Hot smoke generation device and method for simulating fire training environment

Abstract

The invention provides a hot smoke generating device and method for simulating a fire training environment, the device comprises an automatic feeding assembly, a smoldering chamber, a smoke collecting cavity, an ash deposition chamber, a flue, a smoke concentration control assembly and a PID self-adaptive auxiliary heating assembly, the automatic feeding assembly is communicated with the smoldering chamber, the lower part of the smoldering chamber is communicated with the ash deposition chamber, and the lower part of the smoldering chamber is communicated with the PID self-adaptive auxiliary heating assembly; the upper part of the smoke collecting cavity is communicated with the lower surface of the smoke collecting cavity, and the upper surface of the smoke collecting cavity is communicated with the flue; the flue gas concentration control assembly comprises a plurality of flue gas openings, shifting pieces and a flue gas concentration controller, the flue gas openings are formed in the lower surface of the flue gas collecting cavity, the shifting pieces are arranged on the flue gas openings, and each shifting piece is connected with the flue gas concentration controller through a rotating shaft; the PID self-adaptive auxiliary heating assembly comprises a PID heating control unit, a temperature sensor and a heating rod, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod according to the real-time temperature reflected by the temperature sensor. According to the invention, stable, real and intelligent flue gas simulation can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fire training equipment, and in particular to a hot smoke generating device and method for simulating a fire training environment. Background Art

[0002] When a fire occurs in a building, thick smoke is often produced, which spreads and endangers the safety of people on other floors. Since smoke produced by fire accidents poses a great threat to safety, fire smoke has gradually become a focus of increasing attention for fire rescue units. Therefore, smoke simulation training needs to be conducted regularly.

[0003] In the current smoke simulation training, it is necessary to first set up the ignition point and the smoke generating device, and build a relatively realistic fire scene. When the smoke concentration reaches the conditions of the actual fire scene, firefighting training is then carried out to improve the actual combat capabilities and emergency response levels of firefighters. However, the types of smoke generated by the smoke generating devices used in current firefighting training are relatively single, and the temperature of the generated smoke is quite different from the temperature of the smoke in the actual fire scene. In addition, in the existing smoke simulation training, it is necessary to rely on artificial fillers, which is prone to uneven smoke generation, and the smoke effect of the fire scene simulation training is not realistic. That is, the existing smoke simulation device has the problem of unstable smoke generation and unrealistic smoke effects. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a hot smoke generating device and method for simulating a fire training environment to achieve stable, realistic and intelligent smoke simulation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment, comprising an automatic feeding component, a simmering chamber, a smoke collecting chamber, an ash accumulation chamber, a flue, a smoke concentration control component, and a PID adaptive auxiliary heating component, wherein the automatic feeding component is connected to the simmering chamber, the lower part of the simmering chamber is connected to the ash accumulation chamber, and the upper part is connected to the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber in the form of a platform, and the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber is connected to the flue; The smoke concentration control component comprises a smoke opening, a paddle and a smoke concentration controller, wherein a plurality of smoke openings are arranged on the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber, each smoke opening is provided with a paddle, and each paddle is connected to the smoke concentration controller via a rotating shaft; The PID adaptive auxiliary heating component includes a PID heating control unit, temperature sensors arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber and the flue outlet, and heating rods respectively arranged in the smoke collecting chamber and the flue. The PID heating control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the heating rod, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod according to the real-time temperature reflected by the temperature sensor.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the smoke volume is controlled by feeding control and smoke concentration control to improve the stability of smoke simulation; at the same time, the temperature of smoke entering the smoke collecting chamber, smoke entering the smoke duct and smoke exhaust is monitored and PID adaptive control is used to adjust the corresponding heating rod to ensure that the temperature of the smoke is close to the temperature in a real fire, which not only makes the smoke simulation effect more realistic, but also can simulate the smoke temperature under different fire conditions, improving the pertinence and effectiveness of training.

