Concrete spraying operation trolley and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and discloses a shotcrete operation trolley and a construction method thereof.The shotcrete operation trolley comprises an anchor shotcrete trolley bearing all parts needed by anchor shotcrete, an annular frame installed in the middle of the anchor shotcrete trolley and used for arranging an overall structure of an anchor shotcrete system; the annular trolley is installed on the periphery of the annular frame and used for moving along the tunnel section and conducting concrete spraying operation, and the longitudinal trolley is installed on the annular trolley spray anchor track beam and used for moving a spray anchor head back and forth and conducting concrete spraying operation. The axis of the shotcreting and anchoring trolley is adjusted to coincide with the designed axis of a tunnel before shotcreting and anchoring, the distance between the shotcreting and anchoring head and the designed shotcreting and anchoring face is a fixed value, the distance between the shotcreting and anchoring face and the designed shotcreting and anchoring face is monitored in real time through a sensor, shotcreting and anchoring operation is accurately controlled, the secondary lining range is effectively prevented from being occupied by the shotcreting and anchoring operation, construction quality is improved, rework is reduced, and construction efficiency is improved. The cost is reduced, and the automation degree and efficiency of operation are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, in particular to a shotcrete operation trolley and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] TBM tunnel boring machines are increasingly used in tunnel construction due to their safety, speed, efficiency and environmental protection. When using the TBM method to construct tunnels, steel arch frames, anchor rods, steel mesh and other supports can be immediately installed after the surrounding rock shield is exposed. The surrounding rock is sealed with sprayed concrete through the spray anchor trolley at the rear to protect the safety of personnel and equipment and ensure rapid excavation and safe construction of the TBM.

[0003] During the TBM excavation process, due to the friction between the shield and the rock surface, the uneven hardness of the rock mass, and the equipment operation, the TBM excavation direction cannot be completely advanced along the designed axis. Instead, it continuously approaches the designed axis, makes corrections, and excavates forward. As a result, there is always a certain deviation between the tunnel section completed by the TBM excavation and the designed section. The designed section and the actual excavation section of the TBM are two eccentric circles with equal diameters. Since the TBM excavation section is circular, when one side is under-excavated compared to the designed section, the other side will be over-excavated.

[0004] In tunnel design, the tunnel construction limit must not be encroached, and the tunnel lining thickness must meet the design requirements to ensure that the tunnel can be put into normal use in the later stage. After the TBM excavation is completed, when the shotcrete trolley is used for shotcrete support operations, the overall line shape of the TBM shotcrete trolley in this section is consistent with the actual excavation section line shape, and there is a certain deviation from the designed tunnel section. At this time, if the shotcrete operation is only carried out according to the designed primary support thickness, the primary support will inevitably encroach on the secondary lining range (when the deviation between the actual TBM excavation tunnel section and the designed tunnel section exceeds the reserved construction deviation range). If the secondary lining is constructed according to the designed section, the problem of insufficient secondary lining thickness will inevitably occur in some parts, affecting the quality of tunnel construction. Therefore, in the later secondary lining construction operations, it is necessary to chisel out the primary support body that encroaches on the lining range, which will occupy a lot of resources, cause material waste and increase construction costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a shotcrete operation trolley, which solves the problems of inaccurate positioning of the shotcrete anchor trolley and large operation errors in shotcrete operations.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a shotcrete operation trolley, comprising:

[0007] The anchor spraying trolley carries all the components required for anchor spraying and is placed in the tunnel for anchor spraying operations;

[0008] The ring frame is installed in the middle of the spray anchor trolley to support the overall structure of the ring trolley and the spray anchor system;

[0009] The circular trolley is installed on the outer periphery of the circular frame and is used to move the anchor spray head in the circular direction along the tunnel section and perform concrete spraying operations;

[0010] The longitudinal trolley is installed on the circular trolley spray anchor track beam and is used to move the spray anchor head forward and backward and perform concrete spraying operations;

[0011] The spray anchor head is mounted on the outside of the longitudinal trolley and is used to precisely spray concrete onto the tunnel surface;

[0012] A lateral movement mechanism, which is mounted on the upper surface of the longitudinal beam of the spray anchor trolley and is used to adjust the position of the spray anchor trolley in the lateral direction;

[0013] A vertical moving mechanism, which is installed on the top of the horizontal moving mechanism and is used to adjust the position of the anchor spraying trolley in the vertical direction;

[0014] The measuring and positioning mechanism is installed in front and behind the shotcrete trolley and is used to measure the specific position and posture of the shotcrete trolley in the tunnel section in real time.

[0015] Preferably, the tunnel structure comprises an inverted arch block, the inverted arch block is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, and a steel rail is arranged on the top of the inverted arch block;

[0016] The spray anchor trolley includes a longitudinal beam, which is arranged in the middle of the spray anchor trolley, a support leg is arranged below the longitudinal beam, and a running wheel is installed at the bottom of the support leg. The running wheel is used to move the spray anchor trolley on the rail. The longitudinal beams are distributed symmetrically on the left and right, and a slag conveyor is arranged between them. The top longitudinal beam is connected to the annular frame through a support column.

[0017] Preferably, the annular frame includes a ring beam, which is connected to the top longitudinal beam through a supporting column, a gear ring is fixed to the outer periphery of the ring beam at the front and rear ends of the spray anchor trolley, a rack is provided on the inner side of the gear ring, and a limiting plate is provided at the bottom end of the gear ring, diagonal braces are hinged on both sides of the ring beam, and a movable support foot is hinged at one end of the diagonal brace away from the ring beam, a diagonal brace cylinder is hinged at the middle part of the diagonal brace, and the diagonal brace cylinder is hinged to the side wall of the longitudinal beam at one end away from the diagonal brace, and the diagonal brace cylinder is telescopically operated to support the bottom movable support foot of the diagonal brace on the top surface of the diagonal support, thereby indirectly supporting the frame of the spray anchor trolley.

