemical vapor deposition, solid phase pyrolysis, flame synthesis, glow discharge and polymerization synthesis. However, most of the commonly used preparation methods are accompanied by a considerable amount of impurities. For example, the participation of some metal catalysts will often cause the corresponding metal substances to remain in the crude carbon nanotubes, which affects the performance of carbon nanotubes and greatly hinders the further promotion and application of carbon nanotubes. In order to obtain high-purity carbon nanotubes, it is necessary to purify the nanomaterials during processing.

[0004] Most existing carbon nanotube purification methods use chemical methods. According to the properties of the impurity particles themselves, chemical reagents such as gas, acid, and salt are used to react with them to generate volatile or soluble substances to achieve the effect of separation and purification. For example, CN104401963A is a method for purifying carbon nanotubes that can remove residual metals. The strong oxidizing property of chlorine is used to first react the metal catalysts remaining in the carbon nanotubes at room temperature or under heating conditions to generate chlorides. Then, the gasification temperature of these metal chlorides is much lower than that of these metals and their oxides. These chlorides are gasified and separated from the carbon nanotubes by heating, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the carbon nanotubes. However, this type of method uses a large amount of chlorine to contact the carbon nanotubes and often can only remove the metal impurities on the surface of the carbon nanotubes. The contact time of chlorine with the carbon nanotubes in the reaction container is limited, the contact treatment is insufficient, and the purification effect is limited. At the same time, the large amount of strong oxidizing and toxic substances such as chlorine used in this method also brings high difficulty to the design and operation of the purification device. Improper treatment is also easy to cause pollution. In view of this, in-depth research was conducted on the above problems, and this case was produced. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials, so as to solve the problem that the chemical method for purifying carbon nanotubes proposed in the above background technology is prone to insufficient contact treatment and limited purification effect.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials, comprising a purification tank body; The interior of the purification tank body is divided into a filtration chamber, a purification chamber and a feeding chamber from top to bottom, and fixed partitions are arranged between the filtration chamber and the purification chamber and between the purification chamber and the feeding chamber; A hollow tube is arranged in the middle of the purification chamber, and fixed filter tubes are evenly distributed in an annular shape on the periphery of the hollow tube, and the filter chamber and the feed chamber are connected through the hollow tube and the fixed filter tube, and the nanomaterial is subjected to sedimentation purification treatment in the fixed filter tube; the nanomaterial is constrained inside the fixed filter tube, and the purified gas can pass through the fixed filter tube normally, thereby relatively sealing the nanomaterial; The top of the purification tank body is provided with a feed port and an exhaust port for adding untreated nanomaterials and discharging the purified waste gas respectively, and the lower side of the purification tank body is provided with a first air inlet and a second air inlet for the intake of replacement gas and purified gas respectively, and the bottom of the purification tank body is provided with a discharge port; The hollow tube is provided with a piston plate inside, and a driving screw is installed above the piston plate. The piston plate forms a lifting structure in the hollow tube to provide a stable rising air flow disturbance during the purification and sedimentation of the nanomaterials, thereby extending the floating purification treatment time of the nanomaterials in the fixed filter tube. The outer side of the fixed filter tube is movably provided with a movable inner cylinder, and an eccentric transmission shaft is installed on the top of the movable inner cylinder. The movable inner cylinder forms an eccentric rotating structure inside the purification chamber to provide horizontal air flow disturbance during the purification and sedimentation process of the nanomaterial to promote full contact between the purified gas and the nanomaterial; A reduction motor is installed on the top of the purification tank body, and the driving shaft end of the reduction motor is key-connected with a driving gear. A transmission gear ring is arranged inside the filter chamber, and the driving gear and the transmission gear ring constitute an engaged transmission structure. The driving screw and the eccentric transmission shaft are driven by the engagement of the driving gear and the transmission gear ring to constitute a synchronous transmission structure.

