Energy-saving straw compost fermentation device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of straw fermentation, and particularly relates to an energy-saving straw compost fermentation device which comprises a shell, a protective shell is installed on the outer wall of the shell, a chopping assembly used for slitting straw is arranged in the protective shell, and a motor of the chopping assembly is connected with a driving shaft. The eccentric shaft rotates eccentrically, the eccentric arm pushes the extrusion rod to extrude the air bag, the air bag continuously adds air into the water tank, the pressure in the water tank in a closed state is continuously increased, and then the pressure nozzle at the bottom of the water tank sprays out water under the condition that the interior of the water tank is increased; certain air space is reserved in the water tank, water cannot be sprayed out at the initial starting stage of the chopping assembly and when the internal pressure of the water tank is insufficient, the phenomenon that fermentation is affected due to the fact that the water spraying bottom of the stacked materials is too wet can be avoided, water spraying operation is carried out layer by layer in the continuous stacking process, and straw, auxiliary fermentation materials and water make more uniform contact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of straw fermentation, and in particular to an energy-saving straw composting fermentation device. Background Art

[0002] Straw composting is the process of converting crop straw into organic fertilizer through microbial fermentation.

[0003] Currently, straw recycling and composting to make organic fertilizer is mostly handled by farmers themselves. Farmers face many problems when composting on their own, such as insufficient temperature, difficulty in forming an anaerobic environment, uneven fermentation of the upper and lower layers during the composting process, and the bottom of the compost being too wet. At the same time, the cumbersome steps of composting will also waste a lot of time.

[0004] At present, farmers will choose to pile straw in an outdoor sealed container, add fermentation materials and ferment it by itself, which may easily lead to the fertilizer being not fine enough, not evenly decomposed, low in nutrient content, and poor effect after fertilizer formation;

[0005] Since straw and auxiliary fermentation materials need to be evenly mixed in a certain proportion, and farmers often do not have the equipment to mix them, and straw and auxiliary fermentation materials need to be sprinkled with water layer by layer to increase the humidity during the stacking process, this undoubtedly greatly increases the workload of straw composting; at the same time, the straw composting needs to be turned over after it is completed, and it is difficult for farmers to complete the turning without destroying the anaerobic environment.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device to solve the problem that the straw composting process of farmers is cumbersome and requires a lot of manpower, while completing the processes of quantitative mixing and layer-by-layer watering to improve the quality of straw compost after fertilizer formation.

[0008] The present invention provides an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device, comprising a housing, an outer wall of the housing is provided with a protective shell, a chopping assembly for chopping straw is built into the protective shell, a motor of the chopping assembly is connected to a drive shaft, and auxiliary gears are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer wall of the drive shaft;

[0009] The shell has a material spreading assembly built in, the auxiliary gear of the material spreading assembly is meshed with the driving gear, the auxiliary gear is meshed with the material spreading gear, a material spreading shaft passes through the middle of the material spreading gear, and material spreading holes are equidistantly opened on the outer wall of the material spreading shaft;

[0010] The material spreading assembly also includes a material box, and funnel-shaped hoppers are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the material box. The bottom of the hopper is arc-shaped for fitting the material spreading shaft, and a material leakage port corresponding to the material spreading hole on the material spreading shaft is opened at the bottom of the hopper.

[0011] The shell is equipped with a jolting bucket for mixing materials, the jolting bucket is dustpan-shaped, a hinge is fixed to the bottom of the jolting bucket, a paddle is provided on the short side of the jolting bucket, and a spring is provided on the side wall of the short side of the jolting bucket, the paddle forms intermittent contact with the rotation direction of the driving gear, and the discharging direction of the shredding assembly and the spreading direction of the spreading assembly both correspond to the jolting bucket;

[0012] The other end of the driving shaft is connected with a layer-by-layer humidification sprinkler assembly through a bearing.

[0013] Preferably, the sprinkler assembly comprises a water tank, pressure nozzles are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the water tank, a water inlet is arranged at the top of the water tank, a sealing plug is threadedly connected to the water inlet, the water tank is strip-shaped, and the water tank is diagonally placed at the top of the shell.

