Laser head and laser cutting machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cutting, and discloses a laser head and a laser cutting machine. The laser head comprises a main body and an air inlet ring, a mounting cavity is formed in the main body, the air inlet ring is arranged in the mounting cavity, a first air chamber, a second air chamber and a third air chamber are sequentially arranged between the inner wall of the mounting cavity and the outer ring of the air inlet ring, and the volume of the first air chamber is larger than that of the second air chamber and that of the third air chamber; the first air chamber is communicated with an air source, the first air chamber, the second air chamber and the third air chamber are communicated in sequence, and the third air chamber is communicated with an inner ring of the air inlet ring. According to the laser head disclosed by the invention, the gas path is optimally designed, so that the gas is turned for multiple times in the flowing process, the path of the gas flow is prolonged, the homogenization of the gas flow is promoted, and a cutting surface can be smoother. Besides, the first air chamber with the maximum volume is used for primarily homogenizing the entered air flow, so that most turbulence and unstable factors can be eliminated, the air flow noise is reduced, and the working environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, and in particular to a laser head and a laser cutting machine. Background Art

[0002] Laser cutting machines are widely used in metal processing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace and other fields. The laser head is the core component of the equipment, which is responsible for focusing the laser beam on the workpiece for precise cutting. During the laser cutting process, auxiliary gases (such as oxygen and nitrogen) are introduced to blow away slag, protect the lens and cool the workpiece, thereby improving the cutting quality and protecting the optical components.

[0003] The invention with the existing publication number CN118752084A discloses a laser cutting head, which includes a main body, an air intake ring, an air guide ring and a nozzle. The main body is provided with a mounting cavity inside, the air intake ring and the air guide ring are both connected to the inside of the mounting cavity, the air guide ring is connected to the bottom end of the main body, the nozzle is connected to the bottom end of the main body, and an air intake cavity is formed between the outer ring of the air intake ring and the side wall of the mounting cavity. When the laser cutting head is working, the auxiliary gas first enters the air intake cavity for homogenization, and then the auxiliary gas moves upward, hits the air guide ring, enters the inner ring of the air intake ring, and is finally ejected through the nozzle.

[0004] The gas path design of the above laser cutting head results in the auxiliary gas not being fully homogenized before entering the cutting area, which affects the cutting quality. Secondly, before the airflow enters the cutting area, the pressure and speed of the airflow change linearly, which makes it difficult to accurately control the airflow pressure and speed, and it is difficult to take into account the optimal values ​​of airflow speed and pressure at the same time, and it cannot meet the cutting requirements of different materials and thicknesses. In addition, the airflow is prone to pulsation and noise in the air path, which affects the stability of the cutting operation and the working environment. Therefore, the above problems need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a laser head and a laser cutting machine, which can achieve uniformity, stabilization and high efficiency of air flow through precise air path design to meet different process requirements.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A laser head, the laser head comprising a main body and an intake ring, the main body is provided with a mounting cavity inside, the intake ring is provided inside the mounting cavity, a first air chamber, a second air chamber and a third air chamber are provided between the inner wall of the mounting cavity and the outer ring of the intake ring, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are provided along the radial direction of the intake ring, and the third air chamber is located on a side of the second air chamber close to the intake end of the intake ring;

[0008] Among them, the volume of the first air chamber is greater than the volume of the second air chamber and the volume of the third air chamber, the first air chamber is connected to the air source, the first air chamber, the second air chamber and the third air chamber are connected in sequence, and the third air chamber is connected to the inner circle of the intake ring.

