Magnetic field-ultrasonic-assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic field-ultrasonic-assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method. The method comprises the following steps that S1, a workpiece to be machined is placed on a machining table top; s2, adjusting the direction of a magnetic field through movement of an electromagnet on a guide rail; s3, controlling a moving assembly to align the to-be-machined position of the workpiece to a laser; s4, the lifting assembly is controlled to drive the machining table top to ascend and descend, and the focus of the laser is aligned with the surface of the to-be-polished position of the workpiece; s5, the magnetic field intensity is set, the frequency and amplitude of an ultrasonic generation assembly are set, a machining path is set, and the refrigeration temperature of a refrigeration assembly is set; and S6, the electromagnet, the ultrasonic generation assembly, the moving assembly and the laser are started, the moving assembly drives the machining platform to move according to the machining path, and polishing machining is conducted. The invention provides a magnetic field-ultrasonic-assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing device. The surface quality and precision of the workpiece can be rapidly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ultra-precision polishing composite manufacturing, and in particular designs a magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method and device. Background Art

[0002] Laser polishing is an emerging surface polishing technology with advantages such as no pollution, wide range of processing objects, stable polishing quality and easy automation, which has attracted great attention from researchers at home and abroad. Its principle is that the laser melts or evaporates the surface of the material, and drives the molten metal to flow under the action of capillary force or thermal capillary force, so that the peaks fill the valleys, thereby obtaining a smooth surface.

[0003] When laser polishing alloy metals, it is divided into a surface shallow melting state and a surface over-melting state according to the thickness of the melting layer and the heat-affected layer. In the surface shallow melting state, the workpiece absorbs laser energy only to its melting point, and a smaller surface roughness can be obtained, but the surface roughness reduction rate is small; in the surface over-melting state, the workpiece material absorbs more energy, and ripples will appear on the surface after solidification due to the influence of temperature gradient and thermal capillary force.

[0004] Prior art publication number CN117226307A, the invention provides a multi-energy field assisted printed circuit board laser processing device and method, the processing device includes a laser, a liftable processing table, and a jacket; the laser is arranged above the processing table, the processing table is equipped with a movable end of a sub-moving component, and the liftable processing table can realize that when processing deep holes, the laser focus can change with the change of the processing depth; the moving component can at least drive the processing table to move horizontally and vertically; the jacket is arranged outside the processing table, and the inner wall of the jacket is arranged on the coil winding, and the coil winding generates a magnetic field, so that the charged particles in the plasma generated during the laser processing process are accelerated to move outward in the magnetic field; the processing table is provided with an ultrasonic generating component and a refrigeration component, and this invention combines the four functions of magnetic field, ultrasound, low temperature and lifting of the processing table with laser processing. In this invention, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the processing table to cause radial movement of the laser focus, and the magnetic field arranged in a direction perpendicular to the processing table from bottom to top is more suitable for laser drilling and other processing.

[0005] Chinese patent publication number CN109530911A, the invention provides an axial ultrasonic vibration lens assisted laser processing device; the device includes a laser generator and an ultrasonic generator, the output end of the laser generator is connected to one end of the collimating mirror of the laser working head through a light terminal, the laser working head includes a collimating mirror, an ultrasonic transducer, a horn and a focusing lens mechanism, the laser working head is fixed to the main shaft of the machine tool through a collimating mirror, a clamp and a hexagon socket bolt, the other end of the collimating mirror is connected to one end of the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the ultrasonic generator, the other end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected to one end of the horn, and the other end of the horn is connected to the focusing lens mechanism, the amplitude of the ultrasound is maximized to act on the lens, so that the lens vibration range is wider, and the height of the focused column focus is maximized, and the column focus with a larger height can effectively improve the laser processing quality and processing efficiency. This invention can effectively solve the impact of laser focus position deviation caused by uneven surface of the workpiece being processed, workpiece clamping method, geometric error of the machine tool, deformation of the machine tool under load, thermal deformation of the workpiece during processing, etc., and improve the surface quality, processing accuracy and processing efficiency of laser processing. There is still room for optimization for the second roughness formed by the upper fluid in the center of the molten pool flowing to the edge of the molten pool due to the surface tension gradient of the molten pool during laser polishing of the workpiece, and the formation of pore defects in the molten pool due to the insufficient rising speed of some molten pool bubbles that cannot escape before the molten pool solidifies.