[0018] Preferably, the circumferential trolley includes a sprayed anchor track beam and gear 2, the sprayed anchor track beam is arranged on the gear ring, and is used to guide the circumferential movement of the circumferential trolley, racks 2 are arranged on both sides of the sprayed anchor track beam, and the racks 2 are meshed with gear 2 to realize the forward and backward movement of the longitudinal trolley, connecting plates are arranged on both sides of the front and rear ends of the sprayed anchor track beam, pulleys are arranged at both ends of the connecting plates, and a hydraulic motor 1 is arranged at the bottom of the sprayed anchor track beam, and a driving gear 1 is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic motor 1, and the gear 1 is meshed with rack 1.

[0019] Preferably, the longitudinal trolley includes a frame, which is a hollow box structure for wrapping the sprayed anchor track beam. Transverse rollers and vertical rollers are arranged inside the frame. Hydraulic motor 2 is arranged inside the frame. A connecting shaft is fixed to the output end of hydraulic motor 2, and gear 2 is installed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft.

[0020] Preferably, a distance sensor is provided on the outer side of the longitudinal trolley, and the distance sensor is used to measure the precise distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the trolley in real time.

[0021] Preferably, the lateral moving mechanism includes a base, the base is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam, a slide groove is arranged inside the base, a baffle is arranged on the outside of the slide groove, a cylinder support is slidably connected inside the slide groove, a circular hole is opened inside the cylinder support, a thread is arranged around the circular hole, the thread is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the screw, a hydraulic motor three is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam connecting beam, and the output end of the hydraulic motor three is fixed to the middle of the screw.

[0022] Preferably, the vertical moving mechanism includes a lower limit hollow square column, which is installed on the top of the cylinder support, and an upper limit hollow square column is inserted above the lower limit hollow square column. The upper limit hollow square column is fixed to the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam, and cylinders are arranged inside the upper limit hollow square column and the lower limit hollow square column, and the cylinders are used to drive the telescopic movement of the vertical moving mechanism.

[0023] Preferably, the measuring and positioning mechanism comprises:

[0024] Protective plates, which are installed at the front and rear of the anchor spraying trolley, are used for protection during anchor spraying operations and to protect the measuring equipment;

[0025] An observation window, which is provided in a specific area of ​​the protective plate and is used to observe the progress of the spray anchor operation;

[0026] A column, which is installed on the top of the spray anchor trolley and is used to support the observation prism;

[0027] Observation prism, which is set on the column, is used to measure the position coordinates of the anchor spraying trolley:

[0028] A method for constructing a shotcrete operation trolley comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. Measurement and positioning: The anchor spraying trolley moves with the TBM excavation to the operation range to be anchor sprayed. The measuring prism on the anchor spraying trolley, i.e. the observation prism, is measured by the total station to reversely calculate the spatial position of the anchor spraying trolley in the designed tunnel section.

[0030] S2. Axis alignment: Start the moving adjustment mechanism, and make the axis of the anchor spraying trolley coincide with the axis of the designed tunnel section through the lateral moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism. The lateral moving mechanism drives the oil cylinder supported in the slide groove on the base through the screw to achieve lateral adjustment, while the vertical moving mechanism achieves vertical adjustment through the telescopic movement between the lower limit hollow square column and the upper limit hollow square column;

[0031] S3, diagonal support locking: lower the diagonal support inside the anchor spraying trolley, press the movable support foot of the diagonal support tightly against the diagonal support, and lock the movable adjustment mechanism to fix the spatial position of the anchor spraying trolley;

[0032] S4, 3D scanning: Start the shotcrete trolley, move the circumferential trolley circumferentially and the longitudinal trolley forward and backward through the gear ring, use the distance sensor installed on the longitudinal trolley to measure the distance between the shotcrete trolley and the actual excavation surface of the tunnel, and generate a 3D graph;

[0033] S5, data processing: the processor processes the three-dimensional graphic data collected from the distance sensor to calculate the required anchor thickness of each anchor position in the tunnel and the required amount of shotcrete for that section;

[0034] S6. Layered anchor spraying: Start the anchor spraying trolley to carry out layered anchor spraying operation. The circumferential trolley drives the anchor spraying track beam to move circumferentially along the gear ring, and the longitudinal trolley moves forward and backward along the anchor spraying track beam. The anchor spraying head carries out anchor spraying operation according to the calculation results and accurately controls the thickness of the shotcrete.

[0035] S7, real-time measurement: Use the distance sensor to measure the distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the circular trolley in real time to ensure that the sprayed anchor surface gradually approaches and reaches the designed position;

[0036] S8, cyclic anchor spraying: repeat steps S4-S7 until the anchor spraying operation is completed.