[0007] Optionally, the automatic feeding assembly includes a silo, a feeding control panel, a conveying control partition and an inclined feeding pipeline, the conveying control partition is arranged on the connecting surface between the silo and the inclined feeding pipeline, the feeding control panel is electrically connected to the conveying control partition, and the feeding port on the inclined feeding pipeline away from the silo is connected to the stewing chamber.

[0008] Optionally, the simmering chamber includes a supporting plate located above the ash accumulation chamber and a heating coil arranged on the supporting plate, an ash dropping opening is opened on the supporting plate, and a door body is arranged on one side of the simmering chamber.

[0009] Optionally, a plurality of smoke openings are evenly arranged on the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber, and the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber is a U-shaped heating rod and one is arranged above and below the smoke collecting chamber.

[0010] Optionally, ventilation holes are arranged on four sides of the dust accumulation chamber.

[0011] Optionally, the flue comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe, the heating rod in the flue is a spiral heating rod coiled on the inner pipe, and the inner pipe is a smoke exhaust channel.

[0012] Optionally, the automatic feeding component contains a variety of optional solid particles.

[0013] Optionally, the PID heating control unit and the flue gas concentration controller share a flue gas concentration-temperature control panel.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for generating hot smoke in a simulated fire training environment, using a hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps: S1. Control solid particles to enter the simmering chamber for combustion through the automatic feeding component to generate smoke; S2, controlling the swing of the paddle on the smoke opening through a smoke concentration controller on the smoke concentration control assembly, so that smoke enters the smoke collecting chamber; S3. The real-time smoke temperature of the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber, the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber and the smoke outlet is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor. The PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the corresponding heating rod according to the real-time smoke temperature to compensate for the temperature error, so that the smoke that finally reaches the preset temperature is discharged from the smoke duct.

[0015] Optionally, step S3 includes: The temperature sensor monitors the first real-time smoke temperature of the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber in real time, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber according to the difference between the first real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature; The second real-time smoke temperature of the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod in the flue according to the difference between the second real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature; The third real-time smoke temperature at the smoke duct outlet is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the PID controller corresponding to the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber and the PID controller corresponding to the heating rod in the smoke duct according to the difference between the third real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature, so that the smoke that finally reaches the preset temperature is discharged from the smoke duct.

[0016] Among them, the technical effect corresponding to the hot smoke generating method for simulating a fire training environment provided by the second aspect refers to the relevant description of the hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment provided by the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of a hot smoke generating device simulating a fire training environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Another internal schematic diagram of a hot smoke generating device simulating a fire training environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for generating hot smoke in a simulated fire training environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Description of reference numerals: 1. Automatic feeding assembly; 11. Feed silo; 12. Feeding control panel; 13. Conveying control partition; 14. Inclined feeding pipeline; 2. Simmering chamber; 21. Carrying plate; 22. Heating coil; 23. Ash drop port; 24. Door body; 3. Smoke collecting chamber; 4. Dust accumulation chamber; 41. Ventilation opening; 5. Flue; 51. External pipe; 52. Internal pipe; 53. Smoke exhaust passage; 6. Smoke concentration control component; 61. Smoke opening; 62. Paddle; 63. Rotating shaft; 7. PID adaptive auxiliary heating component; 71. first thermocouple; 72. second thermocouple; 73. third thermocouple; 74. U-shaped heating rod; 75. spiral heating rod; 8. Smoke concentration-temperature control panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to better understand the above technical solution, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0020] Embodiment 1 This embodiment is suitable for scenarios that require smoke simulation training. The existing smoke generating device has unstable smoke generation and unrealistic smoke effects. This embodiment improves the structure of the entire hot smoke generating device, introduces feeding control and smoke concentration control to control the smoke volume to ensure the stability of smoke simulation, and uses PID control to control the smoke temperature, thereby improving the authenticity of smoke simulation and the smoke effect of fire scene simulation training. See the following description for details.

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 A hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment comprises an automatic feeding component 1, a simmering chamber 2, a smoke collecting chamber 3, an ash accumulation chamber 4, a flue 5, a smoke concentration control component 6 and a PID adaptive auxiliary heating component 7. The automatic feeding component 1 is connected to the simmering chamber 2, the simmering chamber 2 is connected to the ash accumulation chamber 4 at the bottom, and is connected to the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3 in the form of a platform at the top, and the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3 is connected to the flue 5.