[0014] Preferably, the other end of the drive shaft is connected to the non-circular point of the eccentric wheel through a bearing, the other side of the eccentric wheel is connected to an eccentric arm through a bearing, the eccentric arm is connected to an extrusion rod through a bearing, an airbag is fixed above the extrusion rod, the top of the airbag is connected to one end of the water tank through a one-way air valve, and a one-way air inlet nozzle is provided at the bottom of the airbag.

[0015] Preferably, cutting knives are equidistantly arranged on the driving shaft portion between the two groups of driving gears, and the protective shell is provided with an opening corresponding to the cutting knife area.

[0016] Preferably, both sides of the opening of the protective shell are connected with a turning bucket via a rotating shaft, the turning bucket turns downward to guide the straw into the chopping assembly, and the turning bucket turns upward to cover the opening.

[0017] Preferably, a glass plate is provided on the side wall opposite to the housing having the protective shell, and a side door is provided on a cross section of one side of the housing.

[0018] Preferably, a turning component for turning the straw mixture is provided at the bottom of the shell.

[0019] Preferably, the flip shaft of the flip assembly slides through the shell, the flip shaft is located inside the shell and has flip shovels equidistantly arranged, a limit ring is provided at one end of the flip shaft outside the shell, the other end of the flip shaft outside the shell is connected to a rocker arm, the other end of the rocker arm is connected to a crank, and the flip shaft can slide back and forth.

[0020] Compared with the related art, the energy-saving straw composting fermentation device provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] The shavings of the shavings are then fed to the feeder and the feeder is fed to the feeder by the gear, and the feeder is fed to the feeder by the gear, and the feeder is fed to the feeder by the gear, and the feeder is fed to the feeder by the gear.

[0023] 2. In the process of chopping, the eccentric shaft rotates eccentrically and the eccentric arm pushes the extrusion rod to squeeze the airbag. The airbag continuously adds gas to the water tank, so that the internal pressure of the water tank in a closed state continues to increase, and then the pressure nozzle at the bottom of the water tank sprays water when the pressure inside the water tank increases. Since the water flow will eventually flow to the bottom, a certain air space is reserved in the water tank. At the initial start-up of the chopping component, the internal pressure of the water tank is insufficient and the water cannot be sprayed out temporarily, which can avoid the bottom of the pile being too wet due to watering and affecting the fermentation. In the process of continuous stacking, watering is carried out layer by layer, so that the contact between the straw, the auxiliary fermentation materials and the water is more uniform, which is conducive to more uniform fermentation of each layer of the stacked straw.

[0024] 3. The present invention uses a turning assembly to drive the rocker arm to rotate through the crank handle, and then the turning shaft drives the turning shovel to turn the accumulated straw in the shell. The position of the turning shovel in the shell can be adjusted by pushing the turning shaft back and forth, which is convenient for turning the accumulated straw without opening the side door to destroy the anaerobic environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the exterior of a shell of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a chopping component of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a watering assembly of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of a water tank and an air bag of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a spreading component of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a material box of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a turning component of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the exterior of a shell of an energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure numerals: 1, shell; 11, side door; 12, glass plate; 2, flip bucket; 21, rotating shaft; 3, shredding assembly; 31, cutting knife; 32, driving gear; 33, driving shaft; 34, motor; 35, bumping bucket; 36, paddle; 37, spring; 4, protective shell; 5, water sprinkling assembly; 51, eccentric wheel; 52, eccentric arm; 53, extrusion rod; 54, air bag; 541, one-way air inlet nozzle; 55, water tank; 551, pressure nozzle; 56, water inlet; 561, sealing plug; 6, spreading assembly; 61, material box; 62, leakage hopper; 621, leakage port; 63, spreading hole; 64, spreading gear; 65, spreading shaft; 66, auxiliary gear; 7, flipping assembly; 71, rocker arm; 72, flip shaft; 73, flip shovel; 74, limit ring; 75, crank DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] An energy-saving straw composting fermentation device comprises a shell 1, the shell 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped as a whole, a protective shell 4 is installed on the outer wall of the shell 1, a chopping assembly 3 for chopping straw is built in the protective shell 4, a motor 34 of the chopping assembly 3 is connected to a driving shaft 33, the driving shaft 33 is driven to rotate by the motor 34, driving gears 32 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer wall of the driving shaft 33, and the driving shaft 33 rotates while driving the driving gear 32, and the two rotate at the same frequency;