[0006] Chinese patent publication number CN114192985A, the invention provides a magnetic field assisted laser polishing device and a magnetic field assisted laser polishing method, including a cabinet; a workbench installed in the cabinet, the workbench has a workpiece positioning area for placing the workpiece; a magnetic mechanism, the magnetic mechanism is used to place the workpiece in a magnetic field; a laser system installed in the cabinet, including a first laser emitting mechanism for preheating the surface of the workpiece, a second laser emitting mechanism for polishing the surface of the workpiece, and a third laser emitting mechanism for annealing the surface of the workpiece. The magnetic field assisted laser polishing device provided by this invention can effectively reduce the surface roughness of the workpiece and improve the polishing effect by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic mechanism and the laser emitted by the laser system acting on the workpiece. For workpieces of different sizes and shapes, the position of this magnetic mechanism is fixed, so if you want to adjust the direction of the magnetic field when processing the workpiece and other parameters, you also need a more flexible movable magnetic mechanism device.

[0007] China Patent Publication No. CN109967864A, the invention relates to a magnetic field assisted laser polishing device based on existing laser processing equipment, belonging to the field of laser processing technology, mainly including a magnetic field coil, a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, a coil power connector, a linear guide rail, a bracket, a handle, and a processing platform. Compared with the existing device, the technical breakthrough achieved by the present invention is to combine the existing laser processing equipment with the magnetic field assisted technology and apply it to the field of laser polishing technology. It can not only adjust the distance between the two magnetic field coils according to the size of the specimen to solve the problem of difficult processing of large-sized and complex-shaped workpieces during magnetic field assisted laser polishing, but also solve the defects such as cracks, uneven corrugated protrusions, overlapping stripes, and pores caused by molten pool splashing, uneven cooling temperature, and large polishing area during polishing, effectively reducing the surface roughness of metal components. Obviously, this patent belongs to magnetic field assisted laser polishing manufacturing, and uses a more flexible way to move the magnetic field coil position to add the magnetic field to laser polishing. However, whether the introduction of ultrasound and magnetic field into laser polishing can further improve the surface quality and some mechanical properties of the workpiece after polishing remains to be studied.

[0008] In the face of the above problems, the current production process only improves the polishing quality by adjusting the laser parameters, or uses a single energy field to assist laser polishing. However, there is still room for further improvement in the polished quality and mechanical properties of the workpiece surface. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, further reduce the roughness of laser polished workpieces, effectively solve the influence of processing accuracy and processing quality caused by the deviation of the laser focus position caused by the uneven surface of the processed workpiece, the clamping method of the workpiece, the geometric error of the machine tool and the deformation of the machine tool under load, the thermal deformation of the workpiece during processing, etc., inhibit the formation of the second roughness and the formation of pores after the workpiece is polished, refine the grain size, enhance the ultimate tensile strength, increase the elongation, and optimize the mechanical properties of parts, the present invention provides a magnetic field-ultrasonic assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method and device.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0011] A magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1: Place the workpiece to be processed on the processing table;

[0013] S2: Adjust the direction of the magnetic field by moving the electromagnet on the guide rail;

[0014] S3: Control the moving component to align the workpiece to be processed with the laser;

[0015] S4: Control the lifting assembly to drive the processing table to move up and down so that the focus of the laser is aligned with the surface of the workpiece to be polished;

[0016] S5: setting the magnetic field strength, setting the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic generating component, setting the processing path and setting the cooling temperature of the cooling component;

[0017] S6: Start the electromagnet, ultrasonic generating assembly, moving assembly and laser, and the moving assembly drives the processing platform to move along the processing path to perform polishing processing.