[0022] Thus, solid particles are put into the automatic feeding component 1, and the automatic feeding component 1 automatically controls the amount of solid particles entering the simmering chamber 2, and the solid particles are simmered in the simmering chamber 2 to generate smoke, which is discharged through the smoke collecting chamber 3 and the flue 5 above, and the residue is collected through the ash accumulation chamber 4 below, wherein the smoke entering the smoke collecting chamber 3 is controlled by the smoke concentration control component 6, and the exhaust smoke temperature is controlled by the PID adaptive auxiliary heating component 7, thereby realizing smoke simulation.

[0023] Specifically, the automatic feeding component 1 contains a variety of optional solid particles, which are selected according to the needs of the fire smoke scene during training to simulate the combustion of burning materials in a real fire scene to generate smoke. Such solid particles can be selected from wood particles, rubber crumbs, chemical fibers, resins, etc.

[0024] The automatic feeding assembly 1 is welded on the left side of the simmering chamber 2, and is mainly used to automatically provide solid particles for combustion to the simmering chamber 2. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the automatic feeding assembly 1 includes a silo 11, a feeding control panel 12, a conveying control partition 13 and an inclined feeding pipeline 14. The conveying control partition 13 is arranged on the connecting surface between the silo 11 and the inclined feeding pipeline 14. The feeding control panel 12 is electrically connected to the conveying control partition 13. The feeding port on the inclined feeding pipeline 14 away from the silo 11 is connected to the simmering chamber 2. Specifically, the silo 11 is a structure of a rectangular body at the upper end and a four-sided pyramid at the lower end welded by stainless steel plates, which is a feeding window for solid particles. The feeding control panel 12 is an electronic component panel for controlling the delivery amount of solid particles, and solid particles can be fixedly provided to the simmering chamber 2 according to the required interval time period. The conveying control partition 13 is a component for controlling the amount of solid particles, and the opening size of the partition is controlled by the feeding control panel 12. The inclined feeding pipeline 14 is a connecting channel for the silo 11 to transport to the simmering chamber 2.

[0025] The simmering chamber 2 is made of stainless steel plates sealed and welded as a whole, and is mainly used to simmer solid particles to generate flue gas. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the simmering chamber 2 includes a supporting plate 21 located above the ash accumulation chamber 4 and a heating coil 22 arranged on the supporting plate 21. An ash outlet 23 is provided on the supporting plate 21, and a door body 24 is provided on one side of the simmering chamber 2. Specifically, the supporting plates 21 on the side and bottom of the simmering chamber 2 are made of 3mm thick stainless steel plates. The door body 24 is the main door of the simmering chamber 2 welded with a stainless steel plate, which is convenient for the subsequent treatment of residual ash. The ash outlet 23 on the supporting plate 21 is a circular opening arranged in an array. The supporting plate 21 is the place where solid particles are heated and burned. The ash outlet 23 provides oxygen supply and facilitates the ash to settle. The heating coil 22 is mainly used to heat solid particles to achieve combustion.

[0026] The ash accumulation chamber 4 is where the ash settles and collects, and is also the oxygen supply port. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that ventilation holes 41 are arranged on four sides of the ash accumulation chamber 4 for introducing oxygen for simmering in the simmering chamber 2 .

[0027] The smoke collecting chamber 3 is located above the simmering chamber 2 and mainly collects smoke generated by the combustion of solid particles in the simmering chamber 2 .

[0028] The flue 5 is located above the smoke collecting chamber 3 and is used to discharge smoke and perform secondary compensation for the error between the smoke temperature value and the set temperature value to ensure that the output smoke temperature remains constant. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the flue 5 includes an outer pipe 51 and an inner pipe 52 , and the inner pipe 52 contains a smoke exhaust passage 53 .