[0037] Cutting knives 31 are equidistantly arranged on the driving shaft 33 between the two groups of driving gears 32. The rotation of the driving shaft 33 drives the multiple cutting knives 31 to rotate. The protective shell 4 is provided with an opening corresponding to the cutting knife 31 area, and the straw is sent through the opening to the multiple rotating cutting knives 31 for segmented processing.

[0038] The housing 1 has a material spreading assembly 6 built therein, the auxiliary gear 66 of the material spreading assembly 6 meshes with the driving gear 32, the auxiliary gear 66 meshes with the material spreading gear 64, the rotation of the driving gear 32 drives the auxiliary gear 66 and the material spreading gear 64 to rotate in turn, a material spreading shaft 65 passes through the middle of the material spreading gear 64, the outer wall of the material spreading shaft 65 is equidistantly provided with material spreading holes 63, and two material spreading holes 63 are symmetrically arranged on the same ring of the material spreading shaft 65;

[0039] The spreading component 6 also includes a material box 61, which is filled with a mixture of bacteria and rice bran, wheat bran or corn flour. The bacteria are the core of straw fermentation and can decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the straw. Funnel-shaped hoppers 62 are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the material box 61. The bottom of the hopper 62 is arc-shaped for fitting the spreading shaft 65. A leakage port 621 corresponding to the spreading hole 63 on the spreading shaft 65 is opened at the bottom of the hopper 62. The auxiliary fermentation material in the material box 61 enters from the leakage port 621 corresponding to the spreading hole 63 of the spreading shaft 65 under the guidance of the inclined surface of the hopper 62.

[0040] When the motor 34 of the chopping assembly 3 is started, the driving shaft 33 drives the cutting blade 31 to rotate to cut the straw into segments, and the cut straw falls into the bumping bucket 35. At the same time, the driving gear 32 drives the auxiliary gear 66 and the spreading gear 64 to rotate in turn, and the spreading gear 64 drives the spreading shaft 65 to rotate. The auxiliary fermentation material in the material box 61 enters the spreading hole 63 of the spreading shaft 65 corresponding to the leakage port 621 under the guidance of the inclined surface of the leakage hopper 62;

[0041] The housing 1 is provided with a jolting bucket 35 for mixing, the jolting bucket 35 is dustpan-shaped, a hinge is fixed at the bottom of the jolting bucket 35, the jolting bucket 35 nods with the hinge as the origin, a paddle 36 is provided on the short side of the jolting bucket 35, and a spring 37 is provided on the short side wall of the jolting bucket 35, the paddle 36 forms intermittent contact with the rotation direction of the driving gear 32, at the moment when the outer wall of the driving gear 32 and the paddle 36 contact, the paddle 36 is quickly pushed in the rotation direction of the driving gear 32 to form a nodding action, and the jolting bucket 35 is reset under the action of the spring 37, and the discharging direction of the shredder assembly 3 and the spreading direction of the spreading assembly 6 both correspond to the jolting bucket 35;

[0042] During the rotation of the spreading shaft 65, the cuttings of straw and the auxiliary fermentation materials naturally fall from the spreading hole 63 to the bumping bucket 35 under the action of gravity, and the cut straw and the auxiliary fermentation materials enter the bumping bucket 35 at the same time. Since the paddle 36 of the bumping bucket 35 is in contact with the rotation direction of the driving gear 32, the rotational force of the driving gear 32 pushes the paddle 36 to nod with the hinge as the center point, and resets under the action of the spring 37, so that the bumping bucket 35 vibrates in a nodding manner, and the cut straw and the auxiliary fermentation materials are mixed and dispersed, so that the two enter the shell 1 more dispersedly, and no accumulation is formed on one side, and the three processes of chopping, quantitative mixing and dispersing are completed by a single power source.