[0009] Preferably, the laser head further comprises:

[0010] A first sealing ring, the first sealing ring is located at the outer ring of the air outlet end of the air inlet ring, and the first sealing ring is sealingly arranged between the outer ring of the air inlet ring and the inner wall of the installation cavity;

[0011] a second sealing ring, the second sealing ring being located at one side of the air inlet end of the air inlet ring and spaced apart from the air inlet ring, the outer ring of the second sealing ring being in sealing cooperation with the inner wall of the mounting cavity, the inner diameter of the second sealing ring being less than or equal to the inner diameter of the air inlet end of the air inlet ring;

[0012] A first separating ring and a second separating ring, wherein the first separating ring is sealably arranged between the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring, so that the cavity between the inner wall of the mounting cavity and the outer ring of the first separating ring forms the first air chamber, and the second separating ring is sealably arranged between the inner ring of the first separating ring and the outer ring of the intake ring, and the second separating ring separates the cavity between the inner ring of the first separating ring and the outer ring of the intake ring along the axial direction of the intake ring to form the second air chamber and the third air chamber; a plurality of first connecting holes for connecting the first air chamber and the second air chamber are provided on the first separating ring along its circumference, and a plurality of second connecting holes for connecting the second air chamber and the third air chamber are provided on the second separating ring along its circumference.

[0013] Preferably, the volume of the first air chamber, the volume of the second air chamber and the volume of the third air chamber decrease in sequence.

[0014] Preferably, an inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole is larger than an outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole, and an inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting hole is smaller than an outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting hole.

[0015] Preferably, the number of the second connecting holes is greater than the number of the first connecting holes.

[0016] Preferably, a support ring is provided on the second separating ring, and one end of the support ring away from the second separating ring abuts against and seals against the second sealing ring.

[0017] Preferably, an air guide ring is provided on one side of the second sealing ring close to the air intake ring, and the air guide ring extends axially along the air intake ring to the inner ring of the air intake ring, so that an air guide channel is formed between the air intake ring and the air guide ring.

[0018] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner ring of the intake ring gradually decreases from the intake end to the outlet end of the intake ring.

[0019] Preferably, the laser head further comprises a primary air guide ring and a secondary air guide ring, wherein the primary air guide ring and the secondary air guide ring are sequentially arranged on the main body, the air intake ring, the primary air guide ring and the secondary air guide ring are coaxially arranged, and the inner ring of the air intake ring, the inner ring of the primary air guide ring and the inner ring of the secondary air guide ring are interconnected to form a first air guide hole in the inner ring of the primary air guide ring and a second air guide hole in the inner ring of the secondary air guide ring.

[0020] The laser cutting machine comprises a machine tool host, a laser body and an optical path system, wherein the optical path system is connected to the machine tool host, the laser body is connected to the top of the optical path system, and the laser cutting machine further comprises a laser head, which is connected to the bottom of the optical path system.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] The laser head of the present invention sequentially arranges the first air chamber, the second air chamber and the third air chamber between the mounting cavity and the air intake ring. Compared with the existing air path, the gas in the air path first enters the second air chamber from the first air chamber, then enters the third air chamber from the second air chamber, and finally enters the air intake ring from the third air chamber before entering the air intake ring. The gas undergoes multiple changes of direction during the flow process, and the path of the air flow is extended, thereby promoting the homogenization of the air flow, making the cutting surface smoother and reducing slag and burrs. In addition, since the first air chamber connected to the air source has the largest volume, the first air chamber with the largest volume is used to preliminarily homogenize the incoming air flow, thereby eliminating most turbulence and unstable factors, reducing air flow noise, and improving the working environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the laser cutting machine of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the laser head of the present invention along the radial direction of the air intake ring;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first separation ring and the second separation ring in the present invention.

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 1. Main body; 11. Mounting cavity; 12. Nozzle; 2. Inlet ring; 21. Retaining ring; 31. First sealing ring; 32. Second sealing ring; 321. Air guide ring; 322. Air guide channel; 41. First separating ring; 411. First connecting hole; 42. Second separating ring; 421. Second connecting hole; 422. Support ring; 51. First air chamber; 52. Second air chamber; 53. Third air chamber; 6. Primary air guide ring; 61. First air guide hole; 7. Secondary air guide ring; 71. Second air guide hole; 72. Diffusion cavity; 8. Mirror seat; 81. Lens; 9. Laser body; 10. Optical path system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0032] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0033] Refer to the following Figures 1 to 4 The laser head and laser cutting machine provided by the present invention are described.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 The laser cutting machine includes a machine tool host (not shown in the figure), and the laser cutting machine also includes a laser body 9, an optical path system 10 and a laser head connected in sequence from top to bottom. The optical path system 10 is connected to the machine tool host, and the machine tool host can drive the optical path system 10 to realize the movement of the X, Y and Z axes. The laser body 9 can generate laser light, and the optical path system 10 can focus the laser light into a high-power density laser beam. The specific structures of the machine tool host, the laser body 9 and the optical path system 10 are all existing technologies and will not be repeated here.

