Special-shaped curved surface sandstone antique stone masonry construction method

Abstract

According to the special-shaped curved surface sandstone antique stone masonry construction method, through the scheme that a hanging belt groove is formed in the outer side, the problem of stress concentration caused by the fact that a hanging hole is formed in the middle of stone is avoided, and the quality defect caused by construction is avoided. The whole stone installation is high in efficiency and precision, standard operation cannot damage the old-making natural surface of the stone, material and construction period loss caused by stone damage is avoided, and therefore good economic and social benefits are generated. In addition, one-time fine in-place of the special-shaped stone can be achieved through the method, and the quality and safety problems caused by traditional methods such as manual crowbar use are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a masonry construction method of special-shaped curved sandstone antique stone. Background Art

[0002] my country has a long history and rich experience in the use of natural stone. Stone masonry is popular in civil engineering for its high strength, low cost and good durability. Masonry stones are generally made of natural stones with hard texture, no weathering, peeling and cracks. According to the regularity of the shape after processing, masonry stones can be divided into rough stones and rubble stones. Stone masonry uses cement mortar to bond the stones into an integral force-bearing structure. Rough stone masonry is generally built by squeezing mortar, and rubble stone masonry is generally built by paving mortar. The stones are required to be placed stably, the mortar must be full, and the stones are staggered and overlapped to avoid the formation of through seams. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for laying antique sandstone stone masonry with a special-shaped curved surface in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, comprising the following steps: S1. Number each wall stone, lay out the detailed design, and inspect and accept the incoming stones according to the detailed design drawings; S2. Check the stone foundation and the reserved dowel bars of the structural columns, formulate the stone installation sequence, and lay the stone in layers; S3. During the stone processing, a process test is carried out to check whether the sling grooves opened on both sides of the stone groove can be smoothly pulled out. The sling grooves are cut along the direction of the stone and are located on the bottom and both sides of the antique stone. The specific test is based on whether the sling can be pulled out without moving the stone; S4. Organize the construction of the same-scale sample of the city wall, check the problems existing in the stone installation, verify the concrete pouring speed, the height of one pouring, whether there is leakage, and formulate a pouring plan; S5. Accurately locate the starting stone position by measuring and laying out, and organize lifting machinery, lifting equipment and human resources according to the on-site conditions; S6. Place the stone on the sleeper, hang the lead wire through the opened sling groove, adjust the sling symmetrically and roll it up along the sling groove to make it close, and check the integrity of the sling; S7. Install the balance beam, with the stone parallel to the balance beam and aligned with each other in the center; S8. Before the stone is installed in place, the tie bars should be embedded in the mortar joints on the top of the next layer of stone and the mortar should be placed on the surface to control the top elevation; S9. Adjust the angle of the crane and lift the stone. Instruct the crane to slowly lower the stone after lifting it to the position. During the lowering process, the crane should be manually coordinated to accurately position the stone. S10. Use φ100 prefabricated concrete support columns to temporarily support the stone. Each stone is provided with one temporary support when necessary. S11. After the stone is installed, slowly pull out the sling and seal the sling groove with cement-based grouting material; S12. Install a 50*5mm thick soft foam glue stop strip between the upper and lower layers of stone in the longitudinal direction, and make uniform adjustments to the curved surface stones at 40m along the direction of the city wall; S13. After the stone is installed in place, tie the structural columns and ring beam reinforcements, set up the shear wall single-sided formwork, and pour the concrete in layers and sections.

[0004] Preferably, in step S6, the lead wire is a 3 mm hard buckled steel wire rope.

[0005] Preferably, in step S7, the balance beam is customized using a Q345 rectangular steel tube, and a plurality of lifting ears are provided on the balance beam to adapt to stones of different lengths.

[0006] Preferably, in step S9, the stone is aligned with the structural column with reference to the structural column, the left and right stones are squeezed tightly, and the flatness and verticality of the stone are checked using a five-line instrument.

[0007] Preferably, in step S10, the strength of the concrete support is the same as that of the structural wall, and the length is 300 mm.