[0018] Further, in S5, the magnetic field strength is set, and the electromagnet is started to generate a steady-state magnetic field with adjustable magnetic induction intensity. The magnetic field acts on the workpiece surface to generate a Lorentz force that is opposite to the direction of the melt's movement perpendicular to the magnetic field, thereby suppressing the flow of the molten pool fluid perpendicular to the magnetic field and accelerating the escape of gas in the molten pool. The frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic generating component are set, and the ultrasonic generating component is started to make the focusing lens perform axial ultrasonic vibration, thereby changing the spot diameter on the workpiece surface and forming an intermittent laser polishing composite manufacturing process on the workpiece surface.

[0019] Furthermore, in S6, the magnetic field, ultrasound and laser fields are coupled to perform polishing processing, so as to reduce the influence of the upward and downward deviation of the laser focus position during the processing, inhibit the formation of the second roughness and the formation of pores after the workpiece is polished, so as to improve the processing accuracy and processing quality, refine the grain size, optimize the mechanical properties of the parts, and further reduce the roughness of the workpiece after laser polishing.

[0020] Preferably, in S5 and S6, the processing path is an S-shaped bidirectional scanning path.

[0021] A magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing device, the device comprises a laser, a movable processing table, a laser working device and a magnetic mechanism; the laser is fixedly arranged above the processing table and is used to generate laser light, and the output end of the laser is connected to the collimating mirror of the laser working device through an optical fiber terminal; the laser working device is located above the workstation of the processing table, the piezoelectric ceramic of the laser working device is connected to the output of an ultrasonic generating device, the magnetic mechanism is arranged outside the processing table, the processing table is connected to a lifting component used to drive the processing table to rise and fall, the lifting component is connected to a moving component that drives the processing table to move horizontally and vertically, and a refrigeration component is arranged on the processing table.

[0022] Furthermore, the laser working device includes a collimator, a front-end mass cover, an electrode material, a piezoelectric ceramic material, a rear-end mass cover, a horn, a lens barrel and a focusing lens. The laser working device is fixedly mounted on a frame. The other end of the collimator is connected to the rear-end mass cover, the front-end mass cover is connected to one end of the horn, the other end of the horn is connected to the lens barrel, the piezoelectric ceramic material and the electrode material are alternately arranged between the front-end and rear-end mass covers, and the front-end and rear-end mass covers clamp and fix the piezoelectric ceramic material and the electrode material through connecting columns and studs.

[0023] The processing table is installed on the moving end of the moving component, and the moving component can at least drive the processing table to move horizontally and vertically; preferably, the moving component is a two-dimensional moving platform.

[0024] The magnetic mechanism is arranged outside the processing table, and includes a shell and an electromagnet. A guide rail is arranged inside the shell, and the electromagnet is installed on the guide rail and can move along the guide rail. The electromagnet is used to generate a uniform magnetic field from the N pole to the S pole;

[0025] A refrigeration component is provided on the processing table;

[0026] Furthermore, a slider is provided at the lower end of the processing table, the processing table is connected to the slider, and the slider is installed at the lifting end of the lifting assembly.

[0027] Preferably, a threaded hole is provided on the lower end surface of the processing table, and a stepped hole matching the threaded hole is provided on the slider, a bolt is provided in the stepped hole, and the bolt is connected to the threaded hole.

[0028] More preferably, the lifting end comprises a servo motor and a vertical guide rod, and the sliding block is arranged on the vertical guide rod.

[0029] In the laser working device, the mechanical impedance of the front mass cover should be as low as possible, while the mechanical impedance of the rear mass cover should be as high as possible, and the mechanical impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic material should be between them; therefore, the front mass cover is usually made of light metal, while the rear mass cover is usually made of heavy metal.

[0030] The laser working device is installed and fixed on the frame, and is moved up and down and left and right by a chain. The laser beam directly irradiates the workpiece through the laser working device, so it is a hollow structure, in which the electrode material and the piezoelectric ceramic material are both annular sheets, and a through hole is opened inside the amplitude rod.