[0035] When the above laser cutting machine is working, the laser emitted by the laser body 9 is focused into a high-power density laser beam by the optical path system 10. The laser beam is gathered again by the laser head and irradiated to the surface of the workpiece, so that the workpiece reaches the melting point or boiling point. At the same time, the gas coaxial with the light beam blows away the molten or vaporized metal. Finally, in the process of the laser body 9 moving relative to the workpiece, the material is cut, thereby achieving the purpose of cutting. Laser cutting has many advantages such as high cutting quality, fast cutting speed, safe and convenient operation, and wide applicability. It is suitable for various metal and non-metal materials, such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy, chromium alloy, stainless steel, beryllium oxide, composite materials, etc.

[0036] Reference Figures 2 to 4 The laser head includes a main body 1 and an air intake ring 2. A mounting cavity 11 is arranged inside the main body 1. The air intake ring 2 is arranged inside the mounting cavity 11. A first air chamber 51, a second air chamber 52 and a third air chamber 53 are arranged between the inner wall of the mounting cavity 11 and the outer ring of the air intake ring 2. The first air chamber 51 is connected to the air source. The first air chamber 51, the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53 are connected in sequence. The third air chamber 53 is connected to the inner ring of the air intake ring 2.

[0037] It is worth noting that the main body 1 in this embodiment is vertically arranged, and the installation cavity 11 passes through the main body 1 in the vertical direction. The air intake ring 2 in this embodiment is a circular ring with a vertical axis, and the top end of the air intake ring 2 is the air intake end, and the bottom end of the air intake ring 2 is the air outlet end. The following content is explained using this orientation as an example. It needs to be explained that in other embodiments, the main body 1 can also be tilted at a certain angle.

[0038] Furthermore, a lens 81 is also provided inside the installation cavity 11. The lens 81 is placed above the air intake ring 2. A plurality of lens seats 8 are provided inside the installation cavity 11 from top to bottom. In this embodiment, two are taken as an example. One lens 81 is provided on each lens seat 8, wherein the upper lens 81 is a focusing lens, and the lower lens 81 is a protective lens. The protective lens can be used to isolate the gas and dust moving upward inside the installation cavity 11 to prevent contamination of the focusing lens.

[0039] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 Specifically, the laser head further includes a first sealing ring 31, a second sealing ring 32, a first separating ring 41 and a second separating ring 42. The first sealing ring 31 is located at the bottom of the intake ring 2. The first sealing ring 31 is sealed between the outer ring of the intake ring 2 and the inner wall of the mounting cavity 11. In this embodiment, the inner ring of the first sealing ring 31 is integrally arranged with the outer ring of the intake ring 2. The inner ring of the first sealing ring 31 abuts against and seals the inner wall of the mounting cavity 11. In this way, not only the sealing performance between the first sealing ring 31 and the intake ring 2 can be improved, but also the positioning effect of the intake ring 2 can be improved, so that the intake ring 2 is not easy to move abnormally and the operation is more stable. In other embodiments, the first sealing ring 31 and the intake ring 2 can also be separately arranged.

[0040] Further, the second sealing ring 32 is located at the top of the intake ring 2 and is spaced apart from the intake ring 2. The outer ring of the second sealing ring 32 is sealed against the inner wall of the mounting cavity 11. The inner diameter of the second sealing ring 32 is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the top of the intake ring 2. Specifically, in this embodiment, the inner diameter of the second sealing ring 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the top of the intake ring 2, so that a gap for gas flow can be left between the bottom of the second sealing ring 32 and the top of the intake ring 2, and the upward movement of the airflow can be blocked. In other embodiments, the inner diameter of the second sealing ring 32 can also be equal to the inner diameter of the top of the intake ring 2.