[0037] Working principle: Rails are arranged on the top of the invert block to form a rail transport track system in the tunnel. The running wheels of the shotcrete trolley can move forward with the TBM by moving on the rails. The main structure of the shotcrete trolley consists of two longitudinal beams, which provide stable support for the trolley. Legs are installed under the longitudinal beams, and running wheels are fixed to the bottom of the legs. The shotcrete trolley can move forward and backward in the tunnel through the rolling of the running wheels on the rails. A slag conveyor is installed in the middle of the shotcrete trolley, which can be used to transport the rebound concrete generated during the shotcrete operation to the outside of the tunnel to ensure the cleanliness and smoothness of the operation area. A top longitudinal beam is arranged on the top of the shotcrete trolley, which is connected to the annular frame through a support column. A annular trolley is installed on the outer periphery of the annular frame. During the spraying operation, the annular trolley can move in a circle along the gear ring. The longitudinal trolley can move forward and backward through the meshing of rack two and gear two on the shotcrete track beam to achieve precise concrete spraying. The shotcrete head on the longitudinal trolley is responsible for spraying concrete onto the tunnel surface. The distance sensor is installed on the longitudinal trolley. The outer side of the vehicle is used to measure the distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the longitudinal trolley in real time to ensure the accuracy of the sprayed anchor operation. In order to ensure that the axis of the sprayed anchor trolley coincides with the axis of the designed tunnel, the present invention designs a horizontal movement mechanism and a vertical movement mechanism. The horizontal movement mechanism realizes the horizontal position adjustment of the sprayed anchor trolley through the horizontal movement of the screw, the base, the slide groove and the cylinder support; the vertical movement mechanism completes the vertical position adjustment of the sprayed anchor trolley through the vertical extension and contraction of the lower limit hollow square column and the upper limit hollow square column. Before the spraying operation, the position of the sprayed anchor trolley is measured and corrected in real time by the measuring and positioning mechanism. The observation prism is installed on the overall structure of the top longitudinal beam and the annular frame through the column. Through the measurement data of multiple groups of observation prisms, the spatial position of the sprayed anchor trolley can be accurately calculated, and the spraying operation can be ensured to be accurate. During the spraying concrete operation, the diagonal support is adjusted by the diagonal support cylinder to tighten the movable support foot to the top surface of the oblique support to ensure the stability of the sprayed anchor trolley frame, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the spraying operation.

[0038] The present invention provides a shotcrete operation trolley and a construction method thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The present invention can achieve precise positioning of the shotcrete trolley by measuring the position coordinates of the shotcrete trolley in real time and analyzing the positional relationship between the shotcrete trolley and the designed tunnel section, and ensure the accuracy of the shotcrete operation by automatically aligning the axis of the shotcrete trolley with the axis of the designed tunnel section. By controlling the relative distance between the shotcrete surface and the shotcrete trolley, the shotcrete surface is effectively prevented from encroaching on the secondary lining range, thereby improving the construction quality, reducing rework caused by errors, and thus reducing construction costs. On the whole, the invention significantly improves the automation degree, accuracy and construction efficiency of the shotcrete operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the anchor spraying trolley of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic elevation diagram of the anchor spraying trolley of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the spray anchor longitudinal beam end moving device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the longitudinal moving device of the longitudinal trolley of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the spray anchor longitudinal beam and the longitudinal trolley of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the spray anchor mechanism of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the lateral movement mechanism of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the vertical movement mechanism of the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 9 It is a flow chart of the construction method steps of the present invention.

[0049] Among them, 1. excavation line; 11. invert block; 12. rail; 2. spray anchor trolley; 21. outrigger; 22. walking wheel; 23. longitudinal beam; 24. slag conveyor belt; 25. top longitudinal beam; 26. support column; 3. annular frame; 31. annular beam; 32. gear ring; 33. rack one; 34. limit plate; 35. diagonal brace; 36. movable support foot; 37. diagonal brace cylinder; 38. oblique support; 4. annular trolley; 41. spray anchor track beam; 42. rack two; 43. pulley; 44. connecting plate; 45. gear one; 46. hydraulic motor one; 5. longitudinal trolley; 51. Frame; 52. Horizontal roller; 53. Vertical roller; 54. Hydraulic motor 2; 55. Gear 2; 56. Connecting shaft; 6. Spray anchor head; 61. Distance sensor; 7. Horizontal moving mechanism; 71. Base; 72. Slide; 73. Baffle; 74. Cylinder support; 75. Thread; 76. Round hole; 77. Screw; 78. Hydraulic motor 3; 8. Vertical moving mechanism; 81. Cylinder; 82. Lower limit hollow square column; 83. Upper limit hollow square column; 9. Measuring and positioning mechanism; 91. Protective plate; 92. Observation window; 93. Column; 94. Observation prism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shotcrete operation trolley, comprising:

[0051] The spray anchor trolley 2 carries all the components required for spray anchoring and is placed in the tunnel for spray anchoring operations;

[0052] The annular frame 3 is installed in the middle of the spray anchor trolley 2 and is used to support the overall structure of the annular trolley 4 and the spray anchor system;

[0053] A circumferential trolley 4 is mounted on the outer periphery of the circumferential frame 3 and is used to move the spray anchor head 6 circumferentially along the tunnel section and perform concrete spraying operations;

[0054] A longitudinal trolley 5, which is mounted on the spray anchor track beam 41 of the circular trolley 4, is used to move the spray anchor head 6 forward and backward and perform the concrete spraying operation;

[0055] A spray anchor head 6, which is mounted on the outside of the longitudinal trolley 5 and is used to accurately spray concrete onto the tunnel surface;

[0056] A transverse moving mechanism 7, which is mounted on the upper surface of the longitudinal beam 23 of the anchor spraying trolley 2 and is used to adjust the position of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the transverse direction;

[0057] A vertical moving mechanism 8, which is installed on the top of the horizontal moving mechanism 7 and is used to adjust the position of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the vertical direction;

[0058] The measuring and positioning mechanism 9 is installed at the front and rear of the anchor spraying trolley 2 and is used for measuring the specific position and posture of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the tunnel section in real time.