[0031] The device also includes a control system, and the laser, servo system, laser working device, and magnetic mechanism are all communicatively connected to the control system, and the communication connection means that the control system can send control instructions to the controlled device.

[0032] The device also includes a frame, and the moving assembly and the lifting assembly are both installed on the frame, and the moving assembly moves through a chain.

[0033] The refrigeration assembly also includes a water-cooling plate and a thermoelectric cooling sheet. The water-cooling plate is installed on the processing table. The water-cooling plate is provided with a thermoelectric cooling sheet, wherein the thermoelectric cooling sheet includes a cold surface and a hot surface. The cold surface contacts the workpiece, and the hot surface contacts the water-cooling plate. The water-cooling plate has a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in:

[0035] 1. Integrating magnetic field and ultrasonic laser polishing together can realize three-field coupling composite manufacturing. In addition, laser polishing can still be processed by controlling only one energy field;

[0036] 2. By setting an ultrasonic generator component on the lens, the piezoelectric ceramic converts the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration with ultrasonic frequency, which is amplified by the horn and transmitted to the focusing lens. The focusing lens vibrates at the ultrasonic frequency, which changes the spot diameter on the workpiece surface, causing the laser energy density on the workpiece surface to change, affecting the temperature amplitude of the molten pool, thereby forming an intermittent laser polishing process on the workpiece surface, effectively preventing excessive melting of the polished surface and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.

[0037] 3. By setting an electromagnet on the processing table to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field acts on the surface of the workpiece. The Lorentz force generated by the magnetic field is always opposite to the direction of the component movement of the melt perpendicular to the magnetic field, thereby inhibiting the flow of the molten pool fluid perpendicular to the magnetic field. As the steady-state magnetic field intensity increases, the inhibitory effect becomes more obvious; it promotes the crystal nucleation of the molten pool during the solidification process, making the grains after solidification more refined, thereby inhibiting the formation of the second roughness on the workpiece surface.

[0038] 4. The present invention further reduces the roughness of laser polished workpieces by coupling magnetic field, ultrasound and laser three fields for polishing composite manufacturing, effectively solving the influence of processing accuracy and processing quality caused by deviation of laser focus position caused by uneven surface of processed workpiece, workpiece clamping method, geometric error of machine tool, deformation of machine tool under load, thermal deformation of workpiece during processing, etc. It inhibits the formation of secondary roughness and pores after workpiece polishing. It refines grain size, strengthens ultimate tensile strength, increases elongation, and optimizes the mechanical properties of parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device.

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the laser working device.

[0041] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the magnetic mechanism device.

[0042] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination structure between the magnetic mechanism and the processing table.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the focusing effect of an ordinary laser beam and the focusing effect of a laser beam assisted by ultrasonic vibration.

[0044] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the principle of magnetic field assistance.

[0045] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the polishing method of the magnetic field-ultrasound-assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing device.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a microscopic schematic diagram of a workpiece subjected to magnetic field-ultrasonic assisted laser polishing (a portion of the workpiece molten pool is captured).

[0047] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the scanning path for magnetic field-ultrasonic assisted laser polishing workpiece processing.