[0041] Furthermore, the first separation ring 41 is sealed between the top of the first sealing ring 31 and the bottom of the second sealing ring 32, that is, the top of the first separation ring 41 abuts and seals with the second sealing ring 32, and the bottom of the first separation ring 41 abuts and seals with the first sealing ring 31, so that the cavity between the inner wall of the installation cavity 11 and the outer ring of the first separation ring 41 forms the first air chamber 51. The second separation ring 42 is sealed between the inner ring of the first separation ring 41 and the outer ring of the intake ring 2. In this embodiment, the inner ring of the second separation ring 42 is integrally formed with the outer ring of the intake ring 2, and the outer ring of the second separation ring 42 abuts and seals with the inner ring of the first separation ring 41. The second separation ring 42 divides the cavity between the first separation ring 41 and the intake ring 2 into the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53 from bottom to top, and the volume of the first air chamber 51, the volume of the second air chamber 52 and the volume of the third air chamber 53 decrease in sequence. In other embodiments, the second separation ring 42 and the intake ring 2 may also be provided separately.

[0042] In addition, an air intake channel is provided on the main body 1, the inlet of the air intake channel is connected to the air source through a pipeline, and the outlet of the air intake channel is connected to the first air chamber 51, so that the air source is connected to the first air chamber 51; a plurality of first connecting holes 411 for connecting the first air chamber 51 and the second air chamber 52 are provided on the first separating ring 41 along its circumference, so that the gas can enter the second air chamber 52 from the first air chamber 51 through the first connecting holes 411; a plurality of second connecting holes 421 for connecting the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53 are provided on the second separating ring 42 along its circumference, so that the gas can enter the third air chamber 53 from the second air chamber 52 through the second connecting holes 421.

[0043] Based on the above, the first air chamber 51, the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53 are sequentially arranged between the installation cavity 11 and the intake ring 2, and the volumes of the first air chamber 51, the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53 are sequentially reduced. When the auxiliary gas is introduced into the intake passage, the airflow first enters the first air chamber 51 with the largest volume for homogenization, at which most of the turbulence and instability factors can be eliminated, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the airflow noise and improving the working environment. Then, the airflow flows along the radial direction of the intake ring 2 to enter the second air chamber 52 from the first air chamber 51, and then the airflow flows along the axial direction parallel to the intake ring 2 to enter the third air chamber 53 from the second air chamber 52. Finally, the airflow flows along the radial direction of the intake ring 2 to the inner ring of the intake ring 2, and flows downward along the axial direction of the intake ring 2, so that the airflow changes direction multiple times, and the path of the airflow is extended, which promotes the homogenization of the airflow, and can make the cutting surface smoother and smoother, reducing slag and burrs. In addition, the top of the third air chamber 53 is blocked by the second sealing ring 32 to prevent the airflow from impacting the lens 81 upward, thereby reducing the contamination of the lens 81 and extending the service life of the optical element.

[0044] It should be noted that the gas source can be compressed oxygen, nitrogen or air. In this embodiment, nitrogen is used as an example. Nitrogen is an inert gas that does not react chemically with metal materials. During the laser cutting process, nitrogen can replace the oxygen around the cutting area to prevent the metal from being oxidized, thereby keeping the cutting edge clean and free of discoloration. Secondly, the use of high-purity nitrogen can ensure a stable cutting environment and provide uniform cutting with consistent quality. In addition, compared with gases such as oxygen, nitrogen can achieve faster cutting speeds, and its inert and non-reactive characteristics can prevent additional thermal reactions with metals, thereby achieving more efficient and faster cutting operations. Finally, nitrogen can remove particulate matter from the beam path, reduce laser distortion, and protect the laser's optical components, mirrors, and lenses, extending their service life and reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 A retaining ring 21 is connected to the connection between the intake ring 2 and the first sealing ring 31. The inner ring of the retaining ring 21 is integrally formed with the intake ring 2, and the bottom of the retaining ring 21 is integrally formed with the first sealing ring 31. The outer ring of the retaining ring 21 abuts against and is sealed with the first separating ring 41, so that the retaining ring 21 supports the bottom of the first separating ring 41, and at the same time, the gap between the first air chamber 51 and the second air chamber 52 is formed into an L shape, thereby improving the sealing between the first air chamber 51 and the second air chamber 52.