[0007] Preferably, the interior of the movable inner cylinder is a closed structure, and movable sleeves are evenly distributed in a ring shape inside the movable inner cylinder, and the movable sleeves are correspondingly sleeved on the outside of the fixed filter tube, and the radius of the movable sleeve is greater than or equal to the sum of the radius of the movable sleeve and the eccentric radius of the eccentric transmission shaft.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the movable sleeve can rotate eccentrically on the outside of the fixed filter tube along with the movable inner tube, and at the same time, it does not directly contact with the fixed filter tube and the internal nanomaterial, thereby promoting full contact and reaction between the purified gas and the nanomaterial.

[0009] Preferably, the interior of the movable inner cylinder is a heat exchange chamber, and a heater is installed on the inner wall of the heat exchange chamber.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, heating is directly carried out through the movable inner cylinder, and combined with the large-area heating of the heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange and temperature control are more uniform and efficient.

[0011] Preferably, a water inlet and a water outlet are installed on the surface of the movable inner cylinder for filling and replacing the heat exchange medium.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the water inlet and the water outlet can be directly closed during use, and a good heat conduction effect can also be maintained by introducing a suitable heat exchange medium.

[0013] Preferably, the main body of the transmission gear ring is a transmission ring, and the central axis of the transmission ring and the central axis of the purification tank body coincide with each other; The inner and outer rings of the transmission ring are respectively integrated with an inner gear ring and an outer gear ring, and the inner gear ring and the driving gear form a meshing transmission structure.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, synchronous meshing transmission is carried out through the cooperation of the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring, which facilitates the synchronous drive of a single motor, reduces the opening requirements caused by the external structure, and avoids affecting the overall closed structure.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom of the driving screw and the piston plate are fixedly connected, and the upper end of the driving screw is threadedly connected with a threaded sleeve, and the threaded sleeve forms a self-rotating movable structure at the fixed partition at the lower end of the filter chamber.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, the self-rotation of the threaded sleeve can drive the driving screw and the piston plate as a whole to stably rise and fall in the hollow tube through the threaded transmission. When the piston plate is pressed down stably, the gas inside the hollow tube can be stably driven to sink, while the gas at the fixed filter tube tends to rise, thereby allowing the nanomaterial to float in the purified gas for a longer time when it settles due to its own weight.

[0017] Preferably, a transmission tooth groove is formed on the outer ring surface of the threaded sleeve, and a meshing transmission structure is formed between the transmission tooth groove and the driving gear; A fixed sleeve rod is arranged above the threaded sleeve, the fixed sleeve rod is fixedly arranged with the purification tank body, and the driving screw rod forms a lifting and telescopic structure inside the fixed sleeve rod.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixed sleeve rod is fixed to the purification tank body, maintaining the overall closed structure while leaving a lifting space margin for the driving screw.

[0019] Preferably, an annular material distribution trough is provided on the top of the fixed filter tube, and a material distribution screen plate is provided between the bottom of the material distribution trough and the fixed filter tube.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the nanomaterials enter from the feeding port and fall into the inner side of the annular distribution trough, are preliminarily screened by the distribution screen plate, and then fall into the fixed filter tube, and are precipitated and purified in the purification chamber.

[0021] Preferably, a synchronous movable frame is fixed on the upper side of the transmission ring, and a movable paddle is arranged on the outer side of the synchronous movable frame; The movable paddle is movably fitted with the material distributing groove, and the movable paddle rotates with the transmission ring to perform a circular motion along the material distributing groove.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the movable paddle is synchronously driven with the transmission ring inside the equipment, reducing the setting of the external drive structure. At the same time, the movable paddle can continuously and evenly distribute the material at the distribution trough, which is convenient for multiple fixed filter tubes to evenly pass the material.