[0029] The smoke concentration control component 6 is arranged between the simmering chamber 2 and the smoke collecting chamber 3 to control the smoke concentration. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the smoke concentration control component 6 includes a smoke opening 61, a paddle 62 and a smoke concentration controller. A plurality of smoke openings 61 are provided on the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3. Each smoke opening 61 is provided with a paddle 62, and each paddle 62 is connected to the smoke concentration controller through a rotating shaft 63. The paddle 62 is adjusted according to the smoke concentration conditions required for firefighting real fire smoke simulation training to control the opening size and opening number of the smoke opening 61 to adjust the concentration of the smoke output. Specifically, a plurality of smoke openings 61 are evenly arranged on the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3, such as in the present embodiment, a total of eight smoke openings 61 and corresponding eight paddles 62 are arranged in two rows above and below.

[0030] The PID adaptive auxiliary heating component 7 monitors the smoke temperature in the smoke collecting chamber 3 and the smoke duct 5 in real time, and compensates for the error between the real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature, so that the output smoke temperature meets the scene conditions of real fire smoke simulation training. Figure 2 and Figure 3It can be seen that the PID adaptive auxiliary heating component 7 includes a PID heating control unit, temperature sensors arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the smoke collecting chamber 3 and the outlet of the flue 5, and heating rods respectively arranged in the smoke collecting chamber 3 and the flue 5. The PID heating control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the heating rod, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod according to the real-time temperature reflected by the temperature sensor. Specifically, the temperature sensor is specifically divided into a first thermocouple 71 arranged on the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3, a second thermocouple 72 arranged on the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3, and a third thermocouple 73 arranged at the outlet of the flue 5. The heating rod is specifically divided into a U-shaped heating rod 74 arranged in the smoke collecting chamber 3 and a spiral heating rod 75 coiled on the inner pipe 52. The U-shaped heating rod 74 is arranged one above and one below in the smoke collecting chamber 3 to ensure the stability of the smoke temperature control.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 It can be seen that the PID heating control unit and the smoke concentration controller share a smoke concentration-temperature control panel 8 , that is, both input control instructions through the smoke concentration-temperature control panel 8 .

[0032] The overall structure of this embodiment in practical application is illustrated as follows: See also Figure 1 The stewing chamber 2 is 1.5m long, 1.0m wide, 0.85m high, and has a 15cm long and 15cm wide square opening on the left. The upper part of the silo 11 of the automatic feeding component 1 is a rectangular body with a length of 30cm, a width of 30cm and a height of 20cm. The lower part of the silo 11 is a quadrangular pyramid with an upper bottom surface of 30cm long and 30cm wide, a lower bottom surface of 15cm long and 15cm wide, and an overall height of 20cm. The main body of the smoke collecting chamber 3 is a quadrangular pyramid with an upper bottom surface of 1m long and 0.6m wide, a lower bottom surface of 1.5m long and 1.0m wide, and an overall height of 0.8m. The outer pipe 51 of the high-temperature flue 5 has a diameter of 0.4m, and the inner pipe 52 has a diameter of 0.3m. The main body of the dust accumulation chamber 4 is 1.5m long, 1.0m wide and 0.15m high, wherein the vents 41 on the long side are 1.2m long and 0.1m wide; the vents 41 on the short side are 0.8m long and 0.1m wide.

[0033] Among them, four second thermocouples 72 with an equal spacing of 0.1m are horizontally arranged in the extension direction 0.1m below the upper bottom surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3, and four first thermocouples 71 with an equal spacing of 0.1m are horizontally arranged in the extension direction 0.1m above the lower bottom surface. A U-shaped heating rod 74 is horizontally arranged in the extension direction 0.2m below the upper bottom surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3, and a U-shaped heating rod 74 is horizontally arranged in the extension direction 0.2m above the lower bottom surface.