[0048] The reference numerals are: 1, frame; 2, laser; 3, optical fiber; 4, laser working device; 5, refrigeration component; 6, processing table; 7, electromagnet; 8, housing; 9, slider; 10, right vertical guide rod; 11, servo motor; 12, fixed block; 13, moving component; 14, left vertical guide rod; 15, screw shaft; 16, threaded hole; 17, electromagnet base; 18, control system; 19, guide rail; 20, workpiece to be processed; 21, Laser light source; 22. Laser beam; 23. Laser focusing focus; 24. Workpiece molten pool; 25. Vortex convection inside the molten pool; 26. Laser output optical cable; 27. Chain; 28. Ultrasonic generator; 401. Washer; 402. Focusing lens; 403. Lens tube; 404. Angular contact rod; 405. Front quality cover; 406. Piezoelectric ceramic material; 407. Electrode material; 408. Rear quality cover; 409. Collimator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] Reference Figures 1 to 9A magnetic field-ultrasound-assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing device comprises a laser 2, a liftable processing table 6, a laser working device 4 and a magnetic mechanism; the laser is fixedly arranged above the processing table for generating laser light, and the output end of the laser is connected to the collimating mirror of the laser working device through an optical fiber terminal; the laser working device is located above the workstation of the processing table, the piezoelectric ceramic of the laser working device is connected to the output of the ultrasonic generating device, the magnetic mechanism is arranged on the outside of the processing table, the processing table is connected to a lifting component for driving the processing table to lift and lower, the lifting component is connected to a moving component for driving the processing table to move horizontally and vertically, and a refrigeration component is arranged on the processing table.

[0052] The laser 2 is fixedly arranged above the processing table 6, and the processing table is installed on the moving end of the moving component 13, and the moving component can at least drive the processing table 6 to move in the horizontal direction;

[0053] The magnetic mechanism is arranged outside the processing table 6, and the magnetic mechanism includes a shell 8 and an electromagnet 7. A guide rail 19 is arranged inside the shell 8. The electromagnet 7 is installed on the guide rail 19 and can move along the guide rail. The electromagnet 7 is used to generate a uniform horizontal magnetic field from the N pole to the S pole, and the magnitude of the magnetic field can be changed by adjusting the magnitude of the electromagnet current; the shell 8 is arranged outside the processing table 6, and the electromagnet 7 is arranged on the plane of the shell 8. The guide rail 19 is arranged below the electromagnet 7, and the electromagnet 7 can move on the guide rail 19, thereby causing a change in the direction of the magnetic field; when the laser 2 polishes the surface of the workpiece, the Lorentz force generated by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 7 is always opposite to the direction of the component movement of the melt perpendicular to the magnetic field, thereby inhibiting the flow of the molten pool fluid perpendicular to the magnetic field, and as the steady-state magnetic field intensity increases, the inhibition effect is more obvious; promoting crystal nucleation in the molten pool during solidification, so that the solidified grains are more refined, thereby inhibiting the formation of the second roughness on the workpiece surface, and then improving the quality of the workpiece surface after laser polishing.

[0054] The laser working device 4 is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic material 406, and the piezoelectric effect of the material converts the electrical signal into mechanical vibration. The frequency and amplitude of the mechanical vibration are changed by adjusting the size of the electrical signal through the control system 18. When the laser 2 polishes the workpiece, the laser 2 generates laser, and the laser is transmitted to the output end of the optical fiber to emit a laser beam. The laser beam passes through the collimator 409, and passes through the rear end mass cover 408, the electrode material 407, the piezoelectric ceramic material 406, the front end mass cover 405, and the amplitude transformer 404 in sequence, and finally irradiates the workpiece through the focusing lens 402. The focusing lens vibrates at an ultrasonic frequency, so that the energy density of the laser irradiated on the surface of the workpiece changes periodically, which helps to increase the heat dissipation and heat transfer time of the polishing material and improve the polishing quality of the workpiece surface.

[0055] The laser working device 4 is installed on the frame 1 and is moved up and down and left and right by the chain 27. The laser beam directly irradiates the workpiece through the laser working device 4, so it is a hollow structure, in which the electrode material 407 and the piezoelectric ceramic material 406 are both annular sheets, and a through hole is opened inside the amplitude rod 404.

[0056] The processing table 6 is provided with a refrigeration component 5, and the refrigeration component 5 includes a water-cooling plate and a thermoelectric cooling sheet. The water-cooling plate is installed on the side of the processing table, and the thermoelectric cooling sheet is laid on the water-cooling plate. The thermoelectric cooling sheet includes a cold surface and a hot surface. The cold surface contacts the workpiece, and the hot surface contacts the water-cooling plate. The water-cooling plate has a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet. The water-cooling plate is used to exchange heat with the hot surface to reduce the temperature of the hot surface.