[0023] Preferably, a transmission gear is provided on the top of the eccentric transmission shaft, and the outer gear ring and the transmission gear form a meshing transmission structure, and the eccentric transmission shaft is evenly distributed in a ring shape on the top of the movable inner cylinder.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the transmission gears at the top ends of multiple eccentric transmission shafts are directly meshed and driven synchronously through the outer gear ring, so as to maintain flexible and stable eccentric rotation drive of the movable inner cylinder.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials is used for purification by pre-screening the cloth in the filter chamber with carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes move from top to bottom in the fixed filter tube by their own weight, and contact the purified gas in the purification chamber, so that the metal impurities in the carbon nanotubes react with the purified gas to generate metal chlorides, which are discharged in gaseous form through the exhaust port, so that the metal impurities are separated from the carbon nanotubes, and finally high-purity carbon nanotubes are prepared, with simple steps, mild conditions, high efficiency and rapidity, and the specific structural advantages of the equipment include: 1. By setting up an overall closed structure to ensure production safety and reduce external pollution, the built-in piston plate can steadily drive the gas inside the hollow tube to sink when the driving screw cooperates with it, while the gas at the fixed filter tube tends to rise, thereby delaying and controlling the falling speed of the carbon nanotubes, extending the floating time of the carbon nanotubes in the fixed filter tube of the purification chamber, ensuring that the carbon nanotubes are fully in contact with the purified gas, and the purified gas can fully react with the metal impurities in the carbon nanotubes, thereby ensuring the removal of metal impurities, and the obtained carbon nanotubes have good properties and high purity; 2. A movable inner cylinder is further provided for use. During the use of the equipment, the movable inner cylinder can continuously rotate eccentrically outside the fixed filter tube to disturb the airflow, thereby promoting further diffusion and contact between the purified gas and the nanomaterial by actively disturbing the airflow, and cooperating with the piston plate to continuously drive the flow of gas in the equipment between the hollow tube and the fixed filter tube, thereby ensuring sufficient contact and reaction between the purified gas and the nanomaterial, thereby greatly increasing the processing efficiency and purification effect of carbon nanotube purification production.

[0026] 3. A transmission gear ring structure is provided for synchronous transmission with the piston plate and the movable inner cylinder. Driven by a single external reduction motor, the transmission gear ring can drive the eccentric rotation of the movable inner cylinder through the transmission gear in cooperation with the eccentric transmission shaft, and can also synchronously drive the threaded drive of the piston plate to rise and fall through the cooperation of the threaded sleeve. At the same time, the rotation of the transmission ring can also synchronously drive the uniform distribution of the movable paddle. While the equipment operation is more efficient, the setting of the external drive structure is effectively reduced, which helps to maintain the overall closed structure of the equipment and optimize the design and operation of the purification device facing a large amount of strong oxidizing and toxic substances such as chlorine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable inner cylinder of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the movable inner cylinder of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the movable inner cylinder of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the top-sectional structure of the movable inner cylinder of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material distributing trough of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the material distribution trough of the present invention from another viewing angle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission gear ring structure of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission gear ring of the present invention from another perspective; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. purification tank body; 101. filter chamber; 102. purification chamber; 103. unloading chamber; 2. fixed partition; 3. hollow tube; 4. fixed filter tube; 5. feeding port; 6. exhaust port; 7. first air inlet; 8. second air inlet; 9. discharge port; 10. piston plate; 11. driving screw; 12. movable inner cylinder; 13. eccentric transmission shaft; 14. reduction motor; 15. driving gear; 16. transmission gear ring; 161. transmission ring; 162. inner gear ring; 163. outer gear ring; 17. movable sleeve; 18. heater; 19. heat exchange chamber; 20. water inlet; 21. water outlet; 22. threaded sleeve; 23. transmission tooth groove; 24. fixed sleeve rod; 25. material distribution groove; 26. material distribution screen plate; 27. synchronous movable frame; 28. movable paddle; 29. ​​transmission gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1-10The present invention provides a technical solution: a closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials, comprising a purification tank body 1; the interior of the purification tank body 1 is divided into a filtering chamber 101, a purification chamber 102 and a feeding chamber 103 from top to bottom, and a fixed partition 2 is arranged between the filtering chamber 101 and the purification chamber 102 and between the purification chamber 102 and the feeding chamber 103; a hollow tube 3 is arranged in the middle of the purification chamber 102, and fixed filter tubes 4 are evenly distributed in an annular shape on the periphery of the hollow tube 3, and the filtering chamber 101 and the feeding chamber 103 are connected by the hollow tube 3 and the fixed filter tubes 4 are evenly distributed on the periphery of the hollow tube 3. The fixed filter tube 4 is connected through, and the nanomaterial is subjected to sedimentation and purification treatment in the fixed filter tube 4; the nanomaterial is constrained inside the fixed filter tube 4, and the purified gas can pass through the fixed filter tube 4 normally, so that the nanomaterial is relatively closed. The top of the purification tank body 1 is provided with a feed port 5 and an exhaust port 6 for adding untreated nanomaterials and discharging the purified waste gas, respectively, and the side lower end of the purification tank body 1 is provided with a first air inlet 7 and a second air inlet 8 for the intake of replacement gas and purified gas, respectively, and the bottom of the purification tank body 1 is provided with a discharge port 9; Combination Figure 2 and Figure 8-9 As shown, a reduction motor 14 is installed on the top of the purification tank body 1, and the driving shaft end of the reduction motor 14 is keyed to a driving gear 15, and a transmission gear ring 16 is arranged inside the filter chamber 101, and the driving gear 15 and the transmission gear ring 16 constitute a meshing transmission structure, and the driving screw 11 and the eccentric transmission shaft 13 are driven by the meshing of the driving gear 15 and the transmission gear ring 16 to constitute a synchronous transmission structure. The main body of the transmission gear ring 16 is a transmission ring 161, and the central axis of the transmission ring 161 and the central axis of the purification tank body 1 coincide with each other; the inner and outer rings of the transmission ring 161 are respectively integrated with an inner gear ring 162 and an outer gear ring 163, and the inner gear ring 162 and the driving gear 15 constitute a meshing transmission structure, and the synchronous meshing transmission is carried out by the cooperation of the inner gear ring 162 and the outer gear ring 163, which is convenient for single motor synchronous drive, reduces the opening requirements caused by the external structure, and avoids affecting the overall closed structure.