[0008] Preferably, in step S11, the cement-based grouting material is drained by a conduit, and grouting is performed in a backward manner in the order of first horizontally and then vertically.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention satisfies the requirements for efficient and safe construction of special-shaped curved sandstone antique stones. The scheme is rigorously designed, and the scheme of opening a sling groove on the outside avoids the stress concentration problem caused by opening a lifting hole in the middle of the stone, thereby avoiding quality defects caused by construction. The entire stone installation achieves high efficiency and precision, and standardized operation will not damage the natural surface of the stone, avoiding material and construction period losses due to stone damage, thereby generating good economic and social benefits. In addition, this method can achieve one-time precise positioning of special-shaped stones, avoiding quality and safety problems caused by traditional methods such as manual use of crowbars. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is the elevation drawing of the antique city wall; Figure 2 This is a cross-section of an antique city wall; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of different stone materials; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of conventional stone grooving; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of C-shaped stone grooving; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of balance beam lifting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[0012] The antique city wall of Chaotianmen Square in Chongqing adopts antique sandstone and reinforced concrete shear wall verification wall, hyperbolic design, building height of 22.9m, and design service life of 100 years. The surface of the stone is antiqued and aged, and the protection requirements of the finished product during the hoisting and masonry process are extremely high. The foundation of the city wall is a raft foundation, and the wall body is divided into bedrock section, standard section and crenel section. The thickness of the three layers of stone in the bedrock section decreases by 50mm from 900mm to 800mm, and the thickness of the stone in the standard section and crenel section is 700mm. The maximum stone height is 2m, the maximum stone length is 3.2m, and the maximum single weight of the stone is 13 tons. Except for the antique natural surface of the stone, the other surfaces are machine-cut surfaces, the four sides of the outer surface are chamfered by 30~50mm, and a 20mm mortar joint is cut on the top of the stone, but the mortar joint is not through, and 200mm is left from the outer surface. Therefore, from the appearance, there is no mortar joint on the whole wall.