[0043] The other end of the driving shaft 33 is connected to a layer-by-layer humidification sprinkler assembly 5 through a bearing.

[0044] The watering assembly 5 comprises a water tank 55, and pressure nozzles 551 are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the water tank 55, which are mainly composed of a nozzle head, a nozzle body and a connection interface;

[0045] The nozzle head is in direct contact with the water flow, and the nozzle body is the part connecting the nozzle head and the rear end interface. A flow channel or passage is usually provided inside to guide the water flow from the input end to the nozzle head. The connecting interface is located at the rear end of the nozzle body and is directly connected to the water source in the water tank 55.

[0046] A water inlet 56 is provided on the top of the water tank 55, and water is added into the water tank 55 through the water inlet 56. A sealing plug 561 is threadedly connected to the water inlet 56, and the water tank 55 is in a closed state by threading the water inlet 56 through the sealing plug 561. The water tank 55 is strip-shaped, and the water tank 55 is diagonally placed at the top of the shell 1. The diagonally placed water tank 55 is relatively uniform during the watering process.

[0047] The other end of the driving shaft 33 is connected to the non-circular point of the eccentric wheel 51 through a bearing, and the other side of the eccentric wheel 51 is connected to an eccentric arm 52 through a bearing. The driving shaft 33 drives the eccentric arm 52 to swing during rotation, and the eccentric arm 52 is connected to an extrusion rod 53 through a bearing. The extrusion rod 53 is located in a limiting ring 74. Under the action of the eccentric arm 52, the extrusion rod 53 slides up and down in the limiting ring 74, and an air bag 54 is fixed above the extrusion rod 53. The top of the air bag 54 is connected to one end of the water tank 55 through a one-way air valve, and a one-way air inlet nozzle 541 is provided at the bottom of the air bag 54. External gas enters the air bag 54 through the one-way air inlet nozzle 541, and under the action of the up and down squeezing of the extrusion rod 53, the internal gas of the air bag 54 is sent into the water tank 55, thereby increasing the internal pressure of the water tank 55, and then under the action of the pressure, the water flow is sprayed out by the pressure nozzle 551.

[0048] During the chopping process, the eccentric shaft rotates eccentrically and the extrusion rod 53 is pushed by the eccentric arm 52 to squeeze the airbag 54. The airbag 54 continuously adds gas to the water tank 55, so that the internal pressure of the water tank 55 in a closed state continues to increase, and then the pressure nozzle 551 at the bottom of the water tank 55 sprays water when the pressure inside the water tank 55 increases. Since the water flow will eventually flow to the bottom, a certain air space is reserved in the water tank 55. At the initial start-up of the chopping component 3, the internal pressure of the water tank 55 is insufficient and the water cannot be sprayed out temporarily, which can avoid the bottom of the pile from being too wet and affecting the fermentation. In the process of continuous pile-up, watering is performed layer by layer, so that the straw, the auxiliary fermentation material and the water are in contact more evenly.

[0049] The two sides of the opening of the protection shell 4 are connected with a turning bucket 2 through a rotating shaft 21. The turning bucket 2 turns down to guide the straw into the chopping assembly 3, and the turning bucket 2 turns up to cover the opening.

[0050] After the turning bucket 2 is turned up, the opening can be closed by an external baffle, so that the shell 1 is in a relatively sealed state, so that an anaerobic environment is formed inside the shell 1, which is conducive to the fermentation of the straw.

[0051] A glass plate 12 is arranged on the side wall opposite to the shell 1 with the protective shell 4. The ultraviolet rays in the sunlight passing through the glass plate 12 can stimulate the metabolic activity of microorganisms and increase their growth and reproduction speed. The sunlight can provide suitable temperature and lighting conditions, which are conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, thereby accelerating the decomposition process of the straw; a side door 11 is arranged on the cross section of one side of the shell 1, and when fertilizer needs to be taken, it is completed through the side door 11.

[0052] The bottom of the housing 1 is provided with a turning component 7 for turning the straw mixture.