[0031] The following is a specific description of the mechanism driven synchronously by the reduction motor 14 and the transmission gear ring 16: Combination Figure 6-7As shown, an annular distribution groove 25 is provided at the top of the fixed filter tube 4, and a distribution screen plate 26 is provided between the bottom of the distribution groove 25 and the fixed filter tube 4. After entering from the feed port 5, the nanomaterial falls on the inner side of the annular distribution groove 25, and falls into the fixed filter tube 4 after preliminary screening by the distribution screen plate 26, and is settled and purified in the purification chamber 102. A synchronous movable frame 27 is fixed on the upper side of the transmission ring 161, and a movable paddle 28 is provided on the outer side of the synchronous movable frame 27; the movable paddle 28 is movably fitted with the distribution groove 25, and the movable paddle 28 rotates along the distribution groove 25 with the rotation of the transmission ring 161, and the movable paddle 28 is synchronously driven inside the equipment with the transmission ring 161, reducing the setting of the external drive structure, and the movable paddle 28 can continuously and evenly distribute materials at the distribution groove 25, so as to facilitate the uniform passage of materials at multiple fixed filter tubes 4.

[0032] Combination Figure 3-4 As shown, a piston plate 10 is movably provided inside the hollow tube 3, and a driving screw 11 is installed above the piston plate 10. The piston plate 10 constitutes a lifting structure in the hollow tube 3 for providing a stable rising airflow disturbance during the purification and sedimentation of the nanomaterial to extend the floating purification treatment time of the nanomaterial in the fixed filter tube 4; the bottom of the driving screw 11 and the piston plate 10 are fixedly connected, and the upper end of the driving screw 11 is threadedly connected with a threaded sleeve 22, and the threaded sleeve 22 constitutes a self-rotating movable structure at the fixed partition plate 2 at the lower end of the filter chamber 101. The self-rotation of the threaded sleeve 22 can drive the driving screw 11 and the piston plate 10 to be stably lifted and lowered as a whole in the hollow tube 3 through threaded transmission. When the piston plate 10 is stably pressed down, the gas inside the hollow tube 3 can be stably driven to sink, while the gas at the fixed filter tube 4 tends to rise, so that the nanomaterial floats in the purified gas for a longer time when it settles with its own weight. A transmission tooth groove 23 is provided on the outer ring surface of the threaded sleeve 22, and a meshing transmission structure is formed between the transmission tooth groove 23 and the driving gear 15; a fixed sleeve rod 24 is arranged above the threaded sleeve 22, and the fixed sleeve rod 24 is fixedly arranged with the purification tank body 1, and the driving screw 11 forms a lifting and telescopic structure on the inner side of the fixed sleeve rod 24, and the fixed sleeve rod 24 is fixed with the purification tank body 1, maintaining the overall closed structure while leaving a lifting space margin for the driving screw 11.