[0057] In this embodiment, the thermoelectric cooling sheet is connected to the control system 18 for communication, and the required low-temperature processing temperature is set by the control system. The communication connection means that the controller 14 can send control instructions to the controlled device.

[0058] The magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing device of this embodiment integrates the three functions of magnetic field, ultrasound and movement of the processing table 6 with laser polishing, and can realize multiple couplings to assist laser polishing.

[0059] In this embodiment, the moving component 13 is a two-dimensional moving platform.

[0060] In this embodiment, a slider 9 is provided at the lower end of the processing table 6, and the processing table 6 is connected to the slider 9. The slider 9 is installed at the lifting end of the lifting assembly, and the lifting function is realized by sliding the slider 9 up and down on the left vertical guide rod 14 and the right vertical guide rod 10.

[0061] When the laser 2 is polishing the workpiece, the lifting assembly drives the processing table 6 to move, thereby realizing the up and down movement of the laser focus when polishing the workpiece surface to adapt to the laser polishing of workpieces of different thicknesses. The moving assembly 13 drives the processing table 6 to move horizontally, thereby realizing the change of the laser irradiation position on the workpiece surface according to the set path, thereby completing the polishing of the workpiece.

[0062] In this embodiment, a threaded hole 16 is provided on the lower end surface of the processing table 6, and a stepped hole matching the processing table 6 is provided on the slider 9. Bolts are provided in the stepped hole, and the bolts are connected to the threaded hole 16. A through hole for the bolts to pass through is correspondingly provided on the outer shell 8.

[0063] In this embodiment, the lifting end includes a servo motor 11 and a vertical guide rod (left) 14 and a vertical guide rod (right) 10. The slider 9 is sleeved on the vertical guide rod (left) 14 and the vertical guide rod (right) 10. The output shaft of the servo motor 11 is a screw shaft 15. The slider 9 is sleeved on the screw shaft 15 and threadedly matched therewith. The servo motor 11 is installed on the frame through a fixing block 12.

[0064] In this embodiment, the device also includes a control system 18, and the laser 2, laser working device 4, electromagnet 7, servo motor 11, and moving component 13 are all communicatively connected to the control system 18. The communication connection means that the control system 18 can send control instructions to the control device.

[0065] The device further comprises a frame 1, the moving assembly 13 and the lifting assembly are both mounted on the frame 1, and the moving assembly 13 is moved by a chain.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Reference Figures 1 to 9 , a magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:

[0068] S1: placing the workpiece to be processed on the processing table 6;

[0069] S2: Adjust the direction of the magnetic field by moving the electromagnet on the guide rail;

[0070] S3: Control the moving assembly 13 to align the workpiece to be processed with the laser 1;

[0071] S4: Control the lifting assembly to drive the processing table 6 to move up and down, so that the focus of the laser 1 is aligned with the surface of the workpiece to be polished;

[0072] S5: setting the magnetic field strength, setting the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic generating component, setting the processing path, and setting the cooling temperature of the cooling component;

[0073] S6: Start the electromagnet 7, the ultrasonic generating assembly, the moving assembly 13 and the laser 2. The moving assembly 13 drives the processing platform to move along the processing path to perform polishing processing.

[0074] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely enumerations of implementation forms of the inventive concept and are for illustrative purposes only. The protection scope of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the specific forms described in this embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be thought of by ordinary technicians in this field based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Place the workpiece to be processed on the processing table; S2: Adjust the direction of the magnetic field by moving the electromagnet on the guide rail; S3: Control the moving component to align the workpiece to be processed with the laser; S4: Control the lifting assembly to drive the processing table to move up and down, so that the focus of the laser is aligned with the surface of the workpiece to be polished; S5: setting the magnetic field strength, setting the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic generating component, setting the processing path and setting the cooling temperature of the cooling component; S6: Start the electromagnet, ultrasonic generating assembly, moving assembly and laser, and the moving assembly drives the processing platform to move along the processing path to perform polishing processing.