[0053] The flipping shaft 72 of the flipping assembly 7 slides through the shell 1, and the flipping shovels 73 are equidistantly arranged in the part of the flipping shaft 72 located inside the shell 1, and a limit ring 74 is arranged at one end of the flipping shaft 72 located outside the shell 1, and a rocker arm 71 is arranged and connected to the other end of the flipping shaft 72 located outside the shell 1, and the other end of the rocker arm 71 is connected to a crank 75, and the flipping shaft 72 can slide back and forth.

[0054] The crank arm 71 is driven to rotate by the crank handle 75, and then the turning shaft 72 drives the turning shovel 73 to turn the accumulated straw in the shell 1, and the position of the turning shovel 73 in the shell 1 can be adjusted by pushing the turning shaft 72 forward and backward, so as to facilitate the turning of the accumulated straw, and there is no need to open the side door 11, so as not to damage the anaerobic environment of the shell 1.

[0055] The gear ratio of the driving gear 32 and the spreading gear 64 can be set with reference to the mixing ratio. In the production of organic fertilizer, straw usually needs to be mixed with other organic wastes for fermentation, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of these mixed materials is generally required to be around 25 to 30:1.

[0056] For example, the mixing ratio of pig manure and wheat straw powder is about 10:3, the mixing ratio of cow dung and wheat straw powder is about 3:2, and the mixing ratio of distiller's grains and wheat straw powder is 2:1. Adjustments can be made based on the local agricultural environment.

[0057] Working principle: Place the glass plate 12 of the housing 1 facing the direct sunlight, and turn the turning bucket 2 downward through the rotating shaft 21 to guide the straw into the chopping assembly 3;

[0058] The straw is guided by the tipping bucket 2 and contacts the chopping assembly 3 through the opening of the protective shell 4. When the motor 34 of the chopping assembly 3 is started, the driving shaft 33 drives the cutting knife 31 to rotate to cut the straw into segments, and then the cut straw falls into the bumping bucket 35. At the same time, the driving gear 32 drives the auxiliary gear 66 and the spreading gear 64 to rotate in turn, and the spreading gear 64 drives the spreading shaft 65 to rotate. The auxiliary fermentation material in the material box 61 enters the spreading hole 63 of the spreading shaft 65 corresponding to the leakage port 621 under the guidance of the inclined surface of the leakage hopper 62. During the rotation of the spreading shaft 65, the material naturally falls from the spreading hole 63 to the bumping bucket 35 under the action of gravity, and the cut straw and the auxiliary fermentation material enter the bumping bucket 35 at the same time. Since the paddle 36 of the bumping bucket 35 is in contact with the rotation direction of the driving gear 32, the rotation force of the driving gear 32 pushes the paddle 36 to nod with the hinge as the center point, and resets under the action of the spring 37, so that the bumping bucket 35 vibrates in a nod-like manner, mixes and disperses the cut straw and the auxiliary fermentation material, so that the two enter the housing 1 in a more dispersed manner;

[0059] During the chopping process, the eccentric shaft rotates eccentrically and the extrusion rod 53 is pushed by the eccentric arm 52 to squeeze the airbag 54. The airbag 54 continuously adds gas to the water tank 55, so that the internal pressure of the water tank 55 in a closed state continues to increase, and then the pressure nozzle 551 at the bottom of the water tank 55 sprays water when the pressure inside the water tank 55 increases. Since the water flow will eventually flow to the bottom, a certain air space is reserved in the water tank 55. At the initial start-up of the chopping component 3, the internal pressure of the water tank 55 is insufficient and the water cannot be sprayed out temporarily, which can avoid the bottom of the pile from being too wet and affecting the fermentation. In the process of continuous pile-up, watering is performed layer by layer, so that the straw, the auxiliary fermentation material and the water are in contact more evenly.

[0060] After the straw composting is completed, the motor 34 is turned off, and the turning bucket 2 is turned up by the hinge to cover the opening. After the turning bucket 2 is turned up, the opening can be closed by the external baffle, so that the housing 1 is in a relatively sealed state, so that an anaerobic environment is formed inside the housing 1;

[0061] The compost is turned over regularly, and the crank handle 75 drives the rocking arm 71 to rotate, and then the turning shaft 72 drives the turning shovel 73 to turn the accumulated straw in the housing 1, and the position of the turning shovel 73 in the housing 1 can be adjusted by pushing the turning shaft 72 forward and backward to turn the accumulated straw;

[0062] Fertilizer is taken by opening the side door 11.