[0033] Combination Figure 2-5As shown, a movable inner cylinder 12 is movably provided on the outer side of the fixed filter tube 4, and an eccentric transmission shaft 13 is installed on the top of the movable inner cylinder 12. The movable inner cylinder 12 constitutes an eccentric rotating structure inside the purification chamber 102, which is used to provide horizontal air flow disturbance during the purification and sedimentation of nanomaterials to promote full contact between the purified gas and the nanomaterials; a transmission gear 29 is provided on the top of the eccentric transmission shaft 13, and the outer gear ring 163 and the transmission gear 29 constitute a meshing transmission structure, and the eccentric transmission shaft 13 is evenly distributed in a ring shape on the top of the movable inner cylinder 12, and the transmission gears 29 at the top of multiple eccentric transmission shafts 13 are directly meshed and driven synchronously through the outer gear ring 163, so as to maintain flexible and stable eccentric rotation drive of the movable inner cylinder 12. The interior of the movable inner cylinder 12 is a closed structure, and the interior of the movable inner cylinder 12 is evenly distributed with movable sleeves 17 in an annular shape, and the movable sleeves 17 are correspondingly sleeved on the outside of the fixed filter tube 4, and the radius of the movable sleeve 17 is greater than or equal to the sum of the radius of the movable sleeve 17 and the eccentric radius of the eccentric transmission shaft 13. The movable sleeve 17 can rotate eccentrically with the movable inner cylinder 12 on the outside of the fixed filter tube 4, and at the same time, it does not directly contact the fixed filter tube 4 and the internal nanomaterials, promoting the purified gas to fully contact and react with the nanomaterials. The interior of the movable inner cylinder 12 is a heat exchange chamber 19, and a heater 18 is installed on the inner wall of the heat exchange chamber 19, which is directly heated by the movable inner cylinder 12. With the large-area heating of the heat exchange chamber 19, the heat exchange and temperature control are more uniform and efficient. The surface of the movable inner cylinder 12 is also equipped with a water inlet 20 and a water outlet 21 for filling and replacing the heat exchange medium. When in use, the water inlet 20 and the water outlet 21 can be directly closed, or a good heat conduction effect can be maintained by passing a suitable heat exchange medium.

[0034] When the device is used for purification, first, the carbon nanotubes are added to the distribution tank 25 through the feed port 5, then the feed port 5 is closed, the exhaust port 6 is opened, and the first air inlet 7 is opened to introduce nitrogen to replace the internal air and reduce the oxygen content. Then, the first air inlet 7 is closed, and the second air inlet 8 is opened to fill chlorine as the purification gas, and heating and starting the motor are started to operate. The movable paddle 28 paddles the material for distribution, and the carbon nanotubes settle in the fixed filter tube 4. At the same time, the movable inner cylinder 12 rotates eccentrically, and the piston plate 10 moves downward to disturb the purified gas and fully contact and react with the carbon nanotubes. The purified carbon nanotubes fall into the discharge chamber 103, and the first air inlet 7 is opened again to fill nitrogen to discharge the exhaust gas. The purified carbon nanotubes can be discharged from the discharge port 9.