[0034] The PID control involved in this embodiment is described as follows: In this embodiment, the heating control of the two U-shaped heating rods 74 is based on the feedback of the first thermocouple 71, the heating control of the spiral heating rod 75 is based on the feedback of the second thermocouple 72, and the feedback of the third thermocouple 73 will act on the heating power adjustment of the U-shaped heating rod 74 and the spiral heating rod 75 at the same time. Specifically, PID control is based on a preset control target, using a proportional controller P to approximate the preset value, using an integral controller I to eliminate static error, and using a differential controller D to accelerate stable control. The main idea of ​​PID control is to build a feedback system based on the error between the actual measurement value and the target control value, and adjust the system according to the feedback value.

[0035] In general, the formula for PID control adjustment is as follows:

[0036] In the formula, is the proportionality coefficient, is the integration time, is the differential time. The coefficients of the three parts are the proportional coefficients , integral coefficient and differential coefficient , the expressions are as follows:

[0037] Among them, for temperature control, the role of the PID controller is to adjust the output of the heating rod according to the feedback signal of the temperature sensor to maintain the set target temperature. The proportional part adjusts the output according to the deviation between the current temperature and the target temperature, the integral part adjusts the output according to the accumulation of the deviation, and the differential part adjusts the output according to the speed of the deviation change. The three work together to achieve precise control of the temperature. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the experimental determination is used. , , The coefficients are given as system input.

[0038] The specific basic principles of the three parts of the PID controller, namely proportional control (P), integral control (I) and differential control (D), are as follows: Proportional control (P): A proportional term is calculated based on the difference between the actual temperature and the set value. Proportional term and proportional coefficient The result is used to adjust the heating power. When the actual temperature is lower than the set value, the proportional term is positive, increasing the heating power; when the actual temperature is higher than the set value, the proportional term is negative, reducing the heating power.

[0039] Integral control (I): Introduced to eliminate steady-state errors in proportional control. The proportional term is integrated and the result is also used to adjust the heating power. The function of the integral term is to gradually eliminate the temperature deviation and make the actual temperature closer to the set value. When the temperature deviation persists, the integral term will gradually increase or decrease, thereby adjusting the heating power to eliminate the deviation.

[0040] Differential control (D): Introduced to improve the response speed of the system. A differential term is calculated based on the negative feedback of the temperature change rate. Differential term and differential coefficient The result of multiplication is also used to adjust the heating power. The role of the differential term is to predict the future temperature change trend and adjust the heating power in advance to slow down the overshoot and oscillation of the system.

[0041] In actual system applications, the three control parts of the PID controller make adaptive adjustments to the heating power simultaneously, thereby outputting a comprehensive heating power, enabling the system to reach the set value quickly and stably, and minimize overshoot and oscillation.

[0042] Therefore, the PID control of this embodiment realizes the online monitoring of the smoke output temperature of the smoke generating device by the present invention, and takes real-time measures to perform incremental PID adjustment, which can achieve continuous stability of the output smoke temperature, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the smoke generating device.

[0043] Embodiment 2 Reference Figure 4 It can be seen that the present invention provides a method for generating hot smoke in a simulated fire training environment, which is a hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment based on the above-mentioned embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: S1. The automatic feeding component 1 controls solid particles to enter the simmering chamber 2 for combustion to generate smoke.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 In combination with the description in the first embodiment, in step S1, solid particles are poured into the silo 11, and the feeding control panel 12 controls the solid particles to be conveyed. The feeding control panel 12 adjusts the conveying quantity, and the solid particles flow into the simmering chamber 2 through the inclined feeding pipe 14. The solid particles enter the simmering chamber 2, and the heating coil 22 is started to heat the solid particles to make them burn to generate smoke.

[0045] S2. The smoke concentration controller on the smoke concentration control assembly 6 controls the swing of the paddle 62 on the smoke opening 61 , so that smoke enters the smoke collecting chamber 3 .

[0046] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3In combination with the description in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, in step S2, when the solid particulate matter starts to burn, the smoke concentration-temperature control panel is controlled to adjust the paddle 62 on the smoke opening 61 through the transmission shaft to allow the smoke to enter the smoke collecting chamber 3.

[0047] S3. The real-time smoke temperature of the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3, the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3 and the flue 5 outlet is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor. The PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the corresponding heating rod according to the real-time smoke temperature to compensate for the temperature error, so that the smoke that finally reaches the preset temperature is discharged from the flue 5.