2. A magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the S5, the magnetic field strength is set, and the electromagnet is started to generate a steady-state magnetic field with adjustable magnetic induction intensity. The magnetic field acts on the workpiece surface to generate a Lorentz force that is opposite to the direction of the melt's movement perpendicular to the magnetic field, thereby suppressing the flow of the molten pool fluid perpendicular to the magnetic field and accelerating the escape of gas in the molten pool. The frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic generating component are set, and the ultrasonic generating component is started to make the focusing lens perform axial ultrasonic vibration, thereby changing the spot diameter on the workpiece surface and forming an intermittent laser polishing composite manufacturing process on the workpiece surface.

3. A magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In S6, the magnetic field, ultrasound and laser three fields are coupled to perform polishing processing, so as to reduce the influence of the upward and downward deviation of the laser focus position during the processing, inhibit the formation of the second roughness and the formation of pores after the workpiece is polished, so as to improve the processing accuracy and processing quality, refine the grain size, optimize the mechanical properties of the parts, and further reduce the roughness of the workpiece after laser polishing.

4. A device for implementing the magnetic field-ultrasound assisted laser polishing composite manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The device includes a laser, a movable processing table, a laser working device and a magnetic mechanism; the laser is fixedly arranged above the processing table and is used to generate laser, and the output end of the laser is connected to the collimating mirror of the laser working device through an optical fiber terminal; the laser working device is located above the workstation of the processing table, the piezoelectric ceramic of the laser working device is connected to the output of the ultrasonic generating device, the magnetic mechanism is arranged on the outside of the processing table, the processing table is connected to a lifting component used to drive the processing table to rise and fall, the lifting component is connected to a moving component that drives the processing table to move horizontally and vertically, and a refrigeration component is arranged on the processing table.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The laser working device includes a collimator, a front-end mass cover, an electrode material, a piezoelectric ceramic material, a rear-end mass cover, a variable amplitude rod, a lens barrel and a focusing lens. The laser working device is fixedly installed on a frame. The other end of the collimator is connected to the rear-end mass cover, the front-end mass cover is connected to one end of the variable amplitude rod, and the other end of the variable amplitude rod is connected to the lens barrel. The piezoelectric ceramic material and the electrode material are alternately arranged between the front and rear-end mass covers. The front and rear-end mass covers clamp and fix the piezoelectric ceramic material and the electrode material through connecting columns and studs, and the piezoelectric ceramic material and the electrode material are arranged at intervals.

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The magnetic mechanism includes a shell and an electromagnet. A guide rail is arranged inside the shell. The guide rail is an annular guide rail around the processing table. The electromagnet is installed on the guide rail and can move along the guide rail. The electromagnet is used to generate a uniform magnetic field from the N pole to the S pole.

7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that A slider is arranged at the lower end of the processing table, the processing table is connected to the slider, the slider is installed at the lifting end of the lifting component, the lifting end includes a servo motor and a vertical guide rod, and the slider is arranged on the vertical guide rod.

8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The laser working device is installed and fixed on the frame, and is moved up and down and left and right by a chain. The laser beam directly irradiates the workpiece through the laser working device, so it is a hollow structure, in which the electrode material and the piezoelectric ceramic material are both annular sheets, and a through hole is opened inside the amplitude rod.

9. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The device also includes a control system, and the laser, servo system, laser working device, and magnetic mechanism are all communicatively connected to the control system, and the communication connection means that the control system can send control instructions to the controlled device.

10. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The refrigeration assembly also includes a water-cooling plate and a thermoelectric cooling sheet. The water-cooling plate is installed on the processing table. The water-cooling plate is provided with a thermoelectric cooling sheet, wherein the thermoelectric cooling sheet includes a cold surface and a hot surface. The cold surface contacts the workpiece, and the hot surface contacts the water-cooling plate. The water-cooling plate has a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.

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