[0035] Contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials, comprising a purification tank body (1), characterized in that: The interior of the purification tank body (1) is divided into a filtering chamber (101), a purification chamber (102) and a material discharge chamber (103) from top to bottom, and a fixed partition (2) is provided between the filtering chamber (101) and the purification chamber (102) and between the purification chamber (102) and the material discharge chamber (103); A hollow tube (3) is provided in the middle of the purification chamber (102), and fixed filter tubes (4) are evenly distributed in a ring shape on the periphery of the hollow tube (3), and the filtration chamber (101) and the feed chamber (103) are connected through the hollow tube (3) and the fixed filter tube (4), and the nanomaterial is subjected to sedimentation purification treatment in the fixed filter tube (4); The top of the purification tank body (1) is provided with a feeding port (5) and an exhaust port (6), and the lower side of the purification tank body (1) is provided with a first air inlet (7) and a second air inlet (8), and the bottom of the purification tank body (1) is provided with a discharge port (9); A piston plate (10) is movably arranged inside the hollow tube (3), and a driving screw (11) is installed above the piston plate (10). The piston plate (10) forms a lifting structure inside the hollow tube (3) for providing a stable rising air flow disturbance during the purification and sedimentation process of the nanomaterial, thereby extending the floating purification treatment time of the nanomaterial in the fixed filter tube (4); A movable inner cylinder (12) is movably provided on the outer side of the fixed filter tube (4), and an eccentric transmission shaft (13) is installed on the top of the movable inner cylinder (12). The movable inner cylinder (12) forms an eccentric rotating structure inside the purification chamber (102) for providing horizontal air flow disturbance during the purification and sedimentation process of the nanomaterial to promote sufficient contact between the purified gas and the nanomaterial; A reduction motor (14) is installed on the top of the purification tank body (1), and a driving gear (15) is keyed to the driving shaft end of the reduction motor (14). A transmission gear ring (16) is arranged inside the filter chamber (101). The driving gear (15) and the transmission gear ring (16) form a meshing transmission structure. The driving screw (11) and the eccentric transmission shaft (13) form a synchronous transmission structure through the meshing drive of the driving gear (15) and the transmission gear ring (16).

2. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the movable inner cylinder (12) is a closed structure, and movable sleeves (17) are evenly distributed in an annular shape inside the movable inner cylinder (12), and the movable sleeves (17) are correspondingly sleeved on the outside of the fixed filter tube (4), and the radius of the movable sleeve (17) is greater than or equal to the sum of the radius of the movable sleeve (17) and the eccentric radius of the eccentric transmission shaft (13).

3. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interior of the movable inner cylinder (12) is a heat exchange chamber (19), and a heater (18) is installed on the inner wall of the heat exchange chamber (19).

4. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the movable inner cylinder (12) is provided with a water inlet (20) and a water outlet (21) for filling and replacing heat exchange medium.

5. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The main body of the transmission gear ring (16) is a transmission ring (161), and the central axis of the transmission ring (161) and the central axis of the purification tank main body (1) coincide with each other; The inner and outer rings of the transmission ring (161) are respectively provided with an inner gear ring (162) and an outer gear ring (163) in an integrated manner, and the inner gear ring (162) and the driving gear (15) form a meshing transmission structure.

6. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the driving screw rod (11) and the piston plate (10) are fixedly connected, and the upper end of the driving screw rod (11) is threadedly connected to a threaded sleeve (22), and the threaded sleeve (22) forms a self-rotating movable structure at the fixed partition plate (2) at the lower end of the filter chamber (101).

7. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer ring surface of the threaded sleeve (22) is provided with a transmission tooth groove (23), and a meshing transmission structure is formed between the transmission tooth groove (23) and the driving gear (15); A fixed sleeve rod (24) is arranged above the threaded sleeve (22); the fixed sleeve rod (24) is fixedly arranged on the purification tank body (1), and the driving screw rod (11) forms a lifting and telescopic structure inside the fixed sleeve rod (24).

8. The closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 5, characterized in that: An annular material distribution groove (25) is provided at the top of the fixed filter tube (4), and a material distribution screen plate (26) is provided between the bottom of the material distribution groove (25) and the fixed filter tube (4).

9. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 8, characterized in that: A synchronous movable frame (27) is fixed on the upper side of the transmission ring (161), and a movable paddle (28) is arranged on the outer side of the synchronous movable frame (27); The movable paddle (28) is movably fitted with the material distributing groove (25), and the movable paddle (28) rotates along the material distributing groove (25) with the transmission ring (161) to perform a circular motion.

10. A closed filtering and collecting device for purifying nanomaterials according to claim 5, characterized in that: A transmission gear (29) is provided on the top of the eccentric transmission shaft (13), and the outer gear ring (163) and the transmission gear (29) form a meshing transmission structure, and the eccentric transmission shaft (13) is evenly distributed in a ring shape on the top of the movable inner cylinder (12).

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