[0059] Specifically, the spray anchor trolley 2 is placed in the tunnel to prepare for the spray anchor operation. The legs 21 and the running wheels 22 are arranged under the longitudinal beam 23. The running wheels 22 are located on the rails 12 at the bottom of the tunnel to ensure that the trolley can move forward and backward. A slag conveyor 24 is installed in the middle of the longitudinal beam 23, which can be used to clean up the concrete rebound generated during the spraying operation and keep the operation area clean; the circumferential frame 3 is connected to the top longitudinal beam 25 through the support column 26 to ensure the stability of the entire spray anchor system during operation; the circumferential trolley 4 realizes circumferential movement through the gear ring 32 and the rack 1 33, and can drive the spray anchor head 6 to perform circumferential spraying of concrete around the tunnel section; the longitudinal trolley 5 is meshed with the rack 2 42 and the gear 2 55, and the longitudinal trolley 5 can move forward and backward along the track to ensure that the concrete is evenly covered on the tunnel surface; the spray anchor head 6 is linked with the circumferential trolley 4 and the longitudinal trolley 5, and the spray anchor head 6 can achieve full coverage of the tunnel section to ensure The lateral movement mechanism 7 is installed on the longitudinal beam 23 of the anchor spraying trolley 2, and the lateral movement is realized by driving the screw 77 through the hydraulic motor 3 78. The cylinder support 74 moves in the slide groove 72, which can adjust the position of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the lateral direction to ensure that the anchor spraying trolley 2 is accurately positioned in the lateral direction in the tunnel; the vertical movement mechanism 8 realizes the adjustment of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the vertical direction through the insertion and telescopic action of the lower limit hollow square column 82 and the upper limit hollow square column 83. The telescopic drive of the cylinder 81 enables the top longitudinal beam 25 and the annular frame 3 to be accurately positioned in the vertical direction; the measuring and positioning mechanism 9 is composed of a plurality of observation prisms 94. The position and posture of the anchor spraying trolley 2 can be calculated in real time through the observation prism 94 to ensure that the axis of the anchor spraying trolley 2 coincides with the axis of the designed tunnel section. The mechanism provides accurate position information in real time through cooperation with the total station to ensure the high accuracy of the anchor spraying operation.

[0060] Please see attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 2 The tunnel structure includes an invert block 11, which is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, and a rail 12 is arranged on the top of the invert block 11;

[0061] The spray anchor trolley 2 includes a longitudinal beam 23, which is arranged in the middle of the spray anchor trolley 2, and a support leg 21 is arranged below the longitudinal beam 23. A running wheel 22 is installed at the bottom of the support leg 21. The running wheel 22 is used to move the spray anchor trolley 2 on the rail 12. The longitudinal beams 23 are distributed symmetrically on the left and right, and a slag conveyor 24 is arranged between them. The top longitudinal beam 25 is connected to the annular frame 3 through a support column 26.

[0062] The steel rails 12 not only support the rail transport system in the tunnel, but also provide tracks for the movement of the spray anchor trolley 2. The core structure of the spray anchor trolley 2 is composed of a longitudinal beam 23 located in the middle. The longitudinal beam 23 provides stable support for the entire trolley and carries a slag conveyor 24. The belt conveyor can be used to transport the rebound concrete generated during the spray concrete operation to the outside of the tunnel to keep the operation area clean and unobstructed. A support leg 21 is arranged under the longitudinal beam 23. The support leg 21 is connected to the running wheel 22 installed at the bottom, so that the spray anchor trolley 2 can move smoothly back and forth on the steel rail 12. The longitudinal beams 23 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right to form a balanced support structure to ensure the stability of the trolley during movement. The top of the spray anchor trolley 2 is connected to the annular frame 3 through a support column 26. This design enhances the overall rigidity and stability of the spray anchor trolley 2 and ensures that the annular frame 3 can provide a solid foundation support for subsequent spraying operations.

[0063] Please see attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 2 The annular frame 3 includes a ring beam 31, which is connected to the top longitudinal beam 25 through a support column 26. A gear ring 32 is fixed to the outer periphery of the ring beam 31 at the front and rear ends of the spray anchor trolley 2. A rack 33 is arranged inside the gear ring 32. A limit plate 34 is arranged at the bottom end of the gear ring 32. Diagonal braces 35 are hinged on both sides of the ring beam 31. The diagonal brace 35 is hinged with a movable support leg 36 at one end away from the ring beam 31. A diagonal brace cylinder 37 is hinged at the middle part of the diagonal brace 35. The diagonal brace cylinder 37 is hinged to the side wall of the longitudinal beam 23 at one end away from the diagonal brace 35. The diagonal brace cylinder 37 is telescopically operated to support the bottom movable support leg 36 of the diagonal brace 35 on the top surface of the diagonal support 38, thereby indirectly supporting the frame of the spray anchor trolley 2.

[0064] Specifically, the ring beam 31 is connected to the top longitudinal beam 25 through the support column 26 to form a stable support structure to ensure the stable installation of the annular frame 3 on the spray anchor trolley 2. A gear ring 32 is fixed to the outer periphery of the front and rear end ring beams 31. The gear 45 is meshed with the rack 33 arranged on the inner side of the ring beam 31 to ensure that the annular trolley 4 can move in the ring beam 31 and perform the spraying operation. A limit plate 34 is provided at the bottom end of the ring beam 31. The limit plate 34 is used to limit the rotation range of the annular trolley 4 in the ring beam 31 and the gear ring 32. One side of the ring beam 31 is hinged with an inclined The diagonal brace 35 is connected to the movable support leg 36 by a hinged manner, so that the diagonal brace 35 can provide support at different angles to enhance the stability of the entire circumferential frame 3. The middle part of the diagonal brace 35 is hinged to the diagonal brace cylinder 37, and the other end of the diagonal brace cylinder 37 is hinged to the side wall of the longitudinal beam 23. Through the telescopic operation of the diagonal brace cylinder 37, the angle and position of the diagonal brace 35 can be adjusted so that the movable support leg 36 at its bottom is firmly supported on the top surface of the diagonal support 38, thereby providing indirect support for the circumferential frame 3 of the anchor spraying trolley 2, ensuring stability and safety during the spraying operation.