[0046] Furthermore, a support ring 422 is connected to the top of the second separating ring 42, and the top of the support ring 422 abuts against the second sealing ring 32, thereby supporting the bottom of the second sealing ring 32 through the support ring 422, and at the same time forming two seals between the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53, thereby improving the sealing between the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53.

[0047] Preferably, the first connecting hole 411 in this embodiment is a conical hole, and the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole 411 is larger than the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole 411. The first connecting hole 411 divides the entire airflow inside the first air chamber 51 into multiple small airflows, which refines the airflow, reduces turbulence, and improves the uniformity of the airflow. Since the volume of the second air chamber 52 is smaller than the volume of the first air chamber 51, and the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole 411 is larger than the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole 411, the Venturi effect is used to increase the speed and reduce the pressure of the airflow when it passes through the first connecting hole 411. At this time, the accelerated airflow is received by the second air chamber 52, further improving the effect of airflow homogenization.

[0048] Further preferably, the second connecting hole 421 in this embodiment is also a conical hole, and the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting hole 421 is larger than the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole 411, and the cone direction of the second connecting hole 421 is set opposite to the cone direction of the first connecting hole 411, so that the airflow speed is reduced and the pressure is increased when passing through the second connecting hole 421, thereby achieving the stabilization and smooth transition of the airflow. In addition, the third air chamber 53 has the smallest volume, and the stabilized airflow is received through the third air chamber 53 to provide a stable and uniform airflow to the intake ring 2. It should also be noted here that the number of the second connecting holes 421 is greater than the number of the first connecting holes 411, that is, the density of the second connecting holes 421 is greater than the density of the first connecting holes 411, so that after the airflow enters the third air chamber 53, the airflow homogenization effect is better. In some other embodiments, the first connecting hole 411 and the second connecting hole 421 can also be set to other shapes, such as strips or squares, etc., without limitation.

[0049] Based on the above settings, by setting the first air chamber 51, the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53 with decreasing volumes in sequence, and cooperating with the first connecting hole 411 and the second connecting hole 421 of the conical hole, nonlinear pressure gradient control is achieved, which facilitates fine control of the air flow parameters to meet the cutting requirements of different materials and thicknesses, that is, to meet different process requirements.

[0050] It should be noted that the nonlinear pressure gradient control is achieved in the present invention through a pre-designed fixed structure, that is, when designing the laser head gas path system, the pressure and speed changes required by the airflow when passing through each part are considered simultaneously, and these changes are achieved through the volume changes of the first air chamber 51, the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53, and the special design of the size and shape of the first connecting hole 411 and the second connecting hole 421. Although the volumes of the first air chamber 51, the second air chamber 52 and the third air chamber 53 are fixed, and the size and shape of the first connecting hole 411 and the second connecting hole 421 are also fixed, they enable the pressure and speed of the airflow to change according to the pre-designed nonlinear law when the airflow passes through the laser head, so that various processing requirements can be met within the characteristic range without changing the mechanical structure.

[0051] For example, in the actual processing process, the air flow parameters can be adjusted in the following ways:

[0052] 1. Adjust the gas source parameters

[0053] 1.1. Gas pressure: By adjusting the output pressure of the gas source, the initial pressure of the gas entering the laser head can be changed, thereby affecting the pressure distribution and speed of the gas flow in the entire system.

[0054] 1.2. Gas flow: By adjusting the flow of the gas source, the gas flow entering the laser head can be changed, which can also affect the gas flow speed and pressure.

[0055] 2. Adjust the parameters of auxiliary equipment

[0056] 2.1. Laser power: By adjusting the output power of the laser generator, the parameters of the airflow are indirectly adjusted.

[0057] 2.2. Cutting speed: By adjusting the moving speed of the laser head, it can also adapt to different airflow parameters.

[0058] In actual applications, laser cutting machines usually have multiple sets of preset process parameters for different materials and thicknesses. The process parameters include the above-mentioned gas pressure, gas flow, laser power and cutting speed. Operators can choose the appropriate combination of process parameters according to specific processing requirements.