[0013] The city wall adopts a hyperbolic design. In order to ensure the overall stability of the stone, the stone and the 450mm thick shear wall are embedded through structural columns, rings and tie bars. The spacing between the structural columns and ring beams is 2.4m*2.4m, and the size is 250 (300)*300mm. Therefore, the stone needs to be processed with dovetail grooves in advance according to the position of the structural column and ring beam, and the mortar joints on the top of the stone are pre-embedded with tie bars to tie with the shear wall. After the stone masonry is completed, it can be used as a single-sided formwork to construct the structural columns, ring beams and shear wall concrete to form a whole. Due to the shape of structural columns, ring beams, mortar joints and curved city walls, all stones are of special shapes, which greatly increases the difficulty of installation and masonry. Traditional stone masonry methods cannot meet the stone installation and construction requirements of tall hyperbolic antique city walls. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a masonry construction method for special-shaped curved sandstone antique stones to solve the problems of stable and accurate installation of special-shaped curved antique sandstone stones and avoid damage to the natural surface of the stone during construction. Therefore, refer to Figures 1 to 6 The present invention discloses a construction method for laying antique sandstone stone with special-shaped curved surface, which is used to solve the problems of stable and accurate installation of antique sandstone stone with special-shaped curved surface and avoidance of damage to the antique natural surface of the stone during construction, and comprises the following steps: S1. Number each wall stone, lay out the detailed design, and inspect and accept the incoming stones according to the detailed design drawings; S2. Check the stone foundation and the reserved dowel bars of the structural columns, and formulate the order of stone installation. In principle, the stone should be laid in layers from one end to the other; S3. During the stone processing, process tests are carried out simultaneously to check whether the sling grooves opened on both sides of the stone groove can be smoothly pulled out. The sling grooves are cut along the direction of the stone and are located on the bottom and both sides of the antique stone. The size is 120*30mm. The specific sling can be pulled out without moving the stone. S4. Organize the construction of the same-scale sample of the city wall, check the problems existing in the stone installation, verify the concrete pouring speed, the height of one pouring, whether there is leakage, and formulate a pouring plan; S5. Accurately locate the starting stone position by measuring and laying out, and organize lifting machinery, lifting equipment and human resources according to the on-site conditions; S6. Place the stone on the sleeper, use a 3mm hard buckle steel wire rope as the lead, pass the sling through the opened sling groove, adjust the sling symmetrically and roll it up along the sling groove to close it, and check the integrity of the sling. C-type stone can be installed with the sling using the reserved groove of the ring beam; S7. Install the balance beam. The balance beam is made of Q345 rectangular steel pipe. The balance beam has multiple lifting ears to adapt to stones of different lengths. The stones are parallel to the balance beam and aligned with each other. For C-type stones, since the lengths of the two lifting belts are different, the balance beam lifting ring can be used for auxiliary fixation to ensure the stability of the stone during the lifting process; S8. Before the stone is installed, the tie bars should be embedded in the mortar joints on the top of the next layer of stone and the mortar should be placed on the surface. The mortar should be full and smooth, and the top elevation should be well controlled. S9. Adjust the angle of the crane and lift the stone. During the lifting process, a dedicated person should stand by and direct the stone to be slowly lowered after it is lifted to the position. During the lowering process, manual assistance should be used to accurately position the stone. The stone should be aligned with the structural column as a reference, and the left and right stones should be squeezed tightly. The flatness and verticality of the stone should be checked with a five-line instrument. When it is confirmed that there is no large deviation in the size, the sling should be removed from the sling slot; S10 and c-type stones are inverted seven-shaped and cannot be self-stabilized. Therefore, φ100 prefabricated concrete support columns are used for temporary support. One is set for each stone and additional ones are set when necessary. The strength of the concrete support is the same as that of the structural wall. The length is 300mm. It is adjusted on site according to actual needs to meet the stone installation accuracy requirements and will not be removed later. S11. After the stone is installed, the sling needs to be slowly pulled out and the sling groove is sealed with cement-based grouting material. To ensure the filling is dense, a conduit is used for drainage, and grouting is performed backwards in the order of horizontal first and then vertical until the top is filled; S12. To prevent leakage from polluting the antique natural surface, a 50*5mm thick soft foam glue stop strip is set vertically between the upper and lower layers of stone; S13. Due to the influence of cumulative installation deviation, in order to ensure the accuracy of stone installation, a unified adjustment is carried out along the direction of the city wall for 40m. The adjustment method is to correct the stone size at that location according to the cumulative installation deviation on site to ensure the overall appearance of the stone in key locations such as city gates and end caps. After the stone is installed in place, the structural columns and ring beams are reinforced, and the single-sided formwork of the shear wall is supported, and the concrete is poured in layers and sections.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention fully considers the requirements for the protection of the finished product of the antique natural face, and the requirements for the stability and precision of the installation of the special-shaped stone. According to the position of the structural column and the ring beam and the hoisting process, the special-shaped curved surface stone is roughly divided into (a), (b), and (c) types of stone. The specific implementation method is as follows: First, through the overall structure of the city wall, each stone is numbered and deepened to clarify the overall size of the stone, including the structural column, the ring beam, the top tie mortar joint, the ground and the two side sling grooves, and the external surface chamfer. The stone processing factory performs prefabrication according to the requirements. The sling groove is excavated along the direction of the stone, located on the bottom and two sides of the antique stone, with a size of 120*30mm. The specific size needs to be determined through process tests in combination with the stone specifications and hoisting environment (the sling can be pulled out without moving the stone). The sling is made of a W-shaped flat sling made of high-strength polyester industrial filament as raw material, which is convenient for reducing the size of the sling groove. In order to ensure the stability of the stone during the hoisting process, the distance between the sling groove and the front and back of the stone should be 1 / 5 of the thickness of the stone. When cutting the sling groove, the mortar groove should be staggered as much as possible. The groove should be cut after the stone is imitated and before the antique is made to avoid damaging the natural surface of the front wall. For C-type stone (inverted seven-character stone), a single sling groove is cut, and the back wall side can use the reserved groove of the ring beam for sling installation. During the hoisting process, an adjustable length balance beam is used for hoisting. The balance beam is equipped with multiple lifting rings. The maximum lifting ring spacing meets the maximum stone length requirement. The stone is parallel to the balance beam and aligned with each other. For C-type stone, due to the different lengths of the two slings, the balance beam lifting ring can be used for auxiliary fixing to ensure the stability of the stone during the hoisting process. Before the stone is installed in place, the tie bars are pre-buried in the mortar joints on the top of the next layer of stone and the mortar is completed. Because the C-type stone is an inverted seven-shaped structure and cannot be self-stabilized, a φ100 prefabricated concrete support column is used for temporary support. One column is set for each stone and additional columns are set when necessary. The concrete strength is the same as the structural wall, and the length is 300mm. It is adjusted on site according to actual needs to meet the stone installation accuracy requirements and will not be removed later. After the stone is installed, the sling needs to be slowly pulled out and the sling groove is sealed with cement-based grouting material. In order to prevent leakage from polluting the antique natural surface, a 50*5mm thick soft foam glue stop strip is set longitudinally between the upper and lower layers of stone. Due to the influence of the cumulative deviation of the installation of the curved stone, in order to ensure the accuracy of the stone installation, a unified adjustment is carried out along the 40m plan of the city wall. The adjustment method is to correct the stone size at that location through the cumulative deviation of the on-site installation to ensure the overall appearance of the stone in key areas such as the city gate and the end.