[0065] Please see attached Figure 3 -Attached Figure 5 The circumferential trolley 4 includes a sprayed anchor track beam 41 and a gear 2 55. The sprayed anchor track beam 41 is arranged on the gear ring 32 to guide the circumferential movement of the circumferential trolley 4. Rack 2 42 is arranged on both sides of the sprayed anchor track beam 41. The rack 2 42 is meshed with the gear 2 55 to realize the forward and backward movement of the longitudinal trolley 5. Connecting plates 44 are arranged on both sides of the front and rear ends of the sprayed anchor track beam 41. Pulleys 43 are arranged at both ends of the connecting plate 44. A hydraulic motor 1 46 is arranged at the bottom of the sprayed anchor track beam 41. A driving gear 1 45 is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic motor 1 46. The gear 1 45 is meshed with the rack 1 33.

[0066] Specifically, the sprayed anchor track beam 41 is installed on the ring beam 31, and its front and rear ends are provided with circumferential moving mechanisms, which can move in a circle on the ring beam 31. Racks 2 42 are provided on both sides of the sprayed anchor track beam 41, and the racks 2 42 are meshed with gears 2 55. The longitudinal trolley 5 can be moved forward and backward on the sprayed anchor track beam 41 through the rotation of gears 2 55. Pulleys 43 are installed at the front and rear ends of the sprayed anchor track beam 41, and the pulleys 43 are connected to the circumferential trolley 4 through connecting plates 44 to ensure that the circumferential trolley 4 can move smoothly. To provide power support, a hydraulic motor 46 is installed at the bottom of the sprayed anchor track beam 41, and a driving gear 45 is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic motor. The driving gear is meshed with the rack 33 to provide stable and strong power for the movement of the circumferential trolley 4 on the ring beam 31, so that it can perform circumferential spraying operations.

[0067] Please see attached Figure 4 -Attached Figure 6The longitudinal trolley 5 includes a frame 51, which is a hollow box structure for wrapping the spray anchor track beam 41. The frame 51 is provided with a transverse roller 52 and a vertical roller 53. The frame 51 is provided with a hydraulic motor 54. The output end of the hydraulic motor 54 is fixed with a connecting shaft 56. The outer wall of the connecting shaft 56 is provided with a gear 55.

[0068] A distance sensor 61 is arranged outside the longitudinal trolley 5, and the distance sensor 61 is used to measure the precise distance between the spray anchor surface and the trolley in real time.

[0069] Specifically, the mobile trolley 5 is a hollow box frame 51 structure, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the sprayed anchor track beam 41, and the interior of the frame 51 is provided with transverse rollers 52 and vertical rollers 53. The arrangement of these rollers enables the longitudinal trolley 5 to move smoothly. In addition, the frame 51 is equipped with a hydraulic motor 54 as the main driving device of the longitudinal trolley 5. The output end of the hydraulic motor 54 transmits power through a connecting shaft 56. A gear 55 is installed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft 56. The gear 55 is meshed with the rack 42 on the sprayed anchor track beam 41, thereby driving the longitudinal trolley 5 to move precisely along the track. In order to ensure the accuracy of the spraying operation, a distance sensor 61 is installed on the outer side of the longitudinal trolley 5. The sensor can measure the precise distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the trolley in real time to ensure the accuracy and uniformity of the sprayed anchor operation.

[0070] Please see attached Figure 7 The lateral moving mechanism 7 includes a base 71, which is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam 23. A slide groove 72 is arranged inside the base 71, and a baffle 73 is arranged outside the slide groove 72. A cylinder support 74 is slidably connected inside the slide groove 72. A circular hole 76 is opened inside the cylinder support 74. A thread 75 is arranged around the circular hole 76. The thread 75 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the screw rod 77. A hydraulic motor 3 78 is arranged on the top of the connecting beam of the longitudinal beam 23, and the output end of the hydraulic motor 3 78 is fixed to the middle of the screw rod 77.

[0071] Specifically, the lateral movement mechanism 7 is one of the key adjustment devices of the anchor spraying trolley 2, and is mainly composed of a base 71, a slide 72, a cylinder support 74, a screw 77 and a hydraulic motor 78. The base 71 is firmly arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam 23 to ensure that the entire mechanism has good stability and load-bearing capacity. In order to achieve lateral movement, a slide 72 is designed inside the base 71, and baffles 73 are arranged on both sides of the slide 72 to limit the movement range of the cylinder support 74 to ensure that it slides smoothly in the slide 72. A circular hole 76 is provided inside the support 74, and the inner wall of the circular hole 76 has a thread 75 which is connected to the outer wall thread of the screw 77 to achieve precise lateral movement. The core driving source of the lateral movement mechanism 7 is a hydraulic motor 3 78 installed on the top of the longitudinal beam 23. The output end of the hydraulic motor 3 78 is fixed to the middle of the screw 77. The screw 77 is rotated by hydraulic drive, and the rotation of the screw 77 drives the thread 75 to engage, so that the cylinder support 74 moves left and right in the slide groove 72, thereby realizing the lateral adjustment of the anchor spraying trolley 2.

[0072] Please see attached Figure 8 The vertical moving mechanism 8 includes a lower limit hollow square column 82, which is installed on the top of the cylinder support 74, and an upper limit hollow square column 83 is inserted above the lower limit hollow square column 82, and the upper limit hollow square column 83 is fixed to the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam 25. The upper limit hollow square column 83 and the lower limit hollow square column 82 are internally provided with a cylinder 81, and the cylinder 81 is used to drive the telescopic action of the vertical moving mechanism 8;

[0073] The measuring and positioning mechanism 9 comprises:

[0074] A protective plate 91, which is installed at the front and rear of the anchor spraying trolley 2, and is used for protection during anchor spraying operation and for protecting the measuring equipment;

[0075] An observation window 92, which is provided in a specific area of ​​the protection plate 91 and is used to observe the progress of the spray anchor operation;

[0076] A column 93, which is mounted on the top of the anchor spraying trolley 2 and is used to support an observation prism 94;

[0077] The observation prism 94 is arranged on the column 93 and is used to measure the position coordinates of the anchor spraying trolley 2 .