[0059] Reference Figure 3 An air guide ring 321 is provided at the bottom of the second sealing ring 32. The air guide ring 321 extends axially along the intake ring 2 to the inner ring of the intake ring 2, so that an air guide channel 322 is formed between the intake ring 2 and the air guide ring 321. The airflow is guided by the air guide channel 322, which can further prevent the lens 81 from being contaminated. When the airflow moves downward along the air guide channel 322, a local negative pressure can be formed in the area below the lens 81, and the dust at the bottom of the lens 81 can be adsorbed, thereby improving the cleanliness of the surface of the lens 81 and improving the irradiation effect of the laser beam on the workpiece.

[0060] Exemplarily, the air guide ring 321 and the second sealing ring 32 in this embodiment are integrally formed, and the connection between the second sealing ring 32 and the air guide ring 321 is an arc transition, which can improve the connection strength between the air guide ring 321 and the second sealing ring 32, thereby improving the working stability of the air guide ring 321, and can also reduce the flow resistance of the airflow passing through the connection between the second sealing ring 32 and the air guide ring 321, making the airflow smoother.

[0061] In addition, the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner ring of the intake ring 2 gradually decreases from the air inlet end to the air outlet end of the intake ring 2, that is, the diameter of the inner ring of the intake ring 2 gradually decreases from top to bottom, so that the air guide channel 322 gradually shrinks at the outlet of the third air chamber 53, thereby finally accelerating the airflow flowing through the air guide channel 322, increasing the kinetic energy of the airflow, and enhancing the slag blowing capability.

[0062] Reference Figure 2The bottom of the main body 1 is sequentially provided with a primary air guide ring 6, a secondary air guide ring 7 and a nozzle 12, the air intake ring 2, the primary air guide ring 6 and the secondary air guide ring 7 are coaxially arranged, and the inner rings of the air intake ring 2, the primary air guide ring 6 and the secondary air guide ring 7 are interconnected, so as to form a first air guide hole 61 in the inner ring of the primary air guide ring 6, and a second air guide hole 71 in the inner ring of the secondary air guide ring 7. The cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet end of the first air guide hole 61 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet end of the air guide ring 321, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet end of the second air guide hole 71 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet end of the primary air guide ring 6, so that a step is formed at the connection between the air guide ring 321 and the first air guide hole 61, and a step is formed at the connection between the primary air guide ring 6 and the secondary air guide ring 7.

[0063] Based on the content of the previous paragraph, the gas is compressed in sequence through the inner ring of the air intake ring 2, the first air guide hole 61 and the second air guide hole 71, so that the pressure of the gas gradually increases, thereby generating sufficient kinetic energy, and blowing away the residue generated from the cut seam of the workpiece during the cutting operation, so that the processed workpiece obtains a better end surface effect. The two steps respectively block the scum and dust moving upward along the first air guide hole 61 and the second air guide hole 71, further preventing the lens 81 from being contaminated. At the same time, the scum and dust moving upward will diffuse to the center of the first air guide hole 61 and the second air guide hole 71 after hitting the steps, and the compressed gas at the outlet end of the air intake ring 2 and the outlet end of the first air guide hole 61 will carry the scum and dust downward, and finally discharge the scum and dust.

[0064] Furthermore, the inner ring of the secondary air guide ring 7 is also provided with a diffusion chamber 72, which is located at the outlet end of the second air guide hole 71, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the diffusion chamber 72 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet end of the second air guide hole 71, so that the gas compressed by the second air guide hole 71 is diffused, and the compressed gas is diffused twice inside the diffusion chamber 72, and then ejected through the nozzle 12, and the gas is compressed twice. Finally, the gas is compressed and diffused again, so that the pressure and flow rate of the gas are increased, the stability of the gas flow direction is improved, and the gas is sprayed straighter, thereby improving the cleaning effect of the cut seam and improving the cutting quality.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser head, comprising a main body (1) and an air intake ring (2), wherein a mounting cavity (11) is arranged inside the main body (1), and the air intake ring (2) is arranged inside the mounting cavity (11), characterized in that: A first air chamber (51), a second air chamber (52) and a third air chamber (53) are arranged between the inner wall of the mounting cavity (11) and the outer ring of the intake ring (2); the first air chamber (51) and the second air chamber (52) are arranged along the radial direction of the intake ring (2); and the third air chamber (53) is located on a side of the second air chamber (52) close to the intake end of the intake ring (2); The volume of the first air chamber (51) is greater than the volume of the second air chamber (52) and the volume of the third air chamber (53); the first air chamber (51) is connected to an air source; the first air chamber (51), the second air chamber (52) and the third air chamber (53) are connected in sequence; and the third air chamber (53) is connected to the inner ring of the intake ring (2).