[0048] In this embodiment, step S3 includes: S31, monitoring the first real-time smoke temperature of the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3 in real time through a temperature sensor, and adjusting the heating power of the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber 3 according to the difference between the first real-time smoke temperature and a preset temperature by a PID heating control unit; In this embodiment, the temperature of the smoke when entering the smoke collecting chamber 3 is measured by the first thermocouple 71 , so as to adjust the heating power of the two U-shaped heating rods 74 .

[0049] S32, monitoring the second real-time smoke temperature of the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber 3 in real time through the temperature sensor, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod in the flue 5 according to the difference between the second real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature; In this embodiment, the temperature of the flue gas when it enters the flue 5 is measured by the second thermocouple 72 to adjust the heating power of the spiral heating rod 75 .

[0050] S33. The third real-time smoke temperature at the flue 5 outlet is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor. The PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the PID controller corresponding to the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber 3 and the PID controller corresponding to the heating rod in the flue 5 according to the difference between the third real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature, so that the smoke that finally reaches the preset temperature is discharged from the flue 5.

[0051] In this embodiment, the temperature of the smoke when it is discharged from the smoke duct 5 is measured by the third thermocouple 73, so as to adjust the heating power of the two U-shaped heating rods 74 and the spiral heating rod 75 again. Figure 1 and Figure 3, and combined with the description in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, in step S3, first, the upper and lower thermocouples of the smoke collecting chamber 3 monitor the temperature of the incoming smoke in real time, start the U-shaped heating rod 74 according to the preset temperature, and automatically adjust the heating power of the U-shaped heating rod 74 according to the real-time monitored smoke temperature to compensate for the error of the smoke temperature so that it reaches the set temperature. Then, the smoke moves upward to the upper end of the smoke collecting chamber 3, the upper thermocouple monitors the smoke temperature value, pre-starts the spiral heating rod 75 in the high-temperature flue 5, and adjusts the heating power of the spiral heating rod 75 in real time. Finally, the thermocouple at the outlet of the flue 5 detects the temperature of the discharged smoke, and adjusts the heating power of the U-shaped heating rod 74 and the spiral heating rod 75 at the same time, so that the final output smoke temperature meets the preset temperature, and the smoke is finally discharged through the inner pipe 52.

[0052] Among them, after the above steps S1 to S3, that is, after the combustion is completed, the door body 24 at the front end of the simmering chamber 2 can be opened to clean the residual ash, and the settled ash can be removed through the ventilation port 41 of the ash accumulation chamber 4.

[0053] In summary, the present invention has the following positive effects: (1) The smoke effect produced by the present invention is highly realistic. The smoke smell is realistic. The smell produced by burning a variety of optional solid particles in the simmering chamber 2 is similar to the smell in a real fire, providing a more realistic experience for trainees; the smoke has rich colors. Depending on the type of solid particles selected and the combustion conditions, smoke of different colors, such as black, white, gray, etc., can be produced, which is consistent with the color of smoke in a real fire.

[0054] (2) The smoke concentration produced by the present invention is more stable and controllable. The automatic feeding bin 11 can automatically feed solid particles into the simmering chamber 2 according to a preset program without manual intervention; at the same time, the opening size and number of the smoke opening 61 can be controlled by the paddle 62 to adjust the output smoke concentration to meet the needs of different training scenarios.

[0055] (3) The smoke temperature generated by the present invention is more stable and controllable. The PID adaptive auxiliary heating component 7 can automatically adjust the heating power according to the set temperature to ensure that the smoke temperature is close to the temperature in a real fire. This adjustment capability enables the device to simulate the smoke temperature under different fire conditions, thereby improving the pertinence and effectiveness of the training.

[0056] (4) The present invention can make the smoke movement conform to the actual fire scene. Through the design of the smoke collecting chamber 3 and the smoke duct 5, the smoke can flow along a predetermined path, simulating the diffusion and spread of smoke in a real fire scene. This design enables trainees to more intuitively understand the movement of smoke in a fire scene and improve their ability to deal with fires.