[0078] Specifically, the vertical moving mechanism 8 is one of the key components of the spray anchor trolley 2, and is designed to achieve precise adjustment in the vertical direction. The mechanism consists of a lower limit hollow square column 82 and an upper limit hollow square column 83, wherein the lower limit hollow square column 82 is installed on the top of the cylinder support 74 to provide a stable basic structure, and the upper limit hollow square column 83 is inserted into the lower limit hollow square column 82 and fixed to the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam 25. The two are tightly combined through an interlocking structure to ensure that the structure has sufficient strength and stability in the vertical direction. The cylinder 81 is installed inside the two square columns, and the vertical lifting and lowering adjustment of the vertical moving mechanism 8 is achieved by driving the telescopic action of the cylinder 81, thereby adjusting the working height of the spray anchor; in the measuring and positioning mechanism 9, in order to protect the measuring equipment from harsh working environments In order to prevent the influence of dust and splash during the spraying and anchoring operation, protective plates 91 are set at the front and rear parts of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2. These protective plates 91 are specially used to prevent potential damage such as dust and splashes during the spraying and anchoring operation. In addition, observation windows 92 are set on the protective plates 91. These observation windows 92 are located in specific areas, which are convenient for operators to view the progress and operation of the spraying and anchoring in real time to ensure the accuracy and safety of the spraying and anchoring operation. Columns 93 are installed on the top of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 to stably support the observation prism 94, through which the spatial coordinates of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 in the tunnel can be accurately measured. Through the coordinated work of multiple groups of observation prisms 94, the position information of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 can be obtained in real time, and the data can be fed back to the control system, so that the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 can perform precise spraying and anchoring operations according to the designed axis of the tunnel to ensure the reliability and consistency of the construction quality.

[0079] Embodiment 2:

[0080] Please see attached Fig. 9 , a method for constructing a shotcrete operation trolley, comprising the following steps:

[0081] S1. Measurement and positioning: The anchor spraying trolley 2 moves with the TBM excavation to the operation range to be anchor sprayed, and the measuring prism on the anchor spraying trolley 2, i.e., the observation prism 94, is measured by the total station to reversely calculate the spatial position of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the designed tunnel section;

[0082] S2, axis alignment: start the moving adjustment mechanism, and make the axis of the anchor spraying trolley 2 coincide with the axis of the designed tunnel section through the lateral moving mechanism 7 and the vertical moving mechanism 8. The lateral moving mechanism 7 drives the oil cylinder support 74 to realize lateral adjustment in the slide groove 72 on the base 71 through the screw 77, and the vertical moving mechanism 8 realizes vertical adjustment through the telescopic movement between the lower limit hollow square column 82 and the upper limit hollow square column 83;

[0083] S3, locking the diagonal brace: lower the diagonal brace 35 inside the anchor spraying trolley 2, press the movable support foot 36 of the diagonal brace 35 against the diagonal support 38, and lock the movable adjustment mechanism to fix the spatial position of the anchor spraying trolley 2;

[0084] S4, 3D scanning: start the anchor spraying trolley 2, move the circumferential trolley 4 circumferentially and the longitudinal trolley 5 forward and backward through the gear ring 32, measure the distance between the anchor spraying trolley 2 and the actual excavation surface of the tunnel by using the distance sensor 61 installed on the longitudinal trolley 5, and generate a 3D graph;

[0085] S5, data processing: the processor processes the three-dimensional graphic data collected from the distance sensor 61 to calculate the required thickness of the sprayed anchor at each sprayed anchor position in the tunnel and the required amount of sprayed concrete in that section;

[0086] S6, layered anchor spraying: start the anchor spraying trolley 2 to carry out layered anchor spraying operation, the circumferential trolley 4 drives the anchor spraying track beam 41 to move circumferentially along the gear ring 32, the longitudinal trolley 5 moves back and forth along the anchor spraying track beam 41, and the anchor spraying head 6 carries out anchor spraying operation according to the calculation results and accurately controls the thickness of the shotcrete;

[0087] S7, real-time measurement: using the distance sensor 61 to measure the distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the circular trolley 4 in real time, to ensure that the sprayed anchor surface gradually approaches and reaches the designed position;

[0088] S8, cyclic anchor spraying: repeat steps S4-S7 until the anchor spraying operation is completed.