2. The laser head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser head also includes: A first sealing ring (31), the first sealing ring (31) being located at the outer ring of the air outlet end of the air inlet ring (2), the first sealing ring (31) being sealingly arranged between the outer ring of the air inlet ring (2) and the inner wall of the mounting cavity (11); a second sealing ring (32), the second sealing ring (32) being located at one side of the air inlet end of the air inlet ring (2) and spaced apart from the air inlet ring (2), the outer ring of the second sealing ring (32) being in sealing cooperation with the inner wall of the mounting cavity (11), the inner diameter of the second sealing ring (32) being less than or equal to the inner diameter of the air inlet end of the air inlet ring (2); A first separating ring (41) and a second separating ring (42), wherein the first separating ring (41) is sealingly arranged between the first sealing ring (31) and the second sealing ring (32), so that the cavity between the inner wall of the installation cavity (11) and the outer ring of the first separating ring (41) forms the first air chamber (51), and the second separating ring (42) is sealingly arranged between the inner ring of the first separating ring (41) and the outer ring of the intake ring (2), and the second separating ring (42) seals the first separating ring (41) 1) and the outer ring of the intake ring (2) are separated along the axial direction of the intake ring (2) to form the second air chamber (52) and the third air chamber (53); the first separation ring (41) is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes (411) along its circumference for connecting the first air chamber (51) and the second air chamber (52); the second separation ring (42) is provided with a plurality of second connecting holes (421) along its circumference for connecting the second air chamber (52) and the third air chamber (53).

3. The laser head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the first air chamber (51), the volume of the second air chamber (52), and the volume of the third air chamber (53) decrease in sequence.

4. The laser head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole (411) is larger than the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting hole (411), and the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting hole (421) is smaller than the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting hole (421).

5. The laser head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the second communicating holes (421) is greater than the number of the first communicating holes (411).

6. The laser head according to claim 2, characterized in that: A support ring (422) is provided on the second separation ring (42), and one end of the support ring (422) away from the second separation ring (42) abuts against and seals against the second sealing ring (32).

7. The laser head according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air guide ring (321) is provided on one side of the second sealing ring (32) close to the air intake ring (2); the air guide ring (321) extends axially along the air intake ring (2) to the inner ring of the air intake ring (2), so that an air guide channel (322) is formed between the air intake ring (2) and the air guide ring (321).

8. The laser head according to claim 7, characterized in that: From the air inlet end to the air outlet end of the air inlet ring (2), the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner ring of the air inlet ring (2) gradually decreases.

9. The laser head according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The laser head further comprises a primary air guide ring (6) and a secondary air guide ring (7), wherein the primary air guide ring (6) and the secondary air guide ring (7) are sequentially arranged on the main body (1), the air intake ring (2), the primary air guide ring (6) and the secondary air guide ring (7) are coaxially arranged, and the inner ring of the air intake ring (2), the inner ring of the primary air guide ring (6) and the inner ring of the secondary air guide ring (7) are interconnected to form a first air guide hole (61) in the inner ring of the primary air guide ring (6), and a second air guide hole (71) in the inner ring of the secondary air guide ring (7).

10. A laser cutting machine, comprising a machine tool host, a laser body (9) and an optical path system (10), wherein the optical path system (10) is connected to the machine tool host, and the laser body (9) is connected to the top of the optical path system (10), characterized in that: The laser cutting machine further comprises a laser head as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the laser head is connected to the bottom of the optical path system (10).

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