[0015] As above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the present invention itself. Various changes may be made to it in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for laying antique sandstone stone with special-shaped curved surface, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Number each wall stone, lay out the detailed design, and inspect and accept the incoming stones according to the detailed design drawings; S2. Check the stone foundation and the reserved dowel bars of the structural columns, formulate the stone installation sequence, and lay the stone in layers; S3. During the stone processing, a process test is carried out to check whether the sling grooves opened on both sides of the stone groove can be smoothly pulled out. The sling grooves are cut along the direction of the stone and are located on the bottom and both sides of the antique stone. The specific test is based on whether the sling can be pulled out without moving the stone; S4. Organize the construction of the same-scale sample of the city wall, check the problems existing in the stone installation, verify the concrete pouring speed, the height of one pouring, whether there is leakage, and formulate a pouring plan; S5. Accurately locate the starting stone position by measuring and laying out, and organize lifting machinery, lifting equipment and human resources according to the on-site conditions; S6. Place the stone on the sleeper, hang the lead wire through the opened sling groove, adjust the sling symmetrically and roll it up along the sling groove to make it close, and check the integrity of the sling; S7. Install the balance beam, with the stone parallel to the balance beam and aligned with each other in the center; S8. Before the stone is installed in place, the tie bars should be embedded in the mortar joints on the top of the next layer of stone and the mortar should be placed on the surface to control the top elevation; S9. Adjust the angle of the crane and lift the stone. Instruct the crane to slowly lower the stone after lifting it to the position. During the lowering process, the crane should be manually coordinated to accurately position the stone. S10. Use φ100 prefabricated concrete support columns to temporarily support the stone. Each stone is provided with one temporary support when necessary. S11. After the stone is installed, slowly pull out the sling and seal the sling groove with cement-based grouting material; S12. Install a 50*5mm thick soft foam glue stop strip between the upper and lower layers of stone in the longitudinal direction, and make uniform adjustments to the curved surface stones at 40m along the direction of the city wall; S13. After the stone is installed in place, tie the structural columns and ring beam reinforcements, set up the shear wall single-sided formwork, and pour the concrete in layers and sections.

2. The method for laying and constructing special-shaped curved sandstone antique stone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the lead wire is a 3 mm hard buckled steel wire rope.

3. The method for laying and constructing special-shaped curved sandstone antique stone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the balance beam is customized using a Q345 rectangular steel tube, and a plurality of lifting ears are provided on the balance beam to adapt to stones of different lengths.

4. The method for laying and constructing special-shaped curved sandstone antique stone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the stone is aligned with the structural column with reference to the structural column, the left and right stones are squeezed tightly, and the flatness and verticality of the stone are checked using a five-line instrument.

5. The method for laying and constructing special-shaped curved sandstone antique stone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the strength of the concrete support is the same as that of the structural wall, and the length is 300 mm.

6. The method for laying and constructing special-shaped curved sandstone antique stone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the cement-based grouting material is drained by a conduit and grouting is performed in a backward manner in the order of first horizontally and then vertically.

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