[0089] Specifically, in step S1, measurement and positioning are the basis of the entire spraying and anchoring operation. The observation prism 94 on the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 is accurately measured by the total station to obtain the actual spatial position of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 in the tunnel section. The effect of this step is to ensure that the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 can be accurately positioned in the tunnel, thereby providing reliable reference data for subsequent axis alignment and spraying and anchoring operations. Through the spatial position data obtained by back calculation, the operator can intuitively understand the specific position of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 in the designed tunnel section, ensuring that subsequent operations can be accurately aligned with the designed axis; in step S2, axis alignment is the key link. By starting the mobile adjustment mechanism, the axis of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 is accurately aligned with the designed tunnel section. The horizontal movement mechanism 7 drives the oil cylinder support 74 through the screw 77 to realize the fine adjustment of the trolley in the horizontal direction in the slide groove 72 on the base 71, and the vertical movement mechanism 8 realizes the adjustment in the vertical direction through the telescopic movement between the lower limit hollow square column 82 and the upper limit hollow square column 83. The effect of this step is to ensure that the spatial position and posture of the anchor spraying trolley 2 fully meet the design requirements, lay the foundation for the subsequent anchor spraying operation, and avoid uneven anchor thickness or other quality problems caused by position deviation; the diagonal support locking operation in step S3 further ensures that the anchor spraying trolley 2 will not be displaced due to external force or other factors during operation by lowering the diagonal support 35 and tightening the diagonal support 38. , this locking process fixes the spatial position of the anchor spraying trolley 2, ensuring that the position will not shift during the anchor spraying process, thereby ensuring construction accuracy and safety; in step S4, after the three-dimensional scanning process is started, the anchor spraying trolley 2 drives the annular trolley 4 to move circumferentially along the gear ring 32 through the annular frame 3, and the distance sensor 61 installed on the longitudinal trolley 5 begins to measure the distance between the anchor spraying trolley 2 and the actual excavation surface of the tunnel. The three-dimensional graphics generated in this step intuitively show the actual situation of the tunnel section, which provides an accurate data basis for the subsequent anchor spraying thickness calculation, ensuring that each anchor spraying meets the design requirements; in step S5, the data processing process uses the processor to obtain the distance sensor 61 from the distance sensor 61. The collected three-dimensional data is analyzed and processed to calculate the thickness of the sprayed anchor required for each sprayed anchor position in the tunnel and the concrete demand for this section of the tunnel. The effect of this step is to ensure the rational use of concrete materials and avoid material waste. At the same time, it is ensured that the thickness of the sprayed anchor meets the design standards and the construction quality of the tunnel is guaranteed. In step S6, the sprayed anchor trolley 2 starts the layered spraying operation, the circumferential trolley 4 drives the sprayed anchor track beam 41 to move circumferentially along the gear ring 32, and the longitudinal trolley 5 moves back and forth along the sprayed anchor track beam 41. The sprayed anchor head 6 performs precise spraying according to the calculation results. The effect of the layered spraying is to build the concrete support layer of the tunnel layer by layer, ensuring that the thickness and quality of each layer meet the design standards and form a uniform protective layer.In step S7, the real-time measurement process continues, and the distance sensor 61 monitors the distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the circular trolley 4 in real time to ensure that each layer of concrete in the sprayed anchor operation can be accurately placed, and finally the sprayed anchor surface gradually approaches and reaches the designed position. The effect of real-time measurement is to dynamically adjust the sprayed anchor operation to avoid any excessive or insufficient sprayed anchor, and ensure the flatness and structural stability of the tunnel; finally, the cyclic sprayed anchor operation in step S8 ensures that the sprayed anchor operation of the entire tunnel section is completed completely and accurately. By repeating the above steps, the sprayed anchor task is gradually completed to ensure that each part meets the design requirements, and finally a solid, uniform and design-compliant concrete support layer is formed to achieve high-quality construction. ;

[0090] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A shotcrete spraying operation vehicle, characterized in that: include: Anchor spraying trolley (2), which carries all parts required for anchor spraying and is placed in the tunnel for anchor spraying operations; A ring frame (3) is installed in the middle of the spray anchor trolley (2) and is used to support the overall structure of the ring trolley (4) and the spray anchor system; A circumferential trolley (4) is installed on the outer periphery of the circumferential frame (3) and is used to move the spray anchor head (6) circumferentially along the tunnel section and perform concrete spraying operations; A longitudinal trolley (5) is mounted on the spray anchor track beam (41) of the circular trolley (4) and is used to move the spray anchor head (6) forward and backward and perform concrete spraying operations; A spray anchor head (6), which is mounted on the outside of the longitudinal trolley (5) and is used to accurately spray concrete onto the tunnel surface; A transverse moving mechanism (7) is mounted on the upper surface of the longitudinal beam (23) of the anchor spraying trolley (2) and is used to adjust the position of the anchor spraying trolley (2) in the transverse direction; A vertical moving mechanism (8), which is installed on the top of the horizontal moving mechanism (7) and is used to adjust the position of the anchor spraying trolley (2) in the vertical direction; The measuring and positioning mechanism (9) is installed at the front and rear of the anchor spraying trolley (2) and is used for measuring the specific position and posture of the anchor spraying trolley (2) in the tunnel section in real time.

2. A shotcrete spraying trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel structure comprises an inverted arch block (11), wherein the inverted arch block (11) is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, and a steel rail (12) is arranged on the top of the inverted arch block (11); The spray anchor trolley (2) comprises a longitudinal beam (23), wherein the longitudinal beam (23) is arranged in the middle of the spray anchor trolley (2), a support leg (21) is arranged below the longitudinal beam (23), a running wheel (22) is installed at the bottom of the support leg (21), and the running wheel (22) is used to move the spray anchor trolley (2) on the rail (12), the longitudinal beams (23) are distributed in a left-right symmetrical manner, and a slag discharge belt conveyor (24) is arranged between them, and the top longitudinal beam (25) is connected to the annular frame (3) through a support column (26).

3. A shotcrete spraying trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular frame (3) comprises an annular beam (31), the annular beam (31) being connected to the top longitudinal beam (25) via a support column (26), a gear ring (32) being fixed to the outer periphery of the annular beam (31) at the front and rear ends of the spray anchor trolley (2), a rack (33) being arranged inside the gear ring (32), a limiting plate (34) being arranged at the bottom end of the gear ring (32), diagonal braces (35) being hingedly connected to both sides of the annular beam (31), the diagonal braces (35) being hingedly connected to the front and rear ends of the spray anchor trolley (2), and the gear ring (32) being hingedly connected to the bottom end of the gear ring (32). The end of the diagonal brace (35) away from the ring beam (31) is hinged with a movable support foot (36), the middle part of the diagonal brace (35) is hinged with a diagonal brace cylinder (37), and the end of the diagonal brace cylinder (37) away from the diagonal brace (35) is hinged to the side wall of the longitudinal beam (23). The diagonal brace cylinder (37) is operated by telescopic operation to support the bottom movable support foot (36) of the diagonal brace (35) on the top surface of the diagonal support (38), thereby indirectly supporting the frame of the spray anchor trolley (2).