[0057] (5) The present invention achieves high automation and technology integration to ensure the safety and stability of the training process. Intelligent control: The entire device adopts an intelligent control system that can monitor and adjust the temperature of the flue gas in real time, and can control the flue gas output concentration according to demand. Technology integration: The device integrates a variety of advanced technologies, such as PID adaptive control and automatic feeding technology, to achieve efficient and intelligent flue gas simulation. The automation and technology integration of the present invention achieves no close human intervention during the operation of the device, avoids close human contact with high-temperature dense smoke, and ensures the safety and stability of the training process.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0059] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0060] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, when a first feature is “on” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, when a first feature is “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. When a first feature is “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0061] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0062] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment, characterized in that: It includes an automatic feeding component, a simmering chamber, a smoke collecting chamber, an ash accumulation chamber, a flue, a smoke concentration control component and a PID self-adaptive auxiliary heating component. The automatic feeding component is connected to the simmering chamber, the bottom of the simmering chamber is connected to the ash accumulation chamber, and the top is connected to the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber in the form of a platform, and the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber is connected to the flue; The smoke concentration control component comprises a smoke opening, a paddle and a smoke concentration controller, wherein a plurality of smoke openings are arranged on the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber, each smoke opening is provided with a paddle, and each paddle is connected to the smoke concentration controller via a rotating shaft; The PID adaptive auxiliary heating component includes a PID heating control unit, temperature sensors arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber and the flue outlet, and heating rods respectively arranged in the smoke collecting chamber and the flue. The PID heating control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the heating rod, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod according to the real-time temperature reflected by the temperature sensor.

2. A hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic feeding assembly includes a silo, a feeding control panel, a conveying control partition and an inclined feeding pipeline. The conveying control partition is arranged on the connecting surface between the silo and the inclined feeding pipeline. The feeding control panel is electrically connected to the conveying control partition. The feeding port on the inclined feeding pipeline away from the silo is connected to the simmering chamber.

3. The hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simmering chamber comprises a bearing plate located above the ash accumulation chamber and a heating coil arranged on the bearing plate, an ash dropping opening is opened on the bearing plate, and a door body is arranged on one side of the simmering chamber.

4. The hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of smoke openings are evenly arranged on the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber, and the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber is a U-shaped heating rod and one is arranged above and below the smoke collecting chamber.

5. The hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four sides of the dust accumulation chamber are provided with ventilation holes.

6. The hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe. The heating rod in the flue is a spiral heating rod coiled on the inner pipe. The inner pipe is a smoke exhaust channel.

7. A hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The automatic feeding component contains a variety of optional solid particles.

8. A hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The PID heating control unit and the smoke concentration controller share a smoke concentration-temperature control panel.

9. A method for generating hot smoke in a simulated fire training environment, using a hot smoke generating device for simulating a fire training environment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Control solid particles to enter the simmering chamber for combustion through the automatic feeding component to generate smoke; S2, controlling the swing of the paddle on the smoke opening through a smoke concentration controller on the smoke concentration control assembly, so that smoke enters the smoke collecting chamber; S3. The real-time smoke temperature of the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber, the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber and the smoke outlet is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor. The PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the corresponding heating rod according to the real-time smoke temperature to compensate for the temperature error, so that the smoke that finally reaches the preset temperature is discharged from the smoke duct.

10. A method for generating hot smoke in a simulated fire training environment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: The temperature sensor monitors the first real-time smoke temperature of the lower surface of the smoke collecting chamber in real time, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber according to the difference between the first real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature; The second real-time smoke temperature of the upper surface of the smoke collecting chamber is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the heating rod in the flue according to the difference between the second real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature; The third real-time smoke temperature at the smoke duct outlet is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor, and the PID heating control unit adjusts the heating power of the PID controller corresponding to the heating rod in the smoke collecting chamber and the PID controller corresponding to the heating rod in the smoke duct according to the difference between the third real-time smoke temperature and the preset temperature, so that the smoke that finally reaches the preset temperature is discharged from the smoke duct.

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