[0063] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving straw composting fermentation device, comprising a housing (1), wherein a protective shell (4) is installed on the outer wall of the housing (1), wherein a chopping assembly (3) for chopping straw is built in the protective shell (4), wherein a motor (34) of the chopping assembly (3) is connected to a driving shaft (33), wherein: Auxiliary gears (66) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer wall of the driving shaft (33); The housing (1) has a material spreading assembly (6) built therein, the auxiliary gear (66) of the material spreading assembly (6) meshes with the driving gear (32), the auxiliary gear (66) meshes with the material spreading gear (64), a material spreading shaft (65) passes through the middle of the material spreading gear (64), and the outer wall of the material spreading shaft (65) is provided with material spreading holes (63) at equal intervals; The material spreading assembly (6) further comprises a material box (61), the bottom of the material box (61) is provided with funnel-shaped hoppers (62) at equal intervals, the bottom of the hopper (62) is arc-shaped for fitting the material spreading shaft (65), and the bottom of the hopper (62) is provided with a material leakage port (621) corresponding to the material spreading hole (63) on the material spreading shaft (65); The housing (1) is provided with a jolting bucket (35) for mixing materials. The jolting bucket (35) is dustpan-shaped. A hinge is fixed to the bottom end of the jolting bucket (35). A paddle (36) is provided on the short side of the jolting bucket (35). A spring (37) is provided on the side wall of the short side of the jolting bucket (35). The paddle (36) forms intermittent contact with the driving gear (32) in the direction of rotation. The discharging direction of the chopping component (3) and the spreading direction of the spreading component (6) both correspond to the jolting bucket (35). The other end of the driving shaft (33) is connected to a layer-by-layer humidification sprinkler assembly (5) via a bearing.

2. An energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The watering assembly (5) comprises a water tank (55), the bottom of the water tank (55) is provided with pressure nozzles (551) at equal intervals, the top of the water tank (55) is provided with a water inlet (56), the water inlet (56) is threadedly connected to a sealing plug (561), the water tank (55) is strip-shaped, and the water tank (55) is located at the top of the housing (1) and is placed diagonally.

3. An energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other end of the driving shaft (33) is connected to the non-circular point of the eccentric wheel (51) through a bearing, the other side of the eccentric wheel (51) is connected to an eccentric arm (52) through a bearing, the eccentric arm (52) is connected to an extrusion rod (53) through a bearing, an air bag (54) is fixed above the extrusion rod (53), the top of the air bag (54) is connected to one end of the corresponding water tank (55) through a one-way air valve, and a one-way air inlet nozzle (541) is arranged at the bottom of the air bag (54).

4. The energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cutting knives (31) are equidistantly arranged on the portion of the driving shaft (33) between the two groups of driving gears (32), and the protective shell (4) is provided with an opening corresponding to the cutting knives (31) area.

5. The energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two sides of the opening of the protective shell (4) are connected to a turning bucket (2) via a rotating shaft (21); the turning bucket (2) turns downward to guide the straw into the chopping assembly (3); and the turning bucket (2) turns upward to cover the opening.

6. The energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A glass plate (12) is arranged on the side wall opposite to the housing (1) having the protective shell (4), and a side door (11) is arranged on a cross section of one side of the housing (1).

7. The energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A turning component (7) for turning the straw mixture is arranged at the bottom of the housing (1).

8. The energy-saving straw composting and fermentation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flipping shaft (72) of the flipping assembly (7) slides through the shell (1); the flipping shaft (72) is located inside the shell (1) and is provided with flipping shovels (73) at equal intervals; one end of the flipping shaft (72) located outside the shell (1) is provided with a limit ring (74); the other end of the flipping shaft (72) located outside the shell (1) is provided with a rocker arm (71); the other end of the rocker arm (71) is connected to a crank (75); and the flipping shaft (72) can slide forward and backward.

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