4. A shotcrete spraying operation vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The annular trolley (4) comprises a sprayed anchor track beam (41) and a second gear (55). The sprayed anchor track beam (41) is arranged on the gear ring (32) and is used to guide the annular movement of the annular trolley (4). Racks (42) are arranged on both sides of the sprayed anchor track beam (41). The racks (42) and the second gear (55) are meshed with each other and are used to realize the forward and backward movement of the longitudinal trolley (5). Connecting plates (44) are arranged on both sides of the front and rear ends of the sprayed anchor track beam (41). Pulleys (43) are arranged at both ends of the connecting plates (44). A hydraulic motor (46) is arranged at the bottom of the sprayed anchor track beam (41). A driving gear (45) is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic motor (46). The gear (45) and the rack (33) are meshed with each other.

5. The shotcrete spraying trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal trolley (5) comprises a frame (51), the frame (51) is a hollow box structure, and is used to wrap the sprayed anchor track beam (41). The frame (51) is provided with a transverse roller (52) and a vertical roller (53). The frame (51) is provided with a second hydraulic motor (54). A connecting shaft (56) is fixed to the output end of the second hydraulic motor (54), and a second gear (55) is installed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft (56).

6. A shotcrete spraying operation vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A distance sensor (61) is arranged on the outside of the longitudinal trolley (5), and the distance sensor (61) is used to measure the precise distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the trolley in real time.

7. The shotcrete spraying operation vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse moving mechanism (7) comprises a base (71), the base (71) is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam (23), a slide groove (72) is arranged inside the base (71), a baffle (73) is arranged outside the slide groove (72), a cylinder support (74) is slidably connected inside the slide groove (72), a round hole (76) is opened inside the cylinder support (74), a thread (75) is arranged around the round hole (76), and the thread (75) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the screw rod (77), a hydraulic motor three (78) is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam (23) connecting beam, and the output end of the hydraulic motor three (78) is fixed to the middle of the screw rod (77).

8. The shotcrete spraying operation vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical moving mechanism (8) comprises a lower limit hollow square column (82), wherein the lower limit hollow square column (82) is installed on the top of the cylinder support (74), an upper limit hollow square column (83) is inserted above the lower limit hollow square column (82), and the upper limit hollow square column (83) is fixed to the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam (25), and cylinders (81) are arranged inside the upper limit hollow square column (83) and the lower limit hollow square column (82), and the cylinders (81) are used to drive the telescopic action of the vertical moving mechanism (8).

9. The shotcrete spraying operation vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring and positioning mechanism (9) comprises: A protective plate (91) is installed at the front and rear of the anchor spraying trolley (2) to protect the anchor spraying operation and the measuring equipment; An observation window (92) is provided in a specific area of ​​the protection plate (91) for observing the progress of the anchor spraying operation; A column (93) mounted on the top of the anchor spraying trolley (2) for supporting an observation prism (94); The observation prism (94) is arranged on the column (93) and is used to measure the position coordinates of the anchor spraying trolley (2).

10. A method for constructing a shotcrete work trolley, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Measurement and positioning: the anchor spraying trolley (2) moves to the range of anchor spraying operation along with the TBM excavation. The measuring prism on the anchor spraying trolley (2), i.e., the observation prism (94), is measured by a total station to reversely calculate the spatial position of the anchor spraying trolley (2) in the designed tunnel section. S2, axis alignment: start the moving adjustment mechanism, and make the axis of the anchor spraying trolley (2) coincide with the axis of the designed tunnel section through the lateral moving mechanism (7) and the vertical moving mechanism (8); the lateral moving mechanism (7) drives the oil cylinder support (74) to realize lateral adjustment in the slide groove (72) on the base (71) through the screw (77), and the vertical moving mechanism (8) realizes vertical adjustment through the telescopic movement between the lower limit hollow square column (82) and the upper limit hollow square column (83); S3, locking the diagonal support: lowering the diagonal support (35) inside the anchor spraying trolley (2), pressing the movable support foot (36) of the diagonal support (35) against the diagonal support (38), and locking the movable adjustment mechanism to fix the spatial position of the anchor spraying trolley (2); S4, three-dimensional scanning: start the anchor spraying trolley (2), move the circumferential trolley (4) circumferentially and the longitudinal trolley (5) forward and backward through the gear ring (32), use the distance sensor (61) installed on the longitudinal trolley (5) to measure the distance between the anchor spraying trolley (2) and the actual excavation surface of the tunnel, and generate a three-dimensional graph; S5, data processing: processing the three-dimensional graphic data collected from the distance sensor (61) by a processor to calculate the required spray anchor thickness of each spray anchor position in the tunnel and the required amount of spray concrete in that section; S6, layered anchor spraying: start the anchor spraying trolley (2) to carry out layered anchor spraying operation, the circumferential trolley (4) drives the anchor spraying track beam (41) to move circumferentially along the gear ring (32), the longitudinal trolley (5) moves forward and backward along the anchor spraying track beam (41), and the anchor spraying head (6) carries out the anchor spraying operation according to the calculation result and accurately controls the thickness of the shotcrete; S7, real-time measurement: using a distance sensor (61) to measure the distance between the sprayed anchor surface and the circular trolley (4) in real time, to ensure that the sprayed anchor surface gradually approaches and reaches the designed position; S8, cyclic anchor spraying: repeat steps S4-S7 until the anchor spraying operation is completed.

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